CN114684803B - Method for preparing porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on surface by using high internal phase emulsion template - Google Patents
Method for preparing porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on surface by using high internal phase emulsion template Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006181 electrochemical material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010351 charge transfer process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
- B22F2009/245—Reduction reaction in an Ionic Liquid [IL]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface by using a high internal phase emulsion template. The invention adopts a high internal phase emulsion template method, realizes the preparation of the porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface through polymerization, simple self-crosslinking and pyrolysis, and realizes the regulation and control of the nickel cobalt content by changing the mass concentration ratio of nickel ions and cobalt ions in the aqueous solution. The prepared porous carbon composite material has higher nickel-cobalt loading capacity, and the super capacitor prepared by taking the prepared porous carbon composite material with the nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface as an electrode has good electrochemical performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface by using a high internal phase emulsion template.
Background
Supercapacitors are considered to be new energy storage devices between conventional capacitors and batteries, which can release a large amount of electrical energy in a short time as compared to conventional energy storage components, and have received much attention due to their excellent power density, high charge and discharge rates, long service life, and cycle stability. In general, the type and morphology of the electrode material are determining factors for the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor. According to the energy storage mechanism of the supercapacitor, the electrode materials thereof can be classified into two types, one of which is to store energy, such as a carbon material, through an interfacial double electric layer formed between the electrode material and an electrolyte; another class is the storage of electrical energy by highly reversible redox reactions occurring between electrode materials and electrolytes, such as transition metal compounds and conductive polymers. As an important supercapacitor electrode material, although the theoretical specific capacitance of the transition metal compound is very high, the conductivity is very low, so that the actual capacitance of the prepared electrode material is far lower than the theoretical predicted value; the electrolyte has higher resistivity so as to influence the transfer of electrolyte ions and increase the electrode resistance; and the process of storing charges by the electrode only occurs on the surface of the transition metal compound material, and the whole material is not fully utilized. While some transition metal compounds such as RuO 2 Its large-scale commercial application is limited by the lack of natural resources. Therefore, the development of metal compound composite materials is a more ideal choice.
The porous carbon material is most widely applied due to the basic characteristics of excellent conductivity, chemical stability, large specific surface area, abundant sources, low cost and the like, and has great application potential in the electrode material of the supercapacitor. In the method for obtaining the porous carbon, the template method can accurately regulate the pore morphology of the porous carbon, so that electrolyte ions can be rapidly transferred and accumulated in a material with proper pore distribution, thereby reducing the resistance.
The synthesis of metal compound composite materials with carbon materials as substrates has been widely considered as a viable effective means for improving the electrochemical performance of metal compounds in the aspect of supercapacitors, but the carbon materials used as substrates are generally expensive materials difficult to prepare, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots and the like, which severely limit the mass production and application of the composite materials.
The method for synthesizing the metal compound composite porous carbon by deriving the high internal phase emulsion template method is simple and low in cost, wherein the porous carbon is used as a bridge for electron transmission, so that the electric activity of the metal-based nano particles can be obviously enhanced, and the electrolyte diffusion in the electrochemical test process can be effectively promoted by the definite pore channels in the porous carbon; in addition, the metal-based nanoparticles are located on interconnected carbon frameworks, which can greatly enhance the charge transfer process. Therefore, the structure can keep higher integrity, improve conductivity and shorten the reaction path when oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, thereby providing excellent electrochemical performance, and being expected to become one of important research directions with full activity and application prospect. The invention adopts a high internal phase emulsion template method, realizes the preparation of the porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface through polymerization, simple self-crosslinking and pyrolysis, and realizes the regulation and control of the nickel cobalt content by changing the mass concentration ratio of nickel ions and cobalt ions in the aqueous solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of complicated steps and high cost in synthesizing a metal compound composite carbon material, and provides a method for preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface by using a high internal phase emulsion template. The regulation and control of the nickel and cobalt content can be realized by changing the ratio of the mass concentration of nickel ions to cobalt ions in the aqueous solution.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface by utilizing a high internal phase emulsion template comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Completely dissolving a certain proportion of monomers, an initiator and a surfactant in toluene to prepare an oil phase;
(2) Slowly dropwise adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution with a certain concentration serving as a water phase into the oil phase obtained in the step (1) under the condition of mechanical stirring, continuously stirring for 90 min after the dropwise adding is completed within half an hour to obtain a uniform emulsion, and stirring at a high speed for 3-5 min to obtain a water-in-oil type high internal phase emulsion;
(3) Sealing the high internal phase emulsion obtained in the step (2), and then carrying out polymerization reaction at 70 ℃ for 24 h to obtain a solid block crude product;
(4) Soaking the solid block crude product obtained in the step (3) in an aqueous solution of nickel ions and cobalt ions with a certain concentration, taking out and washing after 72 and h, and obtaining a polymer precursor after freeze drying;
(5) And (3) pyrolyzing the polymer precursor obtained in the step (4) under the protection of nitrogen at 700 ℃ for 1 h to obtain the porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface.
