CN109631036B - Combustion method of ultralow nitrogen oxides, matched combustion head and combustion device - Google Patents
Combustion method of ultralow nitrogen oxides, matched combustion head and combustion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109631036B CN109631036B CN201910032039.4A CN201910032039A CN109631036B CN 109631036 B CN109631036 B CN 109631036B CN 201910032039 A CN201910032039 A CN 201910032039A CN 109631036 B CN109631036 B CN 109631036B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
- F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The combustion method of ultralow nitrogen oxide is that the multistage composite jet is burnt at low temperature, the combustion head adopts the form of gas multistage jet and air multistage jet to form multistage composite jet to roll up smoke, the gas, air and smoke are organized together according to rules through different channels, different distribution ratios and different speeds and gradients, and finally the mixed gas flow is directly sprayed into a hearth through the combustion head for combustion. The direct-fired ultralow-nitrogen combustion can be realized, and the device has the advantages of excellent technical performance, simple structure and good economy; the method and the device realize the novel technology and the device with simple field process, high operation safety, low investment, no operation cost, high combustion efficiency and wide output power while realizing ultra-low emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustion method, in particular to an ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion method, a matched combustion head and a matched combustion device.
Background
In recent years, the problem of air pollution represented by PM2.5 has become the focus of public opinion and public focus of attention, the frequency of air heavy pollution phenomenon occurring in a large range is increased, the sustainable development of social economy is severely restricted, and the health of people is threatened. The air pollutants generated by the current combustion mainly comprise three types of smoke dust, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Different from smoke dust and sulfur dioxide, the nitrogen oxide control technology of the gas-fired and liquid-fired boilers is still in a development stage at present, the relatively mature boiler dedusting and desulfurizing technology is still immature, and particularly, the existing ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion technology has outstanding problems which are not solved yet in the practical application process, such as: safety problems of surface combustion technology and high air excess factor problems. The flue gas backfire technology (FGR) condensate water, vibration, high energy consumption and high cost. This is a common problem and a need for a solution in the prior art.
State of the art analysis for low NOx combustion
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the technical defects in the background art, and firstly provides a combustion method for ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion, secondly provides a combustion head applied to the combustion method and thirdly provides a combustion device based on the combustion head.
The combustion head, the device and the method disclosed by the invention are mainly applied to ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion, are direct-combustion ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion devices, and are based on the following theoretical basis:
1. burning NO X Mechanism of formation
Combustion theory divides NOx into thermal type NOx (Therma l NOx), fast type NOx (Prompt NOx) and gas type NOx (Fuel NOx)
1) Combustion thermal type NOx (Therma l NOx)
O+N2=NO+N N+O2=NO+O
Thermal NOx means that N2 in combustion air is oxidized at high temperature to form NOx. The mechanism of thermal NOx generation generally employs the strapdown mechanism: when the temperature is lower than 1500 ℃, the generation amount of thermal NOx is small; when the temperature is higher than 1500 ℃, the reaction speed is increased by 6-7 times when the temperature is increased by 100 ℃. In actual combustion, since the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is uneven, if there are local high temperature regions, more NOx is generated in these regions, which may play a critical role in the generation of NOx in the entire combustion chamber.
2) Quick NOx (Prompt NOx)
CH+N2=HCN+N HCN+O2=NO+HCO
Under the condition that hydrocarbon fuel gas burns and fuel gas is rich, NOx can be quickly generated in the reaction zone.
3) Gas NOx (Fuel NOx)
The nitrogen content in gas-type natural gas is low, and thus gas-type NOx is not a major control type thereof.
In the actual combustion process, various factors are continuously changed, and the factors such as the temperature of a hearth, the mixing degree of fuel gas and air, the residence time of flue gas in a furnace and the like directly influence the generation of NOx.
2. Direct-combustion ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion technical route
On the basis of intensive study of combustion theory and NOx generation mechanism, a core-multistage composite jet low-temperature combustion technology is formed, the technology can effectively realize low-temperature combustion of high-heat-value fuel gas, lower equivalent heat value and low-oxygen combustion of the fuel gas are realized through multistage composite jet, uniform distribution of flame temperature fields is realized through multistage flow velocity compounding, and the ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion method and device are formed through comprehensive application.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the combustion method of ultralow nitrogen oxides is that multistage composite jet flow is used for low-temperature combustion, a gas multistage jet flow and an air multistage jet flow form in a combustion head, multistage composite jet flow is formed to roll up smoke, the gas, the air and the smoke are organized together according to rules through different channels, different distribution ratios and different speeds and gradients, and finally the mixed gas flow is directly sprayed into a hearth through the combustion head for combustion.
