CN109628706A - A kind of mold production technology - Google Patents
A kind of mold production technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109628706A CN109628706A CN201910079848.0A CN201910079848A CN109628706A CN 109628706 A CN109628706 A CN 109628706A CN 201910079848 A CN201910079848 A CN 201910079848A CN 109628706 A CN109628706 A CN 109628706A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mold production technology, specific steps include: blank cutting, and milling is ground, cutting, vacuum heat treatment, cutting, and water cooling is corrected, storage；Milling carries out in milling machine, and grinding carries out in grinding machine, and cutting carries out in sawing machine, and correction carries out in straightening machine；Vacuum heat treatment carries out in vacuum nitriding furnace, and specific steps include: weighing, surface clean, shove charge of classifying, setting formula, quenching, tempering, comprehensive test.Production procedure of the present invention is reasonable, and cost control is proper, and product qualification rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mold manufacturing technology fields, more specifically, it is related to a kind of mold production technology.
Background technique
Mold be in a kind of industrial production to be molded, be blow molded, squeeze out, die casting or forging and forming, smelting, punching press, stretching
The methods of obtain the various moulds and tool of required product.There are many type of mold, and the structure of every kind of mold, requirement, purposes are not
Together, they have specific production process.But for same category of mold, production process has the characteristics that general character.Mould
Tool mainly realizes the processing of article shape by the change of physical state of the formed material, and therefore, the production of mold is necessary
Plasticity with height, to guarantee the adaptability of mold.But current mold production technology haves the defects that certain, technique
Process is complicated, cannot monitor manufacturing process in real time, be easy to cause overprocessing；The die life produced is not high, hardness
It is not high, it is easily damaged.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and production procedure is reasonable, and cost control is proper, and the mold produced makes
It with service life height, is hardly damaged, qualification rate is high.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of mold production technology, specific steps include: blank cutting, and milling is ground, cutting, vacuum heat treatment, cutting, water
It is cold, it corrects, storage；Milling carries out in milling machine, and grinding carries out in grinding machine, and cutting carries out in sawing machine, corrects in straightening machine
Interior progress；Vacuum heat treatment carries out in vacuum nitriding furnace, and specific steps include: weighing, surface clean, shove charge of classifying, setting
Formula quenches, tempering, comprehensive test.
Further, the specific steps of quenching include: preheating, are heated, cooling；
The step of preheating includes: according to mold complexity and depth information, and selection carries out 2-3 preheating, preheating insulation time
It is subject to mold center portion or close to fire box temperature；Mold center portion is denoted as Tc close to fire box temperature, and Tc value changes with heating time,
Need real-time monitoring；Preheating includes preheating in the Ith stage, the preheating of the IIth stage；Ith stage hankered in advance, and 150- may be selected in heating rate
It 210 DEG C/h, is warming up to the first holding temperature Ta=650 DEG C and is kept the temperature, whens Ta-Tc≤30 DEG C can enter next stage；IIth
Stage preheating, heating rate may be selected 120-150 DEG C/h, be warming up to the second holding temperature Tb=850 DEG C and kept the temperature, and Tb-Tc≤
The heating period can be entered at 10 DEG C；
Heating stepses include: heating rate select 10 ~ 15 DEG C/minute, be warming up to third holding temperature Td and kept the temperature, when Td-Tc=
Start to calculate soaking time at 10 DEG C, after 80% that total time is kept the temperature under third holding temperature, is warming up to the 4th holding temperature guarantor
Temperature remaining 20% time generally keeps the temperature 1 minute using the every 2mm of workpiece effective thickness in soaking time and calculates；
Cooling step: quenching cooling gas N2 pressure selection can be selected according to mold thickness and complexity, generally answer >=
9bar, can reduction pressure appropriate when being cooled to 500 DEG C；In the case where guaranteeing that workpiece is indeformable and indehiscent situation, as far as possible
Good metallographic structure is obtained to improve workpiece cooling capacity using high pressure；Mold can be used continuous cold but also can use
Isothermal quenching is cooling, can come out of the stove when mold is cooled to 150 DEG C air-cooled, and mold should shove charge immediately time when being air-cooled to >=70 DEG C
Fire.
