CN109633788A - Double-cylinder type sleet measuring method and device - Google Patents
Double-cylinder type sleet measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109633788A CN109633788A CN201811418454.5A CN201811418454A CN109633788A CN 109633788 A CN109633788 A CN 109633788A CN 201811418454 A CN201811418454 A CN 201811418454A CN 109633788 A CN109633788 A CN 109633788A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of double-cylinder type sleet measuring method and devices; using measuring cylinder A and measuring cylinder B conjunction measuring; measuring cylinder A includes a protection cylinder; protection cylinder top is rain receiver; one rain gage bucket is set under rain receiver; rain gage bucket top nested is mutually not in contact with each other between protection bucket inner wall and rain receiver outer wall；Rain gage bucket lower part is funnel and drainpipe, and rain gage bucket is placed on the first weighing apparatus, and the first weighing apparatus is installed on the base；Measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A has identical protection cylinder and rain receiver; tipping bucket or weight precipitation mechanism for monitoring are respectively arranged in the protection cylinder of measuring cylinder B; in addition; heating device is provided with inside the protection bucket of measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A; when protecting temperature within the barrel to be lower than 0 degree; make to protect temperature in cylinder to be maintained at 0 degree, avoids protection cylinder internal works from freezing, while rain gage bucket nature merging into nature cannot be influenced again.The present invention can carry out rainfall, snowfall simultaneous observation, improve the accuracy of measurement.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of precipitation observation technologies, more particularly to a kind of double-cylinder type sleet measuring method and device.
Background technique:
In its natural state, precipitation includes rain, snow, hail etc., and rain, snow are the most common dewatering modes, therefore can accurately see
Rainfall is surveyed, and the device of energy accurate surveying snowfall is particularly significant to precipitation measurement.
Currently, the device that can only observe rainfall is very mature, and can observe rainfall can observe the device of snowfall
There are no be used widely.This is to should be the shortcomings that these devices have itself.The sleet rainfall gauge weighed merely, is not arranged
Water installations, long term monitoring add up precipitation, not only evaporate and will cause influence to accuracy of observation, but also require manual intervention draining.
Snow melt tipping bucket type rain-snow gauge, also there is disadvantage, first is that heating initial time is difficult to judge, causes time delay, precipitation is inaccurate；Two
It is that there are non-uniform heat flux situations, under the conditions of chilling temperatures, accumulated snow cannot melt completely, cause measurement error；Third is that heating
Temperature is difficult to control, excessively high, causes rain gage bucket to form air column, influences snowflake and fall into bucket, causes monitoring error, or heating
Temperature is low, and snowfall cannot melt in time；Fourth is that snow melt tilting bucket rain, which directly heats rain gage bucket, will cause evaporation increasing, increase
Monitoring error.
In addition, weighing type rain-snow gauge and heating snow melt tipping bucket type rain-snow gauge, cannot carry out merging into nature under natural conditions
Monitoring.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art and provide, a kind of design is reasonable, can complete to drop
Rain, sleet mixing precipitation, snowfall and natural merging into nature monitoring, meet the double-cylinder type sleet measuring of measurement accuracy requirement
Method and device.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of double-cylinder type sleet measuring method, comprising the following steps:
A, measuring cylinder A is set first, and measuring cylinder A includes a protection cylinder, and protection cylinder top is rain receiver, in dividing into for rain receiver
A rain gage bucket is set, rain gage bucket top nested is mutually not in contact with each other between protection bucket inner wall and rain receiver outer wall；Under rain gage bucket
Portion is funnel and drainpipe, and rain gage bucket is placed on the first weighing apparatus, and the first weighing apparatus is installed on the base；
B, then setting measuring cylinder B, measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A has identical protection cylinder and rain receiver, and measuring cylinder B is adopted
