CN109620976B - 一种相变型纳米粒及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种相变型纳米粒及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于药物技术领域,涉及一种纳米粒子,具体涉及一种相变型纳米粒。所述相变型纳米粒由脂质体包载金纳米棒和液态氟碳形成,并在所述脂质体表面连接黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体。所述相变型纳米粒子具有光致相变的性质,从而具有较优的显影效果和肿瘤治疗效果;所述相变型纳米粒子采用脂质材料进行药物包载,从而降低了纳米粒子的免疫原性、提高了纳米粒子的生物相容性。本技术方案制备的纳米粒子可应用于黑色素瘤的造影试剂和治疗药物中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域,涉及一种纳米粒子,具体涉及一种相变型纳米粒。
背景技术
光声成像作为一种非入侵式医学成像方法,当脉冲激光照射到生物组织中时,组织的光吸收域将产生超声信号。靶向纳米级的生物材料应用到光声成像领域不但可以增强检测信号提高检测效率,还可以实现分子水平的疾病诊断及精准治疗。金纳米棒是一种新型的多功能纳米材料,纳米棒拥有连续可调的共振波长,具有强烈的光学消光特性及良好的光热转换效率,且稳定性好,金纳米棒的优良性质可研发相变型纳米粒在光声成像和肿瘤治疗等领域广泛应用。
金纳米棒表面必须修饰一定数量的配体或者使用成膜材料包裹才能稳定存在,否则金纳米棒将发生不可逆转的聚集,金纳米棒聚集成团粒径增大,不能作为纳米材料使用。虽然配体修饰可以解决稳定性的问题,但配体修饰后的金纳米棒的免疫原性较强,在生物体组织内较难实现运输、转移和长时间作用。而采用成膜材料包裹虽然可以使金纳米棒的免疫原性降低,但还是存在一定问题。例如:中国专利“一种制备表面包裹有二氧化硅层的金纳米棒颗粒的方法”(200810055687.3)公开了使用二氧化硅层包裹金纳米棒形成纳米粒子的技术方案。该专利的技术方案存在以下问题:(1)金纳米棒本身显影效果一般,且其肿瘤治疗只能通过金纳米棒光热效果来实现;(2)包封金纳米棒的成膜材料为二氧化硅,该材料的生物相容性较低,并具有一定的免疫原性,并且使用上述成膜材料包封形成的金纳米粒子较难通过血管内皮细胞进入病灶组织,从而使给药途径受到限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种相变型纳米粒子,所述相变型纳米粒子具有光致相变的性质,从而具有较优的显影效果和肿瘤治疗效果。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明技术方案如下:
一种相变型纳米粒,所述相变型纳米粒由成膜材料包载金纳米棒和液态氟碳形成。
采用上述技术方案,包载金纳米棒和液态氟碳的纳米粒在给药到目的组织后,在声或光的作用下,金纳米棒和液态氟碳协同作用,可增强声像学显影,并可产生声致相变及光致相变作用从而杀伤肿瘤细胞。
现有技术通常用成膜材料对金纳米棒进行直接包封,然后注入生物体组织来实现显影和肿瘤治疗。现有技术的技术方案的显影和肿瘤治疗作用均依靠金纳米棒对声能或光能的吸收后转化成热能的特性,效果达不到实际应用的需求。本技术方案对金纳米棒和微泡造影剂进行同时包封形成相变型纳米粒,达到增强声像学显影的目的,并利用声致相变及光致相变作用杀伤肿瘤细胞,并能够实现光致相变和光热治疗的联合。液态氟碳作为一种微泡造影剂本身具有在光声作用下显影的性质,和金纳米棒联合使用可增强显影。金纳米棒将声能或光能转化成热能,作用于液态氟碳后,液态氟碳气化膨胀,其空化作用可以促使癌症细胞发生凋亡或坏死。
进一步,所述成膜材料为脂质体。
采用上述技术方案,脂质外包膜层对金纳米棒和液态氟碳进行包封可以降低纳米粒子的免疫原性,减少纳米粒子被生物体免疫系统识别的机率,并增加纳米粒子运送到目的组织的几率。
现有技术中,纳米粒子的包封成膜材料主要使用的是可降解高分子聚合材料、纳米凝胶、天然高分子材料、介孔二氧化硅等无机材料,这些材料虽然能够实现对金纳米棒和微泡造影剂的包载,但是材料的生物相容性较低,具有一定的免疫原性,并且上述包膜材料包封形成的纳米粒子较难通过血管内皮细胞进入病灶组织,从而使给药途径受到限制。脂质包膜材料虽然能够解决上述成膜材料的问题,但金纳米棒是一种水相和有机相中都不溶的物质,很难包封于脂质体中,技术人员往往不会采用脂质体包封金纳米棒的技术方案。本技术方案采用脂质包裹金纳米棒和液态氟碳,形成的纳米粒生物相容性较好,能够在生物体中通过血管壁进入病灶组织细胞实现治疗和显影作用。并且血液中的脂质清除速度较慢,可以使得载药的纳米粒子在循环系统中保留较长的时间,使得纳米粒子在病灶处可以更长时间发挥作用。