As a preferable scheme: before the mixed gas is sprayed into a hearth for combustion, multistage premixing is realized in a combustion head; a plurality of gas channels are arranged in the combustion head, and each channel consists of a central gas gun, a fairing, a rectifying body, a fairing, a branch gas gun and an outer gas gun:
the central gas gun and the branch gas guns form an internal combustion gas gun, the internal combustion gas gun is arranged in the center of the inside of the combustion head, and a channel in which the central gas gun is positioned is a first channel; the periphery of the central gas gun is sleeved with a fairing, and a second channel is arranged between the central gas gun and the fairing; the second channel port is opposite to the center of the rectifier body and is a third channel; the windows arranged on the wall surface of the second channel along the circumferential direction are fourth channels; the port of the external gas gun is a fifth channel which is opposite to the whole fluid outer ring; the branch gas gun is arranged between the first channel and the second channel; the gap between the fairing and the fairing body is a sixth channel.
As a preferable scheme:
jet forming method
The central gas gun sprays gas in the first channel to form primary jet flow;
the combustion air in the second channel, the central flame sprayed out of the first channel and the flue gas entering the second channel are mixed to form secondary jet flow;
the flame sprayed out of the second channel and the smoke sucked by the sixth channel are mixed to form tertiary jet flow;
the external gas gun sprays fuel gas to form four jet flows;
the fuel gas sprayed by the external fuel gas gun and the smoke sucked in the fifth channel are mixed to form five jet flows;
wherein: premixing combustion air by primary jet flow, wherein the premixing coefficient is 1.0-3.0; premixing the smoke by secondary jet flow, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.3-1.0; premixing the smoke by three jet flows, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.4-0.5; premixing the flue gas by four jet flows, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.4-1.0; the five jet flows are free jet flows.
As a preferable scheme: in the combustion method, fuel gas and air for combustion assistance are mixed with smoke in a multi-stage composite jet flow mode;
gas classification method
The fuel gas is divided into three stages according to the flowing direction: the central gas gun is primary gas, the branch gas guns are secondary gas, the outer gas gun is tertiary gas, and the fuel gas at each stage is as follows (1-4): (1-4) (2-8) dispensing the volumetric flow ratio;
the fuel gas is radially divided into four stages according to the combustion head: the through hole on the wall surface of the central gas gun is formed by taking the gas sprayed from inside to outside as a first stage, the wall surface of the branch gas gun is respectively provided with the gas sprayed from inside to outside in the positive and negative directions through gas spray holes as a second stage and a third stage, the gas sprayed from the outer gas gun into the rectifying body is formed by taking the gas sprayed from inside to outside as a fourth stage, and the gas at each stage is formed according to (1-4): (1-4): (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (3-12) is distributed;
air classification method
Air follows the gas flow direction: the air flowing through the flame stabilizing disc is primary air, the air flowing through the outside of the flame stabilizing disc is secondary air, and the air at each stage is according to (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (1-6) is distributed;
the flue gas is radially divided into three stages according to the whole combustion head: the smoke sucked by the fourth channel, the sixth channel and the fifth channel is respectively in a first stage, a second stage and a third stage, and the smoke at each stage is distributed according to the volume flow ratio of 1:2:2.
As a preferable scheme: the fuel gas is radially divided into five stages according to the combustion head: the through holes on the wall surface of the central gas gun are sprayed from inside to outside to form a first stage; the wall surface of the branch gas gun is provided with spray holes in the positive and negative directions, and the spray holes are respectively sprayed inwards and outwards to form a second stage and a third stage; the external gas gun sprays into the rectifier body to form four stages; the auxiliary combustion air gun arranged at the inner side of the outer combustion air gun sprays fuel gas into the fluid in five stages; the fuel gas of each stage is as follows (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): the volume flow ratio of (3-11) is distributed.
The combustion head applied to ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion comprises a combustion air duct, an internal combustion air gun, an external combustion air gun, a rectifying body, a guide cover, a fairing, a gas outer ring and a gas inner ring; one end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fan through a connecting piece; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is sleeved with a furnace body connecting flange; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is provided with a gas inner ring pipeline and a gas outer ring pipeline, the gas inner ring pipeline is communicated with the internal combustion air gun, and the gas outer ring pipeline is connected with the external combustion air gun; the other end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fairing through a connecting piece, and the fairing is sleeved on the upstream of the rectifying body and is connected with the rectifying body through the connecting piece; the internal combustion air gun is arranged in the combustion air duct and the rectifying body, the external combustion air gun is arranged outside the necking of the rectifying cover, the outside of the external combustion air gun is sleeved with the flow guide cover, and the front end of the flow guide cover is provided with flow guide vanes; the outlet ends of the internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun are arranged at the side near the furnace chamber of the furnace body connecting flange.
