CN109647962B - Hydraulic stretching forming method for parts - Google Patents
Hydraulic stretching forming method for parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN109647962B CN109647962B CN201811453050.XA CN201811453050A CN109647962B CN 109647962 B CN109647962 B CN 109647962B CN 201811453050 A CN201811453050 A CN 201811453050A CN 109647962 B CN109647962 B CN 109647962B
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- liquid chamber
- die
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- male die
- plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
- B21D26/031—Mould construction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/22—Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic stretching forming method of a part, which comprises the following steps: (1) assembling the male die, the female die and the blank holder on a press; (2) filling the die liquid chamber with a liquid medium; (3) placing the plate on the upper surface of the female die, and applying a blank holder force to the blank holder by downward movement of a transition base plate of a press machine so that the blank holder moves downward and clamps the plate; (4) an upper die plate of the press moves downwards to drive a male die to move downwards, the male die stops moving continuously downwards until the distance between the male die and the bottom wall of the liquid chamber is 5-10mm, the blank holder force is increased, and the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased; and (5) returning the ascending male die of the upper die block by 0.5-3mm, unloading the pressure of the liquid chamber, and resetting the press machine to obtain a final product. The invention achieves the purpose of reducing the fillet radius of the joint of the flange edge and the part by adopting the modes of increasing the edge pressing force, slightly retracting the male die and pressurizing the liquid chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydraulic stretch forming method of parts, in particular to a hydro-mechanical forming method of various cover part characteristic plates with difficult-to-form complex thin-wall structures in aerospace.
Background
The cover body type sheet metal part mainly comprises a fairing, a lampshade, an oil tank and other forming parts which are stretched through plates, in the field of aerospace, the fairing belongs to the cover body type part with a complex thin-wall structure, the shape is generally a streamline curved surface structure, the appearance is irregular, the shapes are different, the types are multiple, the function of the fairing is to protect internal components from being influenced by environments such as aerodynamic force, aerodynamic heat, sound vibration and the like, and the parts can adopt the process methods such as falling pressure forming, steel die stretching, explosion forming and the like. At present, aerospace enterprises generally adopt a method of combining drop forming and drop forming with welding, quality problems such as folds, cracks, large thinning amount, poor surface quality and the like are easily generated in the processing process, and the problems of poor quality stability, multiple working procedures, complex process, high labor intensity, low efficiency, intermediate heat treatment, high cost, high requirement on skill level of technical workers and the like generally exist.
In the prior art, the parts are manufactured by adopting a liquid-filled stretch forming method, wherein an aqueous medium is used as a stretching female die, and a plate is forced to be attached to a male die under the action of hydraulic pressure in the stretch forming process, so that the parts with the same shape as the male die are formed.
The process of liquid filling and stretching is that firstly, the cavity of a female die is filled with aqueous medium, a plate is placed on the female die, and a blank holder moves downwards to close the die and apply certain pressure. And then, the male die descends, and meanwhile, a hydraulic system is started, so that the hydraulic pressure in the cavity of the female die is increased, and a certain value is kept until the stretching is finished. And finally, when the stretching reaches a preset value, the hydraulic pressure is removed, the male die and the blank holder return, the part is taken out, and the liquid-filled stretching forming is completed.
The liquid-filled drawing has the remarkable characteristics of high forming limit and high surface quality of parts. However, the forming performance of the material is poor, the fillet radius of the female die is large, and the formed parts cannot meet the product quality requirement.
In addition, when the pressure of a liquid chamber is small, the wrinkling phenomenon can occur in the suspension belt area in the early deformation stage, the wrinkling phenomenon is not enough to be flattened in the forming process, the trend of the stroke of the male die is increased, the thickening of the flange part is caused, if the thickening of the flange is too large, the plate material is difficult to flow in, and the plate material can be broken through further drawing. When liquid chamber pressure was big enough, the convergent part will appear anti-bloating under the effect of liquid chamber pressure, and anti-bloating is favorable to forming useful friction, but, anti-bloating pressure is too big, appears breaking easily, also can appear wrinkling because of anti-bloating volume is too big.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a hydraulic stretching forming method for parts.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) assembling the male die, the female die and the blank holder on a press machine;
(2) opening an electromagnetic valve and a pressure pump of the liquid inlet pipeline to fill the female die liquid chamber with a liquid medium;
(3) placing the plate on the upper surface of the female die, and applying a blank holder force to the blank holder by downward movement of a blank holder slide block of a press machine to enable the blank holder to descend and clamp the plate;
(4) an upper die plate of the press moves downwards to drive a male die to move downwards, and then the plate is driven to enter a female die liquid chamber; when the plate continues to move downwards, the liquid in the liquid chamber is pressed, the plate is attached to the male die, when the male die continuously moves downwards to be 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber, the male die stops moving downwards, the blank holding force is increased to the point that an electromagnetic valve and a pressure pump of the liquid inlet pipeline are opened, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased to 5-10Mpa, and the pressure is kept for 2-3 seconds; the upper template lifting convex die returns 0.5-3mm and keeps for second;
(5) and (4) unloading the pressure of the liquid chamber, moving an upper template of the press upwards, moving a blank pressing slide block upwards, and separating the plate forming part from the male die and the female die.