Further, vacuum heat treatment hardening step step includes charging, is quenched into stove heating, three steps of coming out of the stove:
Charging procedure includes: the material of range estimation workpiece to be processed, size, shape, cleanliness；By the oil of basket workpiece remaining to be installed
Dirt, the moisture rag wiped clean for being stained with alcohol；If workpiece is drilled with hole, iron filings remaining in hole are blown off with high pressure air rifle, so
It is cleaned afterwards with rag, dangerous hole is blocked with asbestos；There is the position at inclination angle to be bandaged with asbestos workpiece, to prevent opening
It splits；The workpiece of simple shape but the thick big and more difficult through hardening of body is successively placed on charging basket surrounding, complex-shaped person and thin-wall part are set
In the middle part of charging basket, small micro workpiece is installed with dedicated corbie basket and is placed among charging basket；
Including: workpiece into stove heating quenching Step first checks aerobic road air pressure (0.5-0.7MPa) after opening power supply into stokehold,
Whether water route hydraulic pressure (0.1-0.15MPa) and nitrogen pressure meet the requirements, and whether each water pump and valve are in designated state, electricity
Whether source circuit and the operation of each control instrument are normal, if there is different shape, need to exclude immediately, all go well the openable fire door in rear；It beats
Blow-on behind the door, checks whether each heating element is normal in furnace, if there is unusual condition, should repair immediately in advance；At nominal conditions,
The residue inside burner hearth and around fire door is cleaned out with dust with high pressure air rifle；The charging basket of workpiece will be installed with vehicle special
It is sent into burner hearth at leisure, drops to it smoothly in furnace on siege；Then truck is slowly exited, fire door is closed；Starter motor
Tool pump, starts evacuation valve later, when vacuum degree is not higher than 500Pa, opens lobe pump；Then when vacuum degree is not higher than 5Pa
Heater switch is opened, makes it by the process operation heating being pre-designed, user of service should perform processing quality record；
Step of coming out of the stove includes: when temperature instrumentation is shown as 40 DEG C or so, and Lian Su presses twice button " in advance " and stops blower, is terminated
Cooling procedure opens vent valve at this time, makes furnace pressure and atmospheric equilibrium；Then fire door release button is pressed, to furnace pressure
After atmospheric equilibrium, fire door is opened, workpiece is taken out with truck, is then turned off fire door；Workpiece hardness is detected, it is different according to workpiece
Hardness requirement is installed with different charging baskets respectively, and big part is under, and upper, thin-walled and elongate articles vertically install smallclothes, must not be by
Pressure successively performs layered water flood well after quenching and records after installing, and photo archive.
Further, it is tempered after workpiece quenching three times, special requirement person is tempered four times, and tempering temperature is 560-640 DEG C, tool
Body is according to following principle temperature: determining that first time tempering temperature is tempered according to the difference of material category；According to hardness
It is required that determining second of tempering temperature；Third time tempering carries out hardness adjustment, if hardness is qualified, the temperature of third time tempering
It is first -30 DEG C of double tempering maximum temperature；Soaking time keeps the temperature one hour by the every 25mm of workpiece effective thickness and calculates, and at least guarantees
4 hours soaking times.
