WO2021093112A1

WO2021093112A1 - Bolt tightening method and bolt tightening system

Info

Publication number: WO2021093112A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/128974
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王友; 张文凯; 陈淘; 郭超; 王亮晶; 石斯予; 梅运桥; 冉小东
Original assignee: 四川腾菲克科技有限公司
Priority date: 2019-11-14
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2021-05-20
Also published as: CN110695672A

Abstract

A bolt tightening method and a bolt tightening system. The bolt tightening method comprises: using an axial tension mechanism to apply an axial tension force to a bolt for axial tension, and using a rotating mechanism to apply torque to a nut, so that the nut generates a second axial tension force on the bolt. The bolt tightening system comprises a tension mechanism and a rotating mechanism connected to the tension mechanism. Tightening a bolt by a tension and torque method effectively reduces or even eliminates the influence of the gap between a screw pair and the gap between a nut and a workpiece to be tightened on the locking accuracy when the bolt is tightened, ensuring that the error between the residual axial tension force on the bolt and a target axial tension force can be controlled within ±2.5% after the bolt is tightened, and improving the tightening accuracy.

Description

Bolt fastening method and bolt fastening system

Technical field

A bolt fastening method and a bolt fastening system relate to a bolt fastening method and its fastening device, which belong to the technical field of mechanical connection installation.

Background technique

Bolts are common mechanical parts, cylindrical threaded fasteners with nuts. A type of fastener consisting of a head and a screw (a cylinder with external threads, the end of the screw is far from the head is the tail), which needs to be matched with a nut to fasten and connect the two parts. The connection form is called bolt connection. If the nut is unscrewed from the bolt, the two parts can be separated. Therefore, the bolt connection is a detachable connection.

At present, hydraulic tensioners or hydraulic torque wrenches are mostly used for tightening bolts with high torque. Among them, the hydraulic tensioner has a high bolt locking accuracy, and the hydraulic torque wrench because when the bolt is tightened, 85%-95% of the torque wrench output torque is consumed in the friction force during the tightening process, only 5% -15% of the torque is used to provide the axial locking force, so the bolt locking accuracy of the hydraulic torque wrench is low. When high-precision installation is required, hydraulic tensioners are generally used as installation tools. However, for hydraulic tensioners, the gap between the thread pair, the gap between the nut and the workpiece to be fastened leads to a large error between the actual locking force and the target locking force, which reduces the accuracy of bolt locking.

Summary of the invention

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bolt tightening process that can effectively reduce or eliminate the effect of the thread pair and the gap between the nut and the workpiece to be tightened on the tightening result in the bolt tightening process. Fixing method and the fastening device. The technical scheme is as follows:

A bolt fastening method, the key technology of which is to use an axial tension mechanism to apply an axial tension force to the bolt for axial tension, and a rotation mechanism to apply a torque to the nut so that the nut generates a second axial tension force on the bolt.

A bolt fastening system, the key technology of which is to include a stretching mechanism and a rotating mechanism connected with the stretching mechanism.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the stretching mechanism includes a cylinder, a piston and a pull core, the piston is closely matched with the cylinder, the pull core is matched with the piston, and the inner cavity wall of the pull core is provided with internal threads; The mechanism includes a gear ring, a nut ring and a ring driver, the gear ring is driven by the ring driver, the gear ring and the nut ring are meshed and connected, and the nut ring and the pull core are arranged concentrically.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the rotating mechanism includes a nut ring and a worm, and the nut ring and the worm are meshed and connected, and the worm is driven by a worm driver to form a worm and worm drive type rotating mechanism.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the rotating mechanism includes a nut ring and a gear, the nut ring and the gear are meshed and connected, and the gear is driven by a gear driver to form a gear transmission mechanism.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the rotating mechanism includes a nut dial ring, the upper end of the nut dial ring is meshed and connected with the gear dial ring, the gear dial ring is driven by the dial ring driver, and the side wall of the nut dial ring is meshed and connected with the gear. The gear is driven by a gear driver to form a gear pre-tensioning pawl rotation mechanism.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the pulling core of the stretching mechanism and the piston are integrated.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the stretching mechanism includes a pulling core, a first piston, a second piston, a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the first piston is installed corresponding to the first cylinder, and the second The piston is installed corresponding to the second cylinder body, and the lower end surface of the pull core is in contact with the upper end surface of the first piston.

