CN1096095A - 在大于大气压力下生产氧气的单柱方法及其设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用来分离空气的方法和设备，其中在单柱的
顶部产生的冷冻气流进行作功膨胀。这类膨胀可在
由能量扩散闸与循环压缩器相连的膨胀机中进行。
从柱的底部除去氧气流，压缩器将氧气流压缩至大于
大气压力的柱压。压缩后，氧气流被分成两个支流，
一支进料至柱底部以供作沸腾用蒸汽，而另一支已从
压缩蒸汽流中取出以大于大气压力的输送压作为产
物回收，冰冻气流与进入的需分离的空气逆向流动进
行热交换以增加冷冻作用。
Description
本发明涉及在单柱中精馏空气以生产氧气的方法和设备。更具体的是，本发明涉及在大于大气压力下使单柱运行以生产输送压高于大气压力的氧气的方法和设备。
现有技术中已提供了种种方法和设备以在不同的单柱组合中产出氧气产物。在典型的单柱氧气生产设备中，压缩空气，纯化，将其冷却至适于精馏的温度，然后将其导入在柱底部的热交换器内以使部分液化的空气沸腾。然后将空气导入柱的中间部位。使空气在柱内蒸馏以在其底部产出液态氧，在塔顶上产出氮气。柱子典型地在稍高于大气压力下运行。结果，必须再泵液态氧以增加其压力以达到输送压力。正如所评价的是，这类泵压代表一种能量支出，其可加至生产氧气的运行总开支中。
正如将要讨论的，本发明提供了一种方法和设备，其中空气在大于大气压力的输送压力下于一柱内蒸馏以生产出氧气产物，其无需任何用于增加氧气产物的压力以达到输送压力的能量支出。
本发明提供了在大于大气压力的输送压力下从空气中分离氧气以形成氧气产物的方法。根据该方法，空气被压缩至大于大气压力的输送压力，除去压缩热并纯化空气。然后，将空气冷却至适于精馏的温度。在大于大气压力的输送压力下使空气在精馏柱里精馏，结果在柱的顶端和底部分别产生了顶端的氮蒸气馏分及底部的液态氧。另外，富氮蒸气在顶端的氮蒸气馏出物下产生。从柱中除去致冷蒸气。该致冷蒸气是由富氮蒸气或顶端氮气馏分之一组成。另外，也除去由顶端的氮蒸气组成的回流气流和由底部液态氧构成的氧气流，氧气流的膨胀使得回流气流至少一部分冷凝。至少一部分回流气流返回柱中回流，氧气流被压缩至基本达到柱中高于大气压力的输送压力。此后，将氧流分成两份支气流，两份氧气流中的一份必须基本上冷却至冷凝温度，然后导入柱子的底部，以作为柱子底部提供沸腾的蒸气。冷却气流膨胀作功，因此，它的温热使得空气冷却，结果是增加了过程的冷却能力。从两份氧气中的另一份中回收氧气产物。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种在大于大气压力的输送压力下从空气中分离氧气以生产氧气产品的设备。该设备包括一种将空气压缩至大于大气压力的输送压的装置，一种从空气中除去压缩热的装置及一种纯化空气的装置。精馏柱是在空气冷却至适于精馏的温度后用来精馏空气的。使空气在柱内精馏以在柱的顶部和底部形成顶端的氮蒸气馏分及柱底部的液态氧，以及在顶端氮蒸气馏分之下的富氮组份。冷凝装置用来使至少部分由顶端氮气产物组成的回流气流进行冷凝，同时使底部液态氧构成的氧气流的蒸发。回流回归装置用来使至少部分回流气流回归至柱中再进行回流。循环压缩装置与冷凝装置相连以使氧气流压缩至至少大于大气压的输送压。分离装置与循环压缩装置相连以将氧气流分成两份气流。膨胀装置通过作功膨胀由柱顶氮蒸气产物或由氮蒸气组成的冷冻气流。热交换装置用来使空气冷却至适于适于精馏的温度，使两份氧气流之一冷却至冷凝温度，而使冷却气流和两份氧气流中的另一支完全温热。热交换装置与柱相连，使空气在柱的中间点引入，而两份氧气流之一被引入柱的下端以供作底部沸腾之用。
正如所评价的是，在本发明的方法及设备中，膨胀的部分功可用来驱动用于将氧气压缩至所需输送压力的循环压缩器。由于来自循环压缩器的部分气流被作为产物进行回收，故在将产物气流的压力上升至大于大气压输送压时所需化费的能量比现有技术中的少。应当注意可使用的气流由于有该技术领域中已知的不可避免的损失，故需进行本质上的压缩以达输送压。
虽然说明书可由权利要求书特定地指出及区分出申请人对于其发明所需要求的物质主题，但确信根据列出实施本发明方法的设备的附图可以更好地理解本发明。应当明白说明方法中各种气流的参考数据也标明了这套设备中连接各主要部分的管道部件。