The liquid-filled drawing is characterized in that under the hydraulic action of the plate, the normal pressure on the plate is increased, so that the friction force of the male die in contact with the plate is increased, namely beneficial friction is formed between the male die and the plate, and meanwhile, the radial tensile stress borne by the plate is reduced, the thinning of the plate is inhibited, and the fracture tendency of a dangerous section is reduced. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, an overflow lubrication effect is formed between the plate flange and the female die, and the friction between the plate at the fillet of the female die and the fillet of the female die is reduced, so that the deformation resistance of the flange area is reduced, the radial tensile stress of the plate is further reduced, the bearing capacity of a force transfer area is improved, and the fracture tendency is further reduced.
In the initial stage of stretching, the blank holder moves downwards to close the die and apply a certain pressure, then the male die moves downwards, the male die is in line contact with the plate and is in a suspended state in the whole process of hydro-mechanical drawing, and the plate forms an anti-swelling effect under the action of hydraulic pressure in the stretching forming process to enable the plate to be attached to the male die, so that the area of a suspended area of the plate is reduced, and a part with the same shape as the male die is formed. And in the final forming stage, the purpose of reducing the fillet radius of the joint of the flange edge and the part is achieved by adopting the modes of increasing the edge pressing force, slightly returning the male die and pressurizing a liquid chamber.
In a further improvement, the pressure loading curve of the liquid chamber is set by variable pressure according to the stroke of the male die. The specific control parameters are as follows:
a, in the process that the male die descends from the upper surface of the female die to half of the position of a liquid chamber of the female die, the pressure of the liquid chamber rises to 1 Mpa;
b, when the male die enters the female die liquid chamber from half to three quarters of the female die liquid chamber, the pressure of the liquid chamber rises from 1Mpa to 5 Mpa;
and c, when the male die is 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber from three quarters of the position of the male die entering the die liquid chamber, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased from 5Mpa to 10 Mpa.
The loading curve is characterized by a gradual linear increase of the hydraulic pressure from zero to a certain value with increasing punch travel until the end of the forming. Therefore, the pressure loading curve of the liquid chamber is set by adopting variable pressure according to the stroke of the male die, and wrinkles and cracks caused by too small or too large pressure are effectively avoided.
In order to realize the control of the pressure loading curve of the liquid chamber, the press is provided with a processor, the female die liquid chamber is provided with a pressure sensor, and the processor is respectively connected with a pressure pump, an electromagnetic valve and the pressure sensor which are arranged on a liquid inlet pipeline. And the processor starts the pressure pump and the liquid inlet electromagnetic valve according to the comparison between the measured pressure value and the set loading curve pressure value, and keeps the pressure of the liquid chamber within the process control parameters.
The further improvement is that the blank holder adopts an arc surface structure, so that a product with an arc-shaped flange can be produced, and secondary forming is avoided;
the further improvement is that the female die and the liquid chamber are of an integrated structure, so that the possibility of sealing failure is reduced;
the further improvement is that the electromagnetic valve and the pressure pump for opening the liquid inlet pipeline
The method also adopts a mirror-direction forming method, so that the efficiency is improved, and the process supplement surface is reduced; the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the quality of parts is improved: the thinning rate is about 13.6%, the surface quality is high, and no scratch is caused.
2. The production efficiency is improved: the stretching process was about 6 minutes.
3. Because of adopting automatic program control, the whole process button operation, the requirement to operating personnel skill level reduces.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing an assembly structure of a liquid-filled drawing die of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
a method for liquid filling stretch forming of a complex thin-wall cover body part difficult to form comprises the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a plate material: blanking and pre-roll bending the plate;
(2) assembling the male die 3, the female die 5 and the blank holder 4 on a press; the female die and the liquid chamber are of an integrated structure;
(3) opening an electromagnetic valve and a pressure pump of the liquid inlet pipeline to fill the female die liquid chamber with a liquid medium;
(4) placing the plate on the upper surface of the female die, and applying a blank holder force to the blank holder by downward movement of a blank holder slide block 2 of a press machine to enable the blank holder to descend and clamp the plate; the blank holder adopts a cambered surface structure;
(5) an upper die plate 1 of the press machine moves downwards to drive a male die to move downwards, and then the plate is driven to enter a female die liquid chamber; when the plate continuously descends, the liquid in the liquid chamber is pressed, the plate is attached to the male die, when the male die continuously descends to a position 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber, the male die stops descending, the blank pressing force is increased to a position where the pressure of the liquid chamber is kept at 10Mpa for 2-3 seconds; the upper template lifting convex die returns 0.5-3mm and keeps for second;
and when the male die descends from the upper surface of the female die to a position 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber, the pressure loading curve of the liquid chamber is set by adopting variable pressure. The specific control parameters are as follows:
a, in the process that the male die enters a half of the position of a liquid chamber of the female die from the upper surface of the female die, the pressure of the liquid chamber rises to 1 Mpa;
b, when the male die enters the female die liquid chamber from half to three quarters of the female die liquid chamber, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased from 1Mpa to 5 Mpa;
c, when the male die is 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber from three quarters of the position of the male die entering the die liquid chamber, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased from 5MPa to 10 MPa.