Further, the key technology of the bolt fastening system is that the stretching mechanism includes a pulling core, a first piston, a second piston, a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the first piston is installed corresponding to the first cylinder, and the second The piston is installed corresponding to the second cylinder, a lock is installed on the upper end of the first cylinder, and the upper end of the pull core is connected with the lock.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention adopts the tensile torque method. When the bolts are tightened, the axial tensile mechanism is used to apply the axial tensile force to the bolt to be axially stretched to a preset value, and then the rotating mechanism is used to apply torque to the nut. Perform locking and secondary tension on the bolt to generate the second axial tension. In the process of applying torque to the nut, it effectively reduces or even eliminates the thread pair and the gap between the nut and the workpiece to be fastened. When the bolt is tightened The influence of the locking accuracy ensures that after the bolt is tightened, the error between the residual axial tension on the bolt and the target axial tension can be controlled within ±2.5%, which greatly improves the tightening accuracy.

2. The present invention develops a new device that integrates tensile and torque functions. Under the joint action of the tensile mechanism and the rotating mechanism, it solves the problem of the actual locking force and the target when the traditional tensile tightening method is used for bolt tightening. The problem of large locking force error.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example one:

The bolt fastening method of the present invention uses an axial tension mechanism to apply an axial tension force to the bolt to perform axial tension according to the axial locking force required when the bolt is tightened, and uses a rotating mechanism to apply torque to the nut to make The nut produces a second axial tension on the bolt. The magnitude of the second axial tension can be measured by monitoring the pressure change of the axial tension mechanism, the change of the bolt elongation or measuring the tension mechanism of the rotating mechanism in actual engineering applications. The axial force is measured; after the second axial tension is applied to the bolt, the axial tension mechanism is released, and the error between the residual axial tension on the bolt and the target axial tension can be controlled within ±2.5%, which greatly improves the bolt lock Tight accuracy.

The bolt fastening system includes a stretching mechanism and a rotating mechanism connected with the stretching mechanism.

Embodiment two:

The bolt fastening method of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the fastened bolt 13 is located in the hole of the pull core, the nut 12 is located in the hole of the nut ring 6, and the external thread of the bolt is matched with the internal thread 11 of the pull core. , The piston 3 moves upwards, which drives the pull core 1 to also move upwards. The pull core 1 directly applies an axial tensile force to the bolt 13 for axial stretching. When the tensile pressure of the tensile mechanism reaches the set value, the tensile mechanism Automatically stop working, the system maintains the current pressure; then the ring driver 9 drives the gear ring 7 to rotate, and the gear ring 7 drives the nut ring 6 to rotate. The nut ring 6 directly contacts the nut 12 and applies torque to the nut 12 to make The nut generates a second axial tension on the bolt 13 and stretches the bolt 13 twice. At this time, the pressure on the tension mechanism will decrease with the work of the rotating mechanism. When it drops to the set standard, the system stops working , After the tightening is completed, the tightening force obtained by the bolt reaches the specified tightening force, and the error between the two can be controlled within ±2.5%, which greatly improves the bolt locking accuracy.

The stretching mechanism of this embodiment, referring to Figure 1, includes a cylinder 4, a piston 3 and a pull core 1. The piston 3 is located in the cylinder 4 and closely fits the cylinder 4, and the pull core 1 and the piston 3 cooperate to form a single-stage Body type stretching mechanism (that is, the piston of the stretching mechanism is single-stage, the pull core can be replaced), the inner cavity wall of the pull core 1 is provided with an internal thread 11 that matches the external thread of the bolt; the rotating mechanism includes a gear ring 7, a nut dial The ring 6 and the ring driver 9, the gear ring 7 is driven by the ring driver 9, the gear ring 7 and the nut ring 6 are meshed and connected by the ratchet 10, the nut ring 6 and the pull core 1 are arranged concentrically, and the ring driver 9 Installed on the drive mount 8.