As a preferable scheme: the internal combustion air gun comprises a central air gun and branch air guns, wherein the outer circumference of the front end of the central air gun is sleeved with a flame stabilizing disc, and a plurality of branch air guns are uniformly distributed on the outer diameter of the flame stabilizing disc along the circumferential direction by taking the central air gun as the center; the outside of the internal combustion air gun is sleeved with a fairing.
As a preferable scheme: the internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun form a jet gun in the combustion air duct; wherein: the central gas gun forms a first-stage jet gun, the branch gas guns form a second-stage jet gun, and the outer gas gun forms a third-stage jet gun; the primary jet gun and the secondary jet gun are supplied with gas by a gas inner ring, the tertiary jet gun is supplied with gas by a gas outer ring, and the gas inner ring and the gas outer ring are respectively connected with a gas supply system through pipelines. For the machine type with the power more than 5000kw, an auxiliary jet gun is arranged between the secondary jet gun reference circle and the tertiary jet gun reference circle.
An ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion device using the combustion head comprises the combustion head, a fuel gas supply system, a combustion air supply system, an ignition system, a safety and control system and a load regulating system;
the combustion head comprises a combustion air duct, an internal combustion air gun, an external combustion air gun, a rectifying body, a guide cover, a rectifying cover, a gas outer ring and a gas inner ring; one end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fan through a connecting piece; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is sleeved with a furnace body connecting flange; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is provided with a gas inner ring pipeline and a gas outer ring pipeline, the gas inner ring pipeline is communicated with the internal combustion air gun, and the gas outer ring pipeline is connected with the external combustion air gun; the other end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fairing through a connecting piece, and the fairing is sleeved on the upstream of the rectifying body and is connected with the rectifying body through the connecting piece; the internal combustion air gun is arranged in the combustion air duct and the rectifying body, the external combustion air gun is arranged outside the necking of the rectifying cover, the outside of the external combustion air gun is sleeved with the flow guide cover, and the front end of the flow guide cover is provided with flow guide vanes; the outlet ends of the internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun are arranged at the side near the furnace chamber of the furnace body connecting flange;
the air supply system comprises a fan, a motor and an air door; the fan is connected with the motor, and the air door is arranged at the bottom of the air inlet of the fan; the air supply system is used for supplying air for combustion supporting;
the ignition system comprises an igniter, an ignition gun and an ignition electrode; the igniter is arranged on the fan outlet air duct; the ignition gun and the ignition electrode are arranged in the combustion air duct, and the ignition end of the ignition gun and the ignition electrode is arranged behind the flame stabilizing disc;
the fuel gas supply system comprises a regulating valve, a fuel gas main pipeline, a main fuel gas valve and an ignition valve; the gas main pipeline is respectively connected with the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline, and the gas main pipeline and the ignition pipeline are respectively provided with a main gas valve and an ignition valve; the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline are respectively provided with an outer ring regulating valve, a valve actuator, an inner ring regulating valve and a valve actuator;
the safety and control system comprises a control box, an electric eye, a low-voltage switch, a leak detection switch, a high-voltage switch and a wind pressure switch; the control box is arranged on the outer side of the whole equipment and is connected with each switch and the electric device through wires; the electric eye is arranged at the rear part of the combustion air duct or on the fan air outlet duct; the low-voltage switch, the leak detection switch and the high-voltage switch are respectively arranged on the fuel gas main pipeline, and the wind pressure switch is arranged on the wind outlet cylinder of the fan;
the adjusting system comprises an air door actuator, an outer ring valve actuator and an inner ring valve actuator; the air door actuator is arranged on the fan.
As a preferable scheme: in the gas supply system, two main gas valves connected in series are arranged on a gas main pipeline, a low-pressure switch is arranged at the upstream of the main gas valves, a leak detection switch is arranged between the two main gas valves, and a high-pressure switch is arranged at the downstream of the two main gas valves; and the pipeline is divided into two branch pipelines at the downstream of the high-voltage switch, the two branch pipelines are respectively connected with the interfaces of the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline in the combustion head, and the two branch pipelines are respectively provided with a gas flow regulating valve with a valve actuator.
As a preferable scheme: in the ignition system, an igniter and an ignition electrode are respectively arranged on the central gas jet gun close to the combustion head and also arranged in the combustion head; the igniter and the ignition electrode are connected by a high-voltage wire.
As a preferable scheme: in the air supply system, an air door for adjusting the air quantity is arranged at the inlet or outlet of the fan, an air pressure switch is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan, and the fan is connected with the combustion head through a metal pipeline.
