CN109613430B - Current determination method and device - Google Patents

Current determination method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109613430B
CN109613430B CN201910121342.1A CN201910121342A CN109613430B CN 109613430 B CN109613430 B CN 109613430B CN 201910121342 A CN201910121342 A CN 201910121342A CN 109613430 B CN109613430 B CN 109613430B
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current
traction motor
voltage
variable resistor
standard voltage
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CN109613430A (en
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刘军
白炜
苗雯
傅文林
张旭
左文彦
李成德
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Inner Mongolia Yitai Zhundong Rail Road Co ltd
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Inner Mongolia Yitai Zhundong Rail Road Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a current determination method and a current determination device, and relates to the technical field of locomotive equipment. The current determination method comprises the following steps: determining a parameter value of the variable resistor according to the traction motor; detecting standard voltages at two ends of the variable resistor; and determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor. The method comprises the steps of determining a parameter value of a variable resistor by calculating a resistance value of a sampling resistor in the traction motor, obtaining a current value of the variable resistor according to a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor and the parameter value of the variable resistor, determining the current value of the variable resistor as the current of the traction motor, and finally obtaining the current of the traction motor. Through confirming traction motor's electric current, avoided giving the mode of flowing through rising the bow, lead to inefficiency, saved a large amount of time for locomotive driver and on-vehicle equipment maintainer, improved efficiency.

Description

Current determination method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of locomotive equipment, in particular to a current determination method and a current determination device.
Background
During the operation process of the locomotive, various faults can occur in the traction motor, and whether the traction motor has faults or not can be determined through the change condition of the parameter value of the traction current displayed on the operation monitoring system.
In the related technology, when the operation monitoring system cannot display the traction current, a locomotive driver and a vehicle-mounted equipment maintainer are required to check the fault that the operation monitoring system cannot display the traction current according to the experience and the safety knowledge by adopting a pantograph raising and current supplying mode together according to the maintenance knowledge.
However, when the pantograph rises and the current is supplied, a locomotive driver and a vehicle-mounted equipment maintainer carry out troubleshooting, and much time is spent, so that the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a current determination method and a current determination device aiming at the defects in the prior art, so as to solve the problem of low efficiency caused by much time spent when a locomotive driver and a vehicle-mounted equipment maintainer carry out troubleshooting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a current determination method, including:
determining a parameter value of the variable resistor according to the traction motor;
detecting a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor;
and determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor.
Further, after the determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistance, the method further comprises:
judging whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with a display current to obtain a judgment result, wherein the display current is the current of the traction motor which is currently displayed;
and determining whether the display current has a fault according to the judgment result.
Further, after the determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistance, the method further comprises:
and forwarding the standard voltage to an operation monitoring system through a voltage frequency converter so that the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage.
Further, the forwarding the standard voltage to an operation monitoring system through a voltage-frequency converter so that the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage includes:
and sending the standard voltage to the voltage frequency converter, so that the voltage frequency converter converts the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal and sends the zero-crossing square wave signal to the operation monitoring system.
Further, the standard voltage is not greater than a reference voltage, and the reference voltage is generated by the code-sending proofreading instrument.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a current determination apparatus, where the apparatus includes:
the first determination module is used for determining a parameter value of the variable resistor according to the traction motor;
the detection module is used for detecting the standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor;
and the second determination module is used for determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor.
Further, the apparatus further comprises:
the judging module is used for judging whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with the display current to obtain a judging result, wherein the display current is the current of the currently displayed traction motor;
and the third determining module is used for determining whether the display current has faults or not according to the judgment result.
Further, the apparatus further comprises:
and the display module is used for forwarding the standard voltage to an operation monitoring system through a voltage frequency converter so that the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage.
Further, the display module is specifically configured to send the standard voltage to the voltage-to-frequency converter, so that the voltage-to-frequency converter converts the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal, and sends the zero-crossing square wave signal to the operation monitoring system.
Further, the standard voltage is not greater than a reference voltage, and the reference voltage is generated by the code-sending proofreading instrument.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in summary, according to the current determination method and apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present invention, a parameter value of a variable resistor is determined according to a traction motor; detecting standard voltages at two ends of the variable resistor; and determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor. The method comprises the steps of determining a parameter value of a variable resistor by calculating a resistance value of a sampling resistor in the traction motor, obtaining a current value of the variable resistor according to a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor and the parameter value of the variable resistor, determining the current value of the variable resistor as the current of the traction motor, and finally obtaining the current of the traction motor. The current of the traction motor can be displayed by determining the current of the traction motor, and the fault is checked by comparing the current of the traction motor with the current determined to be dragged, so that the problem of low efficiency caused by long time spent on checking the fault in a bow rising current supply mode is solved. Saves a large amount of time for locomotive drivers and vehicle-mounted equipment maintainers, and improves the efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current determination system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a current determination method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a current determination method according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current determination method and apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a current determining apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a current determination device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a current determination device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current determination system according to the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, the system includes: the device comprises a code sending calibrator 101, a voltage-frequency converter 102 and an operation monitoring system 103, wherein the code sending calibrator 101 is connected with the voltage-frequency converter 102, and the voltage-frequency converter 102 can be connected with the operation monitoring system 103.