Further, the step of tempering include: according to the material of workpiece in basket, workpiece size size and dress basket total weight and
The technical requirements of workpiece design tempering process, and the heat (batch) number of specified tempering equipment, operate execution by producers, quenching part is come out of the stove
Through carrying out first time tempering immediately after the assay was approved；With " doing hard " for principle, temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C for tempering for the first time；Time root
How much adjusted in range at 8-14 hours according to workpiece size and dress basket；It is placed it in after coming out of the stove and starts wind on storage rack special
Machine carries out air-cooled；Cold workpiece carries out hardness sampling observation after first time is tempered, and then carries out second with the principle of " settling "
Secondary tempering is required to design corresponding tempering process and on-the-spot guidance produces people by technological design personnel according to workpiece actual hardness
Member's operation executes；Its temperature determines that the time is 1.2-1.3 times of first time tempering time generally within the scope of 580-630 DEG C, returns
Fire knot east after equally carry out it is air-cooled, producers perform simultaneously processing quality record；Cold workpiece after second is tempered
Hardness sampling observation is carried out, third time tempering is then carried out by producers with the principle of " doing "；Technique is by technological design personnel's root
Hardness Design after being tempered according to second is formulated, and tempering temperature is generally adjusted within the scope of 10-30 DEG C lower than last time tempering temperature
Whole determination, time are 1.2-1.3 times of second of tempering time, take out after heating and carry out air-cooled or natural cooling, production
Personnel perform processing quality record simultaneously；It is being designed if any especially thick big workpiece and the excessive person of batch, technological design work person
When technique, each tempering insulation time will be accordingly appropriately extended；Be tempered every time into stokehold, producers must check first equipment and
Whether the operation of its instrument is normal, and whether sealing performance is intact, if there is unusual condition, it is necessary to exclude immediately；Then bell is opened, it will
Charging basket equipped with workpiece is put into burner hearth at leisure, is covered immediately and is locked bell；It, can be in instrument by i.e. after all are intact
Determine technique initialization temperature, starts fan, blow-on heating；When temperature rises to 500 DEG C or so, by 60-80 drop/point be added methanol,
It is allowed to generate protective gas；In drawing process, the relevant personnel want frequent observation device and instrument operation conditions；If any different
Often, it excludes immediately, until tempering terminates.
Further, comprehensive test includes: to be tested using Rockwell apparatus or portable hardometer to hardness；Use knife
Mouth ruler, clearance gauge, vernier caliper examine deflection；Using visually being examined with the method that combines of flaw detection agent flaw detection to appearance
It tests；When comprehensive test is unqualified, annealing is done over again.
Advantage is the present invention compared with prior art:
1, process is simpler, and the equipment used is mostly numerically controlled lathe, and process is controllable, reduces production cost.
2, it tests after quenching, exercises supervision to the quality of processing, heat treatment procedure later is adjusted in time
It is whole；Hardness is redeterminated after being tempered each time, monitors processing quality in real time, is guaranteed that finished product die hardness is qualified, is extended mold
Service life.
3, mold is corrected before outbound, guarantees precision.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes part of this application, this hair
Bright illustrative embodiments and their description are used to explain the present invention, and are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of mold production technological process of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of mold production technology vacuum heat treatment flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of mold production technology milling machine schematic diagram of the present invention；
It is marked in figure: milling machine 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of mold production technology, specific steps include: blank cutting, and milling is ground, cutting,
Destressing processing, vacuum heat treatment, cutting, water cooling are corrected, storage.Raw material are cut in blank cutting, obtain being suitable for machine
The mold block of tool processing.Milling includes a milling, secondary milling, three times milling；Milling carries out surface to blank raw material
Roughing, secondary Milling Process molding hole, milling finishes mold three times, by milling machine operation three times, obtains essence
Spend satisfactory mold.Mold at this time is provided with the hole slot of requirement, is ground after this, and the surface roughness of mold is made
It meets the requirements.Mold is tentatively completed, and is cut to mold at this time, and smaller mold block is obtained, and is adapted to carry out
Heat treatment.The stress that machining generates is eliminated in destressing processing, prevents the mechanical strength for influencing mold.Vacuum heat treatment improves
The hardness of mold carries out last time cutting to mold after this, and obtained mold is finished form, carries out water to mold
It is cold, and be corrected using straightening machine, to obtain qualified mold.Milling carries out in milling machine 1, grinding in grinding machine into
Row, cutting carry out in sawing machine, and correction carries out in straightening machine.Milling machine 1, grinding machine, sawing machine are numerically-controlled machine tool, to guarantee to process
Precision；Straightening machine is to manually control, easy to adjustment in time.
