CN109632409B - Sample preparation device and preparation method for soil detection - Google Patents
Sample preparation device and preparation method for soil detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN109632409B CN109632409B CN201811363152.2A CN201811363152A CN109632409B CN 109632409 B CN109632409 B CN 109632409B CN 201811363152 A CN201811363152 A CN 201811363152A CN 109632409 B CN109632409 B CN 109632409B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
Abstract
The invention discloses a sample preparation device for soil detection, which comprises a grinding unit, a screening unit and a drying unit, wherein the grinding unit is used for grinding soil; the drying unit comprises a fan and a feeder; the feeder is internally provided with a sample and is correspondingly arranged on an air outlet path of the fan; the grinding unit comprises a coarse grinding assembly and a fine grinding assembly; the screening units are correspondingly arranged between the rough grinding assembly and the fine grinding assembly; the sample of taking out from the underground is at first through the unit dehydration of drying, and preliminary coarse grinding afterwards pulverizes little mud piece and makes impurity and mud piece separation such as grass root, gravel, later separates out impurity through the screening, and remaining earth becomes the tiny state of granule after the fine grinding, ensures that each detection item does not receive impurity influence and the reaction is abundant, the result is accurate afterwards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil detection, in particular to a sample preparation device for soil detection.
Background
The soil sample to be detected taken back from the field needs to be subjected to processing procedures such as air drying, grinding, sieving, mixing, bottling and the like before detection, most of the existing soil detection equipment has single function and does not have the capability of systematically preparing the detection sample. All the sample preparation devices for soil detection are needed to be invented, which have simple structure and can quickly prepare detection samples.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the sample preparation device for soil detection, which has a simple structure and can be used for quickly preparing a detection sample.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sample preparation device for soil detection, comprising a grinding unit, a screening unit and a drying unit; the drying unit comprises a fan and a feeder; the feeder is internally provided with a sample and is correspondingly arranged on an air outlet path of the fan; the grinding unit comprises a coarse grinding assembly and a fine grinding assembly; the screening units are correspondingly arranged between the rough grinding assembly and the fine grinding assembly;
the rough grinding assembly comprises a bracket, a first roller, a second roller and a material sucking device; the first roller is fixedly arranged on the support, and the second roller corresponds to the first roller in the horizontal direction and is in sliding fit with the support to realize the adjustment of the distance between the two rollers; the inlet of the material suction device corresponds to the sample in the feeder; the outlet of the material suction device is correspondingly arranged above the matching part of the first roller and the second roller;
the drying unit also comprises a base and a sealing cover; the top of the base is provided with a placing groove; the feeder is embedded in the placing groove, and the sealing cover is arranged at the top of the placing groove in a matching manner; the feeder rotates along a self symmetrical axis in the placing groove; a heater is arranged in the base, the position of the heater corresponds to the position of a rotating path of the feeder in the vertical direction, and the bottom of the feeder is heated;
the feeder is provided with an air inlet and a first air outlet; a second air outlet is formed in the placing groove and communicated with the air inlet; the fan is arranged in the base; the air outlet path of the fan corresponds to the position of the heater; the hot air around the heater is driven by the fan and sequentially passes through the second air outlet and the air inlet to reach the interior of the feeder.
Further, the material suction device comprises a pump body and a delivery pipe; two ends of the conveying pipe respectively correspond to the feeder and the coarse grinding assembly; the pump body is communicated with the conveying pipe, and the sample in the feeder is sucked into the coarse grinding assembly; a breaker is arranged at the inlet end of the conveying pipe; the scattering device comprises a first vibrator and a reed; one end of the reed extends into the conveying pipe to be contacted with the first vibrator, and the other end of the reed extends to the outer side of the conveying pipe; the tip of the reed is attached with brush hair.
Further, the screening unit comprises a screen and a collecting hopper; a second vibrator is connected to the screen; the collecting hopper is of a conical cylinder structure which is communicated up and down; the upper end of the collecting hopper corresponds to the screen in the vertical direction, and the lower end of the collecting hopper corresponds to the fine grinding assembly;
the fine grinding assembly is of a disc-shaped structure and comprises a shell and a grinding plate; the center of the shell is raised, and a cavity is arranged in the shell; the top of the cavity is open and corresponds to the lower end of the aggregate bin in the vertical direction; the shell part around the cavity is parallel to the upper surface of the grinding plate, and the bottom of the shell part is coated with grinding materials; the bottom of the grinding plate is connected with a rotating shaft, and the rotating center of the rotating shaft is superposed with the symmetrical center of the shell; the sample in the collecting hopper passes through the cavity and falls onto the grinding plate, enters corresponding areas of the grinding material and the grinding plate under the centrifugal force action of the grinding plate, and is thrown out of the grinding plate; and a material disc is correspondingly arranged below the grinding plate.