(6) And (4) unloading the pressure of the liquid chamber, moving an upper template of the press upwards, moving a blank pressing slide block upwards, and separating the plate forming part from the male die and the female die.
(7) And taking out the formed cover body part to complete the manufacturing cycle of one part.
In order to realize the control of the pressure loading curve of the liquid chamber, the press is provided with a processor, the female die liquid chamber is provided with a pressure sensor, and the processor is respectively connected with a pressure pump, an electromagnetic valve and the pressure sensor which are arranged on a liquid inlet pipeline. And the processor starts the pressure pump and the liquid inlet electromagnetic valve according to the comparison between the measured pressure value and the set loading curve pressure value, and keeps the pressure of the liquid chamber within the process control parameters.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (5)
1. A hydraulic stretch forming method of a part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) assembling the male die, the female die and the blank holder on a press machine;
(2) opening an electromagnetic valve and a pressure pump of the liquid inlet pipeline to fill the female die liquid chamber with a liquid medium;
(3) placing the plate on the upper surface of the female die, and applying a blank holder force to the blank holder by downward movement of a blank holder slide block of a press machine to enable the blank holder to descend and clamp the plate;
(4) an upper die plate of the press moves downwards to drive a male die to move downwards, and then the plate is driven to enter a female die liquid chamber; when the plate continues to move downwards, the liquid in the liquid chamber is pressed, the plate is attached to the male die, when the male die continuously moves downwards to be 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber, the male die stops moving downwards, the blank holding force is increased, an electromagnetic valve and a pressure pump of the liquid inlet pipeline are opened, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased to 5-10Mpa, and the pressure is kept for 2-3 seconds; the upper template rises and the male die returns by 0.5-3mm, and is kept for a period of time;
(5) and (4) unloading the pressure of the liquid chamber, moving an upper template of the press upwards, moving a blank pressing slide block upwards, and separating the plate forming part from the male die and the female die.
2. The hydraulic stretch forming method of parts according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) controlling the pressure of the liquid chamber in the step (4) by adopting variable pressure according to the stroke of the male die, wherein the control parameters are as follows:
a, in the process that the male die descends from the upper surface of the female die to a half of the position of a liquid chamber of the female die, the pressure of the liquid chamber rises from 0.5Mpa to 1 Mpa;
b, when the male die enters the female die liquid chamber from half to three quarters of the female die liquid chamber, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased from 1Mpa to 5 Mpa;
c, when the male die is 5-10mm away from the bottom wall of the liquid chamber from three quarters of the position of the male die entering the die liquid chamber, the pressure of the liquid chamber is increased from 5MPa to 10 MPa.
3. The hydraulic stretch forming method of parts according to claim 1, wherein: the blank holder is of a cambered surface structure.
4. The hydraulic stretch forming method of parts according to claim 1, wherein: the female die and the liquid chamber are of an integrated structure.
5. The hydraulic stretch forming method of parts according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the device further comprises a processor, the female die liquid chamber is provided with a pressure sensor, and the processor is respectively connected with a pressure pump, an electromagnetic valve and the pressure sensor which are arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811453050.XA CN109647962B (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Hydraulic stretching forming method for parts |
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| CN201811453050.XA CN109647962B (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Hydraulic stretching forming method for parts |
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| CN109647962A CN109647962A (en) | 2019-04-19 |
| CN109647962B true CN109647962B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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| CN111842701A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2020-10-30 | 东汉新能源汽车技术有限公司 | Forming method of automobile channel plate part |
| CN111299395B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-12-24 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Magnetic medium auxiliary plate blanking forming device and method |
| CN111323319A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for evaluating high-speed impact hydraulic forming performance of metal plate |
| CN112058995B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-08-23 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Liquid chamber pressure loading interval calculation method and device and storage medium |
Citations (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104607524A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Tailor welded blank integral drawing forming device and method for large-scale curved surface part |
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| JPH0280131A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1990-03-20 | Mazda Motor Corp | Hydraulic forming device |
| CN102764808B (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hydraulic forming device and method of reducing cylindrical part |
| CN104353718B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-03-02 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of sheet material bag draws the method for building mortion and shaping |
| CN107617664B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2021-05-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Rigid-flexible composite forming process for large complex multi-characteristic plate part |
| CN107442636B (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-01-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The corrugated removing method of curved surface member forming device, formed parts and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104607524A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Tailor welded blank integral drawing forming device and method for large-scale curved surface part |
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