Specifically, the resistance value of the variable resistor in the code-sending calibrator 101 is adjusted to simulate the sampling resistance of the traction motor on the locomotive, the standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor is measured, and the code-sending calibrator 101 can calculate the current flowing through the variable resistor according to the parameter value and the standard voltage of the variable resistor, so as to determine the current of the traction motor according to the current of the variable resistor.
The code-transmitting calibrator 101 may transmit the standard voltage to the voltage-to-frequency converter 102, and the voltage-to-frequency converter 102 may receive the standard voltage and convert the standard voltage into the zero-crossing square wave signal. The voltage-frequency converter 102 may transmit a zero-crossing square wave signal, and the operation monitoring system 103 may receive the zero-crossing square wave signal transmitted by the voltage-frequency converter, process the zero-crossing square wave signal, and finally display the current of the traction motor on the operation monitoring system 103.
In addition, the problem of the current display fault of the traction motor can be processed according to the judgment result by judging and determining whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with the current of the traction motor displayed by the operation monitoring system 103.
If the current of the traction motor is determined to be consistent with the current of the traction motor displayed by the operation monitoring system 103, the voltage-frequency converter 102 and the operation monitoring system 103 are not in fault, if the current of the traction motor is determined to be inconsistent with the current of the traction motor displayed by the operation monitoring system 103, at least one of the voltage-frequency converter 102 and the operation monitoring system 103 is in fault, and a maintenance person can check and maintain the fault.
It should be noted that, it may be determined whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with the current displayed on the operation monitoring system 103 according to the determination, and it may be determined that at least one of the voltage-frequency converter 102 and the operation monitoring system 103 has a fault according to the determination result, so as to avoid that the current of the traction motor can be displayed in a manner of raising a bow for supplying current during maintenance.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a current determination method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to the code-sending calibrator shown in fig. 1, and the method includes:
step 201, determining a parameter value of the variable resistor according to the traction motor.
Specifically, the code-sending calibrator can detect the sampling resistance of the traction motor on the locomotive and obtain the sampling resistance value, and the code-sending calibrator can adjust the variable resistance according to the input operation of a user, so that the parameter value of the variable resistance in the variable resistance access circuit is consistent with the resistance value of the sampling resistance of the traction motor. Therefore, the resistance value of the sampling resistor of the traction motor can be simulated through the parameter value of the variable resistor.
For example: the sampling resistor of the traction motor on the locomotive can be detected, the resistance value of the sampling resistor of the traction motor is obtained through detection, and the variable resistor is adjusted, so that the parameter value of the variable resistor in the variable resistor access circuit is consistent with the resistance value of the sampling resistor of the traction motor.
Step 202, detecting a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor.
Specifically, after determining the parameter value of the variable resistor, the code-sending calibrator may detect a standard voltage across the variable resistor, and determine the current value of the traction motor according to the detected standard voltage across the variable resistor in the subsequent step.
For example: the standard voltage at the two ends of the variable resistor can be measured through the voltage measuring circuit, one end of the voltage measuring circuit is connected with the input end of the variable resistor, the other end of the voltage measuring circuit is connected with the output end of the variable resistor, and the standard voltage at the two variable ends can be measured through the voltage measuring circuit.
It should be noted that the standard voltage at the two ends of the variable resistor may be detected by a measurement circuit, and the standard voltage at the two ends of the variable resistor may also be detected by other voltage measurement devices.
And step 203, determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor.
Because the parameter value of the variable resistor is consistent with the sampling resistance value of the traction motor, the value of the current flowing through the variable resistor can be calculated through the parameter value of the variable resistor and the standard voltage, and therefore the current of the traction motor is determined according to the value of the current flowing through the variable resistor.
Specifically, the code-sending calibrator may calculate a current value passing through the variable resistor according to the obtained parameter values of the standard voltage and the variable resistor and through a relationship between the standard voltage, the variable resistor, and the current value passing through the variable resistor, and may use the calculated current value of the variable resistor as the current value of the traction motor.