Further, the monomer in the step (1) is divinylbenzene or a mixture of divinylbenzene and styrene.
Further, the initiator in the step (1) is azobisisobutyronitrile or dibenzoyl peroxide.
Further, the surfactant in the step (1) is span 80.
The mass fraction of the surfactant in the oil phase in the step (1) is 10%.
Further, the concentration of the sodium alginate aqueous solution in the step (2) is 1-2 wt%.
The volume of the aqueous phase in step (2) is 85% of the total volume of the water-in-oil high internal phase emulsion in step (2).
Further, the aqueous solution containing a certain content of nickel ions and cobalt ions in the step (4) is nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate aqueous solution.
Further, the mass concentration ratio of the cobalt nitrate to the nickel nitrate is 0:10-10:0.
Application: the application of the porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface as an electrode material in the preparation of a supercapacitor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention develops a method for preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface by using a high internal phase emulsion template. The porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface is synthesized by one-step pyrolysis. The porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface with different contents is prepared by adjusting the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the nickel nitrate.
(2) During pyrolysis, the cross-linked nickel cobalt ions are reduced to nickel/cobalt microparticles. The composite material forms a hierarchical porous structure with interconnected macropores, mesopores and micropores thanks to the interconnected pores left after the removal of the external phase and micropores caused by the chemical activation of the nitrate, which provides a large specific surface area and a large number of electrochemically active sites, thereby effectively improving the specific capacitance of the electrode material.
(3) Raman spectra with increasing ratio of the mass concentration of cobalt nitrate to nickel nitrate speciesI D /I G The graphitization degree of the carbon material is increased and then decreased, so that the increase of the graphitization degree is beneficial to the enhancement of the conductivity of the carbon material and the regulation and control of the graphitization degree of the carbon material are realized.
(4) Preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface by using a high internal phase emulsion template, so that the nickel/cobalt microparticles are supported on porous carbon pore channels, wherein the porous carbon is used as a bridge for electron transmission, the electric activity of the nickel/cobalt microparticles can be obviously enhanced, and the pore channels with rich internal layers can effectively promote electrolyte diffusion in the electrochemical test process; in addition, the nickel/cobalt microparticles are located on the interconnected carbon framework, which can greatly enhance the charge transfer process. Therefore, the structure can maintain higher integrity, improve conductivity, shorten the reaction path when oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, and provide excellent electrochemical performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron microscopic image of a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface prepared in example 3; wherein, a, b: electron microscopy images before pyrolysis, c, d: an electron microscope image after pyrolysis;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen adsorption and desorption test of the porous carbon composites with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and comparative examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum diagram of porous carbon composite materials with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface, prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and comparative examples 1, 2;
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the porous carbon composites with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and comparative examples 1, 2;
fig. 5 is a constant current charge-discharge graph of the porous carbon composites with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and comparative examples 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples, but the invention is not limited to these examples only.
Example 1
Firstly, divinylbenzene, azodiisobutyronitrile and span 80 are dissolved in toluene to obtain an oil phase, the addition amount of the azodiisobutyronitrile is 1.25% of the mass of the divinylbenzene, the mass fraction of the span 80 in the oil phase is 10%, and the volume ratio of the divinylbenzene to the toluene is 1:1; slowly dripping sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1.5wt% into an oil phase (dripping is completed within 30 min) under the mechanical stirring condition with the rotating speed of 550 rpm, continuously stirring for 90 min after dripping is completed, and stirring for 3 min under the high-speed stirring condition with the rotating speed of 15000 rpm to obtain water-in-oil type high internal phase emulsion with the internal phase volume fraction of 85%; performing polymerization reaction at 70 ℃ after sealing, and obtaining a solid block crude product after reaction 24 h; and (3) immersing the solid block crude product in a mixed aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and nickel nitrate with the total concentration of 2 mol/L, taking out and washing the solid block crude product after the mass concentration ratio of the cobalt nitrate to the nickel nitrate is 1:9 and 72: 72 h, putting the solid block crude product into a low-temperature refrigerator for freezing, and then carrying out freeze drying, wherein the obtained polymer precursor is pyrolyzed at 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen for 1 h, so as to obtain the porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface.