Precipitation is monitored with tipping bucket or again, and when monitoring precipitation using tipping bucket, rain gage bucket is mounted on pedestal by supporting leg, in drainpipe
Under bucket-tipping device is installed, bucket-tipping device is installed on the base, and is not contacted with drainpipe；When monitoring precipitation using weighing,
Rain gage bucket is rack-mount, and bracket is arranged supporting leg and installs on the base, and a caching funnel is arranged in rain gage bucket lower part and goes out
Water pipe, solenoid valve, caching funnel is rack-mount, the setting measurement bucket under caching funnel outlet pipe, caching funnel row
Water pipe protrudes into measurement interior of bucket, but does not contact with measurement bucket, and water pipe is abandoned in the setting of measurement bucket lower part side, is abandoned on water pipe and is pacified
Solenoid valve is filled, measurement bucket is placed on the second weighing apparatus, and the second weighing apparatus is installed on the base；
C, be provided with heating device inside the protection bucket of measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A, weighing apparatus, heating device respectively with control
Device is connected, and realizes communication and control, when protecting temperature within the barrel to be lower than 0 degree, makes to protect temperature in cylinder to keep by heating device
At 0 degree, protection cylinder internal works are avoided to freeze, while rain gage bucket nature merging into nature cannot be influenced again；
D, when there is rainfall, measuring cylinder B passes through tipping bucket or weighing apparatus real-time monitoring rainfall or measures the change of bucket weight
Change amount, to obtain period rainfall and daily rainfall；When there is sleet mixing precipitation or snowfall, measuring cylinder A monitors rain gage bucket
Middle accumulated snow weight change amount, measuring cylinder B survey meter amount of snowmelt amount, accordingly calculation interval precipitation or intra day ward；When measuring cylinder B is adopted
When being monitored with weighing apparatus, when water reaches Q grams of rated value in measurement bucket, controller issues instruction, and solenoid valve opens draining, arranges
Water finishes closing solenoid valve, weighs again, completes metering.
If a length of △ t of observation period, period sum is k, and number of segment when j is, j value is 1 ..., k；
(1) measuring cylinder A:
Specification of variables, j period end rain gage bucket weight are Wj；Rain gage bucket weighing weight difference is converted into precipitation at the beginning of j period end and period
Depth is △ Wj, then:
△Wj=10(Wj-Wj-1)/314.15926
(2) when measuring cylinder B is measured using bucket-tipping device:
If j period end accumulated rainfall or amount of snowmelt amount are Pj, j hourly precipitation amount or amount of snowmelt amount are PPj, then:
PPj=Pj-Pj-1
Wherein, P0=0
(3) when measuring cylinder B is measured using weight method:
Each period end measurement bucket weight is Wj；Being converted into rainfall depth to the j period end measurement bucket amount of surging from the outset is
Pj, it is PP that the j period, which measures the bucket amount of surging and is converted into rainfall depth,j；It is from the outset i to j period end water discharging number, day draining is total
Number is n, bucket weight W1 before i-th drainsi, it is W2 that bucket weight is measured after drainingi, the measurement bucket water interactions that increase day by day are
Rainfall is P, and j period end adds up total amount of drainage WWi, then:
WWi=∑(W1i -W2i), i=0,1,…,n
When daily beginning, water discharging number i=0 is set automatically in controller, i=i+1 when draining；When water discharging number is 0,
WWi=0；When water discharging number is greater than 0, WW is calculatedi, then:
Pj=10[(WWi+ Wj) – W0]/314.15926
PPj= Pj - Pj-1
P=10(WWn +Wk-W0) /314.15926
(4) precipitation calculates:
1) as △ WjWhen > 0, △ Wj+ PPjAs precipitation in the △ T period, PPjFor amount of snowmelt amount；
2) as △ WjWhen < 0, △ Wj+ PPj=0, then precipitation is 0, PPjFor the amount of snowmelt amount in the period；△Wj+ PPj> 0, △ Wj
+ PPjAs precipitation in the △ T period, PPjFor amount of snowmelt amount；
3) as △ WjWhen=0, PPj> 0, then PPjFor hourly precipitation amount；PPj=0, then precipitation is 0 in the period.
Heating device includes heating sheet and temperature sensor, and heating sheet is connected to power supply by temperature detect switch (TDS), temperature sensing
Device is connect with controller；When not measuring nature amount of snowmelt amount, temperature in protection cylinder is improved, for example be set as 1 or 2 degree, no
It will affect precipitation monitoring accuracy.
