CN109643589A - 贮存器组合件以及用于消除放射性物质的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于通过将放射性物质投放至熔岩湖中而将放射性物质排放到地球岩浆中的贮存器组合件以及使用这些贮存器的方法。放射性物质优选放置在卵形废物贮存器中,该废物贮存器被装载在运输贮存器中并与该运输贮存器一起投放至熔岩湖中。运输贮存器在第一沉浸至给定深度后通过熔化而分解并释放废物贮存器,其继续向下移动。
Description
说明书
本发明涉及一种贮存器组合,以及一种通过活跃熔岩湖安全消除地球岩浆中放射性废物的方法。
放射性废物或原子废物是放射性物质,这些放射性物质无法使用或由于法律要求而不应再使用。大多数这些物质是通过在核电厂中使用核能而产生的。较小的部分来自医学及物理和自然或技术研究。从过去遗留下来的其他部分来自军事。这些危险物质大多存放在中间仓库中。尽管几十年来,尽管已经测试各种技术工艺以对这些危险物质进行整备、衰变或再利用,但由于技术和政治原因,绝对安全消除高放射性废物的问题至今仍未得到解决。
该整备允许将这些废物转化为化学稳定的、不溶或难以溶于水的状态。优选地,这些废物灌注在玻璃中。但是已经发现,长远来看,反应能够产生理论上可以破坏玻璃的物质。
旧矿最终存储,尤其是德国所实践的最终存储由于长期储存而不一定能保证对放射性物质的长远安全遏制。贮存器的腐蚀以及地质地形和盐矿的位移是可能的。
几十年来一直在研究放射性物质的再利用和再处理。但到目前为止,还没有实现对放射性废物的任何有效使用。
同样,其间在适当的装置中将长寿命核素转化为短寿命核素的衰变仅处于起步阶段。
国际协议已经结束了入海消除。同样,至少在西欧,禁止在露天存储废物。其他公约禁止在南极洲冰块和浮冰中储存废物。
出于所有这些原因,过去已经考虑过安全方法。在文献DE 31 09 640A中,提出了一种方法,其中放射性物质封闭在贮存器中并被带入活火山的液态岩浆中。但其缺乏这种贮存器的精确构造以及不可逆且因此安全的带入岩浆中的精确技术描述。美国专利中没有相同的标准。文献US 4,738,564中缺乏相同的标准,其中仅提出了将填充放射性物质的贮存器携带到活火山中的想法。在专利申请US 2003/0130557A1中,则重拾相同的想法以将填充危险物质的贮存器投放在海水或火山湖中。仅示出了具有尖锐尖端的钢制圆柱形形状。在专利申请US 2005/0047870 A1中,描述了一种射弹形状的贮存器,其被投放到熔岩流的底部。然而,所有这些想法都缺乏对贮存器本身及将其安全投放到活火山的液态岩浆中的精确技术指示。
毫无疑问,已填充的贮存器借助穿过地壳朝向地下的潜没流而穿过活跃熔岩湖的火山口的硬化熔岩块无害地到达岩浆。到目前为止,尚未考虑活跃熔岩湖的突然且不可预测的喷发,该喷发将贮存器重新携带至地球表面。也尚未考虑由硬化的熔岩块或岩石块引起的诱发损坏。
因此,本发明的目的是开发一种用于放射性或危险物质的贮存器系统,其确保填充有这些物质的贮存器从地球表面的熔岩湖安全地浸没至地球岩浆中。
该问题通过作为运输贮存器或容具的外部贮存器与用作废物贮存器的一个或多个内部贮存器的组合来解决。废物贮存器在此包含待消除的放射性物质,并且以单个或多个安装在防止由外部破坏的运输贮存器中。
在此对于所实施的不同容具无区别地简化贮存器术语。因此,应当注意,术语“贮存器”也可以表示容具,特别是涉及运输贮存器,更通常称为运输容具。
运输贮存器用于将废物贮存器安全地运输到熔融熔岩湖中,将废物贮存器安全地投放到液态岩浆中,并将废物贮存器沉浸在岩浆中而不会破坏。当达到使运输元件的组合不可逆沉降的一定深度时,废物贮存器通过运输贮存器的熔化而被释放并继续沉浸。
形成中空卵形形状的三维圆形凸形本体在沉浸废物贮存器时提供良好的流动特性。然而,缺点在于在废物贮存器具有这种精确对称形状的情况下,不能确保理想的沉浸并且不排除偏斜。当岩浆通路具有狭窄通道时,这可能导致很大的困难。为避免这种情况,已装载的贮存器的物理重心位放置于半部中,这确保了沉浸时的竖直位置。贮存器的有利形状是椭形鸡蛋形状。竖直下降位置仅由半部中的更大外壳给出,并因此由较高重量给出。然而,卵形空贮存器的这种有利位置不应由与其相悖的不良负载抵消。
运输贮存器的外壁由多个壳体构成。内壳体由金属或金属合金制成,其熔点高于熔融熔岩的熔点。在此优选钨钢。该内壳体在其外侧涂有耐冲击并且难以破坏的陶瓷层,以避免由硬化熔岩板或地壳的岩石块和熔岩湖的上部部分所损坏。废物贮存器优选地由两个半部组成,这两个半部在填充放射性负载之后被密封,以实现气密并且抗机械损坏。在此优选地在两个半部的边缘上进行螺纹连接,这两个半部可以借助螺纹连接通过旋拧进行组装。接触点上的额外激光焊接带来更多安全性。放射性物质在元素钨制贮存器中包装在生铁制多孔单独贮存器中,因此不会发生严重的核反应。螺纹连接可防止废物逸出。
卵形并含有放射性物质的贮存器被运往特殊的运输贮存器中,以运送到熔岩湖并投放到熔融熔岩湖中。该贮存器应该在高达1400℃的温度下具有机械稳定性,并且应该最早在约3000米的深度处熔化。运输贮存器本身例如由金属制成,并涂有陶瓷部分。此外,运输贮存器还设置有固定环以及用于通过升降机将其投放到熔岩湖中的装置。所提出的材料是黄铜。在缓慢沉浸在熔融熔岩后,该环和连接至升降机的连接系统熔化。一旦达到沉浸不再可逆的深度,则运输贮存器也会熔化,从而释放出继续沉降的废物贮存器。
通过以下对示例性实施例的描述并参考附图来说明本发明的特征和优点。
这些附图示出了:
图1为密封的废物贮存器的构造原理,
图2为分开且装载有废物贮存器的两个半部的示意图,
图3为运输贮存器的结构原理。
图1示意性地示出了卵形运输贮存器(1)。该卵形运输贮存器(1)由两个壳体组成,即钨钢制内壁(2)以及陶瓷或陶瓷元件制外壁(3)。
图2示出了打开的废物贮存器,其由两个半部组成,即下部卵形形状(4)和上部卵形形状(5)。除了旋拧之外,这两个半部在它们的边缘上各自具有细螺纹(6),这些细螺纹(6)在填充之后将两个半部联接并且通过激光处理使之进一步密封。
图3示出了将运输贮存器(7)安装在运输车辆(8)上的原理。其涂有陶瓷层(9)并设有固定环(10)。在一端,运输贮存器(7)具有钩环(11),该运输贮存器(7)可以借助升降机通过该钩环(11)而提升直到熔岩湖中。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于通过熔岩湖在岩浆中消除放射性物质的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述贮存器组合件由用于这些物质的废物贮存器(1)以及用于这些废物贮存器的运输贮存器(7)组成。
2.根据权利要求1的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述废物贮存器由具有辐射密封性的两个半部(4,5)组成,所述两个半部在填充放射性物质之后进行组装。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述两个半部在其接触边缘上设有细螺纹(6)以使所述两个半部组装。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述运输贮存器的外壁由两个壳体(2,3)组成,内壳体由高熔点材料制成,并且外壳体由陶瓷制成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述内壳体的所述高熔点材料由钨钢制成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