By adopting the technical scheme and according to the method, the direct-fired ultralow-nitrogen combustion can be realized, and the device has the advantages of excellent technical performance, simple structure and good economy; the method and the device realize the novel technology and the device with simple field process, high operation safety, low investment, no operation cost, high combustion efficiency and wide output power while realizing ultra-low emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the split flow paths of the fuel gas, air and combustion products of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the jet distribution in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of air classification, gas classification, and combustion product classification in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the bell combustion head of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the connection of the components of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the radial classification of fuel gas in the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a control box 1, a fan 2, a motor 3, an igniter 4, a regulating valve 5, an electric eye 6, an ignition gun 7, an ignition electrode 8, an internal combustion air gun 9, an external combustion air gun 10, a rectifying body 11, a damper 12, a main combustion air valve 13, an ignition valve 14, a combustion air pipeline 15, a low-voltage switch 16, a leak detection switch 17, a high-voltage switch 18, a guide cover 19, a fairing 20, a combustion air outer ring pipeline 21, an outer ring valve actuator 22, a combustion air inner ring pipeline 23, an inner ring valve actuator 24, a damper actuator 25, a wind pressure switch 26, an electric eye 27, a furnace body connecting flange 28, a central combustion air gun 29, a branch combustion air gun 30 and a flame stabilizing disc 31.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to the attached figures 1-9, the invention comprehensively utilizes the energy of the fuel gas and the air, and the fuel gas and the flue gas are fully mixed by injecting the flue gas through multiple jet flows, so that the air and the flue gas are fully mixed, the overall heat value of the fuel gas and the oxygen content of the air are effectively reduced, and the safe and reliable ultralow-nitrogen combustion effect is realized through the comprehensive utilization of fuel gas classification and air classification. The technology does not need to introduce flue gas from the outside for backfire, does not need to mix the fuel gas and air in advance at a fan, and can realize the direct combustion technology with ultralow NOx emission by directly spraying the fuel gas into a hearth through a combustion head for combustion. The direct-combustion ultralow NOx emission combustion device is designed and developed according to a multistage jet flow composite combustion technology.
The gas mixes the air through the first-stage jet flow to form premixed flame, the flame temperature of the first-stage gas combustion can be quickly reduced through a large amount of air cooling flame, the second-stage gas combustion and the third-stage gas combustion are stabilized, the second-stage gas jet flow is ejected out of the third-stage jet flow ejection channel, the second-stage jet flow can entrain a part of smoke to premix the gas, the heat value of the gas is reduced, the flame formed by the second-stage gas is combusted in the entrained smoke channel, low-heat value low-oxygen combustion is formed, and the flame temperature of the second-stage gas combustion is reduced. The three-level jet fuel gas is completely arranged on the flue gas circulation channel of four jet flows, so that the heat value of the fuel gas is greatly reduced, the low-oxygen combustion of the combustion environment is realized, and the flame temperature of the three-level fuel gas combustion is reduced. The combustion air is distributed by the flame stabilizing disc to realize stable combustion of local turbulent flame, and the primary air is primary combustion air.
The combustion method disclosed by the invention is that the multi-stage composite jet flow is combusted at low temperature, the combustion head adopts the form of gas multi-stage jet flow and air multi-stage jet flow to form multi-stage injection to roll and absorb smoke, the gas, the air and the smoke are organized together according to rules through different channels, different distribution ratios and different speeds and gradients, and finally the mixed air flow is directly sprayed into a hearth through the combustion head for combustion.
Before the mixed gas is sprayed into a hearth for combustion, multistage pre-mixing and multistage combustion are realized in a combustion head; a plurality of gas channels are arranged in the combustion head, and each channel consists of a central gas gun, a fairing, a rectifying body, a fairing, a branch gas gun and an outer gas gun.
The central gas gun and the branch gas guns form an internal combustion gas gun, the internal combustion gas gun is arranged in the center of the inside of the combustion head, and a channel in which the central gas gun is positioned is a first channel; the periphery of the central gas gun is sleeved with a fairing, and a second channel is arranged between the central gas gun and the fairing; the second channel port is opposite to the center of the rectifier body and is a third channel; the windows arranged on the wall surface of the second channel along the circumferential direction are fourth channels; the port of the external gas gun is a fifth channel which is opposite to the whole fluid outer ring; the branch gas gun is arranged between the first channel and the second channel; the gap between the fairing and the fairing body is a sixth channel.
The jet forming method comprises the following steps:
the central gas gun sprays gas in the first channel to form primary jet flow;
the combustion air in the second channel, the central flame sprayed out of the first channel and the flue gas entering the second channel are mixed to form secondary jet flow;
the flame sprayed out of the second channel and the smoke sucked by the sixth channel are mixed to form tertiary jet flow;
the external gas gun sprays fuel gas to form four jet flows;
the fuel gas sprayed by the external fuel gas gun and the smoke gas coiled in the fifth channel are mixed to form five jet flows.
Wherein: 1.0 to 3.0 portions of primary jet premixed combustion air; premixing the smoke by secondary jet flow, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.3-1.0; premixing the smoke by three jet flows, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.4-0.5; premixing the flue gas by four jet flows, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.4-1.0; the five jet flows are free jet flows.