A kind of double-cylinder type sleet measuring device, using measuring cylinder A and measuring cylinder B cooperation monitoring precipitation, wherein described
Measuring cylinder A includes a protection cylinder, and the protection cylinder top is rain receiver, and a rain gage bucket, institute is arranged under the rain receiver
Rain gage bucket top nested is stated between the protection bucket inner wall and the rain receiver outer wall, and is mutually not in contact with each other；The rain gage bucket
Lower part is funnel and drainpipe, and the rain gage bucket is placed on the first weighing apparatus, and the first weighing apparatus installation is on the base；Institute
Measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A is stated with the identical protection cylinder and the rain receiver, the measuring cylinder B use tipping bucket or
Weighing monitoring precipitation, when monitoring precipitation using tipping bucket, the rain gage bucket is mounted on the pedestal, the draining by supporting leg
Bucket-tipping device is installed, the bucket-tipping device is mounted on the pedestal, and is not contacted with the drainpipe under pipe；Using weighing
When monitoring precipitation, the rain gage bucket is rack-mount, and the bracket setting supporting leg is mounted on the pedestal, the rainfall
A caching funnel and outlet pipe, solenoid valve is arranged in cylinder lower part, and on the bracket, the caching leaks for the caching funnel installation
Struggle against setting measurement bucket under outlet pipe, and the caching funnel drainpipe protrudes into the measurement interior of bucket, but with the measurement
Bucket does not contact, and water pipe is abandoned in the measurement bucket lower part side setting, installs solenoid valve, the measurement bucket on the abandoning water pipe
It is placed on the second weighing apparatus, second weighing apparatus is mounted on the pedestal；The protection of the measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A
Bucket is internal to be provided with heating device, and weighing apparatus, heating device are connected with controller respectively, realize communication and control, are protecting
When temperature within the barrel is lower than 0 degree, makes to protect temperature in cylinder to be maintained at 0 degree by heating device, protection cylinder internal works is avoided to freeze,
It cannot influence rain gage bucket nature merging into nature again simultaneously.
The heating device includes heating sheet and temperature sensor, and heating sheet is connected to power supply by temperature detect switch (TDS), temperature
Sensor is connect with controller.When the measuring cylinder B is using weighing monitoring precipitation, water pipe, institute are abandoned in the setting of measurement bucket lower part
It states to abandon on water pipe and solenoid valve is installed, when water reaches Q grams of rated value in measurement bucket, realize Auto-drainage.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention can satisfy " precipitation observation criteria " " requirement；Rainfall, snowfall simultaneous observation can be carried out, no
It will appear delay；The shortcomings that avoiding existing Weighing type type rain-snow gauge, heating snow melt tipping bucket type rain-snow gauge and deficiency, can effectively mention
High accuracy of observation.
2, the present invention requires environmental factor low, by controlling tipping bucket room temperature, can be suitable for -30 to 60 degree of gas
Temperature enhances practicability, reliability；The metering that nature merging into nature can be carried out, the monitoring for having filled up existing type rain-snow gauge are empty
It is white.
3, rain receiver of the present invention is located at the top of rain gage bucket and the two does not contact, and can guarantee that the weighing of rain gage bucket is accurate
Property, also, the lower end of rain receiver is protruded into rain gage bucket, can guarantee that sleet fully enters rain gage bucket, improves the accuracy of measurement.
4, the lower end of present invention protection cylinder is fixed on ground or bottom plate by fixing bolt, prevents rain gage bucket and funnel from filling
The influence by extraneous natural conditions is set, measurement accuracy is improved.