Wherein, destressing processing specific steps include: weighing, and surface clean is examined, shove charge tempering.Surface clean be for
Degrease equal impurity, influences tempering effect；Inspection is that the hardness for being directed to die blank and appearance are tested, if occurring different
Often, processing is re-started, to guarantee the qualification rate of mold.Vacuum heat treatment carries out in vacuum nitriding furnace, specific steps packet
Include: weighing, surface clean, shove charge of classifying set formula, quench, tempering, comprehensive test.Needed after quenching examine hardness, deformation,
Appearance；Sampling observation deformation and appearance after tempering.If noting abnormalities, heat treatment is re-started, until it is completely qualified, guarantee mould from source
Has the reliable and efficiency of production.Vacuum nitriding furnace have it is increasingly automated, by set formula, can automatical and efficient completion work
Make.
Preferably, the specific steps of quenching include: preheating, heat, it is cooling.The step of preheating includes: according to mold
Complexity and depth information, selection carry out 2-3 time and preheat, and the preheating insulation time is with mold center portion or close to fire box temperature
Standard, field condition are often changed due to the influence of environment, therefore soaking time and the number of preheating need real-time update,
To guarantee pre-heat effect.Mold center portion is denoted as Tc close to fire box temperature, and Tc value changes with heating time, needs real-time monitoring；In advance
Heat includes preheating in the Ith stage, the preheating of the IIth stage；Ith stage hankered in advance, and 150-210 DEG C/h may be selected in heating rate, was warming up to
First holding temperature Ta=650 DEG C are kept the temperature, and whens Ta-Tc≤30 DEG C can enter next stage；The preheating of IIth stage, heating speed
Spend and 120-150 DEG C/h may be selected, be warming up to the second holding temperature Tb=850 DEG C and kept the temperature, can enter when Tb-Tc≤10 DEG C plus
The hot stage.Preheating is divided into two stages, so that the rising of temperature is more steady, guarantees pre-heat effect, is next heating rank
Section metal phasic property variation provides basis.
Heating stepses include: that heating rate selects 10 ~ 15 DEG C/minute, are warming up to third holding temperature Td and are kept the temperature, when
Start to calculate soaking time when Td-Tc=10 DEG C, after 80% that total time is kept the temperature under third holding temperature, is warming up to the 4th heat preservation
Temperature remaining 20% time generally keeps the temperature 1 minute using the every 2mm of workpiece effective thickness in soaking time and calculates.But due to
Batch and stove situation are different, therefore in heating period and cooling stage using K-type thermocouple insertion workpiece center portion and surface
The depths lower 16mm, directly detection workpiece true temperature, and determine that soaking time is more objective reliable accordingly.
Cooling step: quenching cooling gas N2 pressure selection can be selected according to mold thickness and complexity, generally answer >=
9bar (i.e. cooling velocity preferably should >=50 DEG C/minute), can reduction pressure appropriate when being cooled to 500 DEG C.Pass through this side
Formula guarantees quenching effect, while save the cost.In the case where guaranteeing that workpiece is indeformable and indehiscent situation, high pressure is used as far as possible
Power obtains good metallographic structure to improve workpiece cooling capacity；Mold can be used continuous cold but also can be classified using isothermal
Quenching cooling, can come out of the stove air-cooled when mold is cooled to 150 DEG C, and mold should the tempering of shove charge immediately when being air-cooled to >=70 DEG C.Thus
So that metallographic is stablized on required austenite.
Preferably, vacuum heat treatment hardening step step includes charging, quenched into stove heating, three steps of coming out of the stove.
Charging procedure includes: the material of range estimation workpiece to be processed, size, shape, cleanliness；To the workpiece for having obvious quenching risk,
Whether must understand fully in advance by " risk assessment ", if by assessment, should especially special treatment, be prudent in dealing with；If without commenting
Estimate, reports.This is the safety in order to guarantee production, ensures the life security of producers.By basket workpiece remaining to be installed
Greasy dirt, the moisture rag wiped clean for being stained with alcohol；If workpiece is drilled with hole, iron filings remaining in hole are blown off with high pressure air rifle,
Then it is cleaned with rag, dangerous hole is blocked with asbestos.This is pollutant effect heat-treatment quenching effect in order to prevent,
Meanwhile it and preventing from causing greasy dirt etc. is on fire to lead to accident when quenching.
There is the position at inclination angle to be bandaged with asbestos workpiece, with crack resistence.By simple shape but body is thick big and more difficult quench
Saturating workpiece is successively placed on charging basket surrounding, and complex-shaped person and thin-wall part are placed in the middle part of charging basket, the dedicated corbie basket of small micro workpiece
It installs and is placed among charging basket, such arrangement guarantees heated uniformity, enables each workpiece as far as possible while arriving
Up to the degree of heat treatment.When charging, gap appropriate is kept between workpiece, is uprightly stood firm, must not mutual extrusion, prevent from being heated
It is uneven to influence quenching effect.Wherein, 8814 type vacuum drying oven maximum batches must not exceed 1.6 tons, and 669 vacuum drying ovens must not exceed
0.7 ton, this is that unknowable danger occurs beyond capacity in order to prevent.Charging finishes, and performs the material of filled each client, part
Several and shove charge total weight statistics and record, and photo archive, have access to when facilitating.
Including: workpiece into stove heating quenching Step first checks aerobic road air pressure (0.5- after opening power supply into stokehold
0.7MPa), whether water route hydraulic pressure (0.1-0.15MPa) and nitrogen pressure meet the requirements, and whether each water pump and valve are in finger
Determine state, whether power circuit and the operation of each control instrument are normal, if there is different shape, need to exclude, can beat immediately after all going well
Blow-on door.Precheck excludes hidden danger, guarantees safety in production.After opening fire door, check whether just each heating element in furnace in advance
Often, it if there is unusual condition, should repair immediately.At nominal conditions, with high pressure air rifle by the residue inside burner hearth and around fire door
It is cleaned out with dust, in order to avoid cause danger during heating.The charging basket for installing workpiece is sent at leisure with vehicle special
In burner hearth, drop to it smoothly in furnace on siege；Then truck is slowly exited, fire door is closed；Start mechanical pump, opens later
Dynamic evacuation valve opens lobe pump when vacuum degree is not higher than 500Pa.Then heating is opened when vacuum degree is not higher than 5Pa to open
It closes, makes it by the process operation heating being pre-designed, user of service should perform processing quality record.Related producers want
Whether the operating condition of observation device incessantly, three-phase voltage or electric current balance, and whether temperature presses setting process stabilizing heating
Or heat preservation；Whether gas circuit air pressure is maintained within the scope of 0.5-0.7MPa；Whether nitrogen pressure is in 0.8MPa or so, and water route is when pressure
Whether stable within the scope of 01-0.15MPa, water temperature must not be higher than 35 DEG C before quenching, and 40 DEG C must not be higher than when quenching；If having different
Reason condition should be handled in time, and perform equipment log at any time, until quenching finishes.Personnel keep a close eye on the above parameter, protect
The safety of card quenching work carries out, while parameter keeps stabilization to can guarantee that mold satisfactions such as hardness after vacuum hot-working are wanted
It asks, improves production efficiency.
Step of coming out of the stove includes: when temperature instrumentation is shown as 40 DEG C or so, and Lian Su presses twice button " in advance " and stops blower,
Terminate cooling procedure, opens vent valve at this time, make furnace pressure and atmospheric equilibrium, fire door release button is then pressed, in furnace
After pressure and atmospheric equilibrium, fire door is opened, workpiece is taken out with truck, is then turned off fire door；If furnace pressure and atmospheric pressure are not
Balance opens fire door by force, will lead to fire door pop-up, hurts operator.Workpiece hardness is detected, according to different hard of workpiece
Degree requires, and is installed respectively with different charging baskets, and big part is under, and upper, thin-walled and elongate articles vertically install smallclothes, must not be pressurized,
Such mode protects workpiece not to be extruded, and avoids scratch and deformation.Layered water flood well after quenching successively is performed after installing to record, and is clapped
According to archive；It when packing, exams piece by piece and whether deforms, if there is deformation, correct immediately；Workpiece is tempered immediately after dispensing, must not
It stops.
