CN109610402A - Low sand content density current physical model and its test method - Google Patents
Low sand content density current physical model and its test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of low husky content density current physical model and its test methods, comprising: runner model, clear water reservoir, the first clear water aperture case, the first muddy water aperture case, muddy water stirring pool, low-key reservoir, high storage pond and outlet water pond；The outlet of the clear water reservoir and the inlet communication of first clear water aperture case, the outlet of the muddy water stirring pool and the inlet communication of first muddy water aperture case, the inlet communication of the outlet of first clear water aperture case, the outlet of the first muddy water aperture case with the runner model, the physical model that the present invention passes through design reservoir to be tested, reservoir can be tested when there is water sand to import to form the low density current containing sand, the Characteristics of Evolution of its silt content enters the influence converged to Environment of Reservoirs to understand water sand.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reservoir density current modelling technique fields, and in particular to a kind of low husky content density current physics
Model and its test method.
Background technique
Moisturizing engineering is one of key project system of basin water environment comprehensive treatment, can effectively increase gross amount of water resources
With raising environmental capacity of water, accelerate water body in lake and recycle and exchange, improves water environment with particularly significant to administering Chishui and polluting
Effect.But there are the flood season sediment concentration more withered phases in actual moving process to dramatically increase, and the water body of pumping plant water intaking is muddy
The problem of, it is found according to monitoring, when silt content is greater than 0.056kg/m3When to water environment, there are larger impacts.According to field investigation
With Preliminary calculation and analysis as a result, it has been found that the formation of density current and operation are wherein crucial influence factors.
When density current refers to that two one kind or two more than one fluids with different densities contact with each other, density variation makes
It obtains one of fluid to flow along interface, and the fortune of blending of overall importance does not occur with other fluids in flow process
Dynamic phenomenon.Density current can lead to the difference for having certain with the variation of temperature, salinity.
In the related technology, the parameter for acquiring section in reservoir is needed to calculate density current to judge the influence to water environment, but
It is that the detection that carries out density current to the structure of entire reservoir at the scene is very inconvenient and be difficult to calculate different water sand when importing reservoir
Influence to water environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of low husky content density current objects
Model and its test method are managed, density current detection is very inconvenient to be caused to solve in the prior art to carry out the water environment of reservoir
It is difficult to judge the problem of influencing Environment of Reservoirs when water sand imports.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: including:
Runner model, clear water reservoir, the first clear water aperture case, the first muddy water aperture case, muddy water stirring pool, low-key reservoir,
High storage pond and outlet water pond；
The outlet of the clear water reservoir and the inlet communication of first clear water aperture case, the muddy water stirring pool go out
Mouthful with the inlet communication of first muddy water aperture case, the outlet of first clear water aperture case, the first muddy water aperture case out
Inlet communication of the mouth with the runner model；
The outlet of the low-key reservoir is connected to the entrance of the high storage pond, and the low-key reservoir is regulated and stored with the height
Pond is connected to by water pump, and the outlet of the high storage pond is connected to the exit of the runner model；
The outlet storage pool is used to store the water of the exit outflow of the runner model.
Further, the runner model includes:
Mainstream and tributary.
Further, further includes:
Second clear water aperture case and the second muddy water aperture case；
The outlet of the clear water reservoir and the inlet communication of second clear water aperture case, the muddy water stirring pool go out
Mouthful with the inlet communication of second muddy water aperture case, the outlet of second clear water aperture case, the second muddy water aperture case out
Mouth is connected to the entrance in the tributary, and the outlet in the tributary is connected to the mainstream.
Further, it is equipped in the muddy water stirring pool:
Mixing pump, the mixing pump end are fixedly connected with stirring blade；
The mixing pump controls the stirring blade and is stirred.
Further, the runner model reduces practical reservoir composition than ruler and condition of similarity by default.