Example 2: the specific experimental procedure was the same as in example 1, and the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the mass concentration of the nickel nitrate in the prepared mixed aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and nickel nitrate was 3:7.
Example 3: the specific experimental procedure is the same as in example 1, and the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the mass concentration of the nickel nitrate in the prepared mixed aqueous solution of the cobalt nitrate and the nickel nitrate is 5:5.
Example 4: the specific experimental procedure was the same as in example 1, and the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the mass concentration of the nickel nitrate in the prepared mixed aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and nickel nitrate was 7:3.
Example 5: the specific experimental procedure is the same as in example 1, and the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the mass concentration of the nickel nitrate in the prepared mixed aqueous solution of the cobalt nitrate and the nickel nitrate is 9:1.
Comparative example 1: the specific experimental procedure is the same as in example 1, and the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the mass concentration of the nickel nitrate in the prepared mixed aqueous solution of the cobalt nitrate and the nickel nitrate is 0:10.
Comparative example 2: the specific experimental procedure is the same as in example 1, and the ratio of the mass concentration of the cobalt nitrate to the mass concentration of the nickel nitrate in the prepared mixed aqueous solution of the cobalt nitrate and the nickel nitrate is 10:0.
TABLE 1 data for porous carbon composites with nickel/cobalt microparticles surface loading prepared under different conditions
Fig. 1 illustrates that sodium alginate-nickel cobalt gel in an internal phase is loaded on a high polymer before pyrolysis, and nickel/cobalt microparticles are formed by reduction of the sodium alginate-nickel cobalt gel after pyrolysis at high temperature. Meanwhile, the high molecular polymer still maintains a good hierarchical porous structure after pyrolysis.
Fig. 2 illustrates that the composite material forms a hierarchical porous structure with macropores, mesopores, and micropores.
FIG. 3 illustrates Raman spectra as the ratio of the mass concentrations of cobalt nitrate to nickel nitrate increasesI D /I G The reduction and the increase are carried out firstly, which shows that nickel ions and cobalt ions can catalyze the graphitization degree of the carbon material during pyrolysis, the catalysis effect is increased firstly and then reduced along with the increase of the mass concentration ratio of cobalt and nickel substances, and the increase of the graphitization degree is beneficial to the enhancement of the conductivity of the carbon material.
Fig. 4 illustrates that all peaks correspond well to the (111), (200), (220) crystal planes of Co, ni, demonstrating that a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface is formed after pyrolysis.
FIG. 5 illustrates that as the ratio of the mass concentration of cobalt nitrate to nickel nitrate increases, the specific capacitance of the porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface increases and decreases, the highest capacitance reaching 498.5F g -1 。
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preparing a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface by using a high internal phase emulsion template, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Completely dissolving a monomer, an initiator and a surfactant in toluene to prepare an oil phase;
(2) Slowly dropwise adding a sodium alginate aqueous solution with a certain concentration serving as a water phase into the oil phase obtained in the step (1) under the condition of mechanical stirring, continuously stirring for 90 min after the dropwise adding is completed within half an hour to obtain a uniform emulsion, and stirring at a high speed for 3-5 min to obtain a water-in-oil type high internal phase emulsion with the internal phase volume fraction of 85%;
(3) Sealing the high internal phase emulsion obtained in the step (2), and then carrying out polymerization reaction at 70 ℃ for 24 h to obtain a solid block crude product;
(4) Immersing the solid block crude product obtained in the step (3) in an aqueous solution containing nickel ions and cobalt ions with a certain concentration, taking out the solid block crude product after 72 h, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a polymer precursor;
(5) Pyrolyzing the polymer precursor obtained in the step (4) under the protection of nitrogen at 700 ℃ for 1 h to obtain a porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface;
the monomer in the step (1) is divinylbenzene or a mixture of divinylbenzene and styrene;
the initiator in the step (1) is azobisisobutyronitrile or dibenzoyl peroxide;
the surfactant in the step (1) is span 80, and the mass fraction of the surfactant in the oil phase is 10%;
the mass percentage concentration of the sodium alginate aqueous solution in the step (2) is 1-2%;
the aqueous solution of nickel ions and cobalt ions in the step (4) is nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration ratio of the cobalt nitrate to the nickel nitrate is 1:9;
the porous carbon composite material with the nickel/cobalt microparticles loaded on the surface is used as an electrode material to be applied to the preparation of the super capacitor.
2. The porous carbon composite material with nickel/cobalt microparticles supported on the surface prepared by the method of claim 1.
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