Example three:

Referring to Figure 2, the pulling core 1 of the stretching mechanism of this embodiment is integrated with the piston to form a single-stage integrated stretching mechanism; the rotating mechanism includes a nut ring 6 and a worm 15, and the nut ring 6 and the worm 15 are meshed by gears. Connected, the worm 15 is driven by the worm driver 16 to form a worm gear drive type rotating mechanism. The worm driver 16 is connected to the worm mounting box 14 or mounted on the mounting seat.

When the bolt is tightened, the integrated pull core 1 moves upward to stretch the bolt to provide the bolt with the locking force required for tightening. Then the worm driver 16 drives the worm 15 to rotate, and the worm 15 rotates the nut ring 6 and the nut is set. The ring 6 drives the nut to rotate, so that the nut exerts a second axial tension on the bolt.

Embodiment four:

Referring to Figure 4, the stretching mechanism of this embodiment includes a pull core 1, a piston and a cylinder. The piston has two stages, a first piston 3.1 and a second piston 3.2, and the cylinder has two stages, a first cylinder 4.1 and a second piston. Cylinder 4.2, the first piston 3.1 and the second piston 3.2 are connected by the piston connecting seat 20 to ensure the synchronous movement of the two pistons. The first cylinder 4.1 and the second cylinder 4.2 are connected by the mounting seat, and the first piston 3.1 corresponds to the first piston. The cylinder body 4.1 is installed, the second piston 3.2 is installed corresponding to the second cylinder body 4.2, the pull core 1 is connected by screwing, and the lower end surface of the pull core 1 is in contact with the upper end surface of the first piston 3.1 to form a two-stage split stretching mechanism; The mechanism includes a nut ring 6 and a gear 18. The nut ring 6 and the gear 18 are connected by tooth meshing. The gear 18 is driven by a gear driver 19 to form a gear transmission mechanism. The gear 18 is installed in the gear box 17.

When the bolt is tightened, the second piston 3.2 moves synchronously with the first piston 3.1. The first piston 3.1 drives the pull core 1 to move upwards, and the pull core 1 stretches the bolts to provide the bolts with the locking force required for bolt tightening. Then the gear driver 19 drives the gear 18 to rotate, the gear 18 drives the nut ring 6 to rotate, and the nut ring 6 drives the nut to rotate, so that the nut exerts a second axial tension on the bolt.

Embodiment five:

Referring to Figure 5, the stretching mechanism of this embodiment includes a pull core 1, a piston and a cylinder. The piston has a two-stage piston, a first piston 3.1 and a second piston 3.2, and the cylinder has a two-stage cylinder, the first cylinder 4.1 and the second cylinder. Cylinder 4.2, the first piston 3.1 and the second piston 3.2 are connected by the piston connecting seat 20 to ensure the synchronous movement of the two pistons. The first cylinder 4.1 and the second cylinder 4.2 are connected by the mounting seat, and the first piston 3.1 corresponds to the first piston. The cylinder 4.1 is installed, the second piston 3.2 is installed corresponding to the second cylinder 4.2, the lock head 21 is installed on the upper end of the first cylinder 4.1, and the upper end of the pull core 1 is connected with the lock head 21 to form a two-stage integrated stretching mechanism; Including a nut dial ring 6, the upper end of the nut dial ring 6 is meshed and connected with the gear dial ring 7 through a ratchet 10, the gear dial ring 7 is driven by a dial ring driver 9, and the side wall of the nut dial ring 6 is meshed and connected with the gear 18 through teeth, and the gear 18 Driven by the gear driver 19, it constitutes a gear pretensioning pawl rotation mechanism.

When the bolt is tightened, the second piston 3.2 and the first piston 3.1 move synchronously. The first piston 3.1 drives the lock head 21 to move upwards, and the lock head 21 drives the pull core 1 to move. The pull core 1 stretches the bolts to provide bolts for the bolts. The locking force required for tightening, then the gear driver 19 first drives the gear 18 to rotate, the gear 18 rotates the nut ring 6 and drives the nut to rotate for nut pre-tightening. After the automatic pre-tightening is completed, the ring driver 9 drives the gear ring 7 rotates, the gear ring 7 drives the nut ring 6 to rotate, and the nut ring 6 directly contacts the nut, driving the nut to rotate, so that the nut exerts a second axial tension on the bolt.

In the figure, 2 is the cover plate, and 5 is the rotating mechanism mounting seat.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described and illustrated in detail above, it should be pointed out that this embodiment is only a part of the embodiment, not all of the embodiment. Such as various drives, electric, hydraulic or other structural drives can be used; in addition to the integrated structure (pulling core and piston), split structure (pulling core and piston are two independent parts), and single-stage structure of the stretching mechanism (One pressure cavity generates axial tension when working), two-stage structure (two pressure cavities generate axial tension when working), and multi-stage structure (more than two pressure cavities generate axial tension when working) Etc.; the combination of the stretching mechanism and the rotating mechanism of the fastening system can also be combined arbitrarily. We can make various equivalent changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the concept of the present invention. When the functions produced by them do not exceed the spirit covered by the specification, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A bolt fastening method is characterized in that an axial stretching mechanism is used to apply an axial stretching force to the bolt for axial stretching, and a rotating mechanism is used to apply a torque to a nut, so that the nut generates a second axial tension to the bolt.
A bolt fastening system is characterized by comprising a stretching mechanism and a rotating mechanism connected with the stretching mechanism.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the stretching mechanism includes a cylinder (4), a piston (3) and a pull core (1), the piston (3) and the cylinder (4) are closely matched, and the pull core (1) Cooperate with the piston (3), the inner wall of the pull core (1) is provided with an internal thread (11); the rotating mechanism includes a gear ring (7), a nut ring (6) and a ring driver (9) , The gear ring (7) is driven by the ring driver (9), the gear ring (7) and the nut ring (6) are meshed and connected, and the nut ring (6) and the pull core (1) are arranged concentrically.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotating mechanism includes a nut ring (6) and a worm (15), the nut ring (6) and the worm (15) are meshed and connected, and the worm (15) is driven by the worm (16) Drive, constitute a worm gear drive type rotating mechanism.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotating mechanism comprises a nut ring (6) and a gear (18), the nut ring (6) and the gear (18) are meshed and connected, and the gear (18) is driven by the gear (19) Drive to form a gear transmission mechanism.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotating mechanism includes a nut ring (6), the upper end of the nut ring (6) is meshed and connected with the gear ring (7), and the gear ring (7) passes through the ring The driver (9) is driven, the side wall of the nut ring (6) is meshed and connected with the gear (18), and the gear (18) is driven by the gear driver (19) to form a gear pre-tensioning pawl rotation mechanism.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the pulling core (1) of the stretching mechanism is integrated with the piston.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the stretching mechanism includes a pulling core (1), a first piston (3.1), a second piston (3.2), a first cylinder (4.1) and a second cylinder (4.2), the first piston (3.1) is installed corresponding to the first cylinder (4.1), the second piston (3.2) is installed corresponding to the second cylinder (4.2), the lower end of the pull core (1) is connected to the first piston (3.1) The upper end face is in contact.
The bolt fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the stretching mechanism includes a pulling core (1), a first piston (3.1), a second piston (3.2), a first cylinder (4.1) and a second cylinder (4.2), the first piston (3.1) is installed corresponding to the first cylinder (4.1), the second piston (3.2) is installed corresponding to the second cylinder (4.2), and the lock head (21) is installed on the upper end of the first cylinder (4.1) ), the upper end of the pull core (1) is connected with the lock head (21).