The fuel gas and the air for combustion assisting are mixed with the flue gas in a multi-stage jet flow mode.
Gas classification method
The fuel gas is divided into three stages according to the flowing direction: the central gas gun is primary gas, the branch gas guns are secondary gas, the outer gas gun is tertiary gas, and the fuel gas at each stage is as follows (1-4): (1-4) (2-8) dispensing the volumetric flow ratio;
the fuel gas is radially divided into four stages according to the combustion head: the through hole on the wall surface of the central gas gun takes gas sprayed from inside to outside as a first stage; the wall surface of the branch gas gun is provided with spray holes in the positive and negative directions, and the gas sprayed inwards and outwards respectively is in a second stage and a third stage; the fuel gas injected into the rectifier body by the external fuel gas gun is of four stages; the fuel gas of each stage is as follows (1-4): (1-4): (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (3-12) is distributed.
Air classification method
Air follows the gas flow direction: the air flowing through the flame stabilizing disc is primary air, the air flowing through the outside of the flame stabilizing disc is secondary air, and the air at each stage is according to (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (1-6) is distributed;
air is radially divided into three stages according to the whole combustion head: the air sucked by the fourth channel, the sixth channel and the fifth channel is respectively in a first stage, a second stage and a third stage, and the air of each stage is distributed according to the volume flow ratio of 1:2:2.
The combustion head applied to ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion comprises a combustion air duct, an internal combustion air gun, an external combustion air gun, a rectifying body, a guide sleeve, a fairing, a gas outer ring and a gas inner ring; one end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fan through a connecting piece; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is sleeved with a furnace body connecting flange; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is provided with a gas inner ring pipeline and a gas outer ring pipeline, the gas inner ring pipeline is communicated with the internal combustion air gun, and the gas outer ring pipeline is connected with the external combustion air gun; the other end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fairing through a connecting piece, and the fairing is sleeved outside the fairing and connected with the fairing through the connecting piece; the internal combustion air gun is arranged in the combustion air duct and the rectifying body, the external combustion air gun is arranged outside the rectifying cover, the air guide cover is sleeved outside the external combustion air gun, and the front end of the air guide cover is provided with guide vanes; the outlet ends of the internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun are arranged at the side near the furnace chamber of the furnace body connecting flange.
The internal combustion gas gun comprises a central gas gun and branch gas guns, a flame stabilizing disc is sleeved on the outer circumference of the central gas gun, and a plurality of branch gas guns are uniformly distributed on the outer diameter of the flame stabilizing disc along the circumferential direction by taking the central gas gun as the center; the outside of the internal combustion air gun is sleeved with a fairing. The internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun form a jet gun in the combustion air duct; wherein: the central gas gun forms a first-stage jet gun, the branch gas guns form a second-stage jet gun, and the outer gas gun forms a third-stage jet gun; the primary jet gun and the secondary jet gun are supplied with gas by a gas inner ring, the tertiary jet gun is supplied with gas by a gas outer ring, and the gas inner ring and the gas outer ring are respectively connected with a gas supply system through pipelines.
In the actual design use process, the number of turns of the external gas gun can be increased according to the scale of equipment, and for the machine type with the power more than 5000kw, an auxiliary jet gun is arranged between a secondary jet gun reference circle and a tertiary jet gun reference circle, namely, gas is radially divided into five stages according to a combustion head: the through holes on the wall surface of the central gas gun are sprayed from inside to outside to form a first stage; the wall surface of the branch gas gun is provided with spray holes in the positive and negative directions, and the spray holes are respectively sprayed inwards and outwards to form a second stage and a third stage; the external gas gun sprays into the rectifier body to form four stages; the auxiliary combustion air gun arranged at the inner side of the outer combustion air gun sprays fuel gas into the fluid in five stages; the fuel gas of each stage is as follows (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): the volume flow ratio of (3-11) is distributed.
The ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion device applying the combustion head comprises the combustion head, a gas supply system, a combustion-supporting air supply system, an ignition system, a safety and control system and a load adjusting system.
The combustion head has the same structure as the above. And a igniting gun (more than 2000 KW) is arranged behind the flame stabilizing disc, and an igniting electrode and an ion probe are arranged on the igniting gun. And a fairing is arranged at the outer sides of the primary gas jet gun and the secondary gas jet gun, and a tertiary gas jet gun is arranged at the outer side of the fairing. The primary jet gun and the secondary jet gun are supplied with gas by a gas inner ring, the tertiary jet gun is supplied with gas by a gas outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring are respectively connected with two branch pipelines of a gas supply system.
The air supply system comprises a fan, a motor and an air door; the fan is connected with the motor, and the air door is arranged at the bottom of the fan; the air supply system is used for supplying air for the combustion air cylinder to support combustion. In the air supply system, an air door for adjusting the air quantity is arranged at the inlet or outlet of the fan, an air pressure switch is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan, and the fan is connected with the combustion head through a metal pipeline.