Further, the feeder is of an annular cavity structure with an open top; a plurality of rollers are annularly arranged in the placing groove; the top of the roller is in contact with the bottom of the feeder to drive the feeder to rotate; a central positioning piece is arranged at the center of the bottom of the placing groove; the central positioning piece is nested and matched with the inner side of the feeder; the central positioning piece is of a hollow structure, and the interior of the central positioning piece is communicated with the interior of the base; the second air outlet is arranged at the top of the central positioning piece; the air inlet is arranged on the inner side wall surface of the feeder, and the first air outlet is arranged on the outer side wall surface of one side, far away from the air inlet, of the feeder.
Furthermore, a positioning frame is arranged at the edge of the top of the central positioning piece in the circumferential direction; the side of the positioning frame, which is back to the rotating shaft of the feeder, is an inclined plane, the lower end of the inclined plane is connected with the outer contour of the top of the central positioning piece, and the upper end of the inclined plane is retracted inwards;
a grid net is arranged at the first air outlet; an opening and closing piece is embedded in the central positioning piece; the opening and closing piece reciprocates in the central positioning piece along the height direction; the upper end of the opening and closing piece is provided with a plurality of closing blocks; the closing blocks correspond to the grids of the grid net in the self direction and are mutually nested and matched; the closing die comprises a plurality of groups with different heights.
Furthermore, a material containing disc is arranged in the feeder; the material containing disc is an annular plate, and the upper end of the material containing disc is provided with an isolation unit; the isolation unit comprises a frame body and a baffle; the top of the frame body is equal to the upper end of the feeder in height; the baffle is arranged on the frame body in a sliding manner, and the height of the baffle is smaller than that of the feeder; the isolation units are distributed in the feeder along the circumferential direction; the baffles in the adjacent isolation units are arranged in a staggered mode and are respectively located at the lowest position and the highest position on the frame body to form an S-shaped air channel.
Furthermore, the material containing tray is formed by overlapping two layers of tray bodies with the same structure; the upper surface of the tray body is provided with folds, and the folds are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the circular ring; the tray bodies are fixed through clamping pieces; the two disc bodies are adjusted to rotate relatively, and the contact area between the disc bodies is changed.
Further, the sealing cover comprises a fixed cover and a rotating cover; the fixed cover is hinged with the edge of the top of the base; the rotary cover is arranged below the fixed cover and is matched and locked with the inner wall of the annular cavity of the feeder through threads; the top of the fixed cover is rotatably provided with a handle; one end of the handle corresponding to the rotation center penetrates through the fixed cover, and a driving wheel is mounted on the fixed cover; the inner side of the edge of the rotating cover is provided with a transmission gear; the driving wheel is matched with the transmission gear; and rotating the handle to drive the rotating cover to rotate and lock with the feeder.
