CN109623352A - A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device having high bonding strength characteristic - Google Patents
A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device having high bonding strength characteristic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109623352A CN109623352A CN201811591252.0A CN201811591252A CN109623352A CN 109623352 A CN109623352 A CN 109623352A CN 201811591252 A CN201811591252 A CN 201811591252A CN 109623352 A CN109623352 A CN 109623352A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- component
- bolt
- tighten
- bolts
- reinforcement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields of tools for bolts ' pretension device, and disclose a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic.Including bolt reinforcement component, connection component, nut check component and digital display component, bolt reinforcement component includes jointed gear unit and gear drive, gear drive increases torque as deceleration mechanism, and external force is passed to jointed gear unit and its lid is moved up by gear drive；Bolt reinforcement component is connect by connection component with the bolt wait pre-tighten on component drives the bolt wait pre-tighten on component to move upwards when lid moves up；Nut check component locks after the bolt wait pre-tighten on component moves upwards and realizes preload wait pre-tighten the nut on component；Digital display component is for detecting the pulling force and display that the bolt on component to be predicted is subject to.Through the invention, realize under the premise of not changing bolt material intensity, increase be bolted intensity, suitable for bridge, rail, high pressure and extra-high tension unit bolt connection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of tools for bolts ' pretension device, have high bonding strength characteristic more particularly, to one kind
Tools for bolts ' pretension device.
Background technique
Existing spanner type has fork spanner, double offset ring spanner, combination wrenches, adjustable wrench, hook spanner, box spanner, interior six
Angle spanner etc..Working principle is all to make to generate normal pressure between connected piece by screwing bolts.During screwing, bolt
Effect by the moment of friction T between the pretightning force F generated by tightening nut and screw thread.Wherein
λ is lift angle, ρvFor equivalent friction angle, d is central diameter.
Pretightning force F makes to generate tensile stress sigma on bolt dangerouse cross-section, and moment of friction T, which then makes to generate on bolt dangerouse cross-section, to be cut
Stress τ.According to fourth strength theory, two kinds of stress can be indicated with a kind of equivalent tensile stress.For the plain bolt of M10~M68,
Functioning as moment of friction makes tensile load increase 30%, i.e. equivalent stress suffered by bolt[σ] is the allowable stress of bolt, then [σ] >=1.3 σ, it can be seen that pretightning force F is in bolt
The tensile stress of upper effectI.e. pretightning force cannot reach the ultimate tension that bolt can bear, so that the performance of bolt does not have
There is complete performance.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, has high bonding strength characteristic the present invention provides a kind of
Tools for bolts ' pretension device, wherein the action principle of the moment of friction during joint bolt and nut check between pretightning force and screw thread and
Theory analysis has re-started design to the composition construction of entire pre-tightening apparatus, and emphasis is for the specific of bolt reinforcement component
Structure and set-up mode make improvements, so that bolt is not acted on by moment of friction when screwing bolts, pretightning force can reach bolt institute
The ultimate tension that can be born, so that the performance of bolt is brought into play completely；And when unscrewing bolt, bolt is not by frictional force
Square effect is played the role of protecting bolt.
To achieve the above object, it is proposed, according to the invention, a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic is provided,
It is characterized in that, the device includes bolt reinforcement component, connection component, nut check component and digital display component, wherein
The bolt reinforcement component is arranged on the connection component, including jointed gear unit and gear drive,
The side of the jointed gear unit is arranged in the gear drive, and one end of the gear drive is provided with rotation hand
Handle, the gear drive is as deceleration mechanism, for increasing the torque for being applied to external force in the rotating handle, other end
It being connect with the jointed gear unit, the jointed gear unit includes lid and the connecting rod that is arranged at left and right sides of the lid,
The connecting rod includes upper connecting rod and passes through rotation pin lower link connected to it, and the transmission mechanism is applied in institute by screw rod
In the rotation pin for stating the connecting rod of the left and right sides, the company of the jointed gear unit and the gear drive is realized with this
It connecing, external force rotates the rotating handle, the external force is passed to by the jointed gear unit by the gear drive,
So that the rotation pin of two sides is made the lid under the action of connecting rod of the two sides by axial force in the link mechanism
Body moves up；
The connection component is used to for the bolt reinforcement component connect with the bolt wait pre-tighten on component when the lid
The bolt wait pre-tighten on component is driven to move upwards when moving up；
The nut check component is described to be somebody's turn to do wait pre-tighten on component for connecting with the nut wait pre-tighten on component
After bolt moves upwards, nut check component locking is described wait pre-tighten the nut on component, realizes component to be pre-tightened with this
It pre-tightens；
The digital display component is used to detect the pulling force being subject to when the bolt on the component to be predicted moves upwards, and should
Pulling force is shown.