Preferably, being tempered after workpiece quenching three times, special requirement person is tempered four times, and tempering temperature is 560-640 DEG C,
Specifically according to following principle temperature: determining that first time tempering temperature is tempered according to the difference of material category；According to hard
Degree requires to determine second of tempering temperature；Third time tempering carries out hardness adjustment, if hardness is qualified, the temperature of third time tempering
Degree is first -30 DEG C of double tempering maximum temperature；Soaking time keeps the temperature one hour by the every 25mm of workpiece effective thickness and calculates, and at least protects
4 hours soaking times of card.The number and temperature of tempering are adjusted according to actual processing, to obtain best tempering effect
Fruit, while avoiding repetition processing, waste of resource.
Preferably, the step of tempering includes: according to the material of workpiece in basket, workpiece size size and dress basket total weight
Tempering process, and the heat (batch) number of specified tempering equipment are designed with the technical requirements of workpiece, operates execution by producers, quenching part goes out
Furnace through carrying out first time tempering immediately after the assay was approved.In the case where process process determines, technical staff can be according to scene
Design parameter is adjusted flexibly in the condition of production, improves working efficiency, reduces production cost.It is tempered for the first time with " doing hard " as principle,
Temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C；How much time adjusted in range at 8-14 hours according to workpiece size and dress basket." doing hard " principle mentions
The hardness of high mold is criterion.It is placed it in after coming out of the stove and starts blower on storage rack special, carried out air-cooled.First time is tempered
Cold workpiece carries out hardness sampling observation afterwards, then carries out second with the principle of " settling " and is tempered, by technological design personnel's root
It requires to design corresponding tempering process according to workpiece actual hardness and on-the-spot guidance producers operates and execute." settling " principle is
Refer to through this double tempering, is mould shape.Its temperature determines that the time is to be tempered for the first time generally within the scope of 580-630 DEG C
1.2-1.3 times of time, tempering knot east after equally carry out it is air-cooled, producers perform simultaneously processing quality record；It will be second
Cold workpiece carries out hardness sampling observation after tempering, then carries out third time tempering by producers with the principle of " doing ".It " does
Principle refers to after being tempered three times thoroughly ", and the metallographic variation of mould inside is thoroughly stabilized in the form of needs.Technique is by technological design
Hardness Design after personnel are tempered according to second is formulated, and tempering temperature is generally in 10-30 DEG C of model for being lower than last time tempering temperature
It encloses interior adjustment to determine, the time is 1.2-1.3 times of second of tempering time, and it is air-cooled or naturally cold that progress is taken out after heating
But, producers perform processing quality record simultaneously；If any especially thick big workpiece and the excessive person of batch, technological design work person
In design technology, each tempering insulation time will be accordingly appropriately extended；It is tempered every time into stokehold, producers must check first
Whether equipment and its instrument operation are normal, and whether sealing performance is intact, if there is unusual condition, it is necessary to exclude immediately；Then it opens
Charging basket equipped with workpiece is put into burner hearth at leisure, covers immediately and lock bell by bell；It, can be in instrument after all are intact
By technique initialization temperature is determined on table, start fan, blow-on heating；When temperature rises to 500 DEG C or so, by 60-80 drop/point plus
Enter methanol, is allowed to generate protective gas；In drawing process, the relevant personnel want frequent observation device and instrument operation conditions；
It if any exception, excludes immediately, until tempering terminates.Workpiece can generate internal stress after quenching, by tempering, internal stress
It eliminates, the comprehensive mechanical property of mold rises.
Preferably, comprehensive test is the complete examination to carrying out after the completion of vacuum heat treatment, specifically include: using Lip river
Family name's hardometer or portable hardometer test to hardness；Using knife-edge ruler, clearance gauge, vernier caliper examines deflection；Using
Visually test with the method that flaw detection agent flaw detection combines to appearance.In addition to this, also requirement should be specified to work by client
Part is tested.It is worth noting that vacuum goes out if to detect hardness after workpiece quenching using 2316 mould steel
Furnace color exception will detect hardness；When comprehensive test is unqualified, annealing is done over again.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
Member, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make several improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
In the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of mold production technology, which is characterized in that specific steps include: blank cutting, and milling is ground, cutting, Vacuum Heat
Processing, cutting, water cooling are corrected, storage；Milling carries out in milling machine, and grinding carries out in grinding machine, and cutting carries out in sawing machine,
Correction carries out in straightening machine；Vacuum heat treatment carries out in vacuum nitriding furnace, and specific steps include: weighing, and surface clean is divided
Class shove charge sets formula, quenches, tempering, comprehensive test.