A sample preparation method for soil detection comprises the following steps:
step one, holding a handle to rotate a sealing cover to open the sealing cover, taking out a feeder, and placing a soil sample to be air-dried above a material containing disc;
step two, sleeving the material containing disc on the outer side of the top of the positioning frame, enabling the disc body to fall along the inclined plane of the positioning frame to complete positioning, and enabling the bottom of the disc body to be in contact with the roller;
thirdly, closing the sealing cover again, and driving the rotary cover to be matched and locked with the inner wall of the annular cavity of the feeder through the handle;
fourthly, starting the heater and the fan, and blowing hot air above the heater into the feeder by the fan; starting a driving motor of the roller, enabling the feeder to be in a rotating state, heating the top of the base by the heater while heating air, conducting the heat into the placing groove and gathering the heat at the bottom of the feeder, uniformly heating the bottom surface of the internal sample along with the rotation of the feeder, and accelerating the volatilization of the moisture at the bottom of the soil sample to the surface to be taken away by hot air, thereby obviously increasing the air drying speed;
fifthly, the temperature at the bottom of the feeder can be controlled by adjusting the power of the heater and the fan in the heating process; the size of the opening of the second air outlet is adjusted by controlling the lifting of the opening and closing piece, and the hot air quantity in the feeder is adjusted by matching with the power of the fan;
step six, after the preset air drying time, closing the heater, adjusting the opening and closing piece to move downwards to enable the second air outlet to be completely opened, and cooling the feeder and the sample in the feeder by using cool air;
step seven, after the sample is cooled for a preset time, the handle is held to rotate the sealing cover to open the sealing cover, and the feeder is taken out;
step eight, transferring the sample in the feeder into a coarse grinding assembly by using a material sucking device, grinding the sample by a first roller and a second roller which are matched with each other and rotate, and then dropping the sample onto a screen);
step nine, starting a second vibrator to drive the screen to screen the sample, wherein the sample passing through the screen passes through the aggregate bin and falls into a cavity in the fine grinding assembly;
and step ten, operating the grinding plate to rotate, enabling the sample to enter the grinding material and the corresponding fine grinding area of the grinding plate under the action of the centrifugal force of the grinding plate, and enabling the centrifugal force to play a role continuously in the grinding process, so that the soil is finally thrown out of the grinding plate and falls into the feeding disc, and thus obtaining the soil sample which can be used as a specific detection item.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a sample preparation device for soil detection, which comprises a grinding unit, a screening unit and a drying unit, wherein the grinding unit is used for grinding a sample; the drying unit comprises a fan and a feeder; the feeder is internally provided with a sample and is correspondingly arranged on an air outlet path of the fan; the grinding unit comprises a coarse grinding assembly and a fine grinding assembly; the screening units are correspondingly arranged between the rough grinding assembly and the fine grinding assembly; the sample of taking out from the underground is at first through the unit dehydration of drying, and preliminary coarse grinding afterwards pulverizes little mud piece and makes impurity and mud piece separation such as grass root, gravel, later separates out impurity through the screening, and remaining earth becomes the tiny state of granule after the fine grinding, ensures that each detection item does not receive impurity influence and the reaction is abundant, the result is accurate afterwards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a sample preparation device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the base;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the combination of the opening and closing member and the grid net;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolation unit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stack of disks;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the sealing cap;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the detecting device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the suction device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A sample preparation device for soil detection is shown in figure 7 and comprises a grinding unit 4, a screening unit 6 and a drying unit 9; the drying unit comprises a fan 13 and a feeder 2; the feeder 2 is internally provided with a sample and is correspondingly arranged on an air outlet path of the fan 13; the grinding unit comprises a rough grinding assembly 5 and a fine grinding assembly 7; the screening units are correspondingly arranged between the rough grinding assembly 5 and the fine grinding assembly 7; the sample of taking out from the underground is at first through the unit dehydration of drying, and preliminary coarse grinding afterwards pulverizes little mud piece and makes impurity and mud piece separation such as grass root, gravel, later separates out impurity through the screening, and remaining earth becomes the tiny state of granule after the fine grinding, ensures that each detection item does not receive impurity influence and the reaction is abundant, the result is accurate afterwards.
The rough grinding assembly 5 comprises a bracket, a first roller 51, a second roller 52 and a material sucking device 53, wherein the rollers are driven by a motor to rotate; the first roller 51 is fixedly arranged on the bracket, the second roller 52 corresponds to the first roller 51 in the horizontal direction, and is in sliding fit with the bracket to realize the adjustment of the distance between the two rollers for adjusting according to the components of soil; the inlet of the material suction device 53 corresponds to the sample in the feeder 2; the outlet of the material suction device 53 is correspondingly arranged above the matching part of the first roller 51 and the second roller 52.
As shown in fig. 8, the suction device 53 comprises a pump body and a delivery pipe 532; two ends of the conveying pipe 532 respectively correspond to the feeder 2 and the coarse grinding assembly 5; the pump body is communicated with the conveying pipe 532, and the sample in the feeder 2 is sucked into the rough grinding assembly 5; the inlet end of the delivery pipe 532 is provided with a breaker 54; the disperser 54 comprises a first vibrator 541 and a reed 542; one end of the reed 542 extends into the conveying pipe 532 to be contacted with the first vibrator 541, and the other end extends to the outer side of the conveying pipe 532; bristles 543 are attached to the tip end of the reed 542 extending to the outer side of the conveying pipe 532; when carrying out the sample and shifting, the too big needs of part earth caking are dispersed, and first vibrator 541 drives reed 542 and shakes, utilizes reed 542 can cut the clod, and the effect of brush hair 543 lies in can scattering again the 2 bottom few firm earth of charging means, reduces the loss of sample.