It is further preferred that the connection component includes shell and reinforcement sleeve, the shell and the bolt reinforcement group
Part, the reinforcement sleeve with to which the bolt wait pre-tighten on component connect.
It is further preferred that the side of the connection component, including knob, active is arranged in the nut check component
Wheel, idle pulley, ring gear and ut socket, the knob and driving wheel are arranged outside the connection component, the idle pulley, ring gear and spiral shell
Mother sleeve is arranged inside the connection component, and the ring gear is arranged on the ut socket, rotates the knob and drives institute
Driving wheel rotation is stated, which engages with the idle pulley, and the idle pulley engages to drive the nut set with the ring gear
Cylinder rotation, so that the nut of component to be pre-tightened rotates, the locking of the nut is realized with this.
It is further preferred that be provided with hand rotary sleeve below the lid, for the reinforcement sleeve connection, pass through
The hand rotary sleeve is rotated to be tightly connected the bolt lock of the reinforcement sleeve and the component to be pre-tightened.
It is further preferred that the digital display component includes display screen, foil gauge, amplifying circuit and power supply, the display screen
It is arranged on the lid, the foil gauge is arranged on the reinforcement sleeve, and the amplifying circuit and power supply are arranged described
Inside connection component.
In general, it is according to the invention above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, it is excellent mainly to have technology below
Point:
1, the present invention is former by the effect of the moment of friction during joint bolt and nut check between pretightning force and screw thread
Reason and theory analysis have re-started design to the composition construction of entire pre-tightening apparatus, and emphasis is for bolt reinforcement component
Specific structure and set-up mode make improvements, so that bolt is not acted on by moment of friction when screwing bolts, pretightning force can reach spiral shell
The ultimate tension that bolt can bear, so that the performance of bolt is brought into play completely；And when unscrewing bolt, bolt is not rubbed
Moment loading is wiped, plays the role of protecting bolt；
2, apparatus structure provided by the invention is simple, easy to operate, under the premise of not changing bolt material intensity, can make
It is existing be bolted intensity increase by 30%, suitable for bridge, rail, high pressure and extra-high tension unit bolt connection；
3, device provided by the invention is different from traditional tools for bolts ' pretension device to the method for tools for bolts ' pretension, and conventional bolt is pre-
Tight device is by direct rotating nuts to tools for bolts ' pretension, and the device is then first tensile bolt, is reached after required pretightning force again
Tightening nut eliminates influence of the moment of friction to bolt strength.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for having the tools for bolts ' pretension device of high bonding strength characteristic constructed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the explosive view for having the tools for bolts ' pretension device of high bonding strength characteristic constructed by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is according to shell mechanism schematic diagram constructed by the present invention.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is used to denote the same element or structure, in which:
1- display screen 2- lid the first pin of 3- 4- connecting rod 5- rotates pin 6- shell 7- knob 8- driving wheel
The small centre wheel of 9- idler shaft 10- idle pulley 11- hand rotary sleeve 12- retaining ring 13- screw rod 14- screw sleeve 15- bull gear 16-
17- planetary gear 18- planet wheel spindle 19- planet carrier 20- rotating handle 21- third pin 22- reinforcement sleeve 23- foil gauge
Nut 29- pad on bolt 28- component to be pre-tightened on 24- ring gear 25- ut socket 26- lower cover 27- component to be pre-tightened
Circle 30- waits for preload piece
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for having the tools for bolts ' pretension device of high bonding strength characteristic constructed by the present invention,
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic, including bolt reinforcement component, connection component, nut
Locking assembly and digital display component.