2. a kind of mold production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the specific steps of quenching include: preheating,
Heating, it is cooling；
The step of preheating includes: according to mold complexity and depth information, and selection carries out 2-3 preheating, preheating insulation time
It is subject to mold center portion or close to fire box temperature；Mold center portion is denoted as Tc close to fire box temperature, and Tc value changes with heating time,
Need real-time monitoring；Preheating includes preheating in the Ith stage, the preheating of the IIth stage；Ith stage hankered in advance, and 150- may be selected in heating rate
It 210 DEG C/h, is warming up to the first holding temperature Ta=650 DEG C and is kept the temperature, whens Ta-Tc≤30 DEG C can enter next stage；IIth
Stage preheating, heating rate may be selected 120-150 DEG C/h, be warming up to the second holding temperature Tb=850 DEG C and kept the temperature, and Tb-Tc≤
The heating period can be entered at 10 DEG C；
Heating stepses include: heating rate select 10 ~ 15 DEG C/minute, be warming up to third holding temperature Td and kept the temperature, when Td-Tc=
Start to calculate soaking time at 10 DEG C, after 80% that total time is kept the temperature under third holding temperature, is warming up to the 4th holding temperature guarantor
Temperature remaining 20% time generally keeps the temperature 1 minute using the every 2mm of workpiece effective thickness in soaking time and calculates；
Cooling step: quenching cooling gas N2 pressure selection can be selected according to mold thickness and complexity, generally answer >=
9bar, can reduction pressure appropriate when being cooled to 500 DEG C；In the case where guaranteeing that workpiece is indeformable and indehiscent situation, as far as possible
Good metallographic structure is obtained to improve workpiece cooling capacity using high pressure；Mold can be used continuous cold but also can use
Isothermal quenching is cooling, can come out of the stove when mold is cooled to 150 DEG C air-cooled, and mold should shove charge immediately time when being air-cooled to >=70 DEG C
Fire.
3. a kind of mold production technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: vacuum heat treatment hardening step step packet
Charging is included, is quenched into stove heating, three steps of coming out of the stove:
Charging procedure includes: the material of range estimation workpiece to be processed, size, shape, cleanliness；By the oil of basket workpiece remaining to be installed
Dirt, the moisture rag wiped clean for being stained with alcohol；If workpiece is drilled with hole, iron filings remaining in hole are blown off with high pressure air rifle, so
It is cleaned afterwards with rag, dangerous hole is blocked with asbestos；There is the position at inclination angle to be bandaged with asbestos workpiece, to prevent opening
It splits；The workpiece of simple shape but the thick big and more difficult through hardening of body is successively placed on charging basket surrounding, complex-shaped person and thin-wall part are set
In the middle part of charging basket, small micro workpiece is installed with dedicated corbie basket and is placed among charging basket；
Including: workpiece into stove heating quenching Step first checks aerobic road air pressure (0.5-0.7MPa) after opening power supply into stokehold,
Whether water route hydraulic pressure (0.1-0.15MPa) and nitrogen pressure meet the requirements, and whether each water pump and valve are in designated state, electricity
Whether source circuit and the operation of each control instrument are normal, if there is different shape, need to exclude immediately, all go well the openable fire door in rear；It beats
Blow-on behind the door, checks whether each heating element is normal in furnace, if there is unusual condition, should repair immediately in advance；At nominal conditions,
The residue inside burner hearth and around fire door is cleaned out with dust with high pressure air rifle；The charging basket of workpiece will be installed with vehicle special
It is sent into burner hearth at leisure, drops to it smoothly in furnace on siege；Then truck is slowly exited, fire door is closed；Starter motor
Tool pump, starts evacuation valve later, when vacuum degree is not higher than 500Pa, opens lobe pump；Then when vacuum degree is not higher than 5Pa
Heater switch is opened, makes it by the process operation heating being pre-designed, user of service should perform processing quality record；
Step of coming out of the stove includes: when temperature instrumentation is shown as 40 DEG C or so, and Lian Su presses twice button " in advance " and stops blower, is terminated
Cooling procedure opens vent valve at this time, makes furnace pressure and atmospheric equilibrium；Then fire door release button is pressed, to furnace pressure
After atmospheric equilibrium, fire door is opened, workpiece is taken out with truck, is then turned off fire door；Workpiece hardness is detected, it is different according to workpiece
Hardness requirement is installed with different charging baskets respectively, and big part is under, and upper, thin-walled and elongate articles vertically install smallclothes, must not be by
Pressure successively performs layered water flood well after quenching and records after installing, and photo archive.
4. a kind of mold production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be tempered after workpiece quenching three times, especially
Claimer is tempered four times, and tempering temperature is 560-640 DEG C, specifically according to following principle temperature: not according to material category
It is tempered with determining first time tempering temperature；Second of tempering temperature is determined according to hardness requirement；Third time tempering carries out hard
Degree adjustment, if hardness is qualified, the temperature of third time tempering is first -30 DEG C of double tempering maximum temperature；Soaking time presses work
The every 25mm of part effective thickness keeps the temperature one hour and calculates, and at least guarantees 4 hours soaking times.
5. a kind of mold production technology according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step of tempering includes: according in basket
The material of workpiece, workpiece size size and dress basket total weight and the technical requirements of workpiece design tempering process, and specified tempering is set
Standby heat (batch) number operates execution by producers, and quenching part is come out of the stove through carrying out first time tempering immediately after the assay was approved；It returns for the first time
For fire with " doing hard " for principle, temperature is 500 ± 5 DEG C；How much time adjusted in range at 8-14 hours according to workpiece size and dress basket
It is whole；It is placed it in after coming out of the stove and starts blower on storage rack special, carried out air-cooled；After being tempered for the first time cold workpiece into
Then the sampling observation of row hardness carries out second with the principle of " settling " and is tempered, wanted by technological design personnel according to workpiece actual hardness
It asks and designs corresponding tempering process and on-the-spot guidance producers operation execution；Its temperature is generally within the scope of 580-630 DEG C
It determines, the time is 1.2-1.3 times of first time tempering time, equally carries out air-cooled after tempering knot is eastern, and producers perform simultaneously
Processing quality record；Cold workpiece carries out hardness sampling observation after second is tempered, then with the principle of " doing " by producing
Personnel carry out third time tempering；Hardness Design after technique is tempered by technological design personnel according to second is formulated, tempering temperature
It generally adjusts and determines within the scope of 10-30 DEG C lower than last time tempering temperature, the time is the 1.2-1.3 of second of tempering time
Times, it is taken out after heating and carries out air-cooled or natural cooling, producers perform processing quality record simultaneously；If any especially thick big
Workpiece and the excessive person of batch, in design technology, each tempering insulation time will accordingly be appropriately extended technological design work person；
It being tempered every time into stokehold, producers must check whether equipment and its instrument operation are normal, and whether sealing performance is intact first, if
There is unusual condition, it is necessary to exclude immediately；Then bell is opened, the charging basket equipped with workpiece is put into burner hearth at leisure, is covered immediately
It gets well and locks bell；After all are intact, fan, blow-on heating can be started in instrument by technique initialization temperature is determined；Work as temperature
When degree rises to 500 DEG C or so, by 60-80 drop/point addition methanol, it is allowed to generate protective gas；In drawing process, related people
Member wants frequent observation device and instrument operation conditions；It if any exception, excludes immediately, until tempering terminates.
6. a kind of mold production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: comprehensive test includes: hard using Rockwell
Degree meter or portable hardometer test to hardness；Using knife-edge ruler, clearance gauge, vernier caliper examines deflection；Using visual
It tests with the method that flaw detection agent flaw detection combines to appearance；When comprehensive test is unqualified, annealing is done over again.
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| CN117821730A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-04-05 | 宁波久生模具科技有限公司 | Die heat treatment method |
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