Further, described preset compares ruler further include:
The structure of the reservoir to be tested and the level of the physical model than ruler be 200, vertical scale 45；Water flow
The velocity ratio ruler of kinematic similitude condition is 6.7, and roughness is 0.9 than ruler, and water flow movement time scale ratio is 29.8；Meet silt fortune
The sediment grain size of dynamic condition of similarity is 0.64 than ruler, Sediment concentration scale 1.0, and erosion and deposition time time scale ratio is 35.
Further, the condition of similarity includes:
Water flow gravity condition of similarity, resistance to water-flow condition of similarity, water flow carrying condition of similarity, sediment suspension condition of similarity,
Sediment suspension condition of similarity, change in bed level deformation condition of similarity, condition of similarity occurs for low sand-carrying capacity density current and density current connects
Continuous condition of similarity.
The present invention provides a kind of test method of low husky content density current physical model, comprising:
According to the structure of reservoir to be tested, practical reservoir structure composition physics is reduced than ruler and condition of similarity by default
Model；
Model sasnd test is selected to represent the flow velocity and silt content of section in the physical model when there is the remittance of water sand；
According to test result prediction when there is water sand to import to form low sand-carrying capacity density current the reservoir to be tested containing sand
Amount.
Further, after constituting physical model further include:
Judge whether the physical model is reasonable；
It is described to judge whether the physical model is reasonable, comprising:
Choose opposite fraction；
It will be substituted into variability restraint-type with respect to fraction, and obtain geometry variability；
Judge whether physical model is reasonable according to geometry variability value；
If the geometry variability value is in fixed range, the physical model is reasonable；
If the geometry variability value exceeds fixed range, the physical model is unreasonable.
Further, flow velocity is tested using electromagnetic current metre；
Silt content is tested using nephelometer；
Silt content is calculated using turbidimeter method, silt content is calculated using gravimetric method when silt content is greater than preset value.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, and the beneficial effect that can reach includes:
By designing the physical model of reservoir to be tested, reservoir can be tested when there is the remittance of water sand, silt content is drilled
Change process, to understand influence of the water sand evolution to Environment of Reservoirs.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will to embodiment or
Attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only
Some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, also
Other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without any creative labor.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of low husky content density current physical model of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the step schematic diagram of a kind of low husky content density current physical model of the present invention and its test method；
Fig. 3 is the step schematic diagram of a kind of low husky content density current physical model of the present invention and its test method；
Fig. 4 is the quasi- burnt husky grading curve of fine grained of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the quasi- burnt husky rating curve figure of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of physical model provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical solution of the present invention will be carried out below
Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiment is only partial embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all without making creative work
Other embodiment belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.
The specific low husky content density current physical model of one provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with reference to the accompanying drawing
And its test method.
As shown in Figure 1, the application provides a kind of low husky content density current physical model, comprising:
Runner model, clear water reservoir 1, the first clear water aperture case 3, the first muddy water aperture case 4, muddy water stirring pool 2, low-key
Reservoir 7, high storage pond 8 and outlet water pond；
The outlet of the clear water reservoir 1 and the inlet communication of first clear water aperture case 3, the muddy water stirring pool 2
The inlet communication of outlet and first muddy water aperture case 4, the outlet of first clear water aperture case 3, the first muddy water aperture case
Inlet communication of 4 outlet with the runner model；
The outlet of the low-key reservoir 7 is connected to the entrance of the high storage pond 8, the low-key reservoir 7 and the lofty tone
Reservoir 8 is connected to by water pump, and the outlet of the high storage pond 8 is connected to the exit of the runner model；
The outlet storage pool 9 is used to store the water of the exit outflow of the runner model
The working principle of physical model is to reduce practical reservoir structure composition physics than ruler and condition of similarity by default
Model selects model sasnd test to represent the flow velocity and silt content of section in the physical model when there is the remittance of water sand；According to survey
The silt content of test result prediction reservoir to be tested when there is the remittance of water sand.When designing physical model, mud in natural river course
Husky forms of motion is not identical, and a kind of each erosion and deposition of partial size silt is a unified entirety in river.Individually examination in a model
The silt of certain local granule is tested, its a certain forms of motion of playback, it is impossible to which the silt well solved in hydraulic engineering is asked
Topic.In order to better solve engineering problem, each a kind of movement of partial size silt of playback simultaneously on a model is needed,
Outstanding husky and bed-sit compbined test is carried out on a model.