Fig. 2 is the explosive view for having the tools for bolts ' pretension device of high bonding strength characteristic constructed by the present invention, such as Fig. 2
It is shown, it is provided on component 30 to be pre-tightened wait pre-tighten the bolt 27 on component, wait pre-tighten nut 28 and washer 29 on component.
Bolt reinforcement component includes jointed gear unit and gear drive, and jointed gear unit includes lid 2, first
Pin 3, connecting rod 4, rotation pin 5, hand rotary sleeve 11, gear drive include retaining ring 12, screw rod 13, screw sleeve 14, big
Gear ring 15, small centre wheel 16, planetary gear 17, planet wheel spindle 18, planet carrier 19, rotating handle 20 and third pin 21 form.
Elliptical aperture is opened in 2 boring of lid, bottom, for cooperate at the top of hand rotary sleeve 11, make to go smoothly the top of rotary sleeve 11
Portion rotates by a certain angle after protruding into can transmit pulling force.The long axis direction of protrusion mark elliptical aperture is cast with outside lid 2.Hand rotary sleeve 11
Also there is the elliptical long axis direction in protrusion mark top in the upper surface for rotating part by hand.The length that lid 2 and hand rotary sleeve 11 identify
It, can reliable delivery pulling force when axis direction is vertical.First pin 3 connects the hold-down support and connecting rod 4 of lid 2, and connected with outer casing 6 is consolidated
Determine support and connecting rod 4, rotation pin 5 realizes the connection between connecting rod 4, and third pin 21 realizes the fixation of bull gear rotation, increases
22 lower half internal screw thread of power sleeve is screwed with bolt to be pre-tightened, and upper half external screw thread is screwed with hand rotary sleeve 11, rotates pin 5
Threaded hole screwed with screw rod 13,12 one end face contact bolt head of retaining ring, other end and rotation 5 periphery of pin it is tangent.
14 one end of screw sleeve opens regular hexagon inner hole and is placed on 13 head of screw rod, other end connection three in gear drive
A planet wheel spindle 18, three-jaw extension are used to fix the axial movement of bull gear 15, and 3 planetary gears 17 are circumferential uniformly distributed, respectively
It is engaged with small centre wheel 16 and bull gear 15, the aperture of bull gear lower end and pin 21 cooperate, and to fix its rotation, planet wheel spindle 18 is solid
It is scheduled on planet carrier 19,19 three-jaw extension of planet carrier is used for the axially position of bull gear 15, rotating handle 20 and small center
Wheel 16 connects firmly, and rotating handle 20 and planet carrier 19 do not have matching relationship.
Fig. 3 is according to shell mechanism schematic diagram constructed by the present invention, as shown in figure 3, connection component includes shell 6, increases
Power sleeve 22 and lower cover 26.Shell left part has the support section of nut check component, and internal openings are used for fixing axle 9, right
Portion is for storing amplifying circuit and power supply.The extension and lower cover 26 of 6 bottom of shell cooperate.Lower cover opens stepped hole, the first order
Stepped hole is used for the guiding of shell 6, and second level stepped hole is used for the guiding of ut socket 25, and the third level is through-hole, is made wait pre-tighten
The nut of component can enter, and drop out the part in shell not.Reinforcement sleeve 22 is used to connect with wait pre-tighten the bolt on component
Connect, bolt reinforcement component drive move upwards drive reinforcement sleeve move upwards so that wait pre-tighten the bolt on component to
Upper movement.
Nut check component includes by small sleeve 7, driving wheel 8, idler shaft 9, idle pulley 10, ring gear 24, ut socket 25.It is small
Sleeve 7 opens hexagonal hole, can be connected firmly by allen wrench rotational sleeve, 7 bar portion of small sleeve with driving wheel 8, and idle pulley 10 is solid
It is scheduled on motionless in shell 6, idler shaft 9 is free to rotate, and ut socket 25 is connected firmly with ring gear 24, rotates together, ut socket 25
Hexagonal hole is opened to be placed on wait pre-tighten outside the nut on component.
Digital display component includes display screen 1, foil gauge 23 and the amplifying circuit and power supply being placed in shell 6.Display screen 1 is set
In the top of lid 2, foil gauge 23 is attached to the lower half of reinforcement sleeve 22, and amplifying circuit and power supply are put in shell, is being driven
The heteropleural of mechanism supports part.