For example: if the measured standard voltage is 100V (volt) and the parameter value of the variable resistor is 10 Ω (ohm), the value of the current flowing through the variable resistor may be 10A (ampere) according to ohm's law (relationship between voltage, current, and resistance), and 10A may be used as the current value of the current of the traction motor.
In summary, in the current determining method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the parameter value of the variable resistor is determined according to the traction motor; detecting standard voltages at two ends of the variable resistor; and determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor. The method comprises the steps of determining a parameter value of a variable resistor by calculating a resistance value of a sampling resistor in the traction motor, obtaining a current value of the variable resistor according to a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor and the parameter value of the variable resistor, determining the current value of the variable resistor as the current of the traction motor, and finally obtaining the current of the traction motor. The fault is checked by comparing the current of the traction motor with the current determined to be traction, so that the problem of low efficiency caused by more time spent in checking the fault in a pantograph rising current supply mode is solved. Saves a large amount of time for locomotive drivers and vehicle-mounted equipment maintainers, and improves the efficiency.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a current determining method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the method includes:
step 301, determining a parameter value of the variable resistor according to the traction motor.
Step 302, detecting a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor.
And step 303, determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor.
The process of step 301 to step 303 is similar to the process of step 201 to step 203, and is not described herein again.
And step 304, forwarding the standard voltage to the operation monitoring system through the voltage frequency converter so that the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage.
The standard voltage is not greater than the reference voltage, and the reference voltage is generated by the code-sending proofreading instrument.
Specifically, the code-sending calibrator sends the standard voltage to the voltage-frequency converter, and forwards the standard voltage to the operation monitoring system through the voltage-frequency converter, so that the operation monitoring system can display the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage, and the displayed current of the traction motor can be compared in subsequent steps. The specific process of this step 304 is described in detail as follows:
optionally, the standard voltage is sent to the voltage-frequency converter, so that the voltage-frequency converter converts the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal, and sends the zero-crossing square wave signal to the operation monitoring system.
Specifically, the code-sending calibrator can send a standard voltage to the voltage-frequency converter so that the voltage-frequency converter receives the standard voltage and converts the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal, and the operation monitoring system can display the current of the traction motor according to the zero-crossing square wave signal.
For example: the code sending calibrator can send standard voltage to the voltage-frequency converter so that the voltage-frequency converter can receive the standard voltage and then convert the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal of +/-15V (volt), so that the voltage-frequency converter forwards the zero-crossing square wave signal to the operation monitoring system, and finally the operation monitoring system can display the current of the traction motor according to the zero-crossing square wave signal.
And 305, judging whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with the display current or not to obtain a judgment result.
Wherein, the display current is the current of the traction motor which is displayed currently.
Specifically, whether the current of the traction motor calculated by the parameter values of the standard voltage and the variable resistor is consistent with the displayed current of the traction motor or not is judged, a judgment result is obtained, and the judgment result can be compared with the judgment result. The judgment result can be divided into two types, one type can be that the current of the traction motor is consistent with the display current, and the other type can be that the current of the traction motor is inconsistent with the display current.
And step 306, determining whether the display current has a fault according to the judgment result.
And particularly, by determining the parameter value of the variable resistor, the resistance value of a sampling resistor on the traction motor can be simulated, the current of the traction motor is determined according to the standard voltage at the two ends of the variable resistor and the parameter value of the variable resistor, according to the determined current of the traction motor, a standard voltage can be input to the voltage-frequency converter, so that the voltage-frequency converter forwards the standard voltage to the operation monitoring system, the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage, comparing the determined current of the traction motor with the current of the display traction motor, if the current of the display traction motor is consistent with the determined current of the traction motor, it may indicate that the display current is not faulty, and if the display traction motor current is not consistent with the determined traction motor current, it may indicate that the voltage to frequency converter or the operation monitoring system is faulty.
In summary, in the current determining method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the parameter value of the variable resistor is determined according to the traction motor; detecting standard voltages at two ends of the variable resistor; and determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor. The fault is checked by comparing the current of the traction motor with the current determined to be traction, so that the problem of low efficiency caused by more time spent in checking the fault in a pantograph rising current supply mode is solved. Saves a large amount of time for locomotive drivers and vehicle-mounted equipment maintainers, and improves the efficiency.
Furthermore, when the code sending calibrator outputs a standard voltage, the current of the traction motor can be displayed on the operation monitoring system, whether the current of the traction motor is consistent or not is judged through the determined current of the traction motor and the current of the traction motor, if the current of the traction motor is inconsistent, the current of the traction motor can be subjected to troubleshooting, a large amount of time is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current determination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the apparatus specifically includes:
a first determining module 401, configured to determine a parameter value of the variable resistor according to the traction motor;
a detection module 402, configured to detect a standard voltage across a variable resistor;
and a second determining module 403, configured to determine the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, the apparatus further comprises:
the judging module 404 is configured to judge whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with the display current, to obtain a judgment result, where the display current is the current of the currently displayed traction motor;
and a third determining module 405, configured to determine whether the display current has a fault according to the determination result.