Preferably, the runner model includes:
Mainstream 10 and tributary 11.
Wherein, mainstream 10 can test the density current in the mainstream 10 of runner model, and tributary 11 can test runner model
The density current in tributary 11
Preferably, further includes:
Second clear water aperture case 5 and the second muddy water aperture case 6；
The outlet of the clear water reservoir 1 and the inlet communication of second clear water aperture case 5, the muddy water stirring pool 2
The inlet communication of outlet and second muddy water aperture case 6, the outlet of second clear water aperture case 5, the second muddy water aperture case
6 outlet is connected to the entrance in the tributary 11, and the outlet in the tributary 11 is connected to the mainstream 10.
Preferably, it is equipped in the muddy water stirring pool 2:
Mixing pump (not shown), the mixing pump end are fixedly connected with stirring blade (not shown)；
The mixing pump controls the stirring blade and is stirred.
Preferably, the exit of the runner model is equipped with
Port strobe 12 out, the water flow in the exit for controlling the runner model.It is equipped with below the port strobe 12 out
Bottom outlet 13 is for controlling water flow.
Preferably, it is equipped on the inside of the runner model:
Waterproof roll (not shown).Prevent runner model for a long time by water erosion failure.
It is additionally provided in the high storage pond 8:
Energy dissipating pipe device 14 carries out energy dissipating for controlling when low-key reservoir supplies water to high storage pond, reaches and height is inhibited to regulate and store
The dynamic purpose of pool inner water surface wave.
As shown in Fig. 2, the low husky content density current physical model and its test method packet that are provided in the embodiment of the present application
It includes,
S1, according to the structure of reservoir to be tested, pass through and default reduce practical reservoir structure construct than ruler and condition of similarity
Manage model；
S2, model sasnd is selected to test the flow velocity and silt content for representing section in the physical model when there is the remittance of water sand；
S3, the silt content that the reservoir to be tested when there is the remittance of water sand is predicted according to test result.
The working principle of test method are as follows: by the structure of reservoir to be measured, reduce reality than ruler and condition of similarity by default
Reservoir structure constitutes physical model, and model sasnd test is selected to represent the stream of section in the physical model when there is the remittance of water sand
Speed and silt content；According to the silt content of test result prediction reservoir to be tested when there is the remittance of water sand.In design physics mould
When type, sediment movement form is not identical in natural river course, and a kind of each erosion and deposition of partial size silt is one unified whole in river
Body.The silt of routine tests local granule in a model, its a certain forms of motion of playback, it is impossible to well solve
Sedimentation Problems in hydraulic engineering.In order to better solve engineering problem, the playback each one simultaneously on a model is needed
The movement of kind partial size silt carries out outstanding husky and bed-sit compbined test on a model.
It should be noted that density current is the water flow since the density contrast between reservoir filling and storage water flow is formed by
Density contrast is often by silt content or water temperature collective effect, therefore temperature is affected to low containing husky density current test, and the application exists
In experimentation, room temperature is constant, in order to avoid influence experimental result.
In some embodiments, after constituting physical model further include:
As shown in figure 3, judging whether the physical model is reasonable.The specific steps are that:
S21, opposite fraction is chosen；
S22, it will be substituted into variability restraint-type with respect to fraction, and obtain geometry variability；
S23, judge whether physical model is reasonable according to geometry variability value；
If S24, the variability value are in fixed range, the physical model is reasonable；
If S25, the variability value exceed fixed range, the physical model is unreasonable.
In some embodiments, the physical model, comprising:
The part of the whole or to be tested reservoir structure of reservoir structure to be tested.
Specifically, the overall structure that the physical model in the application can not only simulate reservoir to be tested can also be predicted
The part of reservoir structure to be tested.
In some embodiments, described preset than ruler includes:
The structure of the reservoir to be tested and the level of the physical model than ruler be 200, vertical scale 45.
Wherein, the structure of reservoir to be tested and the level of the physical model are than ruler λL=200, vertical scale λH=45,
Geometry variability Dt=λL/λH=4.44.
Specifically, according to the structure of reservoir to be tested, including condition of river floor and the model depth of water, water flow fluidised form it is similar
Requirement, determine that physical model is suitable for than ruler range are as follows: level than ruler is 200, vertical scale 45, according to level compares ruler
And it is 4.44 that the ratio of vertical scale, which obtains geometry variability, and the application is verified for geometry variability.
The pleasant to the ear mistake of the application takes opposite fraction P*It is 0.85, then can provides the variability restraint-type of following form
Wherein, B is section river width, H is the section depth of water, DtFor geometry variability；Respectively by reservoir area inner width deeply it is smaller not
Sharp section substitutes into above formula as section is represented, by the numerical value of B, H, can acquire Dt≤ 5, also that is, use variability for 4.44 metamorphosis
Model, it is ensured that have 85% or more region flow velocity on the model cross-section of river, because of DtWithin the scope of 4~6 variability, convection current
The influence of field condition of similarity is smaller, and the influence to silt content distribution is naturally also little, and the above calculating is examined and analytic demonstration knot
Fruit illustrates this model using Dt=λL/λHWithin the scope of the variability of=4.44 limitations, the influence of geometric distortion is limited, Ke Yiman
Foot this reservoir engineering actual needs, also illustrates that physical model is similar to reservoir structure to be tested.
Preferably, the condition of similarity includes:
Water flow gravity condition of similarity, resistance to water-flow condition of similarity, water flow carrying condition of similarity, sediment suspension condition of similarity,
Condition of similarity and density current continuously similar item occur for sediment suspension condition of similarity, change in bed level deformation condition of similarity, density current
Part.
Specifically, the flow and sediment and riverbed boundary condition in reservoir are complicated, there are density current, water after forming reservoir
Stream movement and river-bed deformation rule are difficult to simulate, and modelling is difficult, considers reservoir reservoir water to be tested Saudi Arabia point, object
Model is managed other than meeting water flow gravity, resistance condition of similarity condition, it is necessary to follow following condition of similarity:
(1) water flow carrying condition of similarity:
(2) sediment suspension condition of similarity:
(3) sediment incipient motion and condition of similarity is raised:
(4) change in bed level deforms condition of similarity:
In various above, λL、λHRespectively level is than ruler and vertical scale；λRCompare ruler for hydraulic radius； λVFor velocity ratio
Ruler, λS、Respectively Sediment concentration scale and flow force compare ruler；Compare ruler for silt-settling velocity；Respectively silt
Starting velocity size scale and stirring-up velocity compare ruler；For river-bed deformation time scale ratio:Compare ruler for sediment dry density；For
Balance silt content breadth coefficient compares ruler.
(5) (or slipping into) condition of similarity occurs for density current:
For reservoir, in addition to it must assure that sediment suspension is similar, it is also contemplated that Density Currents are similar
Density current carrying condition of similarity:
(7) the continuous condition of similarity of density current:
Formula (2) into formula (8), foot mark " m ", " P ", " e " respectively represents model, reservoir to be tested and density current has
Pass value.In formula (4.5)For consider correction factor that muddy water bulk density is introduced along vertical distributing inhomogeneities than ruler, wherein K1
It is defined as
In formula (9),Certain point muddy water capacity and vertical line on vertical line is respectively indicated to be averaged muddy water capacity.To protect
The data that exhibit manages model measurement are consistent with the data of reservoir to be tested.
Wherein the model sasnd in the application is using quasi- burnt husky.It is dry that selection flyash and quasi- burnt sand have carried out bulk density, sediment
Bulk density, grain composition, physical characteristic etc. to burnt husky settling test is when intended, intend burnt husky bulk density and be less than flyash, particle
Gradation is also smaller than flyash, and under the conditions of the silt content using quasi- burnt husky configuration, muddy water can be formed in conceptual flume experiment
Density current, and downstream propagate.Determine that quasi- burnt sand carries out physical experiments as model sasnd and test requirements document is more easily satisfied
Preferably, it presets and compares ruler further include:
The velocity ratio ruler of water flow movement condition of similarity is 6.7, and roughness is 0.9 than ruler, and water flow movement time scale ratio is
29.8；Meeting the sediment grain size of sediment movement condition of similarity than ruler is 0.64, Sediment concentration scale 1.0, time erosion and deposition time ratio
Ruler is 35.
Specifically, velocity ratio ruler and roughness are than ruler: acquiring velocity ratio ruler by water flow gravity condition of similarityThus flow-rate ratio ruler λ is acquiredQ=λVλHλL=60373；Take λR=λH, asked by resistance to water-flow condition of similarity
Roughness is obtained than ruler λn=0.9.The field data of the reservoir according to similar in condition, varying backwater zone bed roughness value are generally
0.018~0.024, thus acquiring model roughness should be nm=0.02~0.026.The application is rough to model according to test result
Rate is analyzed:
In formula (10), κ is karman constant, takes κ=0.35 for easy meter；If taking the reservoir depth of water to be tested is 2.5m, hm
=2.5m/45=0.056m；χ is correction parameter, and the model river more coarse for bed surface takes χ=1；hsFor the sand of model
Wave height, with reference to laboratory test results, hs≈ 0.01m~0.02m.Model roughness value n can be acquired by formula (10)m≈ 0.014~
0.0168, smaller than design value, this preliminary selected model sasnd of explanation is in Model Inlet section with resistance to water-flow condition of similarity phase one
It causes.And the nearly monolith in reservoir area, it is influenced because its water surface curve mainly controls water level before by reservoir scheduling that is, dam, by channel roughness
It influences relatively little.
Outstanding sand settling velocity is than ruler and particle size scale:
Balance silt content breadth coefficient in sediment suspension condition of similarity formula (3) compares rulerIt is the suspension with silt
Index ω/κ U*Change and change.If ω/κ U of reservoir to be tested*> 0.15, formula (3) can be concluded are as follows:
In formula, m is index；In 0.15 < ω≤0.5, m=0.75.For ω/κ U*The fine sand of < 0.15, it is suspended
Condition of similarity may be expressed as:
Using the waterpower silt factor behind Reservoir Construction library to be tested, Suspension index body ω/κ U is estimated*< 0.15, therefore can
The settling velocity of silt is calculated than ruler λ using formula (12)ω.By the real data of reservoir to be tested and it is related than ruler substitute into formula (12), just
Step obtains λ by tentative calculationωAbout 1.75.
Since reservoir suspended sediment settling velocity formula to be tested is because being related to transition region and stagnant area, Stockes cannot be still used
Formula directly inquires into particle size scale relational expression, and the application is public using the settling velocity of common particle size range (d=0.003~0.9mm)
Formula considers that silt-settling velocity and submerged unit weight still maintain linear relationship, and further fine tuning is following form:
In formula (13), ν is kinematic coefficient of viscosity.
Suspended load particle size scale relational expression is
In formula (14), λvCompare ruler for the water flow movement coefficient of viscosity；λdFor suspended load particle size scale.
It is 0.008mm, average grain diameter 0.027mm, average setting velocity according to the reservoir deposits median particle diameter to be tested of detection
It (is weighted by sand weight percentage) for 0.098cm/s.
Settling velocity is substituted into above formula (14), and temporarily take λ than ruler, volume to weight ratio rulerv=0.66 (passes through reservoir to be tested, model water
Temperature calculates separately the water flow movement coefficient of viscosity of the two), can be calculated suspended load particle size scale is 0.64.It is required that in model sasnd
Value partial size is 0.008/0.67=0.012mm, using superfine model sasnd, simulates Density Currents rule.
But, as shown in figure 4, generally can more be represented than median particle diameter because of average grain diameter with average setting velocity non-homogeneous
The overall condition of sand-like, for river-bed deformation caused by suspended sediment transport in feasible simulation reservoir to be tested, it is necessary to examine
The Average Particle Diameters for considering model sasnd, will especially guarantee that model sasnd average setting velocity meets suspended condition of similarity.Therefore selection suspended load
Than ruler, finding out physical model sand average setting velocity is 0.098/1.75=for silt-settling velocity 0.098cm/s and suspended load settling velocity
0.056cm/s, because fine grained model sasnd average setting velocity is close or slightly less than normal (its median particle diameter d50 is 0.018mm, average
Partial size dcp is 0.025mm, average setting velocity 0.048cm/s).
Sediment concentration scale can be determined by calculating River Sediment Carrying Capacity than ruler.
Its form are as follows:
In formula (15), κ is karman constant；ωsThe settling velocity for being silt in muddy water；V is flow velocity；H is the depth of water；D50 is bed
Husky central diameter；SVFor the silt content indicated with percent by volume；Sv=S/ γs；ξ is that bulk density influences coefficient, be may be expressed as:
For the model sasnd that this is selected, γsFor 1.7t/m3, then ξ=7.36.Husky, the ξ ≈ 1 to reservoir to be tested.
River Sediment Carrying Capacity is calculated using formula (15), is considered as influence of the silt content to κ value and ω.
Related reservoir data to be tested is substituted into formula (15)~formula (16), reservoir River Sediment Carrying Capacity to be tested can be obtainedAbove-mentioned calculating formula is substituted into using the related physical quantity of reservoir to be tested and corresponding ratio simultaneously, and available by tentative calculation
Water flow sand holding abilityThe ratio of the two can have been found out
It on the other hand, is the preferably movement of playback density current in physical model, Sediment concentration scale should take into account formula (6).
When with formula (9), it is still necessary to introduce density current silt content distribution formula.Since turbulent diffusion and gravity are still certainly
Determine a pair of of principal contradiction of density current carrying movement, distribution and sediment carrying capacity rule and general carrying water of the concentration along the depth of water
It flows similar.It may thus be appreciated that vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration formula calculates density current vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration.To have when calculating
The waterpower silt factor of pass is substituted into using the analog value of density current.Thus obtainedExpression formula and formula (6) connection solve,
Density current Sediment concentration scale can be found out by tentative calculation.
In model test, to guarantee that the distribution of density current Downward sedimentation and outbound sediment Characteristics are similar to reservoir to be tested,
Density current carrying condition of similarity formula (7) should also be met.Formula (15)~formula (16) calculating reservoir to be tested can be quoted and model is different heavy
Sand holding ability is flowed, and then is determinedThe result that calculated results are obtained with formula (6) is not much different, and with above-mentioned water flow
The λ that carrying condition of similarity determinessAlso almost the same, therefore, selectOpen-channel flow and different heavy can be met simultaneously
Carrying condition of similarity is flowed, and is able to satisfy density current and condition of similarity occurs.
Time scale ratio:
According to bulk density γs=1.7t/m3Quasi- burnt husky deposition process test, measuring its initial stage dry density is 0.56t/m3
(d50=0.016~0.017mm).
It is mainly determined according to field data as sludge reservoir dry density to be tested.Known initial sediment dry density
Generally 0.55t/m3~0.85t/m3, the initial sediment dry density of fine sediment is smaller in reservoir, this modelling
0.65t/m can tentatively be selected3.It can be acquired by reservoir to be tested and model sasnd dry density=1.16.It can be in the hope of by formula (5)
River-bed deformation time scale ratio isIt can be seen thatWith water flow movement time scale ratio
It is closer to, for model test, the brought time metamorphosis that can differ greatly to avoid two time scale ratios being commonly encountered is asked
Topic, is also not to bring detrimental effect to the simulation of reservoir filling, sand discharge and Density Currents.
Preferably, the application tests flow velocity using electromagnetic current metre；
Silt content is tested using nephelometer.
Silt content is calculated using turbidimeter method, silt content is calculated using gravimetric method when silt content is greater than preset value.
Specifically, quasi- burnt husky rating curve figure is illustrated in figure 5, in 0.15kg/m3Silt content and OBS3+ are turbid when following
Angle value is proportional to, corresponding relationship are as follows: S=A × 0.0047-0.0296, wherein S is silt content (kg/m3), A is turbidity
It is worth (NTU), it is known that, OBS3+ is smaller to the test knee value of the silt content of this partial size, and part silt content is big during test
In knee value.Overage is test using gravimetric method.
It is specific as follows when needing using gravimetric method:
Preparation: blank film is simultaneously put into weighing bottle by cleaning weighing bottle, is put into oven cooking cycle 1 hour.After toasting
Weighing bottle be put into dry cooler bin and be cooled to room temperature.It weighs each weighing bottle weight and records.Check every batch of sample bottle
Number with record.
Filtration: pouring into measuring cup after sample liquid is sufficiently rocked, and records liquid volume.By blank film from weighing bottle
Middle taking-up is put into filter plant, fastens upper cover.Liquid is poured into filter cup, a small amount of clear water is taken to rinse measuring cup and was poured into
Filter bowl opens vacuum pump.Take a small amount of clear water washing and filtering wall of cup.It filters and completes to liquid, filter membrane taking-up is carefully put into former title
In measuring bottle.Record the sample liquid bottle number and corresponding corresponding weighing bottle number.Weighing bottle is put into oven for baking 2 hours, it should not
Cover tightly weigh the cap.Weighing bottle after taking out baking, is put into dry cooler bin and is cooled to room temperature.Weigh each weighing bottle weight
Measure and correspond to the weight of former blank film.Silt content is calculated using formula (5.1).
Suspended matter silt content S can be calculated as follows
In formula (10): S is silt content (kg/m3), A is sand grain+filter membrane+weighing bottle weight (kg), and B is filter membrane+title
Measuring bottle weight (kg), V are volume (m3)。
Design of physical model provided by the present application meets water flow movement, sediment movement and river-bed deformation condition of similarity, simultaneously
Consider density current condition of similarity, and controls time distortion issue；Under the premise of physical model is produced on guarantee model stability,
Strict control determines the plane and vertical deviation on reservoir boundary；Design performance is stable, is convenient for regulation-control model control and measurement system.
The test process of physical model provided by the present application is, physical model is stored Qing Dynasty's water to predetermined water level before test,
The muddy water for configuring fixed silt content is delivered in the case of aperture in stirring pool, by physical model clear water flow, the muddy water after calculating
Flow is controlled, and combines the aperture of different orifice case to predetermined value.Clear water, muddy water blend after entering model, meet
Slip into and form bottom density current after condition, density current along journey by bend, width is alternate, falls bank and flat section, mix
Mixed, diffusion.
As shown in fig. 6, being the diagrammatic cross-section of physical model provided by the present application.Physical model further include:
High storage pond and low-key reservoir are also used to keep for physical model to be full of water with clear water before on-test
The flow velocity of water in bend.
In conclusion physical model of the present invention by design reservoir to be tested, can test reservoir is having the remittance of water sand
When, the variation of silt content, to understand influence of the water sand to Environment of Reservoirs.
It is understood that the embodiment of the method for above-mentioned offer is corresponding with above-mentioned test method embodiment, it is corresponding to have
Holding in vivo mutually to refer to, and details are not described herein.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments herein can provide as method, system or computer journey
Sequence product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the application
The form of embodiment.Moreover, it wherein includes the calculating of computer usable program code that the application, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program product implemented in machine usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage and optical memory etc.)
Form.
The application is referring to method, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that can be realized by computer program instructions each in flowchart and/or the block diagram
The combination of process and/or box in process and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computers
Processor of the program instruction to general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices
To generate a machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute
For realizing the function of being specified in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram
Test method.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that instruction stored in the computer readable memory generation includes
The manufacture of test method is instructed, which realizes in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram
The function of being specified in one box or multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that
Series of operation steps are executed on computer or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus calculating
The instruction executed on machine or other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or side
The step of function of being specified in block diagram one box or multiple boxes.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, appoints
What those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, answer
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the scope of protection of the claims
It is quasi-.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low husky content density current physical model characterized by comprising
Runner model, clear water reservoir, the first clear water aperture case, the first muddy water aperture case, muddy water stirring pool, low-key reservoir, lofty tone
Reservoir and outlet water pond；
The outlet of the clear water reservoir and the inlet communication of first clear water aperture case, the outlet of the muddy water stirring pool and institute
State the inlet communication of the first muddy water aperture case, the outlet of first clear water aperture case, the outlet of the first muddy water aperture case with
The inlet communication of the runner model；
The outlet of the low-key reservoir is connected to the entrance of the high storage pond, and the low-key reservoir passes through with the high storage pond
Water pump connection, the outlet of the high storage pond is connected to the exit of the runner model；
The outlet storage pool is used to store the water of the exit outflow of the runner model.
2. physical model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the runner model includes:
Mainstream and tributary.
3. physical model according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include:
Second clear water aperture case and the second muddy water aperture case；
The outlet of the clear water reservoir and the inlet communication of second clear water aperture case, the outlet of the muddy water stirring pool and institute
State the inlet communication of the second muddy water aperture case, the outlet of second clear water aperture case, the outlet of the second muddy water aperture case and institute
The entrance connection in tributary is stated, the outlet in the tributary is connected to the mainstream.
4. physical model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be equipped in the muddy water stirring pool:
Mixing pump, the mixing pump end are fixedly connected with stirring blade；
The mixing pump controls the stirring blade and is stirred.
5. physical model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The runner model reduces practical reservoir composition than ruler and condition of similarity by default.
6. physical model according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described preset compares ruler further include:
The structure of the reservoir to be tested and the level of the physical model than ruler be 200, vertical scale 45；Water flow movement phase
Velocity ratio ruler like condition is 6.7, and roughness is 0.9 than ruler, and water flow movement time scale ratio is 29.8；Meet the similar item of sediment movement
The sediment grain size of part is 0.64 than ruler, Sediment concentration scale 1.0, and erosion and deposition time time scale ratio is 35.
7. physical model according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the condition of similarity includes:
Water flow gravity condition of similarity, resistance to water-flow condition of similarity, water flow carrying condition of similarity, sediment suspension condition of similarity, silt
Condition of similarity and density current continuous phase occur for suspended condition of similarity, change in bed level deformation condition of similarity, low sand-carrying capacity density current
Like condition.
8. a kind of test method of low husky content density current physical model characterized by comprising
According to the structure of reservoir to be tested, practical reservoir structure composition physical model is reduced than ruler and condition of similarity by default；
Model sasnd test is selected to represent the flow velocity and silt content of section in the physical model when there is the remittance of water sand；
According to the silt content of test result prediction reservoir to be tested when there is water sand to import to form low sand-carrying capacity density current.
9. prediction technique test method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that after constituting physical model further include:
Judge whether the physical model is reasonable；
It is described to judge whether the physical model is reasonable, comprising:
Choose opposite fraction；
It will be substituted into variability restraint-type with respect to fraction, and obtain geometry variability；
Judge whether physical model is reasonable according to geometry variability value；
If the geometry variability value is in fixed range, the physical model is reasonable；
If the geometry variability value exceeds fixed range, the physical model is unreasonable.
10. test method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:
Flow velocity is tested using electromagnetic current metre；
Silt content is tested using nephelometer；
Silt content is calculated using turbidimeter method, silt content is calculated using gravimetric method when silt content is greater than preset value.
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