CN109612566B - Vibration monitor - Google Patents
Vibration monitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109612566B CN109612566B CN201910137198.0A CN201910137198A CN109612566B CN 109612566 B CN109612566 B CN 109612566B CN 201910137198 A CN201910137198 A CN 201910137198A CN 109612566 B CN109612566 B CN 109612566B
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- extension rod
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/12—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of longitudinal or not specified vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/12—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of longitudinal or not specified vibrations
- G01H1/16—Amplitude
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration monitor, comprising: a bracket; the swing arm comprises a swing arm ball which is movably connected with the bracket and can rotate at will, a swing arm rod, a counterweight and an extension rod, wherein the upper end of the swing arm rod is fixedly connected with the swing arm ball, the counterweight is arranged at the lower end of the swing arm rod, the first end of the extension rod is connected with the lower end of the swing arm rod, the second end of the extension rod extends downwards, or the first end of the extension rod is connected with the upper end of the swing arm rod, and the second end of the extension rod extends upwards; the damping system plays a damping role on swing of the swing arm; the swing arm can swing to any transverse direction, the swing amplitude of the swing arm represents the vibration intensity of the monitoring position, and the direction of the horizontal component of the swing direction is the direction of the horizontal component of the seismic source direction. The invention has the characteristics of miniaturization, low price, simple operation and easy maintenance, and can monitor the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the direction of the horizontal component of the direction of the seismic source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to detection equipment, in particular to a vibration monitor.
Background
Microscopic particles such as electrons, atoms, molecules and the like are as small as electronic product equipment, earth, stars and universe, people monitor vibration of the microscopic particles through various equipment and instruments to obtain a plurality of research data, and research results of the microscopic particles are widely applied to daily life work of people. At present, people generally cling a vibration sensor of the vibration monitoring device to mechanical equipment to monitor vibration of the mechanical equipment; or the vibration monitoring device is arranged on the ground to directly monitor the vibration of the ground. For monitoring with larger vibration, common vibration monitoring equipment can meet the use requirement, but for the vibration of the fine machining equipment with weak vibration, the ground and the like, the monitoring data is distorted. For example, the seismograph of the invention is invented by stretching over 1900 years ago, the earthquake observation table network used in China is used at present, the accuracy of the earthquake observation table network is extremely high, weak vibration signals can be monitored, the seismograph can be used for monitoring the vibration of finishing equipment, the earth and the like, but the seismograph belongs to large-scale equipment with complex structures, and the seismograph needs special maintenance and is not suitable for common enterprises and public institutions and individuals. With the development of the current fine processing equipment, the seismic safety consciousness of people and the like, the small vibration monitor is suitable for common enterprises and institutions and individuals, has low price, is easy to operate and is easy to maintain, and the small vibration monitor becomes an increasingly urgent requirement of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration monitor which is used for monitoring the vibration intensity of a monitoring position and the direction of a horizontal component of the direction of a vibration source.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vibration monitor, comprising:
a bracket;
the swing arm comprises a swing arm ball which is movably connected with the bracket and can rotate at will, a swing arm rod, a counterweight and an extension rod, wherein the upper end of the swing arm rod is fixedly connected with the swing arm ball, the counterweight is arranged at the lower end of the swing arm rod, the first end of the extension rod is connected with the lower end of the swing arm rod, the second end of the extension rod extends downwards, or the first end of the extension rod is connected with the upper end of the swing arm rod, and the second end of the extension rod extends upwards;
a damping system for damping the swing arm swing;
the swing arm can swing to any transverse direction, the swing amplitude of the swing arm represents the vibration intensity of the monitoring position, and the direction of the horizontal component of the swing direction is the direction of the horizontal component of the seismic source direction.
Further comprises:
the displacement sensor is arranged on the extension rod and is used for acquiring a displacement parameter of the displacement sensor which swings relative to the self-resting position;
a calculation unit that calculates a value of a vibration intensity of the monitoring position and a value of a horizontal component direction of the source direction based on the displacement magnification K of the extension rod, the damping system parameter, and the acquired displacement parameter;
wherein the displacement sensor is connected to the sensorThe distance from the center of the swing arm ball to the center of the swing arm ball is L, and the distance from the center of gravity of the swing arm rod, the extension rod, the displacement sensor and the balance weight which are combined together to the center of the swing arm ball is L 0 Then k=l/L 0 。
The algorithm of the calculation unit for calculating the value of the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the seismic source direction based on the displacement amplification factor K of the extension rod, the damping system parameter and the obtained displacement parameter is a noise filtering algorithm.
The noise filtering algorithm is a Kalman filtering algorithm.
The support comprises a base, a first vertical rod, a second vertical rod, a cross rod and a cavity, wherein one end of the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are fixed on the other end of the base, the other end of the first vertical rod and the other end of the second vertical rod extend upwards, the two ends of the cross rod are respectively fixed on the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod, the cavity is formed in the cross rod, and the swing arm ball is movably arranged in the cavity.
The cavity is:
the first concave cavity is arranged on the top surface of the cross rod, and the bottom of the first concave cavity is provided with a first opening;
the second concave cavity is arranged on the fixed block, and the fixed block covers the first concave cavity so that the first concave cavity and the second concave cavity jointly form the cavity;
when the second end of the extension rod extends downwards, the swing arm rod penetrates through the first opening and can swing to any transverse direction; the top of the second cavity has a second opening through which the extension rod passes and is capable of swinging in any lateral orientation when the second end of the extension rod extends upwardly.
The damping system includes:
a damping bracket;
a damping snap ring mounted on the damping bracket, wherein the inner wall of the damping bracket is provided with a damping groove extending along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the damping bracket;
the magnetic ring is arranged in the damping groove and can reciprocate along the radial direction;
the magnetic piece is arranged on the counterweight, and the polarity of the magnetic piece is the same as that of the magnetic ring; or the magnetic piece is composed of the counterweight, and the counterweight is made of a magnetic material with the same polarity as the magnetic ring;
or,
the damping system includes:
a damping bracket;
a damping snap ring mounted on the damping bracket, wherein the inner wall of the damping bracket is provided with a damping groove extending along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the damping bracket;
an electrostatic ring disposed in the damping groove and capable of reciprocating in a radial direction;
the static piece is arranged on the balance weight, and the charges of the static piece and the static ring are the same in polarity; alternatively, the electrostatic member is constituted by the counterweight made of an electrostatic material having the same charge as that of the electrostatic ring;
wherein, this counter weight is located this damping snap ring inner circle.
The damping system includes:
a damping bracket;
a damping snap ring mounted on the damping bracket, wherein the inner wall of the damping bracket is provided with a damping groove extending along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the damping bracket;
an inner ring disposed in the damping groove and reciprocally movable in a radial direction;
the outer ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the swing arm rod, the counterweight or the extension rod;
one end of the elastic piece is connected with the outer ring, and the other end of the elastic piece is connected with the inner ring;
wherein the swing arm lever, the counterweight or the extension lever is positioned in the damping snap ring inner ring.
The elastic piece is a spring band, a tension spring or a rubber band.
The damping system includes:
the liquid tank is arranged below the swing arm rod and is provided with a through hole communicated with the cavity in the tank;
a viscous liquid contained in the liquid tank;
a damper hammer immersed in the viscous liquid;
a flexible wire which passes through the through hole to connect the damper hammer with the second end of the extension rod when the second end of the extension rod extends downward, and passes through the through hole to connect the damper hammer with the lower end of the swing arm rod when the second end of the extension rod extends upward;
wherein the flexible wire is free to slide within the through hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the characteristics of miniaturization, low price, simple operation and easy maintenance, and can monitor the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the direction of the horizontal component of the direction of the seismic source.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention (including a housing).
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention (without the housing).
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrical connection structure between a computing unit and a displacement sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a bracket according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention (without the housing).
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of still another embodiment of the present invention (without the housing).
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention (without the housing).
Fig. 12 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention (without the housing).
Fig. 14 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of fig. 13.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the features and functions of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," etc. herein do not denote a order, nor the importance of the terms being used in conjunction therewith.
In the invention, the monitoring position is the position where the vibration monitor of the invention is placed; the source is where vibrations are induced. The direction of the seismic source is the direction pointing from the monitoring position to the place causing vibration.
Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate one embodiment of a vibration monitor in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present invention. The vibration monitor comprises a bracket, a swing arm, a displacement sensor 8, a calculating unit 9, a damping system and an outer cover 23.
Referring also to fig. 5 and 6, the support supports the swing arm, the displacement sensor 8, etc., and comprises a base 1, a cross bar 2, first and second uprights 3 and 4, and a cavity. One end of the first and second upright rods 3, 4 is fixed on the base 1, and the other end extends upwards. The two ends of the cross rod 2 are respectively fixed on the first upright rod 3 and the second upright rod 4. The cavity is provided in the cross bar 2. The base 1, the cross bar 2, the first upright 3 and the second upright 4 can be fixed by screw fastening but not limited to.
Specifically, the cavity includes a first cavity 2-1 and a second cavity 10-1. The first concave cavity 2-1 is arranged on the top surface of the cross bar 2, and the bottom of the first concave cavity is provided with a first opening 2-2. The second cavity 10-1 is disposed on the fixing block 10, and the fixing block 10 is covered on the first cavity 2-1, so that the first cavity 2-1 and the second cavity 10-1 together form a cavity, and the cavity is preferably spherical. The fixing block 10 and the cross bar 2 can be fixed by, but not limited to, screw fastening.
The swing arm comprises a swing arm ball 11, a swing arm rod 5, a counterweight 6 and an extension rod 7.
The swing arm ball 11 is movably connected with the bracket and can rotate at will. Specifically, the swing arm ball 11 is movably arranged in the cavity of the bracket and can rotate randomly, so that the swing arm can swing transversely and randomly. The direction of the horizontal component of the swing direction of the swing arm is the direction of the horizontal component of the direction of the seismic source, namely the direction of the horizontal component of the direction of the seismic source, which is used for indicating the direction of the horizontal component of the direction of the seismic source, and the swing amplitude of the swing arm represents the vibration intensity of the monitoring position. The swing arm ball 11 is matched with the cavity in a movable way. The smaller the friction force between the swing arm ball 11 and the cavity is, the higher the vibration direction monitoring accuracy is. The gap between the swing arm ball 11 and the cavity is filled with lubricant for reducing friction between the swing arm ball 11 and the cavity. The upper end of the swing arm lever 5 is fixedly connected with the swing arm ball 11. The swing arm 5 passes through the first opening and can swing in any transverse direction. The counterweight 6 is provided at the lower end of the swing arm lever 5. Thus, the swing arm is hung on the bracket to form a simple pendulum.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first end of the extension rod 7 is connected to the lower end of the swing arm rod 5 and the second end thereof extends downward.
The swing arm ball 11 and the swing arm rod 7 are preferably made of metal materials. The extension rod 7 is used for amplifying the displacement of the gravity center of the mechanism formed by the swing arm rod 5, the counterweight 6, the displacement sensor 8 and the extension rod 7, namely the extension rod 7 amplifies the vibration intensity of the monitoring position. Herein, the displacement magnification of the extension lever 7 to the center of gravity of the mechanism constituted by the swing arm lever 5, the counterweight 6, the displacement sensor 8, and the extension lever 7 is simply referred to as the displacement magnification of the extension lever 7.
The damping system plays a damping role on swing of the swing arm so as to dissipate kinetic energy of the swing arm and inhibit noise signals of the vibration monitor. If the damping system is not additionally arranged, the swing arm is a single pendulum hung on the bracket, and if a vibration signal (impulse) is given to the swing arm, the vibration is consistent and continuous under the condition of no intervention of external acting force, and the real-time test of the vibration is not significant. If the continuous vibration signal is given, the vibration signal received in the early stage is an interference signal, namely a noise signal, during the test, so that the monitoring signal is submerged by the noise signal, and the monitoring result is meaningless. Therefore, for simple pendulum, only the vibration once occurs is known, and monitoring of vibration, especially real-time monitoring, is not significant. Referring also to fig. 2-14, the damping system provides a retarding force to the swing arm during the swing of the swing arm, continuously retarding the movement of the swing arm. The damping system dissipates the energy transmitted by the swing arm through the system, and continuous energy consumption is realized for the swing arm. If the vibration monitor receives the pulse vibration signal, after the swing arm swings, the swing gradually slows down under the action of the damping system until stopping. If the vibration monitor receives the continuous vibration signal, the noise signal is attenuated, and the real-time monitoring of the vibration signal is completed under the assistance of the noise filtering algorithm.
The damping system will be described in detail later.
In order to derive the values of the vibration intensity of the monitoring location and the values of the horizontal component direction of the source direction, the invention is implemented jointly with a displacement sensor 8 and a calculation unit 9.
The displacement sensor 8 is disposed on the extension rod 7, for example, on the second end of the extension rod 7. The displacement sensor 8 is used to acquire a displacement variable of the displacement sensor itself, which is pivoted relative to its position when the displacement sensor itself is stationary. The displacement sensor 8 converts the acquired displacement parameter into a corresponding electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal.
Referring also to fig. 4, the calculation unit 9 is connected to the displacement sensor 8 by wireless or wired connection. The calculation unit 9 calculates the value of the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the source direction based on the displacement magnification K of the extension rod 7, the damping system parameter, and the acquired displacement parameter. Specifically, the calculation unit 9 calculates the value of the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the source direction by a noise filtering algorithm based on the displacement magnification K of the extension rod 7, the damping system parameter, and the displacement parameter acquired by the displacement sensor 8. The calculation unit 9 converts the electric signal output by the displacement sensor 8 into a corresponding displacement parameter, and then calculates the value of the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the seismic source direction through a noise filtering algorithm based on the corresponding displacement parameter, the displacement amplification factor K of the extension rod 7 and the damping system parameter. The noise filtering algorithm may be, but is not limited to, a kalman filtering algorithm.
The noise filtering algorithm is specifically applied to: the displacement parameters obtained by the displacement sensor 8 include physical parameters such as self displacement (vector), first derivative of displacement (velocity, vector), second derivative of displacement (acceleration, vector), third derivative of displacement (vector), moment of inertia (vector), and the like. And substituting the displacement amplification factor K of the extension rod 7, the damping system parameters and the obtained physical parameters into a noise filtering algorithm for processing, filtering interference signals such as noise and the like, and directly calculating the value of the vibration intensity of the instant monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the seismic source direction.
The damping system parameters belong to the parameters of the vibration monitor itself. The greater the damping, the better the noise suppression effect. However, too much damping will reduce the vibration accuracy of the vibration monitor; the damping is too small and noise is not suppressed. Therefore, the damping system parameters should be properly selected according to the actual situation.
When the invention receives a single vibration signal, the bracket drives the swing arm ball 11 to move, and the counterweight 6 does not displace under the inertia effect. Then, the swing arm ball 11 drives the swing arm rod 7, and further drives the counterweight 6 to move. The swing arm lever 5, the extension lever 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 are combined together to form a center of gravity, the vibration displacement of the center of gravity is approximately equal to the displacement of the monitoring position, and the extension lever 7 amplifies the vibration intensity of the monitoring position.
When the invention receives the continuous vibration signal, the bracket drives the swing arm ball 11 to move, and the counterweight 6 does not displace under the inertia effect. Then, the swing arm ball 11 drives the swing arm rod 7, and further drives the counterweight 6 to move. After the displacement sensor 8 and the swing arm (the swing arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the counterweight 6 and the swing arm ball 11) swing, kinetic energy is obtained, and the vibration signal of the vibration source is immediately received while the self kinetic energy is dissipated through the damping system to restrain system noise, so that energy is obtained. The accumulated kinetic energy of the gravity center of the swinging arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 are larger than the kinetic energy of the mass object at the measuring position, namely the displacement amount of the mass object is larger than the displacement amount at the monitoring position, and at the moment, the monitoring precision of the vibration monitor is lower. If the distance between the center of gravity of the swinging arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 and the center of sphere of the swinging arm ball 11 are resonant with the vibration frequency of the measured position or object, the cumulative kinetic energy of the center of gravity of the swinging arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 together reaches the maximum value in unit time, and at this time, the vibration monitor of the invention has the highest monitoring precision. If the distance between the center of gravity of the swinging arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 and the center of sphere of the swinging arm ball 11 deviates far from the vibration frequency of the measured position or object, the cumulative kinetic energy of the center of gravity of the swinging arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 together reaches a minimum value in unit time, and at this time, the vibration monitor only can monitor the vibration with larger vibration intensity. Therefore, the swing arm 7 is required to amplify the vibration intensity of the monitoring position in a first stage, and the extension rod 7 amplifies the vibration intensity of the monitoring position in a second stage, so that the distance between the center of gravity of the swing arm 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8, and the counterweight 6 and the center of gravity of the swing arm ball 11 and the vibration frequency of the seismic source resonate as much as possible.
The amplified displacement signal is transmitted to a displacement sensor 8 attached to the extension rod 7 or its tip. The displacement sensor 8 monitors the displacement of the self in real time in the vibration and swing process of the swing arm, acquires the displacement parameter of the self swinging relative to the self static position, converts the displacement parameter into a corresponding electric signal, outputs the electric signal, and transmits the electric signal to the computing unit 9. After converting the electrical signal into a corresponding displacement parameter, the calculating unit 9 calculates the value of the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the seismic source direction through a noise filtering algorithm based on the corresponding displacement parameter, the displacement amplification factor K of the extension rod 7 and the damping system parameter.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, the displacement sensor 8, the swing arm lever 5, the extension lever 7, the counterweight 6 and the swing arm ball 11 are collinear. Similarly, the displacement sensor 8, the swing arm lever 5, the extension lever 7, the counterweight 6 and the swing arm ball 11 are not collinear or not completely collinear, and the object of the invention can be achieved.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, another perspective view (without the outer cover) of the present invention is shown. Fig. 7 and 8 differ from the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3 in that: the first end of the extension rod 7 is connected with the upper end of the swing arm rod 5, and the second end of the extension rod extends upwards, in the structure, the top of the second concave cavity 10-1 is provided with a second opening, and the extension rod 7 passes through the second opening and can swing to any transverse direction; the damping system is different in structure, and the structure of the damping system will be described in detail later. The displacement sensor 7 is also provided at the second end of the extension rod 7. Otherwise, fig. 7 and 8 are identical to the embodiments shown in fig. 2 and 3. In the structure shown in fig. 7 and 8, the extension rod 7 amplifies the vibration intensity at the monitoring position.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, the damping system is a magnetic damping system, and the damping system parameters include friction coefficient, damping snap ring size, damping groove size, magnetic field size, and the like. The damping system comprises a damping bracket, a damping clamping ring 12, a magnetic ring 13 and a magnetic piece 14.
The damping bracket is used for supporting the damping snap ring 12, the magnetic ring 13, the magnetic piece 14 and the like, and comprises a plurality of support rods 15, wherein the lower end of each support rod 15 is fixed with the base through a screw, and the upper end of each support rod is fixed with the damping snap ring 12 through a fixing screw, so that the damping snap ring 12 is arranged on the damping bracket.
The inner ring wall of the damping snap ring 12 has a damping groove extending circumferentially along the inner ring wall. The counterweight 6 is positioned at the inner ring of the damping snap ring 13. A magnetic ring 13 is provided in the damping groove and is reciprocally movable in the radial direction. The magnetic ring 13 is preferably embedded in the damping snap ring 12 to prevent the magnetic ring 13 from being separated, for example, the outer diameter of the magnetic ring 13 is smaller than the outer diameter of the damping groove. A gap between the magnetic ring 13 and the damping groove may be filled with a lubricant.
The magnetic member 14 is disposed on the counterweight 6, and has the same polarity as the magnetic ring 13. Or the counterweight 6 is made of a magnetic material with the same polarity as the magnetic ring 13.
When the damping device works, the magnetic ring 13 is acted by the magnetic force of the magnetic piece 14 or the counterweight 6, and moves in the damping groove, and the kinetic energy of the damping device is dissipated through friction, so that the kinetic energy of the swing arm is dissipated, and the noise of the damping device is restrained.
Based on the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, the magnetic damping system is replaced by an electrostatic damping system, and the damping system parameters include friction coefficient, damping clamp ring size, damping groove size, electrostatic field size and the like. Specifically: the magnetic piece 14 on the counterweight 6 is replaced by an electrostatic component made of electrostatic material or an electrostatic ring made of electrostatic material, the magnetic ring 13 is replaced by an electrostatic ring made of electrostatic material, and the electrostatic ring and the electrostatic component or the charges of the counterweight 6 are all the same in polarity, so that electrostatic repulsive force can be generated between the electrostatic ring and the charges. Otherwise, the embodiments shown in fig. 2 and 3 are the same.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, in the embodiment shown in fig. 9 and 10, the damping system is an elastic damping system, and the damping system parameters include friction coefficient, spring stiffness coefficient, damping snap ring size, damping groove size, and the like. The damping system comprises a damping bracket, a damping clamping ring 12, an inner ring 16, an outer ring 17 and an elastic piece 18.
The damping bracket is used for supporting the damping snap ring 12, the inner ring 16, the elastic piece 18 and the like, and comprises a plurality of support rods 15, wherein the lower end of each support rod 15 is fixed with the base through a screw, and the upper end of each support rod is fixed with the damping snap ring 12 through a fixing screw, so that the damping snap ring 12 is arranged on the damping bracket.
The inner ring wall of the damping snap ring 12 has a damping groove extending circumferentially along the inner ring wall. An inner ring 16 is disposed within the damping slot and is reciprocally movable in a radial direction.
The outer ring 17 is sleeved on the outer wall of the swing arm rod 5, and in this case, the swing arm rod 5 is preferably positioned in the inner ring of the damping snap ring 12. It will be appreciated that the outer ring 17 may also be fitted over the outer wall of the counterweight 6 or extension rod 7, in which case the counterweight 6 or extension rod 7 is correspondingly located within the damped clasp inner ring.
One end of the elastic member 18 is connected to the outer ring 17, and the other end thereof is connected to the inner ring 16. In the embodiment shown in fig. 9 and 10, the elastic member 18 is a tension spring.
Fig. 11 and 12 differ from the embodiment shown in fig. 9 and 10 in that: in the embodiment shown in fig. 11 and 12, the elastic member 18 is a rubber band. Otherwise, the embodiment shown in fig. 9 and 10 is the same.
In addition to the above, the elastic member 18 may be other elastic members, such as a spring band, or the like.
The elastic members 18 are preferably uniformly distributed in the inner circumferential direction of the damping collar 12.
The elastic force between the inner ring 16 and the outer ring 17 is a tensile force. The inner ring 16 receives the tensile force transmitted to the elastic piece 18 by the counterweight 6, moves in the damping groove, and the kinetic energy of the inner ring is dissipated through friction in the movement process, so that the kinetic energy of the swing arm is dissipated, and the noise of the invention is restrained.
Referring also to fig. 7, 8, 13, 14, fig. 13, 14 differ from the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 3 in that: the damping system of the embodiment shown in fig. 13 and 14 is a viscous damping system, and the damping system parameters include the size of the damper, the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid, and the like. Otherwise, the embodiments shown in fig. 2 and 3 are the same. In the embodiment shown in fig. 13 and 14, the damping system of this embodiment comprises a liquid reservoir 19, a viscous liquid 20, a damper hammer 21, and a flexible wire 22 when the second end of the extension rod 7 extends downwards.
The liquid tank 19 is fixed on the base 1 and arranged below the swing arm 5, and is provided with a through hole communicated with the cavity in the tank. The through holes are preferably located above the liquid tank 19.
A viscous liquid 20 is contained in the liquid tank 19. The damper hammer 21 is immersed in the viscous liquid 20; a flexible wire 22 connects the damper hammer 21 to the second end of the extension rod 7 through a through hole in the liquid tank 19. The viscous liquid 20 may be, but is not limited to, lubricating oil, clear oil, and the like.
The ratio of the density of the damper 21 to the density of the viscous liquid 20 is preferably (1.1 to 3.0). The density ratio of damper hammer 21 to viscous liquid 20 is reduced and the noise suppression capability of the present invention is reduced. The increase of the density ratio of the damper hammer 21 to the viscous liquid 20 weakens the displacement signal amplifying capability of the swing arm lever 5 and the extension lever 7 to vibration.
Fig. 7 and 8 differ from the embodiment shown in fig. 13 and 14 in that: the second end of the extension rod 7 extends upwards, i.e. the first end of the extension rod 7 is connected with the upper end of the swing arm rod 5 and the second end extends upwards, and in this structure, the flexible wire 22 connects the damper hammer 21 with the lower end of the swing arm rod 7 through the through hole of the liquid tank 19, and the flexible wire 22 can slide freely in the through hole. Otherwise, the embodiment shown in fig. 13 and 14 is the same.
When the damping hammer 21 works, the damping hammer 21 is driven to move in viscous liquid by acting force transmitted by the counterweight 6, and in the moving process, solid-liquid surface friction acting force exists between the damping hammer 21 and the viscous liquid 20, so that kinetic energy of the damping hammer 21 is quickly dissipated in the viscous liquid 20, dissipation of kinetic energy of the swing arm is realized, and noise of the damping hammer is suppressed.
In the present invention, the longer the swing arm lever 5 is, the higher the vibration intensity monitoring accuracy is. When the vibration to be measured and the swing arm resonate, the monitoring precision of the vibration monitor is sharply improved. When the length of the swing arm 5 is selected, the monitoring of the vibration frequency is required to be prioritized, and the miniaturization design is considered. The heavier the weight 6 is, the lower the gravity center of the mechanism formed by the swing arm rod 5, the weight 6, the displacement sensor 8 and the extension rod 7 is, which is more beneficial to reducing the friction force at the rotation connecting position,The influence of factors such as the self weight of the swing arm 5 on the monitoring result. The extension rod 7 is preferably made of a lightweight material such as wood, bamboo, polymer material, hollow pipe, etc. The extension rod 7 and the swing arm rod 5 are arranged on the same side (or different sides) of the swing arm ball and are used for amplifying the vibration intensity of the monitoring position, for example, the displacement amplification multiple of the extension rod 7 is K, the distance from the displacement sensor 8 to the center of the swing arm ball 11 is L, and the distance from the center of gravity of the swing arm rod 5, the extension rod 7, the displacement sensor 8 and the counterweight 6 together to the center of the swing arm ball 11 is L 0 Then the displacement magnification factor k=l/L 0 。
The cover 23 has a substantially cylindrical structure with one closed end, and the open end thereof is closed to the base 1, and the core components such as the cross bar 2, the first and second uprights 3 and 4, the swing arm lever 5, the counterweight 6, the extension lever 7, and the displacement sensor 8 are accommodated therein for protection. When the computing unit 9 is connected to the displacement sensor 8 by wireless, the housing 23 is made of a material that does not shield the radio frequency signals. When the calculation unit 9 is connected to the displacement sensor 8 by a wire, the calculation unit 9 may be integrally formed with the displacement sensor 8, may be connected by a flexible light communication wire, or the like.
The specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the invention is not described in any detail with respect to the various possible combinations.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments thereof, which are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive, and variations and modifications are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the general inventive concept.
Claims (7)
1. A vibration monitor, comprising:
a bracket;
the swing arm comprises a swing arm ball which is movably connected with the bracket and can rotate at will, a swing arm rod, a counterweight and an extension rod, wherein the upper end of the swing arm rod is fixedly connected with the swing arm ball, the counterweight is arranged at the lower end of the swing arm rod, the first end of the extension rod is connected with the lower end of the swing arm rod, the second end of the extension rod extends downwards, or the first end of the extension rod is connected with the upper end of the swing arm rod, and the second end of the extension rod extends upwards;
a damping system for damping the swing arm swing;
the swing arm can swing to any transverse direction, the swing amplitude of the swing arm represents the vibration intensity of the monitoring position, and the direction of the horizontal component of the swing direction is the direction of the horizontal component of the seismic source direction;
characterized in that the damping system comprises:
a damping bracket;
a damping snap ring mounted on the damping bracket, wherein the inner wall of the damping bracket is provided with a damping groove extending along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the damping bracket;
the magnetic ring is arranged in the damping groove and can reciprocate along the radial direction;
the magnetic piece is arranged on the counterweight, and the polarity of the magnetic piece is the same as that of the magnetic ring; or the magnetic piece is composed of the counterweight, and the counterweight is made of a magnetic material with the same polarity as the magnetic ring;
alternatively, the damping system includes:
a damping bracket;
a damping snap ring mounted on the damping bracket, wherein the inner wall of the damping bracket is provided with a damping groove extending along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the damping bracket;
an electrostatic ring disposed in the damping groove and capable of reciprocating in a radial direction;
the static piece is arranged on the balance weight, and the charges of the static piece and the static ring are the same in polarity; alternatively, the electrostatic member is constituted by the counterweight made of an electrostatic material having the same charge as that of the electrostatic ring;
wherein the counterweight is positioned in the inner ring of the damping snap ring;
alternatively, the damping system includes:
a damping bracket;
a damping snap ring mounted on the damping bracket, wherein the inner wall of the damping bracket is provided with a damping groove extending along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the damping bracket;
an inner ring disposed in the damping groove and reciprocally movable in a radial direction;
the outer ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the swing arm rod, the counterweight or the extension rod;
one end of the elastic piece is connected with the outer ring, and the other end of the elastic piece is connected with the inner ring;
wherein the swing arm lever, the counterweight or the extension lever is positioned in the damping snap ring inner ring.
2. The vibration monitor of claim 1, further comprising:
the displacement sensor is arranged on the extension rod and is used for acquiring a displacement parameter of the displacement sensor which swings relative to the self-resting position;
a calculation unit that calculates a value of a vibration intensity of the monitoring position and a value of a horizontal component direction of the source direction based on the displacement magnification K of the extension rod, the damping system parameter, and the acquired displacement parameter;
wherein the distance from the displacement sensor to the sphere center of the swing arm is L, and the distance from the gravity center of the swing arm rod, the extension rod, the displacement sensor and the balance weight to the sphere center of the swing arm is L 0 Then k=l/L 0 。
3. The vibration monitor according to claim 2, wherein the algorithm for calculating the value of the vibration intensity of the monitoring position and the value of the horizontal component direction of the source direction by the calculation unit based on the displacement magnification factor K of the extension rod, the damping system parameter, and the acquired displacement parameter is a noise filtering algorithm.
4. A vibration monitor according to claim 3, wherein the noise filtering algorithm is a kalman filtering algorithm.
5. The vibration monitor according to claim 1, wherein the bracket comprises a base, a first upright and a second upright with one end fixed to the other end of the base and extending upward, a cross bar with both ends fixed to the first upright and the second upright respectively, and a cavity provided in the cross bar, and the swing arm ball is movably provided in the cavity.
6. The vibration monitor of claim 5, wherein the cavity:
the first concave cavity is arranged on the top surface of the cross rod, and the bottom of the first concave cavity is provided with a first opening;
the second concave cavity is arranged on the fixed block, and the fixed block covers the first concave cavity so that the first concave cavity and the second concave cavity jointly form the cavity;
when the second end of the extension rod extends downwards, the swing arm rod penetrates through the first opening and can swing to any transverse direction; the top of the second cavity has a second opening through which the extension rod passes and is capable of swinging in any lateral orientation when the second end of the extension rod extends upwardly.
7. The vibration monitor of claim 1, wherein the elastic member is a spring band, a tension spring, or a rubber band.
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| CN111368459B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2023-08-01 | 河北振创电子科技有限公司 | Wind power generation support tower cylinder vibration fatigue evaluation method, device, medium and terminal |
| CN113240993B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-08-02 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | Seismic acceleration response spectrum display model and operation method |
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