进一步,所述脂质体为双层脂质体,所述脂质体的原料包括磷脂、胆固醇和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯。
采用上述技术方案,磷脂、胆固醇可形成类似细胞膜的脂质双分子层,加入二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯(DSPE-PEG-NHS)桥连于脂质双分子层上。
现有技术中,脂质双分子层通常由磷脂、胆固醇组成,但其形成的纳米粒子容易被内质网吞噬,而使纳米粒子不能到达目的组织。加入DSPE-PEG-NHS后,避免了内质网的吞噬作用。并且DSPE-PEG-NHS可增强纳米粒外部的亲水性,避免纳米粒与血浆中的蛋白质或脂质结合,抑制脂质体聚集,进而增加纳米粒在血液中的循环时间。
进一步,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯采用聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇3400或聚乙二醇5000制成。
采用上述技术方案,可根据需要选择不同链长的聚乙二醇,制得在体内有不同循环时间的相变型纳米粒。
进一步,在所述脂质体表面连接有黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体。
采用上述技术方案,脂质外包膜层对金纳米棒和液态氟碳进行包封,并利用脂质体层上的活性酯基团连接黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体(MAGE-1-Antibody),获得具有靶向性的相变型纳米粒。
相比于现有技术中的非靶向纳米粒子,本技术方案在纳米粒上连接靶向分子,将上述纳米粒注入生物组织,纳米粒子可以靶向聚集到目的组织,达到精确显像和治疗的目的。
进一步,所述相变型纳米粒粒径为250nm-350nm。
采用上述技术方案,粒径为250nm-350nm的相变型纳米粒具有较好的生物利用率,并能够较高效的穿过血管壁抵达病灶组织。
进一步,一种相变型纳米粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤a:将所述脂质体的原料、液态氟碳和金纳米棒加入二氯甲烷,搅拌形成乳浊液;
步骤b:将所述乳浊液滴加入乙醇溶液,得包载液态氟碳和金纳米棒的纳米粒;
步骤c:利用二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯的活性酯基团连接黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体。
采用上述技术方案,可得到径粒均匀的靶向相变型纳米粒。现有技术中一般采用薄膜水化-超声分散法制备各种包膜材料形成的纳米粒,但是该方案并不适合制备本方案的相变型纳米粒子。因为本方案的纳米粒采用了微泡型造影剂液态氟碳,超声分散处理时,超声的空化作用会使得液态氟碳中产生较多气泡,影响纳米粒的均一性。液态氟碳在光或热的作用下可产生相变发生气化,利用液态氟碳这一特点,通过纳米粒的运载输送到病灶组织,液态氟碳在病灶组织发生相变使得纳米粒破裂,对肿瘤细胞有致凋亡或坏死的作用。现有技术中的方案,会使液态氟碳在包封进入包封膜之前发生大量气化的现象,加大纳米粒制作难度,会形成径粒不均一的纳米粒,径粒过大的纳米粒不能穿透血管壁而在血液循环中滞留,降低了药物的治疗效率。另外,液态氟碳在进入病灶组织之前提前发生气化,降低了相变产生的治疗和显像效果。本技术方法在不使用超声乳化的情况下,可制得径粒均一的纳米粒,液态氟碳的气化程度可以被控制在较小范围内,解决了现有技术中的一直存在的问题。
进一步,在所述步骤b中,所述乳浊液的滴加速度为1.2ml/min-0.6ml/min。
采用上述技术方案,可以制得径粒大小适合的纳米粒,该纳米粒可以在组织中传递并能够穿透血管壁到达目的组织。
进一步,在所述步骤a之前,使用半胱氨酸溶液和碘化钾溶液的组合、半胱氨酸溶液或碘化钾溶液处理金纳米棒。