5, the present invention can be avoided the shortcomings that Weighing type type rain-snow gauge, heating snow melt tipping bucket type rain-snow gauge and deficiency, can be with
Effectively improve accuracy of observation；Method is simple and easy, practical convenient for promoting, and has high economic benefit and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the measuring cylinder A of double-cylinder type sleet measuring device；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram when measuring cylinder B of double-cylinder type sleet measuring device is measured using tipping bucket；
Fig. 3 uses structural schematic diagram when Weighing for the measuring cylinder B of double-cylinder type sleet measuring device.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment: referring to figures 1-3, in figure, 1- rain receiver, 2- rain gage bucket, 3- drainpipe, the first weighing apparatus of 4-, 5- protection cylinder,
6- funnel, 7- heating device, 8- pedestal, 9- rain gage bucket supporting leg, 10- bucket-tipping device, 11- bracket, 12- cache funnel, 13- funnel
Bracket, 14- measure bucket, 15- supporting leg, and 16- abandons water pipe, 17- solenoid valve, the second weighing apparatus of 18-.
The principle and method of double-cylinder type sleet measurement:
1, sleet sensing device:
The design shares two sets of plan, and there are two devices to form for every sets of plan.First setting precipitation monitor measuring cylinder A and
Measuring cylinder B, two device materials are identical with external dimensions, and wherein measuring cylinder A must monitor precipitation using weight method,
Measuring cylinder B can use tipping bucket or monitor precipitation again, to form two sets of plan.One identical protection is set outside device
Cylinder 5, protection cylinder 5 are mounted on pedestal 8.It is identical for two schemes of measuring cylinder A(, see Fig. 1), protection 5 top of cylinder is rain receiver
1,1 internal diameter of rain receiver is 200 millimeters, a rain gage bucket 2 is arranged under rain receiver 1,2 top nested of rain gage bucket is in protection bucket 5
Between 1 outer wall of inner wall and rain receiver, and mutually it is not in contact with each other.2 lower part of rain gage bucket is funnel 6 and drainpipe 3, and rain gage bucket 2 is placed on
On first weighing apparatus 4, the first weighing apparatus 4 is mounted on pedestal 8.Heating device 7 is set inside protection bucket 5.First weighing apparatus 4
It is connected with heating device with controller, realizes communication and control.
For the tipping bucket monitoring device of measuring cylinder B, Fig. 2 is seen.Rain gage bucket 2 is mounted on pedestal 8 by rain gage bucket supporting leg 9.
Bucket-tipping device 10 is installed under drainpipe 3, and is not contacted with drainpipe 3, bucket-tipping device 10 is mounted on pedestal 8.It is protecting
Heating device 7 is arranged in 5 inside of bucket.Heating device, bucket-tipping device sensor be connected with controller, realize communication and control.
Fig. 3 is shown in for the weighing monitoring device of measuring cylinder B.Rain gage bucket 2 is mounted on bracket 11, and supporting leg 15 is arranged in bracket 11
It is mounted on pedestal 8.One caching funnel 12 and outlet pipe, solenoid valve 20 are set in 2 lower part of rain gage bucket, caching funnel 12 is installed
On funnel stand 13, the setting measurement bucket 14 under caching funnel outlet pipe, caching funnel drainpipe protrudes into measurement bucket
It inside 14, but is not contacted with measurement bucket 14, water pipe 16 is abandoned in the setting of measurement 14 lower part side of bucket, is abandoned on water pipe 16 and is installed electromagnetism
Valve.Measurement bucket 14 is placed on the second weighing apparatus 18, and the second weighing apparatus 18 is mounted on pedestal 8.It is arranged inside protection bucket 5
Heating device 7.Second weighing apparatus 4 and heating device are connected with controller, realize communication and control.
When temperature is lower than 0 degree in protection bucket 5, makes to protect temperature in cylinder 5 to be maintained at 0 degree by heating device 7, avoid protecting
5 internal works of casing freeze, while cannot influence rain gage bucket nature merging into nature again.When not measuring nature amount of snowmelt amount,
Temperature (for example being set as 1 or 2 degree) in protection cylinder 5 can be properly increased, will not influence precipitation monitoring accuracy.
2, weighing apparatus:
For the rain gage bucket 2 of standard gauge (200mm), when precipitation is 1 millimeter, precipitation weight is 31.416 grams；Precipitation is 0.5 milli
Meter Shi, precipitation weight are 15.708 grams；When precipitation is 0.2 millimeter, precipitation weight is 6.283 grams；Precipitation is 0.1 millimeter
When, precipitation weight is 3.142 grams.Therefore, it is required according to different precipitation monitoring accuracy, selects the weighing apparatus of different resolution
(including the first weighing apparatus 4 and second weighing apparatus 18), so that it may meet the needs of monitoring accuracy.