密封的所述废物贮存器的外部形状为中空卵形形状。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
密封的所述废物贮存器的外部形状为纺锤形。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
密封的所述废物贮存器的外外部形状呈鸡蛋椭形形状。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
密封的所述废物贮存器的重心位于所述其半部中的一个半部中,使得所述废物贮存器在熔岩流中采取竖直位置。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述运输贮存器由最早在地下多于三千米的深度处熔化的材料制成。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述运输贮存器涂有陶瓷层。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的贮存器组合件,
其特征在于,
所述运输贮存器由黄铜环围绕。
13.一种通过熔岩湖在岩浆中消除放射性物质的方法,
其特征在于,
将所述放射性物质引入卵形废物贮存器,所述废物贮存器的外壁由钨钢制成的内壳体以及由陶瓷制成的外壳体组成,并且然后将所述废物贮存器引入运输贮存器中,所述运输贮存器由金属制成并涂有由陶瓷制成的部分,含有所述废物贮存器的所述运输贮存器用于通过升降机系统而沉浸在熔岩湖中并在沉浸至约三千米的深度处熔化,使得所述废物贮存器得以释放并继续沉降。
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DE102016010903.3A DE102016010903A1 (de) | 2016-09-08 | 2016-09-08 | Behälterkombination und Verfahren zur Beseitigung von radioaktiven Substanzen |
DE102016010903.3 | 2016-09-08 | ||
PCT/IB2017/001086 WO2018046996A1 (fr) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | Combinaison de réservoirs et procédé pour l'élimination de substances radioactives |
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CN201780051431.2A Pending CN109643589A (zh) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-09-05 | 贮存器组合件以及用于消除放射性物质的方法 |
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US (1) | US20210287819A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109643589A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3032744A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102016010903A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2019103271A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018046996A1 (zh) |
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CZ308559B6 (cs) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-11-25 | Ăšstav struktury a mechaniky hornin AV ÄŚR, v.v.i. | Kontejner pro hlubinné ukládání vyhořelého jaderného paliva a způsob hlubinného ukládání vyhořelého jaderného paliva prováděný s tímto kontejnerem |
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US3828197A (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1974-08-06 | Atomic Energy Commission | Radioactive waste storage |
DE3212507A1 (de) * | 1982-04-03 | 1983-10-13 | Steag Kernenergie Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Gebinde fuer die lagerung radioaktiver substanzen mit einer die substanzen umgebenden keramischen korrosionsschutzschicht |
US4869299A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1989-09-26 | Halliburton Company | Radioactivity shielding transportation assembly and method |
CN1038186A (zh) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-12-20 | 法国电气公司 | 放射性废物贮存器 |
WO1998044834A1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-15 | Nucon Systems, Inc. | Large size, thick-walled ceramic containers |
US20030130557A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-10 | Altersitz Larry A. | Nuclear waste disposal system |
US20040067328A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-04-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Cement composite, concrete, concrete cask and method of manufacturing concrete |