The ignition system comprises an igniter, an ignition gun and an ignition electrode; the igniter is arranged on the air outlet cylinder of the fan; the ignition gun and the ignition motor are arranged in the combustion air duct, and the ignition end of the ignition gun and the ignition motor is arranged at the side of the furnace chamber near the furnace body connecting flange; the igniter and the ignition electrode are respectively arranged on the central gas jet gun close to the combustion head and also arranged in the combustion head; the igniter and the ignition electrode are connected by a high-voltage wire.
For a direct-fired ultralow nitrogen oxide (NOx) combustion device (direct-fired ultralow NOx emission combustion device) with the power of more than or equal to 2000kW, an independent gas ignition pipeline is arranged, 1-2 ignition safety cut-off valves (ignition valves) are arranged on the ignition gas pipeline, an ignition gun is arranged at the downstream terminal of the pipeline, a disc-shaped porous flame stabilizer and a high-voltage ignition electrode are arranged on an ignition gun body, and the ignition gun is fixedly arranged on a central gas jet gun.
The gas supply system comprises a gas main pipeline, two main gas valves connected in series, a low-pressure switch arranged at the upstream of the main gas valves, a leak detection switch arranged between the two main gas valves, and a high-pressure switch arranged at the downstream of the two main gas valves; and the pipeline is divided into two branch pipelines at the downstream of the high-voltage switch, the two branch pipelines are respectively connected with the interfaces of the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline in the combustion head, and the two branch pipelines are respectively provided with a gas flow regulating valve with a valve actuator.
The safety and control system comprises a control box, an electric eye, a low-voltage switch, a leak detection switch, a high-voltage switch and a wind pressure switch; the control box is arranged on the outer side of the whole equipment (or can be separated from the whole equipment in actual installation) and is electrically connected with each switch and the electric device through a circuit; the electric eye is arranged in the middle of the combustion air duct; the low-voltage switch, the leak detection switch and the high-voltage switch are respectively arranged on the fuel gas main pipeline, and the wind pressure switch is arranged on the wind outlet cylinder of the fan. The safety and control system is provided with a control box, a system controller and electrical elements are installed in the control box, the control box realizes purging before ignition and purging after flameout, and the control box operates the input, output and logic operation of functional signals such as full-time fire detection, air-air linkage, automatic sequential ignition, combustion-supporting fan starting, system interlocking, safety cut-off, alarming, load adjustment and the like. The control box is connected with all peripheral components through wires and cables.
The adjusting system comprises an air door actuator, an outer ring valve actuator and an inner ring valve actuator; the air door actuator is arranged on the fan. The regulating system is provided with 2-4 sets of actuators which are respectively arranged on a gas flow regulating valve and a throttle regulator of a gas pipeline, receives an output regulating signal of the control box, executes switching action, and simultaneously feeds back and outputs the amplitude and state of the switching action to a controller in the control box for logic operation, and is connected with a wire and a cable of the control box.
The whole combustion process is as follows: one end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fan through a flange; the middle part of the combustion air duct is provided with a furnace body connecting flange which is connected with the furnace body, and the middle part of the combustion air duct is provided with a gas inner ring and a gas outer ring which are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the air duct. The gas inner ring is connected with the gas gun, and the gas outer ring is connected with the outer gas gun); the other end of the combustion air duct is connected with a fairing, the fairing is connected with a fairing body, an internal combustion air gun is arranged in the fairing body of the combustion air duct, the internal combustion air gun is divided into a central air gun and branch air guns, each gun head is provided with a gas spray hole and a premixing spray head, the central air gun spray hole is arranged in the fairing body, and the branch air gun spray holes are arranged in the fairing body. In the external gas gun, each gun head is provided with a gas spray hole and a premixing spray head, the outer side of the external gas gun is provided with a guide cover, and the front end of the guide cover is provided with guide vanes. And regulating valves are arranged at inlets of the gas outer ring and the gas inner ring and are used for real-time regulation according to signals sent by the control system through an outer ring valve actuator and an inner ring valve actuator.