3,2 device of rain gage bucket requirement:
The effect of rain gage bucket 2 mainly stores solid rainfall, and different zones climatic characteristic is different, and winter time length is different, needs
The snowfall monitoring needs that various sizes of rain gage bucket 2 adapts to Different climate region are set.Therefore can be set a depth be 300mm,
400mm, 500mm etc. different specifications forms serial equipment model, is adapted to Different climate region.
4, principle:
When there is rainfall, measuring cylinder B passes through tipping bucket or weighing apparatus real-time monitoring rainfall or measures the change of 14 weight of bucket
Change amount, to obtain period rainfall and daily rainfall.When there is sleet mixing precipitation or snowfall, measuring cylinder A surveys meter rain gage bucket
Middle accumulated snow weight change amount, measuring cylinder B survey meter amount of snowmelt amount, accordingly calculation interval precipitation or intra day ward.When measuring cylinder B is adopted
When being monitored with weighing apparatus, measure (can be arranged the parameter, such as 3000 grams) when water reaches Q grams in bucket in the controller, control
Device processed issues instruction, and solenoid valve opens draining, and draining finishes closing solenoid valve, weighs again.
5, precipitation calculation method:
Provided according to hydrology related specifications, when the same day 8 to second day 8 when be a hydrology day, rainfall using etc. whens
Section observation.If a length of △ t of observation period, period sum is k, and number of segment when j is, j value is 1 ..., k.
(1) measuring cylinder A:
Specification of variables, j period end rain gage bucket weight are Wj；Rain gage bucket weighing weight difference is converted into precipitation at the beginning of j period end and period
Depth is △ Wj, then:
△Wj=10(Wj-Wj-1)/314.15926
(4) when measuring cylinder B is measured using bucket-tipping device:
If j period end accumulated rainfall or amount of snowmelt amount are Pj, j hourly precipitation amount or amount of snowmelt amount are PPj.So:
PPj=Pj-Pj-1
Wherein, P0=0
(5) when measuring cylinder B is measured using weight method:
It is W that j period end, which measures bucket weight,j；Being converted into rainfall depth up to the j period end measurement bucket amount of surging from 8 is Pj, when j
It is PP that the section measurement bucket amount of surging, which is converted into rainfall depth,j；From the same day 8 up to j period end water discharging number be i, day drain total degree
For n, bucket weight W1 before i-th drainsi, it is W2 that bucket weight is measured after drainingi, measure bucket and increase day by day water interactions as rainfall
Amount is P, and j period end adds up total amount of drainage WWi, then:
WWi=∑(W1i -W2i), i=0,1,…,n
When daily 8, water discharging number i=0 is set automatically in controller, i=i+1 when draining；When water discharging number is 0, WWi=
0；When water discharging number is greater than 0, WW is calculatedi.Then:
Pj=10[(WWi+ Wj) – W0]/314.15926
PPj= Pj - Pj-1
P=10(WWn +Wk-W0) /314.15926
(4) precipitation calculates:
1) as △ WjWhen > 0, △ Wj+ PPjAs precipitation in the △ T period, PPjFor amount of snowmelt amount.
2) as △ WjWhen < 0, △ Wj+ PPj=0, then precipitation is 0, PPjFor the amount of snowmelt amount in the period；△Wj+ PPj> 0,
△Wj+ PPjAs precipitation in the △ T period, PPjFor amount of snowmelt amount.
3) as △ WjWhen=0, PPj> 0, then PPjFor hourly precipitation amount；PPj=0, then precipitation is 0 in the period.
The above rainfall, precipitation or amount of snowmelt amount unit are mm, retain 1 decimal；The unit that weighs be gram, retain 1
Position decimal.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, it is all
It is any simple modification, equivalent change and modification to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention, still falls within
In the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of double-cylinder type sleet measuring method, comprising the following steps:
A, measuring cylinder A is set first, and measuring cylinder A includes a protection cylinder, and protection cylinder top is rain receiver, in dividing into for rain receiver
A rain gage bucket is set, rain gage bucket top nested is mutually not in contact with each other between protection bucket inner wall and rain receiver outer wall；Under rain gage bucket
Portion is funnel and drainpipe, and rain gage bucket is placed on the first weighing apparatus, and the first weighing apparatus is installed on the base；
B, then setting measuring cylinder B, measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A has identical protection cylinder and rain receiver, and measuring cylinder B is adopted
Precipitation is monitored with tipping bucket or again, and when monitoring precipitation using tipping bucket, rain gage bucket is mounted on pedestal by supporting leg, in drainpipe
Under bucket-tipping device is installed, bucket-tipping device is installed on the base, and is not contacted with drainpipe；When monitoring precipitation using weighing,
Rain gage bucket is rack-mount, and bracket is arranged supporting leg and installs on the base, and a caching funnel is arranged in rain gage bucket lower part and goes out
Water pipe, solenoid valve, caching funnel is rack-mount, the setting measurement bucket under caching funnel outlet pipe, caching funnel row
Water pipe protrudes into measurement interior of bucket, but does not contact with measurement bucket, and water pipe is abandoned in the setting of measurement bucket lower part side, is abandoned on water pipe and is pacified
Solenoid valve is filled, measurement bucket is placed on the second weighing apparatus, and the second weighing apparatus is installed on the base；
C, be provided with heating device inside the protection bucket of measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A, weighing apparatus, heating device respectively with control
Device is connected, and realizes communication and control, when protecting temperature within the barrel to be lower than 0 degree, makes to protect temperature in cylinder to keep by heating device
At 0 degree, protection cylinder internal works are avoided to freeze, while rain gage bucket nature merging into nature cannot be influenced again；
D, when there is rainfall, measuring cylinder B passes through tipping bucket or weighing apparatus real-time monitoring rainfall or measures the change of bucket weight
Change amount, to obtain period rainfall and daily rainfall；When there is sleet mixing precipitation or snowfall, measuring cylinder A monitors rain gage bucket
Middle accumulated snow weight change amount, measuring cylinder B survey meter amount of snowmelt amount, accordingly calculation interval precipitation or intra day ward；When measuring cylinder B is adopted
When being monitored with weighing apparatus, when water reaches Q grams of rated value in measurement bucket, controller issues instruction, and solenoid valve opens draining, arranges
Water finishes closing solenoid valve, weighs again, completes metering.
2. double-cylinder type sleet measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: setting a length of △ t of observation period, period
Sum is k, and number of segment when j is, j value is 1 ..., k；
(1) measuring cylinder A:
Specification of variables, j period end rain gage bucket weight are Wj；Rain gage bucket weighing weight difference is converted into precipitation depth at the beginning of j period end and period
For △ Wj, then:
△Wj=10(Wj-Wj-1)/314.15926
When measuring cylinder B is measured using bucket-tipping device:
If j period end accumulated rainfall or amount of snowmelt amount are Pj, j hourly precipitation amount or amount of snowmelt amount are PPj, then:
PPj=Pj-Pj-1
Wherein, P0=0
When measuring cylinder B is measured using weight method:
Each period end measurement bucket weight is Wj；Being converted into rainfall depth to the j period end measurement bucket amount of surging from the outset is
Pj, it is PP that the j period, which measures the bucket amount of surging and is converted into rainfall depth,j；It is from the outset i to j period end water discharging number, day draining is total
Number is n, bucket weight W1 before i-th drainsi, it is W2 that bucket weight is measured after drainingi, the measurement bucket water interactions that increase day by day are
Rainfall is P, and j period end adds up total amount of drainage WWi, then:
WWi=∑(W1i -W2i), i=0,1,…,n
When daily beginning, water discharging number i=0 is set automatically in controller, i=i+1 when draining；When water discharging number is 0,
WWi=0；When water discharging number is greater than 0, WW is calculatedi, then:
Pj=10[(WWi+ Wj) – W0]/314.15926
PPj= Pj - Pj-1
P=10(WWn +Wk-W0) /314.15926
(4) precipitation calculates:
1) as △ WjWhen > 0, △ Wj+ PPjAs precipitation in the △ T period, PPjFor amount of snowmelt amount；
2) as △ WjWhen < 0, △ Wj+ PPj=0, then precipitation is 0, PPjFor the amount of snowmelt amount in the period；△Wj+ PPj> 0, △ Wj+
PPjAs precipitation in the △ T period, PPjFor amount of snowmelt amount；
3) as △ WjWhen=0, PPj> 0, then PPjFor hourly precipitation amount；PPj=0, then precipitation is 0 in the period.
3. double-cylinder type sleet measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: heating device includes heating sheet and temperature
Sensor is spent, heating sheet is connected to power supply by temperature detect switch (TDS), and temperature sensor is connect with controller；Do not measuring nature snow melt
In the case of amount, temperature in protection cylinder is improved, for example be set as 1 or 2 degree, will not influence precipitation monitoring accuracy.
4. a kind of double-cylinder type sleet measuring device, it is characterized in that: using measuring cylinder A and measuring cylinder B cooperation monitoring precipitation,
In, the measuring cylinder A includes a protection cylinder, and the protection cylinder top is rain receiver, and a rain is arranged under the rain receiver
Graduated cylinder, the rain gage bucket top nested are mutually not in contact with each other between the protection bucket inner wall and the rain receiver outer wall；It is described
Rain gage bucket lower part is funnel and drainpipe, and the rain gage bucket is placed on the first weighing apparatus, and first weighing apparatus is mounted on base
On seat；The measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A has the identical protection cylinder and the rain receiver, and the measuring cylinder B is used
Tipping bucket or precipitation is monitored again, when monitoring precipitation using tipping bucket, the rain gage bucket is mounted on the pedestal, institute by supporting leg
It states and bucket-tipping device is installed under drainpipe, the bucket-tipping device is mounted on the pedestal, and is not contacted with the drainpipe；It adopts
When monitoring precipitation with weighing, the rain gage bucket is rack-mount, and the bracket setting supporting leg is mounted on the pedestal, institute
It states rain gage bucket lower part and one caching funnel and outlet pipe, solenoid valve is set, the caching funnel installation is on the bracket, described
Cache setting measurement bucket, the caching funnel drainpipe under funnel outlet pipe and protrude into the measurement interior of bucket, but with institute
It states measurement bucket not contact, water pipe is abandoned in the measurement bucket lower part side setting, installs solenoid valve, the survey on the abandoning water pipe
Amount bucket is placed on the second weighing apparatus, and second weighing apparatus is mounted on the pedestal；The measuring cylinder B and measuring cylinder A
Protection bucket inside be provided with heating device, weighing apparatus, heating device are connected with controller respectively, realize communication and control,
When protecting temperature within the barrel to be lower than 0 degree, makes to protect temperature in cylinder to be maintained at 0 degree by heating device, avoid machine inside protection cylinder
Part freezes, while cannot influence rain gage bucket nature merging into nature again.
5. double-cylinder type sleet measuring device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the heating device includes heating sheet
And temperature sensor, heating sheet are connected to power supply by temperature detect switch (TDS), temperature sensor is connect with controller.
6. double-cylinder type sleet measuring device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the measuring cylinder B is using weighing prison
When surveying precipitation, water pipe is abandoned in the setting of measurement bucket lower part, installs solenoid valve on the abandoning water pipe, when water reaches in measurement bucket
At Q grams of rated value, Auto-drainage is realized.
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| CN201811418454.5A CN109633788A (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Double-cylinder type sleet measuring method and device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110320577A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-10-11 | 张泉荣 | A kind of convenience accurately measures the artificial rain gauge of period precipitation |
| CN110596788A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-20 | 樊予江 | Solid-state rainfall monitoring system in mountain area |
| CN113721306A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-30 | 重庆宗申通用动力机械有限公司 | Weather judging device |
| CN115857063A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 北京精诚恒创科技有限公司 | Rain and snow quantity sensor based on fiber bragg grating and rain and snow quantity measuring method |
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