As shown in fig. 7, the screening unit includes a screen 61 and a hopper 62; a second vibrator 611 is connected to the screen 61; the aggregate bin 62 is of a conical cylinder structure which is communicated up and down; the upper end of the collecting hopper 62 corresponds to the screen 61 in the vertical direction, and the lower end corresponds to the fine grinding assembly 7;
the refining assembly 7 is of a disc-shaped structure and comprises a shell 71 and a grinding plate 72; the center of the shell 71 is raised, and a cavity 711 is arranged in the shell; the top of the cavity 711 is open and corresponds to the lower end of the aggregate bin 62 in the vertical direction; the part of the shell 71 around the cavity 711 is parallel to the upper surface of the grinding plate 72, and the bottom of the shell is coated with grinding materials; the bottom of the grinding plate 72 is connected with a rotating shaft 721, and the rotating center of the rotating shaft 721 is coincided with the symmetrical center of the shell 71; the sample in the collecting hopper 62 passes through the cavity 711 and falls onto the grinding plate 72, enters the grinding material and the corresponding fine grinding area of the grinding plate under the action of the centrifugal force of the grinding plate 72, and continuously plays a role in the grinding process by the centrifugal force, so that the soil is finally thrown out of the grinding plate 72; a material tray is correspondingly arranged below the grinding plate 72 and used for collecting soil particles thrown out of the grinding plate 72.
As shown in fig. 1, the drying unit further includes a base 1 and a sealing cover 3; the top of the base 1 is provided with a placing groove 11; the feeder 2 is embedded in the placing groove 11, and the sealing cover 3 is arranged at the top of the placing groove 11 in a matching manner; the feeder 2 rotates along a self symmetrical axis in the placing groove 11; as shown in fig. 2, a heater 12 is arranged in the base 1, and the position of the heater 12 corresponds to the position of the rotation path of the feeder 2 in the vertical direction, so as to heat the bottom of the feeder 2; along with the continuous rotation of charging means 2, just can realize the heating to whole 2 bottoms of charging means, utilize the heater 12 of fixed point and rotatory 2 complex advantages of charging means to lie in: the traditional continuous heating with fixed position has strict requirements on temperature control, and is easy to overheat by carelessness, while the rotary heating mode combines heating and cooling, so that buffer time is provided for temperature regulation, and the working stability is stronger; when carrying out the drying to the sample usually, its bottom has steam to remain easily, therefore prolonged the total time of drying greatly, is unfavorable for production efficiency's improvement, and through carrying out auxiliary heating to the sample bottom alone, just can accelerate the evaporation of bottom steam, is showing and has promoted drying efficiency.
The feeder 2 is provided with an air inlet 21 and a first air outlet 22; a second air outlet 25 is arranged in the placing groove 11, and the second air outlet 25 is communicated with the air inlet 21; the fan 13 is arranged in the base 1; the air outlet path of the fan 13 corresponds to the position of the heater 12; the hot air around the heater 12 is driven by the fan, and sequentially passes through the second air outlet 25 and the air inlet 21 to reach the interior of the feeder 2, and the hot air takes away the water vapor in the soil sample, so that the drying purpose is achieved.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the feeder 2 is an annular cavity structure with an open top; a plurality of rollers 111 are annularly arranged in the placing groove 11 and driven to rotate by a motor; the top of the roller 111 is in contact with the bottom of the feeder 2 to drive the feeder 2 to rotate around a self-symmetrical axis; a central positioning piece 112 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the placing groove 11; the central positioning part 112 is nested and matched with the inner side of the feeder 2, so that the matching tightness is ensured; the central positioning part 112 is a hollow structure, and the interior of the central positioning part is communicated with the interior of the base 1; the second air outlet 25 is arranged at the top of the central positioning part 112; the air inlet 21 is arranged on the inner side wall surface of the feeder 2, and the first air outlet 22 is arranged on the outer side wall surface of the feeder 2 far away from the air inlet 21; the first air outlet 22 and the air inlet 21 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the device, so that the stay time of hot air in the feeder 2 can be increased to the maximum extent, and the heat utilization efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, a positioning frame 113 is circumferentially disposed at the top edge of the central positioning member 112; the side of the positioning frame 113, which faces away from the rotating shaft of the feeder 2, is an inclined plane 114, the lower end of the inclined plane 114 is connected with the outer contour of the top of the central positioning part 112, and the upper end of the inclined plane is retracted inwards; when needs put into the standing groove 11 with charging means 2 in, make the inboard round hole cover of charging means 2 in the 113 outsides of locating rack, charging means 2 can adjust the centering along 113 inclined planes 114 of locating rack by oneself, imbed in the standing groove 11 at last to the process of artifical alignment has been removed from, makes placing of charging means 2 become swift.