US20050047870A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-03-03 | Rode Christian Stig | Apparatus for disposal of toxic and radioactive waste |
CN201392670Y (zh) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-01-27 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | 中、低水平放射性核废料贮运容器 |
CN103649531A (zh) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-03-19 | 加里·海恩 | 使用包括核站的混合型地热发电站发电的系统和方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
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DE3109640A1 (de) | 1981-03-13 | 1982-09-23 | Günther 5600 Wuppertal Draude | Verfahren zur beseitigung von radioaktiven abfaellen |
US4738564A (en) | 1985-01-28 | 1988-04-19 | Bottillo Thomas V | Nuclear and toxic waste recycling process |
EP1682874A2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2006-07-26 | Lightouch Medical, Inc. | Absolute calibration process and device for a tissue modulated raman spectrometer |
-
2016
- 2016-09-08 DE DE102016010903.3A patent/DE102016010903A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-09-05 US US16/326,426 patent/US20210287819A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-09-05 RU RU2019103271A patent/RU2019103271A/ru unknown
- 2017-09-05 WO PCT/IB2017/001086 patent/WO2018046996A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2017-09-05 CN CN201780051431.2A patent/CN109643589A/zh active Pending
- 2017-09-05 CA CA3032744A patent/CA3032744A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3828197A (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1974-08-06 | Atomic Energy Commission | Radioactive waste storage |
DE3212507A1 (de) * | 1982-04-03 | 1983-10-13 | Steag Kernenergie Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Gebinde fuer die lagerung radioaktiver substanzen mit einer die substanzen umgebenden keramischen korrosionsschutzschicht |
US4869299A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1989-09-26 | Halliburton Company | Radioactivity shielding transportation assembly and method |
CN1038186A (zh) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-12-20 | 法国电气公司 | 放射性废物贮存器 |
WO1998044834A1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-15 | Nucon Systems, Inc. | Large size, thick-walled ceramic containers |
US20030130557A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-10 | Altersitz Larry A. | Nuclear waste disposal system |
US20040067328A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-04-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Cement composite, concrete, concrete cask and method of manufacturing concrete |
US20050047870A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-03-03 | Rode Christian Stig | Apparatus for disposal of toxic and radioactive waste |
CN201392670Y (zh) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-01-27 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | 中、低水平放射性核废料贮运容器 |
CN103649531A (zh) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-03-19 | 加里·海恩 | 使用包括核站的混合型地热发电站发电的系统和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3032744A1 (fr) | 2018-03-15 |
RU2019103271A (ru) | 2020-10-08 |
US20210287819A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
DE102016010903A1 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
WO2018046996A1 (fr) | 2018-03-15 |
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