采用上述技术方案,半胱氨酸溶液可对金纳米棒进行清洗和表面修饰。现有技术中的金纳米棒的制备方法中大多使用大量的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),CTAB具有细胞毒性,能够溶解细胞膜,对与细胞膜形似的脂质双分子层的包膜材料造成了负面影响,增加了包裹金纳米棒的难度。本技术方案采用半胱氨酸进行配体置换,可降低金纳米棒表面的CTAB毒性,并进一步增强金纳米棒表面对脂质材料的亲和性,提高包封效率。半胱氨酸分子内有一个硫氢基,可与金纳米棒表面原子形成牢固的金硫键(Au-S),使得金纳米棒与半胱氨酸分子有着较强的相互作用,使得金纳米棒有较好的生物相容性。
碘化钾(KI)溶液对金纳米棒表面进行清洗和修饰,碘化钾既减少了金纳米棒外层的CTAB的量又起到盐聚集的作用,可增加金纳米棒对光热的吸收,增强显像效果、热疗效果和声光致相变的效果。
进一步,一种相变型纳米粒在造影剂中或黑色素瘤治疗药物中的应用。
附图说明
图1为光学显微镜下实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的形态;
图2为实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的电镜扫描图像;
图3为实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的马尔文粒径仪测量结果;
图4为实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的体外光声成像实验结果,纳米粒子浓度为5mg/ml;
图5为实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的体外光声成像实验结果,纳米粒子浓度为20mg/ml;
图6为实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的激光激发相变实验结果(激光激发前);
图7为实施例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的激光激发相变实验结果(激光激发后);
图8为实施例1和对比例2、对比例3中制备的相变型纳米粒的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16株的抑制效果图(CCK-8法);
图9为实施例2中制备的相变型纳米粒的体外光声成像实验结果,纳米粒子浓度为5mg/ml;
图10为实施例2中制备的相变型纳米粒的体外光声成像实验结果,纳米粒子浓度为20mg/ml;
图11为对比例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的激光激发相变实验结果(激光激发前);
图12为对比例1中制备的相变型纳米粒的激光激发相变实验结果(激光激发后);
图13为光学显微镜电镜下对比例3中制备的相变型纳米粒的形态。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明:
实施例1:相变型纳米粒的制备
(1)主要试剂
金纳米棒:香港Nanoseedz公司;
二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(1,2-dihexadecanoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine,DPPC)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol),DSPG)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineN-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)]-2000-NHS,DSPE-PEG2000-NHS):美国Avanti公司;
胆固醇、液态氟碳(PFH)、二氯甲烷、异丙醇;1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)、MES缓冲液、PEG、KI、L-Cysteine:美国Sigma公司;
黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体抗(MAGE-1-Antibody):中国Bioye;
小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16株,武汉普诺赛。
(2)主要设备
Malvern粒径仪:美国Zetasize公司;紫外分光光度计:美国FEI Nova 450;电子天平:瑞士Mettler Toledo,XS104;扫描电镜:日本日立公司,S-3400N;光声成像系统:VevoLAZR,美国)。
(3)制备过程
金纳米棒表面修饰处理:
金纳米棒溶液20mL,按照体积比5∶1加入0.0005M的半胱氨酸溶液,剧烈搅拌10min,样品静置12h,多次离心去除多余半胱氨酸配体,取下部沉淀分散于20ml去离子水中备用。
取10ml的金纳米棒溶液离心,取金纳米棒沉淀,在室温下加入提前配置好的碘化钾(KI,0.00005M)溶液定容到10ml超声分散,静置半小时,再次离心后将金纳米棒重新分散在5ml的水中。
纳米粒子制备(滴加法):
DPPC、DSPG、DSPE-PEG2000-NHS和胆固醇按照12:2:3:2的质量比共50mg溶解于50ml二氯甲烷中,搅拌后静置,得脂质体溶液;500μl金纳米棒溶液加入500μlPFH,搅拌混匀,再将金纳米棒和PFH的混合溶液加入上述脂质体溶液,再次搅拌混匀得乳浊液;将乳浊液缓慢滴加入99%乙醇溶液,滴加速度为0.6ml/min,滴加完成后静置12h,得包载液态氟碳和金纳米棒的纳米粒;喷雾干燥收集非靶向纳米粒;将上述非靶向纳米粒与MAGE-1-antibody冰浴条件下共孵育过夜,即可得到靶向相变型纳米粒MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs。
(4)MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs物理性质检测:
成功制备的靶向相变型纳米粒(MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs)溶液呈乳白色悬浊液。
光学显微镜观察纳米分子探针大小及均一度,结果如图1所示,图1为光镜下放大600倍视图,靶向相变型纳米粒成圆球形,形态规则,表面光滑,大小分布均匀。
扫描电镜观察纳米分子颗粒,结果如图2所示,图2为扫描电镜下放大50000倍视图,靶向相变型纳米粒成圆球形,大小分布均匀。
Malvern激光粒径检测仪检测其粒径,结果如图3所示,粒径为(310.65±56)nm;
Zeta电位检测仪检测其表面电位,表面电位为(-27.3±3.1)mV;
紫外分光光度仪计算纳米粒中金纳米棒的包封率。取一定量纳米粒经低温离心分离上清液,于780nm波长处测定上清液吸光度,计算包封率:包封率=(金纳米棒投入量-上清液中金纳米棒量)/金纳米棒总投入量。本次纳米粒子制备的包封率为(89.56±2.31)%。
体外光声成像实验:制备浓度为5mg/ml、20mg/ml的纳米粒,各取100μl分别置于琼脂糖凝胶模型(3%)中。激光触发不同浓度纳米粒,采用光声成像仪(波长780nm,重复频率10Hz,脉冲宽度5ns,超声探头频率10MHz)进行光声信号的采集并生成二维图像,并记录光声信号的变化。纳米粒浓度为5mg/ml的声光成像结果如图4所示,纳米粒浓度为20mg/ml的声光成像结果如图5所示。在激光激发下,纳米粒浓度为5mg/ml的实验组可产生一定声光信号,纳米粒浓度为20mg/ml的实验组可产生较强的声光信号。
(5)激光激发MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs相变实验
取本实施例制备的MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs 100ul放置在载玻片上,用波长为808nm,能量为200mj的激光仪辐照20s,在4倍光镜下观察相变情况。结果如图6(激光激发前)、图7(激光激发后)所示,用激光仪辐照MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs 20s,可见明显相变,可以应用该纳米粒子进行肿瘤的光致相变治疗。
(6)体外抑制和色素瘤细胞实验
用CCK-8法考察本实施例制备的纳米粒联合激光对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16株细胞活性影响。用不同浓度的纳米粒子(5mg/ml、10mg/ml、15mg/ml、20mg/ml、25mg/ml、30mg/ml)处理24h细胞后,用波长为808nm,能量为200mj的激光仪辐照5s,观测肿瘤细胞存活率,如图8所示。由实验数据可知纳米粒联合激光对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16株细胞有明显的抑制作用。
实施例2:不做金纳米棒表面修饰的相变型纳米粒的制备
本实施例的实验试剂、设备和方法基本同实施例1,只是在制备相变型纳米粒子前不用半胱氨酸和碘化钾对金纳米棒进行修饰。本次纳米粒子制备的包封率为(65.23±5.79)%,体外光声成像结果如图9(纳米粒浓度为5mg/ml)、图10(纳米粒浓度为20mg/ml)所示。本实施例制备的纳米粒子包封率较实施例1的低,本实施例同浓度的纳米粒的光声成像信号强度较实施例1的低。
对比例1:使用脂质包膜材料包裹金纳米棒
(1)制备过程:
本实施例的实验试剂、设备和方法基本同实施例1,只是在制备相变型纳米粒子时不包封液态氟碳,只包封金纳米棒,形成靶向非相变型纳米粒(MAGE-Lip-Au-NPs)。
(2)纳米粒子相变效果检测:
检测方法同实施例1(5),显微镜下观察激光辐照前后纳米粒相变,如图11(激光激发前)、图12(激光激发后)所示,可见激光辐射后本对比例制备的纳米粒不会产生相变效应,所以不具备由相变产生的肿瘤治疗效果。
对比例2:使用生物可降解聚合物PLGA包封金纳米棒和液态氟碳
(1)制备过程
本实施例的实验试剂、设备和方法基本同实施例1,只是聚乳酸-羟基乙酸-羧基(PLGA-COOH,50∶50聚合比,分子量12 000kDa,济南岱罡生物工程有限公司)来进行金纳米棒和液态氟碳的包封,用PLGA替换DPPC、DSPG、DSPE-PEG2000-NHS和胆固醇形成的脂质双分子层。制备方法如下:
金纳米棒表面修饰处理:金纳米棒溶液20mL,按照体积比5∶1加入0.0005M的半胱氨酸溶液,剧烈搅拌10min,样品静置12h,多次离心去除多余半胱氨酸配体,取下部沉淀分散于20ml去离子水中备用。取10ml的金纳米棒溶液离心,取金纳米棒沉淀,在室温下加入提前配置好的碘化钾(KI,0.00005M)溶液定容到10ml超声分散,静置半小时,再次离心后将金纳米棒重新分散在5ml的水中。
纳米粒子制备:PLGA 50mg溶解于50ml二氯甲烷中,搅拌后静置,得胶体溶液;500μl金纳米棒溶液加入500μlPFH,搅拌混匀,再将金纳米棒和PFH的混合溶液加入上述脂质体溶液,再次搅拌混匀得乳浊液;将所述乳浊液缓慢滴加入99%乙醇溶液,静置12h,得包载液态氟碳和金纳米棒的纳米粒;喷雾干燥收集非靶向纳米粒;将上述非靶向纳米粒溶解于10mlMES缓冲液(0.1mol/L,pH值5.5)中,加入耦联活化剂EDC和NHS(EDC∶NHS摩尔比为1∶3;EDC∶PLGA摩尔比为10∶1),冰浴振荡孵育1h,离心、PBS洗涤3次后,复溶于MES缓冲液(0.1mol/L,pH值8)中,然后加入10μlMAGE-1-Antibody(MAGE-1-Antibody与DSPE-PEG2000-NHS摩尔比为1∶5),冰浴振荡孵育过夜,再次离心、PBS洗涤3次,得到PLGA包封的靶向相变型纳米粒(MAGE-PLGA-Au-PFH-NPs)。
(2)纳米粒子对肿瘤细胞的抑制效果检测:
用CCK-8法考察本实施例制备的纳米粒联合激光对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16株细胞活性影响。用不同浓度的纳米粒子(5mg/ml、10mg/ml、15mg/ml、20mg/ml、25mg/ml、30mg/ml)处理24h细胞后,用波长为808nm,能量为200mj的激光仪辐照5s,观测肿瘤细胞存活率,如图6所示。由实验数据可知,本对比例制备的纳米粒对黑色素瘤细胞的抑制作用弱于实施例1中纳米粒的抑制作用。
对比例3:薄膜水化/超声分散法制备相变型纳米粒(MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs)
(1)制备过程:
DPPC、DSPG、DSPE-PEG2000-NHS和胆固醇按照12:2:3:2的比例共50mg溶解于50ml二氯甲烷中,搅拌后静置,得脂质体溶液;置于圆底烧瓶内置旋转蒸发仪,以55℃、100r/min减压蒸发约120min,去除三氯甲烷,圆底烧瓶底部形成均匀的薄膜,用4mlPBS洗脱水化,将所得的混合液转移至10ml管内;在冰浴条件下向管中加入500μl金纳米棒溶液和500μlPFH,并用声振仪乳化(125W,5min,震5s停5s),得到均匀的混悬液;4℃离心3次(6000r/min,5min)去除未被包载的材料,即获得目标非靶向脂质纳米粒(Lip-Au-PFH-NPs)。将上述非靶向纳米粒与MAGE-1-antibody冰浴条件下共孵育过夜,即可得到靶向相变型纳米粒MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs,用4ml PBS重悬置于4℃备用。
(2)光学显微镜下纳米粒子性质检测:
光学显微镜观察纳米分子探针大小及均一度,结果如图13所示,图13为光镜下放大600倍视图,靶向相变型纳米粒成圆球形,形态规则,表面光滑,大小分布的均匀度稍欠。
(3)纳米粒子对肿瘤细胞的抑制效果检测:
用CCK-8法考察本实施例制备的纳米粒联合激光对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16株细胞活性影响。用不同浓度的纳米粒子(5mg/ml、10mg/ml、15mg/ml、20mg/ml、25mg/ml、30mg/ml)处理24h细胞后,用波长为808nm,能量为200mj的激光仪辐照5s,观测肿瘤细胞存活率,如图6所示。由实验数据可知,本对比例制备的纳米粒对和色素瘤细胞的抑制作用弱于实施例1中纳米粒的抑制作用。
实施例以及对比例总结如下表:
A:电镜观察均匀度;B:包封率检测;C:体外声光成像;D:激光激发相变;E:B16抑制作用
由上表可知,实施例1制备的纳米粒子(MAGE-Lip-Au-PFH-NPs)具有粒径均一、包封率高、激光激发下可产生较强信号、具有相变性质、并且对和色素瘤细胞有较好的抑制效果。实施例1采用金纳米棒表面修饰,可以提高包封率和成像效果;实施例1采用金纳米棒和液态氟碳联合具有光致相变的效果;实施例1采用脂质成膜材料,使得纳米粒子的生物利用率更高,对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用更强;实施例1采用滴加法进行纳米粒子的制备,减少了超声对液态氟碳的影响,增强了其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (2)
1.一种相变型纳米粒,其特征在于:所述相变型纳米粒由脂质体包载金纳米棒和液态氟碳形成;所述脂质体的原料包括磷脂、胆固醇和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯;在所述相变型纳米粒表面连接有黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体;二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯采用聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇3400或聚乙二醇5000制成;在所述脂质体表面连接有黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体;所述相变型纳米粒粒径为250nm-350nm;
所述相变型纳米粒由如下依次进行的方法制备而成:
步骤a:将所述脂质体的原料、液态氟碳和金纳米棒加入二氯甲烷,搅拌形成乳浊液;
步骤b:将所述乳浊液以0.6ml/min-1.2ml/min的速度滴加入乙醇溶液,得包载液态氟碳和金纳米棒的纳米粒;
步骤c:利用二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-活性酯的活性酯基团连接黑色素瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体;
在所述步骤a之前,使用半胱氨酸溶液和碘化钾溶液处理金纳米棒,处理金纳米棒的方法为:在金纳米棒溶液中加入0.0005M的半胱氨酸溶液,经剧烈搅拌和静置后,离心取下部沉淀,获得半胱氨酸修饰的金纳米棒;将半胱氨酸修饰的金纳米棒加入0.00005M的碘化钾溶液中,经超声分散和静置后,离心取下部沉淀,获得半胱氨酸和碘化钾修饰的金纳米棒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种相变型纳米粒在制备造影剂中或在制备黑色素瘤治疗药物中的应用。
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