As shown in fig. 3, a grid net 221 is disposed at the first air outlet 22; an opening and closing part 222 is embedded in the central positioning part 112; the opening and closing member 222 reciprocates in the center positioning member 112 in the height direction, and can be driven by pulling the extended pulling piece 224; the upper end of the opening and closing piece 222 is provided with a plurality of closing blocks 223; the closing block 223 corresponds to the grating of the grating net 221 in the self direction and is mutually nested and matched; the closing blocks 223 comprise a plurality of groups with different heights, and the number of the closing blocks 223 embedded in the grille is changed through the change of the heights, so that the size of the opening of the first air outlet 22 is flexibly controlled in a stepped mode.
As shown in fig. 4, a material containing tray 23 is arranged in the feeder 2; the material containing tray 23 is an annular plate, and the upper end of the material containing tray is provided with an isolation unit 24; the isolation unit 24 includes a frame body 241 and a baffle 242; the top of the frame body 241 is equal to the upper end of the feeder 2 in height; the baffle 242 is arranged on the frame body 241 in a sliding manner, and the height of the baffle 242 is smaller than that of the feeder 2; a plurality of the isolation units 24 are distributed in the feeder 2 along the circumferential direction; the baffles 242 in the adjacent isolation units 24 are arranged in a staggered manner, and are respectively located at the lowest position and the highest position on the frame body 241 to form an S-shaped air channel, so that the time of hot air in the feeder 2 is remarkably prolonged, and the utilization efficiency of the hot air is further improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the material containing tray 23 is formed by overlapping two layers of tray bodies 231 with the same structure; the upper surface of the tray body 231 is provided with wrinkles, and a plurality of wrinkles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the circular ring, so that samples in different batches can be stored and distinguished conveniently; the disc bodies 231 are fixed through clamping pieces 232; when the two discs 231 are adjusted to rotate relatively, the two discs will slide relatively as shown by arrows in the figure, so as to change the contact area between the discs 231 and further change the heat conduction capability; since the power of the heater 12 cannot be too low, which may affect the drying capability of the hot air, when the heat amount accumulated in the bottom of the sample is large, the heat absorption may be reduced by the contact adjustment between the tray bodies 231, thereby preventing the bottom of the sample from being overheated.
As shown in fig. 1, the sealing cover 3 includes a fixed cover 31 and a rotating cover 32, both of which are engaged with the same rotating shaft; the fixed cover 31 is hinged with the top edge of the base 1; the rotating cover 32 is arranged below the fixed cover 31 and is matched and locked with the inner wall of the annular cavity of the feeder 2 through threads; the sealing performance during drying can be enhanced by double sealing of the fixed cover 31 and the rotary cover 32, and the operation safety and the drying speed of the equipment are ensured; a handle 33 is rotatably arranged at the top of the fixed cover 31; as shown in fig. 6, one end of the handle 33 corresponding to the rotation center passes through the fixed cover 31, and a driving wheel 34 is mounted thereon; the inner side of the edge of the rotating cover 32 is provided with a transmission gear 35; the driving wheel 34 is matched with the transmission gear 35; the handle 33 is rotated to drive the rotary cover 32 to rotate, and the rotary cover is locked with the feeder 2; the handle 33 has two functions of lifting and rotating, so that the opening and closing of the device become faster, and the operation efficiency is improved.
A sample preparation method for soil detection comprises the following steps:
step one, holding a handle 33 to rotate a sealing cover 3 to open the sealing cover, taking out a feeder 2, and placing a soil sample to be air-dried above a material containing tray 23;
step two, the material containing disc 23 is sleeved on the outer side of the top of the positioning frame 113, the disc body falls along the inclined plane of the positioning frame 113 to complete positioning, and the bottom of the disc body is contacted with the roller 111;
thirdly, the sealing cover 3 is closed again, and the rotating cover 32 is driven by the handle 33 to be matched and locked with the inner wall of the annular cavity of the feeder 2;
step four, starting the heater 12 and the fan 13, and blowing hot air above the heater 12 into the feeder 2 by the fan 13; starting a driving motor of the roller 111 to enable the feeder 2 to be in a rotating state, heating the top of the base 1 by the heater 12 while heating air, transferring the heat into the placing groove 11 and gathering the heat at the bottom of the feeder 2, uniformly heating the bottom surface of the internal sample along with the rotation of the feeder 2, accelerating the volatilization of the moisture at the bottom of the soil sample to the surface, and taking away the moisture by hot air, thereby obviously increasing the air drying speed;
fifthly, the temperature at the bottom of the feeder 2 can be controlled by adjusting the power of the heater 12 and the fan 13 in the heating process; the size of the opening of the second air outlet 25 is adjusted by controlling the lifting of the opening and closing piece 222, and the hot air quantity in the feeder 2 is adjusted by matching with the power of the fan 13;
step six, after the preset air drying time, the heater 12 is closed, the opening and closing piece 222 is adjusted to move downwards to enable the second air outlet 25 to be completely opened, and the feeder 2 and the samples in the feeder are cooled by cold air;
step seven, after the sample is cooled for a preset time, the handle 33 is held to rotate the sealing cover 3 to open the sealing cover, and the feeder 2 is taken out;
step eight, transferring the sample in the feeder 2 into the rough grinding assembly 5 by using a material sucking device 53, grinding the sample by using a first roller 51 and a second roller 52 which are matched with each other and rotate, and then dropping the sample onto a screen 61;
step nine, starting a second vibrator to drive the screen 61 to screen the samples, wherein the samples passing through the screen 61 pass through the collection hopper 62 and fall into a cavity 711 in the fine grinding assembly 7;
step ten, operating the grinding plate 72 to rotate, enabling the sample to enter the grinding material and the corresponding fine grinding area of the grinding plate under the action of the centrifugal force of the grinding plate 72, and enabling the centrifugal force to play a role continuously in the grinding process, so that the soil is finally thrown out of the grinding plate 72 and falls into a feeding disc, and thus obtaining the soil sample which can be used as a specific detection item.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sample preparation device for soil detection, characterized in that: comprises a grinding unit (4), a screening unit (6) and a drying unit (9); the drying unit comprises a fan (13) and a feeder (2); the feeder (2) is internally provided with a sample and is correspondingly arranged on an air outlet path of the fan (13); the grinding unit comprises a rough grinding assembly (5) and a fine grinding assembly (7); the screening units are correspondingly arranged between the rough grinding assembly (5) and the fine grinding assembly (7);
the rough grinding assembly (5) comprises a bracket, a first roller (51), a second roller (52) and a suction device (53); the first roller (51) is fixedly arranged on the support, the second roller (52) corresponds to the first roller (51) in the horizontal direction and is in sliding fit with the support to realize the adjustment of the distance between the two rollers; the inlet of the material suction device (53) corresponds to the sample in the feeder (2); the outlet of the material suction device (53) is correspondingly arranged above the matching part of the first roller (51) and the second roller (52);
the drying unit also comprises a base (1) and a sealing cover (3); a placing groove (11) is formed in the top of the base (1); the feeder (2) is embedded in the placing groove (11), and the sealing cover (3) is arranged at the top of the placing groove (11) in a matching manner; the feeder (2) rotates along a self symmetrical axis in the placing groove (11); a heater (12) is arranged in the base (1), the position of the heater (12) corresponds to the position of a rotating path of the feeder (2) in the vertical direction, and the bottom of the feeder (2) is heated;
the feeder (2) is provided with an air inlet (21) and a first air outlet (22); a second air outlet (25) is formed in the placing groove (11), and the second air outlet (25) is communicated with the air inlet (21); the fan (13) is arranged in the base (1); the air outlet path of the fan (13) corresponds to the position of the heater (12); the hot air around the heater (12) is driven by the fan and sequentially passes through the second air outlet (25) and the air inlet (21) to reach the interior of the feeder (2).
2. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 1, wherein: the material suction device (53) comprises a pump body and a delivery pipe (532); two ends of the conveying pipe (532) respectively correspond to the feeder (2) and the coarse grinding assembly (5); the pump body is communicated with the conveying pipe (532), and the sample in the feeder (2) is sucked into the rough grinding assembly (5); a breaker (54) is arranged at the inlet end of the conveying pipe (532); the breaker (54) comprises a first vibrator (541) and a reed (542); one end of the reed (542) extends into the conveying pipe (532) to be contacted with the first vibrator (541), and the other end of the reed extends to the outer side of the conveying pipe (532); the tip of the reed (542) is attached with bristles (543).
3. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 1, wherein: the screening unit comprises a screen (61) and a collecting hopper (62); a second vibrator (611) is connected to the screen (61); the collecting hopper (62) is of a conical cylinder structure which is communicated up and down; the upper end of the collecting hopper (62) corresponds to the screen (61) in the vertical direction, and the lower end of the collecting hopper corresponds to the fine grinding assembly (7);
the refining assembly (7) is of a disc-shaped structure and comprises a shell (71) and a grinding plate (72); the center of the shell (71) is raised, and a cavity (711) is arranged in the shell; the top of the cavity (711) is open and corresponds to the lower end of the aggregate bin (62) in the vertical direction; the part of the shell (71) around the cavity (711) is parallel to the upper surface of the grinding plate (72), and the bottom of the shell is coated with abrasive; the bottom of the grinding plate (72) is connected with a rotating shaft (721), and the rotating center of the rotating shaft (721) is superposed with the symmetrical center of the shell (71); the sample in the collection hopper (62) passes through the cavity (711) and falls onto the grinding plate (72), enters the corresponding areas of the grinding material and the grinding plate under the action of the centrifugal force of the grinding plate (72), and is finally thrown out of the grinding plate (72); a material disc is correspondingly arranged below the grinding plate (72).
4. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 1, wherein: the feeder (2) is of an annular cavity structure with an open top; a plurality of rollers (111) are annularly arranged in the placing groove (11); the top of the roller (111) is in contact with the bottom of the feeder (2) to drive the feeder (2) to rotate; a central positioning piece (112) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the placing groove (11); the central positioning piece (112) is nested and matched with the inner side of the feeder (2); the central positioning piece (112) is of a hollow structure, and the interior of the central positioning piece is communicated with the interior of the base (1); the second air outlet (25) is arranged at the top of the central positioning piece (112); the air inlet (21) is arranged on the inner side wall surface of the feeder (2), and the first air outlet (22) is arranged on the outer side wall surface of one side, far away from the air inlet (21), of the feeder (2).
5. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 4, wherein: a positioning frame (113) is arranged at the top edge of the central positioning piece (112) in the circumferential direction; one side of the positioning frame (113) back to the rotating shaft of the feeder (2) is provided with an inclined plane (114), the lower end of the inclined plane (114) is connected with the outer contour of the top of the central positioning part (112), and the upper end of the inclined plane (114) is retracted inwards;
a grid net (221) is arranged at the first air outlet (22); an opening and closing piece (222) is embedded in the central positioning piece (112); the opening and closing piece (222) reciprocates in the height direction in the central positioning piece (112); a plurality of closing blocks (223) are arranged at the upper end of the opening and closing piece (222); the closing block (223) corresponds to the grating of the grating net (221) in the self direction and is mutually nested and matched; the closing die (223) comprises several groups of different heights.
6. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 1, wherein: a material containing disc (23) is arranged in the feeder (2); the material containing tray (23) is an annular plate, and the upper end of the material containing tray is provided with an isolation unit (24); the isolation unit (24) comprises a frame body (241) and a baffle plate (242); the top of the frame body (241) is equal to the upper end of the feeder (2) in height; the baffle (242) is arranged on the frame body (241) in a sliding mode, and the height of the baffle (242) is smaller than that of the feeder (2); the plurality of isolation units (24) are distributed in the feeder (2) along the circumferential direction; baffles (242) in adjacent isolation units (24) are arranged in a staggered mode, and are respectively located at the lowest position and the highest position on the frame body (241) to form an S-shaped air channel.
7. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 6, wherein: the material containing tray (23) is formed by overlapping two layers of tray bodies (231) with the same structure; the upper surface of the tray body (231) is provided with folds, and a plurality of folds are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the circular ring; the disc bodies (231) are fixed through clamping pieces; the relative rotation of the two disc bodies (231) is adjusted to change the contact area between the disc bodies (231).
8. A sample preparation device for soil testing according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing cover (3) comprises a fixed cover (31) and a rotating cover (32); the fixed cover (31) is hinged with the top edge of the base (1); the rotary cover (32) is arranged below the fixed cover (31) and is matched and locked with the inner wall of the annular cavity of the feeder (2) through threads; the top of the fixed cover (31) is rotatably provided with a handle (33); one end of the handle (33) corresponding to the rotation center passes through the fixed cover (31), and a driving wheel (34) is arranged on the fixed cover; the inner side of the edge of the rotating cover (32) is provided with a transmission gear (35); the driving wheel (34) is matched with the transmission gear (35); the handle (33) is rotated to drive the rotary cover (32) to rotate, and the rotary cover is locked with the feeder (2).
9. A sample preparation method for soil detection comprises the following steps:
step one, holding a handle (33) to rotate a sealing cover (3) to open the sealing cover, taking out a feeder (2), and placing a soil sample to be air-dried above a material containing disc (23);
secondly, sleeving the material containing disc (23) on the outer side of the top of the positioning frame (113), enabling the disc body to fall along the inclined plane of the positioning frame (113) to complete positioning, and enabling the bottom of the disc body to be in contact with the roller (111);
thirdly, the sealing cover (3) is closed again, and the rotary cover (32) is driven by the handle (33) to be matched and locked with the inner wall of the annular cavity of the feeder (2);
fourthly, starting the heater (12) and the fan (13), wherein the fan (13) blows hot air above the heater (12) into the feeder (2); starting a driving motor of the roller (111), enabling the feeder (2) to be in a rotating state, heating the top of the base (1) by the heater (12) while heating air, conducting the heat into the placing groove (11) and gathering the heat at the bottom of the feeder (2), uniformly heating the bottom surface of the internal sample along with the rotation of the feeder (2), and accelerating the volatilization of moisture at the bottom of the soil sample to the surface to be taken away by hot air, so that the air drying speed is remarkably increased;
fifthly, the temperature of the bottom of the feeder (2) can be controlled by adjusting the power of the heater (12) and the fan (13) in the heating process; the adjustment of the opening size of the second air outlet (25) is realized by controlling the lifting of the opening and closing piece (222), and the adjustment of hot air quantity in the feeder (2) is realized by matching with the power of the fan (13);
step six, after the preset air drying time, closing the heater (12), adjusting the opening and closing piece (222) to move downwards to enable the second air outlet (25) to be completely opened, and cooling the feeder (2) and the sample in the feeder by using cold air;
step seven, after the sample is cooled for a preset time, the handle (33) is held to rotate the sealing cover (3) to open the sealing cover, and the feeder (2) is taken out;
step eight, transferring the sample in the feeder (2) into a rough grinding assembly (5) by using a material suction device (53), grinding the sample by a first roller (51) and a second roller (52) which are matched with each other and rotate, and then dropping the sample onto a screen (61);
step nine, starting a second vibrator to drive the screen (61) to screen the sample, wherein the sample passing through the screen (61) passes through the aggregate bin (62) and falls into a cavity (711) in the fine grinding assembly (7);
and step ten, operating the grinding plate (72) to rotate, enabling the sample to enter a grinding material and a corresponding fine grinding area of the grinding plate under the action of centrifugal force of the grinding plate (72), and enabling the centrifugal force to continuously play a role in the grinding process, so that the soil is finally thrown out of the grinding plate (72) and falls into a feeding disc, and thus obtaining the soil sample which can be used as a specific detection item.
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| CN110320082B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-10-26 | 苏伊士环境检测技术(广州)有限公司 | Rapid sample preparation soil detection system and detection sample storage method thereof |
| CN111167695B (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-09 | 王新刚 | Soil detects uses mud stone splitter |
| CN116008049B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-06 | 西安石油大学 | Geological sample preprocessing device |
| CN117491112A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-02 | 沈阳汇达丰生物科技有限公司 | Soil environmental pollution check out test set |
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