The working method of the present apparatus is explained below, specific as follows:
Before using apparatus of the present invention, first the nut wait pre-tighten on component is threaded to just connect with assembly surface to be pre-tightened
Touching, at this time without pretightning force.Then, the present apparatus is integrally covered from top to bottom wait pre-tighten outside the nut on component, rotates hand rotation set
Cylinder 11 simultaneously drives reinforcement sleeve 22 to rotate, so that reinforcement sleeve 22 is screwed with the bolt wait pre-tighten on component.
Rotating handle 20 is rotated, screw rod rotation is driven by gear drive, screw rod drives connecting rod inward turning to make rotation of going smoothly
Sleeve generates upward pulling force, and hand rotary sleeve drives reinforcement sleeve, so that the bolt wait pre-tighten on component be driven to move upwards；It answers
Become piece 23 and detect the upward pulling force, the size of the pulling force is shown on display screen 1, after reaching required pretightning force, is stopped operating
Rotating handle 20；Small sleeve 7 is rotated with allen wrench, small sleeve 7 drives nut check component will be wait pre-tighten the spiral shell on component
Mother 28 screws.
Finally, rotating handle 20 is rotated backward, force-increasing mechanism off-load.Vertical withdrawing device.
Through the above steps, nut is tightened, and plays the work for increasing intensity not by moment of friction between bolt thread
With.
In conclusion bolt is not acted on by moment of friction the invention enables when screwing bolts, pretightning force can reach bolt institute
The ultimate tension that can be born, so that the performance of bolt is brought into play completely；When unscrewing bolt, bolt is not made by moment of friction
With, play the role of protect bolt.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic, which is characterized in that the device include bolt reinforcement component,
Connection component, nut check component and digital display component, wherein
The bolt reinforcement component is arranged on the connection component, including jointed gear unit and gear drive, described
The side of the jointed gear unit is arranged in gear drive, and one end of the gear drive is provided with rotating handle,
The gear drive is as deceleration mechanism, for increasing the torque for being applied to external force in the rotating handle, other end with
Jointed gear unit connection, the jointed gear unit include lid (2) and the connecting rod that is arranged at left and right sides of the lid
(4), the connecting rod (4) includes upper connecting rod and passes through rotation pin (5) lower link connected to it, and the transmission mechanism passes through spiral shell
Bar (13) is applied in the rotation pin (5) of the connecting rod of the left and right sides, realizes the jointed gear unit and described with this
The connection of gear drive, external force rotate the rotating handle (20), are passed the external force by the gear drive
The jointed gear unit is passed, so that the rotation pin (5) of two sides is by axial force in the link mechanism, in the two sides
Connecting rod under the action of the lid (2) is moved up；
The connection component is for the bolt reinforcement component to be connect with wait pre-tighten the bolt on component (27), when the lid
It is moved upwards described in being driven when moving up wait pre-tighten the bolt on component (27)；
The nut check component is described to be somebody's turn to do wait pre-tighten on component for connecting with described wait pre-tighten the nut on component (28)
After bolt (27) moves upwards, nut check component locking is described wait pre-tighten the nut on component (28), is realized with this to pre-
The preload of tight component；
The digital display component is used to detect the pulling force being subject to when the bolt (27) on the component to be predicted moves upwards, and should
Pulling force is shown.
2. a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the connection
Component includes shell (6) and reinforcement sleeve (22), the shell and the bolt reinforcement component, the reinforcement sleeve with to pre-
Bolt on tight component connects.
3. a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described
The side of the connection component, including knob (7), driving wheel (8), idle pulley (10), ring gear (24) is arranged in nut check component
With ut socket (25), the knob (7) and driving wheel (8) are arranged outside the connection component, the idle pulley (10), ring gear
(24) it is arranged inside the connection component with ut socket (25), the ring gear (24) is arranged on the ut socket, rotation
Turn the knob (7) and drive the driving wheel rotation, which engages with the idle pulley (10), the idle pulley with it is described
Ring gear engagement, so that the nut of component to be pre-tightened rotates, realizes the nut to drive the ut socket to rotate with this
Locking.