Claims (10)
1. A combustion method of ultralow nitrogen oxides is characterized in that: the combustion method is that the multi-stage composite jet flow is combusted at low temperature, the combustion head adopts the form of gas multi-stage jet flow and air multi-stage jet flow to form multi-stage composite jet flow to wind and suck the smoke, the gas, the air and the smoke are organized together according to rules through different channels, different distribution ratios and different speeds and gradients, and finally the mixed air flow is directly sprayed into a hearth through the combustion head for combustion;
before the mixed gas is sprayed into a hearth for combustion, multistage premixing is realized in a combustion head; a plurality of gas channels are arranged in the combustion head, and each channel consists of a central gas gun, a fairing, a rectifying body, a fairing, a branch gas gun and an outer gas gun:
the central gas gun and the branch gas guns form an internal combustion gas gun, the internal combustion gas gun is arranged in the center of the inside of the combustion head, and a channel in which the central gas gun is positioned is a first channel; the periphery of the central gas gun is sleeved with a fairing, and a second channel is arranged between the central gas gun and the fairing; the second channel port is opposite to the center of the rectifier body and is a third channel; the windows arranged on the wall surface of the second channel along the circumferential direction are fourth channels; the port of the external gas gun is a fifth channel which is opposite to the whole fluid outer ring; the branch gas gun is arranged between the first channel and the second channel; the gap between the fairing and the fairing body is a sixth channel;
jet forming method
The central gas gun sprays gas in the first channel to form primary jet flow;
the combustion air in the second channel, the central flame sprayed out of the first channel and the flue gas entering the second channel are mixed to form secondary jet flow;
the flame sprayed out of the second channel and the smoke sucked by the sixth channel are mixed to form tertiary jet flow;
the external gas gun sprays fuel gas to form four jet flows;
the fuel gas sprayed by the external fuel gas gun and the smoke sucked in the fifth channel are mixed to form five jet flows;
wherein: premixing combustion air by primary jet flow, wherein the premixing coefficient is 1.0-3.0; premixing the smoke by secondary jet flow, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.3-1.0; premixing the smoke by three jet flows, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.4-0.5; premixing the flue gas by four jet flows, wherein the premixing coefficient is 0.4-1.0; the five jet flows are free jet flows.
2. The combustion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the combustion method, fuel gas and air for combustion assistance are mixed with smoke in a multi-stage composite jet flow mode;
gas classification method
The fuel gas is divided into three stages according to the flowing direction: the central gas gun is primary gas, the branch gas guns are secondary gas, the outer gas gun is tertiary gas, and the fuel gas at each stage is as follows (1-4): (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (2-8) is distributed;
the fuel gas is radially divided into four stages according to the combustion head: the through hole on the wall surface of the central gas gun is formed by taking the gas sprayed from inside to outside as a first stage, the wall surface of the branch gas gun is respectively provided with the gas sprayed from inside to outside in the positive and negative directions through gas spray holes as a second stage and a third stage, the gas sprayed from the outer gas gun into the rectifying body is formed by taking the gas sprayed from inside to outside as a fourth stage, and the gas at each stage is formed according to (1-4): (1-4): (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (3-12) is distributed;
air classification method
Air follows the gas flow direction: the air flowing through the flame stabilizing disc is primary air, the air flowing through the outside of the flame stabilizing disc is secondary air, and the air at each stage is according to (1-4): the volume flow ratio of (1-6) is distributed;
the flue gas is radially divided into three stages according to the whole combustion head: the smoke sucked by the fourth channel, the sixth channel and the fifth channel is respectively in a first stage, a second stage and a third stage, and the smoke at each stage is distributed according to the volume flow ratio of 1:2:2.
3. The combustion method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fuel gas is radially divided into five stages according to the combustion head: the through holes on the wall surface of the central gas gun are sprayed from inside to outside to form a first stage; the wall surface of the branch gas gun is provided with spray holes in the positive and negative directions, and the spray holes are respectively sprayed inwards and outwards to form a second stage and a third stage; the external gas gun sprays into the rectifier body to form four stages; the auxiliary combustion air gun arranged at the inner side of the outer combustion air gun sprays fuel gas into the fluid in five stages; the fuel gas of each stage is as follows (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): the volume flow ratio of (3-11) is distributed.
4. A combustion head applied to ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion as claimed in claim 1, comprising a combustion air duct, an internal combustion air gun, an external combustion air gun, a rectifying body, a flow guide cover, a gas outer ring and a gas inner ring; the method is characterized in that: one end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fan through a connecting piece; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is sleeved with a furnace body connecting flange; the middle part of the combustion air duct is arranged at the periphery
The gas gun is provided with a gas inner ring pipeline and a gas outer ring pipeline, the gas inner ring pipeline is communicated with the internal combustion air gun, and the gas outer ring pipeline is connected with the external combustion air gun; the other end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fairing through a connecting piece, and the fairing is sleeved on the upstream of the rectifying body and is connected with the rectifying body through the connecting piece; the internal combustion air gun is arranged in the combustion air duct and the rectifying body, the external combustion air gun is arranged outside the necking of the rectifying cover, the outside of the external combustion air gun is sleeved with the flow guide cover, and the front end of the flow guide cover is provided with flow guide vanes; the outlet ends of the internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun are arranged at the side near the furnace chamber of the furnace body connecting flange.
5. The burner head for use in ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion according to claim 4, wherein: the internal combustion air gun comprises a central air gun and branch air guns, wherein the outer circumference of the front end of the central air gun is sleeved with a flame stabilizing disc, and a plurality of branch air guns are uniformly distributed on the outer diameter of the flame stabilizing disc along the circumferential direction by taking the central air gun as the center; the outside of the internal combustion air gun is sleeved with a fairing.
6. The burner head for use in ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion according to claim 4, wherein: the internal combustion air gun and the external combustion air gun form a jet gun in the combustion air duct; wherein: the central gas gun forms a first-stage jet gun, the branch gas guns form a second-stage jet gun, and the outer gas gun forms a third-stage jet gun; the primary jet gun and the secondary jet gun are supplied by a gas inner ring, and the tertiary jet is realized
The gun is supplied with gas by a gas outer ring, and the gas inner ring and the gas outer ring are respectively connected with a gas supply system through pipelines;
for the machine type with the power more than 5000kw, an auxiliary jet gun is arranged between the secondary jet gun reference circle and the tertiary jet gun reference circle.
7. An ultralow nitrogen oxide combustion device using the combustion head of claim 4, comprising the combustion head, a fuel gas supply system, a combustion air supply system, an ignition system, a safety and control system and a load regulation system; the method is characterized in that:
the combustion head comprises a combustion air duct, an internal combustion air gun, an external combustion air gun, a rectifying body, a guide cover, a rectifying cover, a gas outer ring and a gas inner ring; one end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fan through a connecting piece; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is sleeved with a furnace body connecting flange; the middle periphery of the combustion air duct is provided with a gas inner ring pipeline and a gas outer ring pipeline, the gas inner ring pipeline is communicated with an internal combustion air gun,
The gas outer ring pipeline is connected with an outer gas gun; the other end of the combustion air duct is connected with the fairing through a connecting piece, and the fairing is sleeved on the upstream of the rectifying body and is connected with the rectifying body through the connecting piece; the internal combustion air gun is arranged in the combustion air duct and the rectifying body, the external combustion air gun is arranged outside the necking of the rectifying cover, the outside of the external combustion air gun is sleeved with the flow guide cover, and the front end of the flow guide cover is provided with flow guide vanes; outlet of internal and external gas guns
The port end is arranged at the side near the furnace chamber of the furnace body connecting flange;
the air supply system comprises a fan, a motor and an air door; the fan is connected with the motor, and the air door is arranged at the bottom of the air inlet of the fan; the air supply system is used for supplying air for combustion supporting;
the ignition system comprises an igniter, an ignition gun and an ignition electrode; the igniter is arranged on the fan outlet air duct; the ignition gun and the ignition electrode are arranged in the combustion air duct, and the ignition end of the ignition gun and the ignition electrode is arranged behind the flame stabilizing disc;
the fuel gas supply system comprises a regulating valve, a fuel gas main pipeline, a main fuel gas valve and an ignition valve; the gas main pipeline is respectively connected with the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline, and the gas main pipeline and the ignition pipeline are respectively provided with a main gas valve and an ignition valve; the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline are respectively provided with an outer ring regulating valve, a valve actuator, an inner ring regulating valve and a valve actuator;
the safety and control system comprises a control box, an electric eye, a low-voltage switch, a leak detection switch, a high-voltage switch and a wind pressure switch; the control box is arranged on the outer side of the whole equipment and is connected with each switch and the electric device through wires; the electric eye is arranged at the rear part of the combustion air duct or on the fan air outlet duct; the low-voltage switch, the leak detection switch and the high-voltage switch are respectively arranged on the fuel gas main pipeline, and the wind pressure switch is arranged on the fuel gas main pipeline
An air outlet cylinder of the fan;
the adjusting system comprises an air door actuator, an outer ring valve actuator and an inner ring valve actuator; the air door actuator is arranged on the fan.
8. The combustion apparatus of claim 7, wherein: in the gas supply system, two main gas valves connected in series are arranged on a gas main pipeline, a low-pressure switch is arranged at the upstream of the main gas valves, a leak detection switch is arranged between the two main gas valves, and a high-pressure switch is arranged at the downstream of the two main gas valves; downstream of the high-voltage switch, the pipeline is divided into two branch pipelines, respectively
And on the interfaces of the gas inner ring pipeline and the gas outer ring pipeline which are connected with the combustion head, regulating valves with valve actuators are respectively arranged on the two branch pipelines.
9. The combustion apparatus of claim 7, wherein: in the ignition system, an igniter and an ignition electrode are respectively arranged on the central gas jet gun close to the combustion head and also arranged in the combustion head; the igniter and the ignition electrode are connected by a high-voltage wire.
10. The combustion apparatus of claim 7, wherein: in the air supply system, an air door for adjusting the air quantity is arranged at the inlet or outlet of the fan, an air pressure switch is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan, and the fan is connected with the combustion head through a metal pipeline.
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