Optionally, referring to fig. 6, the apparatus further comprises:
and a display module 406, configured to forward the standard voltage to the operation monitoring system through the voltage-to-frequency converter, so that the current of the traction motor is displayed according to the standard voltage.
Optionally, the display module 406 is specifically configured to send the standard voltage to the voltage-to-frequency converter, so that the voltage-to-frequency converter converts the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal, and sends the zero-crossing square wave signal to the voltage-to-frequency converter.
Optionally, the standard voltage is not greater than a reference voltage, and the reference voltage is generated by the code-sending proofreading instrument.
In summary, in the current determination apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the parameter value of the variable resistor is determined according to the traction motor; detecting standard voltages at two ends of the variable resistor; and determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor. The method comprises the steps of determining a parameter value of a variable resistor by calculating a resistance value of a sampling resistor in the traction motor, obtaining a current value of the variable resistor according to a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor and the parameter value of the variable resistor, determining the current value of the variable resistor as the current of the traction motor, and finally obtaining the current of the traction motor. The fault is checked by comparing the current of the traction motor with the current determined to be traction, so that the problem of low efficiency caused by more time spent in checking the fault in a pantograph rising current supply mode is solved. Saves a large amount of time for locomotive drivers and vehicle-mounted equipment maintainers, and improves the efficiency.
The above-mentioned apparatus is used for executing the method provided by the foregoing embodiment, and the implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which are not described herein again.
These above modules may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as: one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or one or more microprocessors (DSPs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), among others. For another example, when one of the above modules is implemented in the form of a Processing element scheduler code, the Processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other processor capable of calling program code. For another example, these modules may be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a current determination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the apparatus may be integrated in a terminal device or a chip of the terminal device, and the terminal may be a computing device with a current determination function.
The device includes: memory 701, processor 702.
The memory 701 is used for storing programs, and the processor 702 calls the programs stored in the memory 701 to execute the above method embodiments. The specific implementation and technical effects are similar, and are not described herein again.
Optionally, the invention also provides a program product, for example a computer-readable storage medium, comprising a program which, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the above-mentioned method embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.
The integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The software functional unit is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor (processor) to execute some steps of the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A current determination method, applied to a code-transmitting proof reader, the method comprising:
determining a parameter value of a variable resistor according to a traction motor, wherein the parameter value of the variable resistor is consistent with a resistance value of a sampling resistor of the traction motor;
detecting a standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor;
determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor;
after the determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistance, the method further comprises:
judging whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with a display current to obtain a judgment result, wherein the display current is the current of the traction motor which is currently displayed;
determining whether the display current has a fault according to the judgment result;
after the determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistance, the method further comprises:
and forwarding the standard voltage to an operation monitoring system through a voltage frequency converter so that the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein forwarding the standard voltage to an operation monitoring system via a voltage to frequency converter to cause the operation monitoring system to display the current of the traction motor based on the standard voltage comprises:
and sending the standard voltage to the voltage frequency converter, so that the voltage frequency converter converts the standard voltage into a zero-crossing square wave signal and sends the zero-crossing square wave signal to the operation monitoring system.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference voltage is not greater than a reference voltage, the reference voltage being generated by a code verifier.
4. A current determination apparatus for use in a code-based verifier, the apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a first determination module, a second determination module and a control module, wherein the first determination module is used for determining a parameter value of a variable resistor according to a traction motor, and the parameter value of the variable resistor is consistent with the resistance value of a sampling resistor of the traction motor;
the detection module is used for detecting the standard voltage at two ends of the variable resistor;
the second determination module is used for determining the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage and the parameter value of the variable resistor;
the device further comprises:
the judging module is used for judging whether the current of the traction motor is consistent with the display current to obtain a judging result, wherein the display current is the current of the currently displayed traction motor;
the third determining module is used for determining whether the display current has a fault according to the judgment result;
the device further comprises:
and the display module is used for forwarding the standard voltage to an operation monitoring system through a voltage frequency converter so that the operation monitoring system displays the current of the traction motor according to the standard voltage.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the display module is specifically configured to send the standard voltage to the voltage to frequency converter, such that the voltage to frequency converter converts the standard voltage to a zero-crossing square wave signal and sends the zero-crossing square wave signal to the operation monitoring system.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 or 5, wherein the reference voltage is not greater than a reference voltage, the reference voltage being generated by the code verifier.
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