4. a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic as described in claim any one of 1-3, which is characterized in that
Hand rotary sleeve (11) are provided with below the lid (2), for connecting with the reinforcement sleeve (22), by rotating the hand
The bolt lock of the reinforcement sleeve and the component to be pre-tightened is tightly connected by rotary sleeve.
5. a kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device for having high bonding strength characteristic as described in claim any one of 1-4, which is characterized in that
The digital display component includes display screen (1), foil gauge (23), amplifying circuit and power supply, and the display screen is arranged in the lid
On, the foil gauge is arranged on the reinforcement sleeve, and the amplifying circuit and power supply are arranged inside the connection component.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811591252.0A CN109623352A (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device having high bonding strength characteristic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811591252.0A CN109623352A (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device having high bonding strength characteristic |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109623352A true CN109623352A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
Family
ID=66077261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811591252.0A Pending CN109623352A (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device having high bonding strength characteristic |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109623352A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU969513A2 (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-10-30 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4781 | Apparatus for tightening bolts by method of prestressing |
| US4569258A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1986-02-11 | Orban Joseph N | Power driven stud tensioning device |
| CN201102227Y (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2008-08-20 | 上海电机学院 | Integral hydraulic drawing device |
| CN201154881Y (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2008-11-26 | 杨胜洪 | Portable electric jack |
| CN108705486A (en) * | 2018-07-15 | 2018-10-26 | 德州德劲液压动力有限公司 | A kind of intelligence stretcher |
| CN108994590A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-14 | 南通高盛机械制造有限公司 | A kind of automatic dialing ring |
-
2018
- 2018-12-20 CN CN201811591252.0A patent/CN109623352A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4569258A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1986-02-11 | Orban Joseph N | Power driven stud tensioning device |
| SU969513A2 (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-10-30 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4781 | Apparatus for tightening bolts by method of prestressing |
| CN201102227Y (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2008-08-20 | 上海电机学院 | Integral hydraulic drawing device |
| CN201154881Y (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2008-11-26 | 杨胜洪 | Portable electric jack |
| CN108705486A (en) * | 2018-07-15 | 2018-10-26 | 德州德劲液压动力有限公司 | A kind of intelligence stretcher |
| CN108994590A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-14 | 南通高盛机械制造有限公司 | A kind of automatic dialing ring |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1045914C (en) | Spiral device for fastening | |
| JP3470090B2 (en) | Fastener | |
| EP0913593B1 (en) | Nut and nut tightening and loosening arrangement | |
| JP2005042911A (en) | Object tightening/loosening method | |
| CN210106370U (en) | Fastening system, to-be-assembled part and self-locking nut with reverse teeth | |
| CN109623352A (en) | A kind of tools for bolts ' pretension device having high bonding strength characteristic | |
| CN206159234U (en) | Mechanical stretching nut | |
| US20090178516A1 (en) | Hand tool | |
| CN105041829B (en) | A kind of stop nut and application method | |
| WO2021093112A1 (en) | Bolt tightening method and bolt tightening system | |
| CN102207119B (en) | Coaxial double-nut coupling mechanism | |
| CN215516476U (en) | Self-reset structure of mechanical braking device of winching mill | |
| CN109093548A (en) | A kind of monkey wrench | |
| US6631659B1 (en) | Vibrating nutrunner | |
| CN209681580U (en) | Bolt disassembly torque dupler | |
| CN207246188U (en) | A kind of railroad rail rod assembly nut and its spanner | |
| CN217926595U (en) | Nut fastening device | |
| CN105952859B (en) | A kind of aerospace crank bolt component and its drive method | |
| US3002414A (en) | Fastener having tool centering, gear operated, driving contact | |
| CN214445932U (en) | Major diameter bolt ratchet spanner that soon revolves with electric spanner interface | |
| CN217603069U (en) | Front locking device of self-locking type case | |
| JP2001248623A (en) | Bolt tightening structure | |
| CN114110000B (en) | Anti-loosening device for back-threaded nut | |
| CN214499545U (en) | Impeller locking structure | |
| CN221538829U (en) | Tightening switching tool and tightening gun assembly with same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20190416 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |