CN109617139B - Micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method based on two-stage fuzzy control - Google Patents
Micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method based on two-stage fuzzy control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for distributing energy of a micro-grid in a cooling system based on two-stage fuzzy control, which aims at the operating characteristics of main control unit energy storage equipment and non-renewable energy power generation equipment, optimizes decision boundaries of a fuzzy control process, namely critical loads of a primary power gap and a secondary power gap and upper and lower charge and discharge limits of a storage battery based on a fuzzy control method, and then determines a control method of the storage battery and a diesel generator based on the decision boundaries. The method comprehensively considers the required power and the real-time state of the energy storage equipment and the non-renewable energy power generation equipment, determines the power distribution of the energy storage equipment and the non-renewable energy power generation equipment under different conditions, realizes the optimal energy flow, and reduces the system operation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of operation optimization and management of a micro-grid cooling system, and particularly relates to a micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method based on two-stage fuzzy control.
Background
In the low latitude reef area with high temperature and high humidity, the indoor environment needs cooling most of the year. For island areas far from the public power grid but rich in wind and light resources, the best source of power for cooling is undoubtedly the microgrid. The cold supply system is driven by a micro-grid consisting of wind, light and diesel storage to continuously operate. The storage battery and the diesel generator are used as a main control unit. When the hybrid energy system is optimized, the energy distribution and scheduling strategy of the power supply is very critical in consideration of the fact that the sources are numerous and the supply and demand have strong uncertainty. This is directly related to the economy and reliability of the system operation.
Renewable energy sources such as wind power, photoelectricity and the like are preferably used, and the control strategy is simple. However, control strategies for energy storage devices (e.g., batteries) and non-renewable energy power generation devices (e.g., diesel generators) are relatively complex, both in terms of the operational characteristics and functionality of the energy storage devices and the non-renewable energy power generation devices. Reducing fuel consumption and reducing energy storage equipment operating costs are two conflicting goals in a microgrid Energy Management System (EMS). When the complexity of the system is increased, most controlled objects have the characteristics of time variation and nonlinearity. Fuzzy control can just overcome the limitation that it is increasingly difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model capable of being controlled in real time. The basic idea of the system is to simulate human thinking and control and manage energy of a time-varying nonlinear complex system. Due to the adaptability and robustness, FLC (fuzzy logic control) can flexibly deal with the uncertainty of different types and unpredictable variables (such as renewable energy power supply and load consumption) and distribution strategies.
In recent research, many beneficial attempts have been made to use FLCs for hybrid energy system energy management. However, these methods do not consider the economic operation characteristics of the non-renewable energy power generation equipment, and at the same time, control the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment in the optimal operation interval, so that the changes of the cooling demand load cannot be tracked better, and it is difficult to cope with the wind, light resources and net load under different conditions at the next moment, which leads to the increase of the total operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above limitation in the prior art, the invention provides a micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method based on two-stage fuzzy control, and solves the problem that the existing micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method cannot reasonably and effectively distribute different types of energy, so that the operation cost is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method based on two-stage fuzzy control uses renewable energy power generation equipment, non-renewable energy power generation equipment and energy storage equipment to supply power to provide energy for a cooling system, and comprises the following steps:
the energy per time instant is distributed by the following procedure:
when the net load delta P is less than or equal to 0, the renewable energy is used for supplying power to the cooling system, when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met, the renewable energy is stopped to supply power, the rest renewable energy is used for charging the energy storage equipment, and the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is controlled not to exceed the maximum storage capacity S limited by the energy storage equipment in the charging process max Ending the energy distribution;
when Δ P>0. And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal ～S high-optimal The energy storage equipment is used for supplying power to the cooling system, and when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met or the electric storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment is powered on, the power supply for the cooling system is stopped, and the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 1 ，
If delta P' 1 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if delta P' 1 >0, executing the B process;
wherein S is low-optimal Indicating the lower limit of discharge of the energy storage device, S high-optimal Representing the upper charge cycle limit of the energy storage device;
when Δ P is>0. And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S min ～S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment is obtained
And the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 2 ，
If delta P' 2 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if delta P' 2 >0, executing the B process;
wherein S is min A minimum charge capacity defined for the energy storage device itself;
when Δ P>0. And when the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S high-optimal ～S max When the net load requirement of the cooling equipment is met or the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 3 ，
If Δ P' 3 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if delta P' 3 >0, executing the B process;
a, process A: the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is not started;
and B, process: when 0 is present<ΔP′≤L c And the storage capacity S after the energy storage equipment is discharged D <S high-optimal When the system is full, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is started to supply power for the cooling systemWhen the net load demand of the cold supply system is sufficient, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is stopped to supply power, the residual electric quantity of the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is used for charging the energy storage equipment, and the electric quantity of the storage battery is controlled not to exceed S in the charging process high-optimal Ending the energy distribution;
wherein Δ P 'represents a secondary power notch Δ P' 1 、ΔP′ 2 Or delta P' 3 ；S D Indicating the amount of electricity after discharge of the energy storage device
Or
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula, C DW A cost reduction for non-renewable energy power generation equipment, yuan/kWh; c BW For energy storage equipment maintenance costs, dollars per kWh; p is Dr Rated power, kW, for non-renewable energy power generation equipment; c f Is the price of non-renewable energy, yuan/L; eta charge-discharge efficiency of the energy storage device; alpha is alpha D And beta D All represent non-renewable energy consumption coefficients;
when L is c <ΔP′≤ΔP′ max When the energy distribution is finished, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is started to supply power for the cooling system; wherein, delta P' max Represents the maximum value of Δ P'.
In particular, the lower discharge limit S of the energy storage device low-optimal And the upper charging limit S of the energy storage equipment high-optimal The determination process of (2) is: different storage capacities S of energy storage devices 0 Into a simulation system, wherein S 0 Is an arbitrary value of 0-100%, the operation cost of a cooling system is used as an optimization evaluation index, and the optimal storage capacity S of the storage battery is determined by utilizing a genetic algorithm low-optimal And S high-optimal 。
Optionally, when notWhen the expense of the renewable energy power generation equipment and the scheduling cost of the energy storage equipment are intersected, the net load delta P has critical load L d ，
When 0 is present<ΔP<L d The control process is the same as the above process; when L is d <ΔP≤ΔP max When the power supply system is started, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is started to supply power for the cooling system, the energy distribution is ended, and delta P max Represents the maximum net load; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in the formula, C DW A cost reduction for non-renewable energy power generation equipment, yuan/kWh; c BW For energy storage equipment maintenance costs, dollars per kWh; p is Dr Rated power, kW, for non-renewable energy power generation equipment; c f Is the price of non-renewable energy, yuan/L; alpha is alpha D And beta D All represent non-renewable energy consumption coefficients;
preferably, S is max 90% of S min The content was 10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the energy distribution method of the micro-grid cooling system provided by the invention can well control the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment in an optimal operation range while ensuring the economic operation of non-renewable power generation equipment. The energy for the cooling system will continue to be supplied regardless of changes in load and weather conditions. Different sources are flexibly distributed and coordinated and scheduled in an intelligent identification mode so as to meet the load requirement and maintain the better running state of the main control unit as much as possible. Simulation experiments show that the cost of the method is saved by 20.45 percent compared with the traditional hybrid control method; in addition, the system power loss rate LPSP of the method is minimum, the system is high in safety and reliability, and cold-electricity cooperation is well realized.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the energy distribution of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of membership functions for various variables.
Fig. 3 is a battery operating range.
FIG. 4 shows the contribution of the individual energy sources of method A, method B and the method of the embodiment of the invention, (1) the contribution of each energy source using method A, (2) the contribution of each energy source using method B, (3) the contribution of each energy source using the embodiment of the invention,
fig. 5 shows changes in the amount of charge in the battery according to methods a and B and the method of the present embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows changes in the load factor of the diesel engine according to the method a, the method B and the method of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The micro-grid consists of renewable energy power generation equipment, non-renewable energy power generation equipment and energy storage equipment, and the cooling system refers to a system or equipment (such as an air conditioner) for supplying indoor cooling. The micro-grid cooling system is characterized in that renewable energy power generation equipment, non-renewable energy power generation equipment and energy storage equipment are used for providing energy for the cooling system, and the method mainly controls the energy distribution process.
The energy storage equipment refers to equipment such as a storage battery or a super capacitor; the renewable energy power generation equipment refers to equipment which utilizes renewable energy to generate power, such as wind power or photoelectricity; the renewable energy power generation equipment refers to equipment such as a diesel engine or a coal burner.
In the invention, the net load delta P refers to the difference value between the load of the cooling system of the micro-grid and the power generation amount of renewable energy sources (such as wind power, photoelectricity and the like). When wind and light resources are abundant, the power generated after meeting the load demand is supplied to the battery pack for the next use; conversely, when the energy source is poor, there is a net load.
The invention flexibly distributes net load between the storage batteries of the two main control units and the diesel engine and coordinates energy flow mainly through a two-stage fuzzy control energy distribution method.
First, the signal flow in a two-stage fuzzy control process is determined:
the control isThe process preferentially utilizes renewable power generation. When wind and light resources are abundant, the power generated after the load demand is satisfied will be supplied to the battery pack for the next use. Conversely, when the energy source is poor, there is a net load Δ P. The part of the energy storage equipment which needs to bear is distributed by the first control stage, and the rest secondary power gap is complemented by the diesel engine. The quantity of supplement and the charging condition of the storage battery by the diesel engine are judged and controlled by the second control stage. The input in the first control stage is the state of charge S at the end of the last moment of the battery 0 (t-1) and net load, the output is a correction factor K of the original charge-discharge instruction of the storage battery bat (ii) a The second control stage input is the intermediate storage state S after the storage battery is charged and discharged at the current moment D (t) and the secondary power notch Δ P', the output being the discharge P of the diesel engine Firewood (t)。
Then, the net load and the storage capacity S of the energy storage equipment are set according to a large amount of experimental data and theoretical analysis 0 Membership functions of the variables, as shown in fig. 2. When the shape of the membership function is sharper, the resolution is higher, the output change caused by input is more violent, and the control sensitivity is higher; when the curve shape is slow, the resolution is low, the output change caused by input is not severe, the control characteristic is also slow, and the system stability is good. Thus, a low resolution curve is typically used in areas where input is large, a high resolution curve is used in areas where input is small, and a high resolution curve is used when input is near zero. The sign table of the fuzzy subset of membership function is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 membership function fuzzy subset notation
In the two-stage fuzzy control process of the invention, the net load delta P and the battery storage capacity S 0 And an energy storage deviceElectric quantity after discharge S D The formula for computing the isovariables is as follows:
ΔP＝P l (t)-P k (t) (3)；
ΔP′＝(1-K ba )[P l (t)-P k (t)] (6)
in the above formula, P k (t) represents the amount of renewable energy generated at time t, P l (t) represents the cooling system power demand at time t, P ba (t-1) representing the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment at the t-1 moment; p is e Representing the rated power of the energy storage equipment, Kw; k ba A correction factor representing the charge and discharge amount of the storage battery, obtained by table 2; p Firewood (firewood) (t) output power Kw, P of the non-renewable energy power generation device at time t Firewood (t-1) represents the output power, Kw, of the non-renewable energy power generation device at time t-1, which is obtained from Table 3.
TABLE 2 first-stage control rule Table
In the description of Table 2, the amount of stored electricity S is one 0 VS, net load Δ P PB, K bat VS, its physical meaning is: when the charge capacity of the battery is low and the net load is large (i.e., Δ P)>0) When, K bat For a very small value, it can be obtained by equation (6) that there is a secondary power gap Δ P', which indicates that it is necessary to enter the second control phase, and the control process of the specific second control phase is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 second stage control rule Table
In the second stage of control process, the load demand of the cooling system and the charging condition of the storage battery by the diesel engine are mainly complemented. In the description of Table 3, the amount of stored electricity S is one D EL, when the secondary power gap Δ P' NB, P Firewood (t) ═ ES; the physical meaning is: when the storage capacity of the storage battery is ultralow and the secondary power notch is a negative value (namely delta P'<0) When the discharge capacity of the diesel engine is small. Indicating that in this case there is no secondary power gap and no need to start the diesel engine.
Based on the control thought, the method adds a decision boundary, optimizes the optimal operation interval [ S ] which needs to be maintained by the energy storage equipment by taking the operation cost of the cooling system under different conditions as an index low-optimal ,S high-optimal ]，S low-optimal Represents the lower discharge limit of the energy storage device in the first control phase, S high-optimal Representing the upper limit of the cyclic charge of the energy storage device in the second control phase. S low-optimal And S high-optimal The determination process of (2) is: taking the running cost of the cooling system as an optimization evaluation index, and taking different storage capacities S of the energy storage equipment 0 Substituting into a simulation system for simulation, wherein S 0 Is an arbitrary value of 0 to 100%; the operation cost of the functional system is used as an optimization evaluation index, and the optimal storage capacity interval [ S ] of the energy storage equipment is determined by using a genetic algorithm or other intelligent optimization methods low-optimal ,S high-optimal ]Wherein, the simulation system can select the simulink simulation system of matlab.
Determining a critical load value L for supplying a cooling system with an energy storage device or a non-renewable energy power plant on the basis of the energy costs of the energy storage device and the costs of the non-renewable energy power plant d And L c 。
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula, C DW A cost per kWh for non-renewable power generation equipment; c BW For energy storage equipment maintenance costs, dollars per kWh; p Dr Rated power, kW, for non-renewable energy power generation equipment; c f Is the price of non-renewable energy, yuan/L; eta charge-discharge efficiency of the energy storage device; alpha is alpha D And beta D All represent non-renewable energy consumption coefficients, which can be found by the national standard manual of diesel engines.
Finally, the distribution and flow direction of the energy is determined based on the critical value and the operating characteristics of the energy storage device and the non-renewable energy power generation device. The energy per time instant is distributed by the following procedure:
firstly, the stored energy S of the energy storage equipment at the current moment is obtained 0 And a net load Δ P of the cooling system, wherein Δ P represents a difference between the cooling system load and the renewable energy generation in kW;
judging the condition of the net load, when the net load delta P is less than or equal to 0, indicating that the renewable energy source energy is sufficient, meeting the load requirement of the cooling system at the current moment, using the renewable energy source to supply power for the cooling system, when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met, stopping using the renewable energy source to supply power, charging the residual renewable energy source energy to the energy storage equipment, and controlling the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment not to exceed the maximum storage capacity S limited by the energy storage equipment in the charging process max Ending the energy distribution at the moment;
when Δ P>0, indicating insufficient renewable energy, the critical load L needs to be determined d If the cost of the non-renewable energy power generation equipment does not intersect with the scheduling cost of the energy storage equipment, the practical physical meaning is that the energy storage equipment is used under any load conditionThe energy of the equipment is more economical than the energy generated by non-renewable energy power generation equipment, and the critical load L does not exist in the delta P d The control process includes the following three conditions:
when Δ P is>0. And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal ～S high-optimal The energy storage equipment is used for supplying power to the cooling system, and when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met or the electric storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the power supply is stopped, the power supply for the cooling system is stopped, and the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 1 ，
If Δ P' 1 If the power is less than or equal to 0, the second-level power gap does not exist, and the process A is executed; if delta P' 1 >0, indicating that a secondary power gap exists in the system, and executing the process B;
when Δ P>0. And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S min ～S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment is obtained
And the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists' 2 ，
Indicating that no secondary power gap exists, and executing the process A; if delta P' 2 >0, indicating that a secondary power gap exists in the system, and executing the process B; s min The minimum charge capacity, which is generally 10%, is defined for the energy storage device itself;
when Δ P is>0. And when the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S high-optimal ～S max When the net load requirement of the cooling equipment is met or the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 3 ，
If Δ P' 3 If the power is less than or equal to 0, indicating that a secondary power gap does not exist, and executing the process A; if delta P' 3 >And 0, indicating that a secondary power gap exists in the system, and executing the process B.
If there is an intersection, then there is a critical load L for the net load Δ P d ，L d Calculated by the equation (2), the control process is as follows:
when 0 is present<ΔP<L d And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal ～S high-optimal The energy storage equipment is used for supplying power to the cooling system, and when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met or the electric storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the power supply is stopped, the power supply for the cooling system is stopped, and the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 1 ，
If delta P' 1 If the power is less than or equal to 0, the second-level power gap does not exist, and the process A is executed; if delta P' 1 >0, indicating that a secondary power gap exists in the system, and executing the process B;
when 0 is present<ΔP<L d And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S min ～S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment is obtained
And the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 2 ，
The second-level power gap does not exist, and the process A is executed; if delta P' 2 >0, indicating that a secondary power gap exists in the system, and executing the process B; s min A minimum charge capacity defined for the energy storage device itself;
when 0 is present<ΔP<L d And when the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S high-optimal ～S max When the net load requirement of the cooling equipment is met or the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 3 ，
If Δ P' 3 If the power is less than or equal to 0, the second-level power gap does not exist, and the process A is executed; if delta P' 3 >And 0, indicating that a secondary power gap exists in the system, and executing the process B.
When L is d <ΔP≤ΔP max And in time, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is used for supplying power to the cooling system, and the energy distribution process is finished. Delta P max Representing the maximum net load.
A, process A: the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is not started;
and B, process: when 0 is present<ΔP′≤L c And the electric quantity S of the energy storage equipment after discharging D <S high-optimal When the net load requirement of the cooling system is met, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is stopped to supply power, the residual electric quantity of the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is used for charging the energy storage equipment, and the electric quantity of the storage battery is controlled not to exceed S in the charging process high-optimal Ending the energy distribution;
wherein Δ P 'represents a secondary power notch Δ P' 1 、ΔP′ 2 Or delta P' 3 ；S D Indicating the amount of electricity after discharge of the energy storage device
Or
Wherein L is c The critical load corresponding to the intersection point of the circulating energy cost and the non-renewable energy cost curve of the energy storage equipment is determined by the formula (1).
When L is c <ΔP′≤ΔP′ max And starting the non-renewable energy power generation equipment to supply power for the cooling system, and ending energy distribution. Wherein, delta P' max Represents the maximum value of the secondary power notch Δ P'.
The net load changes at every moment in the control process, so that when the next moment is entered, the control process is repeated to redistribute the energy, and flexible distribution of the energy is realized.
Simulation experiment:
taking a certain low-latitude island reef as an example, the method provided by the invention is subjected to a simulation experiment on an MATLAB/simulink platform. The layout of the microgrid system is shown in table 1, in which the upper limit of the charge/discharge of the storage battery is 10% and the lower limit is 90%. The building is a residential building with the area of 3600 square meters.
TABLE 1 System configuration List
The meteorological data used in this example is derived from the "Standard weather database for construction", and the cooling load is calculated in real time by the Dest software.
Based on the method of the present invention, the decision boundary of the fuzzy control method in this embodiment is calculated and optimized to obtain:
optimum storage capacity interval [ S ] of storage battery low-optimal ,S high-optimal ]Is (55%, 75%)]I.e. the lower limit of discharge of the battery in the first stage is 55% and the upper limit of charge is S max 90%, minimum charge amount S of the battery itself min 10 percent; the upper limit of the cycle charging of the storage battery in the second stage is 75 percent; in this embodiment, there is no intersection between the cost curve of the diesel engine and the scheduling cost curve of the energy storage device, and therefore there is no critical load L d Diesel engineSecond order power gap medium critical load L c ＝15％，ΔP′ max 30. Based on the above critical value L d The energy distribution process is controlled based on the above control rules table 2 and table 3.
The invention also distributes system energy by another two methods, the method A comprises the following steps: the net load is borne by the storage battery, and the diesel engine is considered to be started after the discharge lower limit is reached. And (B) a method: the decision boundaries and battery optimum interval of the present invention are not used. Simulation experiments were also performed for both methods.
The performance of the microgrid during operation by the method of the invention and the other two methods is analyzed by taking a typical day (dry period, but large load) as an example. Referring to fig. 4(1), 4(2), 4(3), which are power outputs of all elements of the microgrid according to method a, method B and the method of the present embodiment, respectively, in fig. 4, battery represents a storage battery, DG represents a diesel generator, WT represents wind power generation, PV represents photovoltaic power generation, and Lord represents a cooling load.
As can be seen from fig. 4(1), when the method a is used for control, the battery is discharged for only 8 hours, and the battery is mostly in a state of low activity with a storage capacity of 10% and cannot be called. As can be seen from fig. 4(1), at the time points [6,7], [20,30] and [44,45], there are almost no wind and light resources, and when the storage battery has no discharging capability, the load is borne by the diesel engine with the highest operating cost among the micro sources.
As can be seen from fig. 4(2), when the method B is used for control, the battery and the diesel engine share the net load for more time periods. However, since the decision boundary is considered in the method B, the storage battery capacity of the storage battery cannot be controlled to be in the optimal operation interval while the economic operation characteristic of the diesel engine is ensured, so that the peak clipping and valley filling effects of the storage battery cannot be realized to the maximum extent, and the scheduled capacity at the next moment is not optimal. As can be seen from fig. 4, the charge capacity of the battery of the method B is at a medium level, and more battery scheduling cost is required, resulting in an increase in the total operating cost.
As can be seen from fig. 4(3), the allocation method of the present embodiment enables the net load to be optimally allocated between the battery and the diesel engine, and the operation characteristics of both are considered. As can be seen from fig. 5, the amount of charge of the battery is maintained in the optimum operating region while the diesel engine is also operated at as high a load rate as possible, as shown in fig. 6. The running cost of the system was calculated as shown in table 4.
Table 4 table of operation results of different strategies
As can be seen from Table 4, the method of the present embodiment saves the cost by 14.15% compared with the method B and 20.45% compared with the method A. In addition, the method has the advantages of minimum power loss rate LPSP (low power supply), high system safety and reliability and capability of well realizing cold-electricity cooperation. The method of the invention provides continuous energy no matter how the load and weather conditions change, and flexibly distributes and coordinates and schedules different energy sources in an intelligent identification mode so as to meet the load requirement and maintain the optimal power storage state of the battery as much as possible.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts based on the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A micro-grid cooling system energy distribution method based on two-stage fuzzy control is characterized in that renewable energy power generation equipment, non-renewable energy power generation equipment and energy storage equipment are used for supplying power to provide energy for a cooling system, and energy at each moment is distributed through the following processes:
when the net load delta P is less than or equal to 0, the renewable energy is used for supplying power to the cooling system, when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met, the renewable energy is stopped to supply power, the rest renewable energy is used for charging the energy storage equipment, and the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is controlled not to exceed the maximum electric storage capacity limited by the energy storage equipment in the charging processS max Ending the energy distribution;
when Δ P is>0. And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal ～S high-optimal The energy storage equipment is used for supplying power to the cooling system, and when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met or the electric storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the power supply is stopped, the power supply for the cooling system is stopped, and the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 1 ，
If delta P' 1 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if Δ P' 1 >0, executing the B process;
wherein S is low-optimal Indicating the lower limit of discharge of the energy storage device, S high-optimal Representing the upper charge cycle limit of the energy storage device;
when Δ P is>0. And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S min ～S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment is obtained
And the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 2 ，
If Δ P' 2 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if delta P' 2 >0, executing the B process;
wherein S is min A minimum charge capacity defined for the energy storage device itself;
when Δ P>0. And when the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S high-optimal ～S max When the net load requirement of the cooling equipment is met or the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists' 3 ，
If delta P' 3 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if Δ P' 3 >0, executing the process B;
a process: the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is not started;
and B, process: when 0 is present<ΔP′≤L c And the storage capacity S of the energy storage equipment after discharging D <S high-optimal When the net load demand of the cooling system is met, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is stopped to supply power, the residual electric quantity of the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is used for charging the energy storage equipment, and the electric quantity of the storage battery is controlled not to exceed S in the charging process high-optimal Ending the energy distribution;
wherein Δ P 'represents a secondary power notch Δ P' 1 、ΔP′ 2 Or delta P' 3 ；S D Indicating the amount of electricity after discharge of the energy storage device
Or
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula, C DW A cost per kWh for non-renewable power generation equipment; c BW For energy storage equipment maintenance costs, dollars per kWh; p Dr Rated power, kW, for non-renewable energy power generation equipment; c f Is the price of non-renewable energy, yuan/L; eta charge-discharge efficiency of the energy storage device; alpha is alpha D And beta D All represent non-renewable energy consumption coefficients;
when L is c <ΔP′≤ΔP′ max When the energy distribution is finished, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is started to supply power to the cooling system; wherein, delta P' max Represents the maximum value of Δ P';
L c the critical load corresponding to the intersection point of the circulating energy cost and the non-renewable energy cost curve of the energy storage equipment in the second control stage is represented;
in the two-stage fuzzy control process, the net load delta P and the battery storage capacity S 0 And the electric quantity S after the energy storage equipment is discharged D The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
ΔP＝P l (t)-P k (t) (3)；
ΔP′＝(1-K ba )[P l (t)-P k (t)] (6)
in the above formula, P k (t) represents the amount of renewable energy generated at time t, P l (t) represents the power demand of the cooling system at time t, P ba (t-1) representing the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment at the t-1 moment; p e Representing the rated power of the energy storage equipment, Kw; k ba A correction factor representing a charge and discharge amount of the storage battery; p Firewood (t) output power, Kw, of the non-renewable energy power generation device at time t;
determining the signal flow in the two-stage fuzzy control process:
the control process preferentially utilizes renewable generated energy, when wind and light resources are rich, the generated power is supplied to the battery pack for the next use after the load requirement is met, conversely, when the energy is poor, a net load delta P exists, the part of the energy storage equipment which needs to be borne is distributed in the first control stage, the rest two-stage power gap is complemented by the diesel engine, the complementing amount and the charging condition of the diesel engine to the storage battery are judged and controlled in the second control stage, and the storage state S at the last moment of the storage battery is input in the first control stage 0 (t-1) and net load, the output is a correction factor K of the original charge-discharge instruction of the storage battery ba (ii) a The second control stage input is the intermediate storage state S after the storage battery is charged and discharged at the current moment D (t) and the secondary power notch Δ P', the output being the discharge P of the diesel engine Firewood (t)。
2. The energy distribution method for the micro-grid cooling system based on the two-stage fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower discharge limit S of the energy storage equipment low-optimal And upper charging limit S of energy storage equipment high-optimal The determination process of (2) is: different storage capacities S of energy storage equipment 0 Into a simulation system, wherein S 0 Is an arbitrary value of 0-100%, and the operation cost of the cooling system is used as an optimization evaluation indexGenetic algorithm determines the optimum charge capacity S of the accumulator low-optimal And S high-optimal 。
3. The method for energy distribution of the cooling system of the microgrid based on the two-stage fuzzy control of claim 1, characterized in that when the cost of the non-renewable energy power generation equipment intersects with the scheduling cost of the energy storage equipment, the net load Δ P has a critical load L d ，
When 0 is present<ΔP<L d And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal ～S high-optimal The energy storage equipment is used for supplying power to the cooling system, and when the net load requirement of the cooling system is met or the electric storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the power supply is stopped, the power supply for the cooling system is stopped, and the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of electricity after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 1 ，
If delta P' 1 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if delta P' 1 >0, executing the B process;
wherein S is low-optimal Denotes the lower limit of discharge of the energy storage device, S high-optimal Representing the upper charge cycle limit of the energy storage device;
when 0 is present<ΔP<L d And the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S min ～S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment is obtained
And the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 2 ，
If delta P' 2 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if delta P' 2 >0, executing the B process;
wherein S is min A minimum charge capacity defined for the energy storage device itself;
when 0 is present<ΔP<L d And when the storage capacity of the energy storage equipment is S high-optimal ～S max When the net load requirement of the cooling equipment is met or the electric quantity of the energy storage equipment is S low-optimal When the energy storage equipment stops supplying power to the cooling system, the discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment in the power supply process is obtained
And the amount of power after power supply
Based on the amount of discharge
Judging whether a secondary power notch delta P 'exists or not' 3 ，
If delta P' 3 If the value is less than or equal to 0, executing the process A; if Δ P' 3 >0, executing the B process;
when L is d <ΔP≤ΔP max When the non-renewable energy power generation equipment is started to be a cooling systemSupplying power to the system, and ending energy distribution; delta P max The maximum net load is indicated, wherein,
in the formula, C DW A cost reduction for non-renewable energy power generation equipment, yuan/kWh; c BW For energy storage equipment maintenance costs, dollars per kWh; p Dr Rated power, kW, for non-renewable energy power generation equipment; c f Is the price of non-renewable energy, yuan/L; alpha is alpha D And beta D All represent non-renewable energy consumption coefficients;
L d and the critical load corresponding to the intersection point of the circulating energy cost and the non-renewable energy cost curve of the energy storage equipment in the first control stage is represented.
4. The method for energy distribution of the cooling system of the microgrid based on two-stage fuzzy control of claim 1, wherein S is used for controlling the cooling system of the microgrid according to the following claim max Is 90%, S min The content was 10%.
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