CN109612846B - Device and method for testing bending resistance of fiber material by double-end clamping three-bending method - Google Patents
Device and method for testing bending resistance of fiber material by double-end clamping three-bending method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109612846B CN109612846B CN201910071597.1A CN201910071597A CN109612846B CN 109612846 B CN109612846 B CN 109612846B CN 201910071597 A CN201910071597 A CN 201910071597A CN 109612846 B CN109612846 B CN 109612846B
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012999 compression bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0435—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils modifying the type of the force applied, e.g. the chuck transforms a compressive machine for applying a bending test
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing bending resistance of a fiber material by a double-end clamping three-bending method. The test device comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp which are provided with jaws and are used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a sample respectively; the counterweight is fixed at the lower end of the sample and enables the sample to bear initial tension and straighten under the action of gravity; the lower clamp is driven by the driving mechanism to move up and down, and the lower clamp is clamped between the upper clamp and the lower clamp in the upward moving process, so that a sample can form a three-bending form; the upper clamp is connected with a load cell. The testing device has a simple structure and is convenient to operate, and the testing method using the device greatly improves the accuracy and the testing efficiency of the testing result and the possibility of actual popularization and application, and successfully solves the problem of bending resistance testing of the fiber material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fiber material testing instruments and testing methods, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing bending resistance of a fiber material by a double-end clamping three-bending method. The method is suitable for flexural strength quality inspection of chemical fiber filaments, optical fibers, hairs, short fibers and the like, product quality control and analysis and research of flexural performance of various novel fiber materials by research institutions.
Background
The fibrous material is subjected to bending forces during processing and during use of the finished product, resulting in bending deformations. In the apparel textile industry, filaments or yarns in a fabric are subjected to bending deformation when in use to affect the hand softness and style of the fabric; in the home textile industry, filaments are cut into short fibers to be used as fillers to cover the external fabric, the fibers are repeatedly bent and deformed under the action of external force in use, and when the bending recovery of the fibers is poor, permanent deformation can be generated, for example, a bad pillow collapses for a long time so as to be incapable of being normally used; in the screen printing process in the printing industry, chemical fiber filaments in the screen are stressed to generate bending deformation to influence the printing quality. In addition, the bending resistance of the fiber material in the production fields of optical fibers, toothbrushes, brushes and the like directly influences the hardness degree of the fiber material product in use, so that the research of the fiber material bending resistance test method and the test device thereof has important significance.
The bending performance test method of the current general material sample comprises a cantilever beam method, a heart-shaped method, a three-point method, a four-point method and the like. The cantilever beam method is only suitable for a material sample with high stiffness, and cannot be used for measuring the bending resistance of a softer fiber material sample; heart-shaped method is commonly used for testing the bending rigidity of fabrics, but when the method is used for testing the bending resistance of fiber materials, the fiber materials are thin and soft, so that a heart-shaped ring is difficult to form by the fiber material sample and the bending resistance of the heart-shaped ring is difficult to measure; the three-point method or the four-point method is generally used for measuring the bending rigidity of the hard material, and has problems on the aspects of sample preparation, sample placement and fixation, external force action point sliding and the like of flexible material fibers, and the research of the flexible material fibers is still in an exploratory stage. The JQ03D single fiber stretching and compression bending instrument developed by Shanghai middle morning digital technical equipment company is used for researching a fiber bending test method, and is characterized in that the test fiber bending method is adopted to fix one end of a fiber, and the other end of the fiber rotates freely, namely an axial compression bending method of 'half bending', and the method has the problems that one end of the fiber possibly slides when penetrating into a micropore platform, the position of a fiber hinge end is difficult to determine, the fiber with the protruded fixed end possibly skews, and the like, so that the lengths of fiber samples between the hinge end and the fixed end are different, the fiber bending performance measurement result is deviated, and the accuracy and the stability of the test result are affected, so that the method cannot be practically popularized and applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-end clamping three-bending-method fiber material bending-force resistance testing device and method, which mainly solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by:
a double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the device comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp which are provided with jaws and are respectively used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a sample; the counterweight is fixed at the lower end of the sample and enables the sample to bear initial tension and straighten under the action of gravity; the lower clamp is driven by the driving mechanism to move up and down, and the lower clamp is clamped between the upper clamp and the lower clamp in the upward moving process, so that a sample can form a three-bending form; the upper clamp is connected with a load cell.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the counterweight is a tension clamp.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the driving mechanism of the lower clamp holder comprises a stepping motor, a stepping driver, a screw block and a screw rod; the stepping motor is driven to rotate by a stepping driver; the stepping motor is further connected with the screw rod and drives the screw rod to rotate; the screw rod is connected with a screw block, and the screw block can move up and down along with the rotation of the screw rod; the slide block is connected with the lower clamp holder.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the lower clamp holder is provided with a downward moving limit position, the limit position is an initial position, and a limiter is arranged at the corresponding screw moving position during the initial position.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the force transducer is connected with a controller through an amplifying circuit, and the controller is also connected with a step driver.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the controller is a computer.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the computer is further connected to an output device.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the output device is a display and/or a printer.
A double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing method is characterized in that: the device for testing the bending resistance of the fiber material by adopting the double-end clamping three-bending method is implemented by the following specific steps:
A. clamping a fiber material sample to the middle parts of jaws of an upper clamp and a lower clamp, connecting the lower end of the fiber material sample with a counterweight, and straightening the fiber material sample under the initial tension of the counterweight under the action of the gravity of the counterweight;
B. the lower clamp holder is driven by the driving mechanism to move upwards slowly, the position of the upper clamp holder is kept unchanged, the distance between the upper clamp holder and the lower clamp holder is gradually reduced, and the fiber material sample is subjected to bending deformation force after being bent, passes through the upper clamp holder and is collected by the force sensor;
C. the position of the upper clamp holder is kept unchanged, the initial tension applied to the fiber material sample is gradually reduced to zero in the process of upwards and slowly moving the lower clamp holder, and then the fiber material sample is gradually bent and deformed to form three bending forms consisting of an ab section, a bc section and a cd section;
D. when the lower clamp holder continues to ascend, the bending degree of the sample is increased, the bending resistance is continuously increased, and the bending resistance gradually decreases after reaching the maximum force peak value, namely the maximum bending resistance value of the sample.
The double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method further includes step E, when the bending resistance is reduced to a value greater than a set value, the lower clamp is driven by the driving mechanism to descend and return to stop at the initial position under the control of a limiter.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. the device for testing the bending resistance of the fiber material by the double-end clamping three-bending method has the advantages of accurate and reliable instrument performance, wide application range, simple sample preparation, convenient operation and the like. During testing, the fiber material is cut into a short section sample with a certain length, the upper end of the sample is clamped by the upper clamp, the other end of the sample is straightened under the action of the gravity of the tension clamp after the initial tension is born, the lower clamp clamps the lower end of the sample, then the position of the upper clamp is kept unchanged, the lower clamp moves upwards, the fiber material sample is gradually bent and deformed, and the bending resistance of the fiber material is measured through the force transducer connected with the upper clamp and the acquisition system thereof.
2. The device and the method for testing the bending resistance of the fiber material by adopting the double-end clamping three-bending method can better solve the problem of sample placement. Before the test, the fiber material sample is straightened and sagged under the action of the gravity of the tension clamp so as to avoid the inclination of the sample during the placement, so that the length of the sample between the upper clamp holder and the lower clamp holder is kept fixed and vertical to the end faces of the upper clamp holder and the lower clamp holder, the consistency of test conditions is achieved, and the reliability and the reproducibility of the bending resistance test result are improved.
3. The device adopts a milligram-grade high-precision sensor, acquires the bending resistance change of the fiber material sample in the bending process in real time, draws a bending resistance-displacement curve, and obtains the maximum bending resistance value of the fiber material sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-ended clamp three-bend fiber material bending resistance apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three bend schematic of a double clamped fiber material sample.
In the figure: 1-upper clamp, 2-lower clamp, 3-sample, 4-tension clamp, 5-screw block, 6-screw rod, 7-limiter, 8-step motor, 9-step driver, 10-load cell, 11-amplifying circuit, 12-computer, 13-display, 14-printer, ab section-small bend of sample, bc section-large bend of sample, cd section-small bend of sample.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing bending resistance of a fiber material by a double-end clamping three-bending method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in the figure: it comprises an upper gripper 1 and a lower gripper 2 with jaws for gripping the upper end and the lower end of a sample 3 respectively; a counterweight fixed at the lower end of the sample 3 and making the sample 3 straighten under the action of the gravity thereof under the initial tension; the lower gripper 2 is driven by a driving mechanism to move up and down, and the lower gripper 2 is clamped between the upper gripper 1 and the lower gripper 3 during the upward movement, so that the sample 3 can form a three-bending shape; the upper clamp 1 is connected with a load cell 10.
In this embodiment, the counterweight is a tension clamp 4. When the device is used, the upper clamp 1 clamps the upper end of the fiber material sample 3, the tension clamp 4 clamps the other end of the fiber material sample 3, the fiber material sample is straightened under the action of the gravity of the tension clamp 4 under the initial tension, and is vertical to the end faces of the upper clamp and the lower clamp, the lower clamp clamps the lower end of the fiber material sample again, and the fiber material sample between the upper clamp and the lower clamp is used for measuring the fiber bending resistance.
In this embodiment, the driving mechanism of the lower gripper 2 comprises a stepping motor 8, a stepping driver 9, a screw block 5 and a screw rod 6; the stepping motor 8 is driven to rotate by a stepping driver 9; the stepping motor 8 is further connected with the screw rod 6 and drives the screw rod 6 to rotate; the screw rod 6 is connected with a screw block 5, and the screw block 5 can move up and down along with the rotation of the screw rod 6; the slider 5 is connected to the lower holder 2.
Furthermore, the lower holder 2 has a downward movement limit position, which is an initial position at which the stopper 7 is provided at the corresponding screw 5 movement position.
In addition, the force transducer 10 is connected with a controller through an amplifying circuit 11, and the controller is also connected with a control stepping driver 9; the controller is a computer 12; the computer 12 is further connected to an output device; the output means is a display 13 and/or a printer 14.
By the embodiment of the device, the method for testing the bending resistance of the fiber material by the double-end clamping three-bending method is further implemented, and comprises the following specific steps:
A. clamping a fiber material sample 3 to the middle part of the jaws of the upper clamp 1 and the lower clamp 2, connecting the lower end of the fiber material sample 3 with a counterweight, and allowing the fiber material sample 3 to bear initial tension under the action of the gravity of the counterweight and straighten;
B. the lower clamp holder 2 is driven by the driving mechanism to move upwards slowly, the position of the upper clamp holder 1 is kept unchanged, the distance between the upper clamp holder 1 and the lower clamp holder 2 is gradually reduced, and the fiber material sample 3 is subjected to bending deformation force after being bent, passes through the upper clamp holder 1 and is collected by the force sensor 10;
C. the position of the upper clamp holder 1 is kept unchanged, the initial tension applied to the fiber material sample 3 is gradually reduced to zero in the process of upwards and slowly moving the lower clamp holder 2, and then the fiber material sample is gradually bent and deformed to form three bending forms consisting of a ab section, a bc section and a cd section;
D. when the lower clamp 2 continues to rise, the bending degree of the sample 3 is increased, the bending resistance is continuously increased, and the bending resistance gradually decreases after reaching the maximum force peak value, namely the maximum bending resistance value of the sample.
Further preferably, the method further comprises step E of driving the lower gripper 2 by the driving mechanism to descend back to stop at the initial position controlled by a stopper 7 when the bending resistance is reduced to a difference from the bending resistance peak value greater than the set value. Then, the computer 12 automatically displays the bending resistance change curve of the sample 3 when it is bent by an output device such as the display 13 or the printer 14, and stores the maximum bending resistance value of the sample.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism may also adopt a slide rail and a slide block mechanism driven by a cylinder, the slide block may be moved up and down on the slide rail under the driving of the cylinder, and the slide block may be further connected with the lower gripper 2, and the effect is basically similar to that of the above preferred embodiment.
Preferably, the load cell 10 may employ a milligram grade or higher accuracy sensor.
The application range of the technology of the invention comprises the application range of the technology in bending resistance quality inspection of chemical fiber filaments, optical fibers, hairs, short fibers and the like, product quality control and analysis and research of bending performance of various novel fiber materials by research institutions.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Equivalent changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is characterized in that: the device comprises an upper clamp (1) and a lower clamp (2) which are provided with jaws and are respectively used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a sample (3); a counterweight fixed at the lower end of the sample (3) and enabling the sample (3) to bear initial tension and straighten under the action of gravity; the lower clamp holder (2) is driven by a driving mechanism to move up and down, and the lower clamp holder (2) is clamped between the upper clamp holder (1) and the lower clamp holder (2) in the upward moving process, so that the sample (3) can form a three-bending shape; the upper clamp holder (1) is connected with a load cell (10).
2. The double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the counterweight is a tension clamp (4).
3. The double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the driving mechanism of the lower clamp holder (2) comprises a stepping motor (8), a stepping driver (9), a screw block (5) and a screw rod (6); the stepping motor (8) is driven to rotate by a stepping driver (9); the stepping motor (8) is further connected with the screw rod (6) and drives the screw rod (6) to rotate; the screw rod (6) is connected with a screw block (5), and the screw block (5) can move up and down along with the rotation of the screw rod (6); the screw block (5) is connected with the lower clamp holder (2).
4. A double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the lower clamp holder (2) is provided with a downward-moving limit position, wherein the limit position is an initial position, and a limiter (7) is arranged at the moving position of the corresponding screw block (5) in the initial position.
5. A double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the load cell (10) is connected with a controller through an amplifying circuit (11), and the controller is also connected with a step driver (9).
6. The double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the controller is a computer (12).
7. The double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the computer (12) is further connected to an output device.
8. The double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the output means is a display (13) and/or a printer (14).
9. A double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing method is characterized in that: the double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device is implemented by adopting the double-end clamping three-bending method fiber material bending resistance testing device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, and comprises the following specific steps:
A. clamping a fiber material sample (3) to the middle parts of the jaws of an upper clamp holder (1) and a lower clamp holder (2), connecting the lower end of the fiber material sample (3) with a counterweight, and allowing the fiber material sample (3) to bear initial tension under the action of the gravity of the counterweight to straighten;
B. the lower clamp holder (2) is driven to move upwards slowly through the driving mechanism, the position of the upper clamp holder (1) is kept unchanged, the distance between the upper clamp holder (1) and the lower clamp holder (2) is gradually reduced, and the fiber material sample (3) receives bending deformation force after being bent, passes through the upper clamp holder (1) and is collected by the force sensor (10);
C. the position of the upper clamp holder (1) is kept unchanged, in the process that the lower clamp holder (2) moves upwards slowly, the initial tension applied to the fiber material sample (3) is gradually reduced to zero, and then the fiber material sample (3) is gradually bent and deformed to form three bending forms consisting of a ab section, a bc section and a cd section;
D. when the lower clamp holder (2) continues to ascend, the bending degree of the sample (3) is increased, the bending resistance is continuously increased, and the bending resistance gradually decreases after reaching the maximum force peak value, namely the maximum bending resistance value of the sample.
10. The double-ended clamp tri-bend fiber material bending resistance test method of claim 9, wherein: the method further comprises a step E of driving the lower clamp holder (2) to descend by the driving mechanism back to stop under the control of a limiter (7) at the initial position when the bending resistance is reduced to a difference from the bending resistance peak value being larger than a set value.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910071597.1A CN109612846B (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | Device and method for testing bending resistance of fiber material by double-end clamping three-bending method |
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| CN201910071597.1A CN109612846B (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | Device and method for testing bending resistance of fiber material by double-end clamping three-bending method |
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| CN109612846B true CN109612846B (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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| CN110398424A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-01 | 四川旭虹光电科技有限公司 | Device and method for testing the warping resistance intensity of flexible determinand |
| CN113624615A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-09 | 长飞（武汉）光系统股份有限公司 | Optical cable bending tension resistance testing device and testing method |
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