参见附图，它显示了根据本发明的设备10，在一常规方法中，空气在空气压缩器12中被压缩以基本达到大于大气压力的输送压。通过冷却器14以除去压缩热，然后通过预纯化单元16（较好的是PSA单元使活性氧化铝层和分子筛层分层进行工作）来纯化被压缩的空气以除去二氧化碳、湿气及可能有的烃类。作为空气流17的空气然后在热交换器18中冷却至在空气冷凝点附近的适于精馏的温度。主热交换器18较好的是平板散热片式的。
在空气被适当地冷却后，它可作为气流20而被引入精馏柱24中，所述的精馏柱24具有约30个由常规型式和效能的分馏塔板所形成的理论级数，精馏柱也可装入结构上的相当物或是无规的填充物，或是其它能使上升的蒸气和下沉的液相在柱24内进行最密切接触的任何其它气-液传质器件，柱24具有顶部和底部区域26和28，其中分别产生了氮蒸气和液态氧馏份。在柱24的最顶部形成了顶端氮蒸气馏分，在这之下形成氮纯度低于柱顶端的富氮蒸气。
顶端的氮蒸气馏分作为氮回流气流30从柱24的顶端区域26除去。回流氮气在顶端冷凝器32中被部分冷凝。然后将部分冷凝的回流气流34引入相分离器36中以分离形成液相和气相。液相通过回流气流38作为回流而回到柱24的顶部区域26。通过由液态氧组成的氧气流40吸热可以有效地进行顶端冷凝器中的冷凝，氧气流40在低温冷却器42中进行再冷却。然后在导入顶部冷凝器32前在减压阀42中通过不可反转膨胀来降低温度。低温冷却器42是常规的平板一散热片型的。
应当明白在本发明的实例中氮回流气流30可被完全冷凝，全部或部分冷凝物可回到柱24的顶部区域26中，未回归的一部分冷凝物可通过低温冷却器42与氧气流40的方向逆向运行，然后以与进料空气相反的方向通过主热交换器18。
为了平衡渗入热交换器中的热量及温热端释放的热量需要冷冻，为此，由相分离器36中生产的蒸气相作为氮气流44通过低温冷却器42以低温冷却氧气流40，气流44再通过主热交换器第二通道46，从纯化单元16出来的空气通过主热交换器的第一通道20进入柱24中。其中氮气流以与空气流相反的方向流动而部分温热。就此而言，术语“完全温热”意味着气流已被温热至环境温度。即温热至主热交换器的温热端的温度。“完全冷却”表示气流已被冷却至热交换器冷却端的温度，即约冷却至约是空气的冷凝点。“部分冷却”或“部分温热”表示气流以空气流的方向或以与空气流相反的方向依次通过，并以主热交换器温热端和冷却端间的中间温度从主热交换器中取出。氮气流44被在部分温热后被引入涡轮膨胀器48或其它能膨胀气流44的机器中以产生冰冻气流50。冰冻气流50通过低温冷却器42，在这之中帮助氧气流40再冷却，然后通过主热交换器的第三通道52，在这其中进行完全温热，并作为废气或可能作为低压氮伴生产物而排出设备10。冰冻气流50以与空气流通过第一通道20的相反方向通过主热交换器的第三通道52。
人们注意到在本发明的可能实施方案中，冰冻气流可从富氮蒸气中形成，在此情况下，所有或部分顶端的氮蒸气可用作回流气。
氧气流40在冷凝器32中完全蒸发后作为氧蒸气流56通入循环压缩器54中。在通过循环压缩器54后形成了压缩氧气流58。压缩氧气流58的压力基本上大于大气压。压缩器54通过热扩散闸60由涡轮膨胀器48驱动，闸60在加热时可挡住来自主热交换器的过多的膨胀功，氧气流40在冷的柱温下被压缩。这样做比在氧气被完全温热或部分温热后再压缩氧气较为优先，因为压缩冷氧气时所需的功较少。
压缩氧气流58在进入热交换器18前或在主热交换器中被分成两部分气流62和64。分气流62在主热交换器的第四通道66中被冷却至接近冷凝温度。然后，其作为一种蒸气而引入柱24的底部区域28以在该区域提供沸腾物。值得注意的是术语“基本上（essentially）”这里指一些液体的含量在2%左右。因此，更精确地说，分支流62被基本上冷却至冷凝温度。两支分流的另一支64通过第五通道68在主热交换器中被完全温热。在完全温热后，取出气流以作为氧产物。分气流64可作为产物取出而无需再通过主热交换器18。在此情况下，会减少回收。由于分气流64已形成了一股被压缩至基本上大于大气压的输送压的气流，因此，输送时基本上具有这样的压力。
实施例
下面是用计算机来模拟设备10的典型操作运行。
表 流速、温度、压力和组合物
应当明白本发明已结合了较好的实施例进行讨论，对于该技术领域的人员可作出许多添加、改变和省略而不背离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1、一种从空气中分离氧气以形成氧气产物的方法，所述的方法包括：
压缩并纯化空气；
将空气冷却至适于精馏的温度；
在超过大气压力下于精馏柱内精馏空气，在柱子的顶部和底部区域形成顶端氮蒸气馏分及柱底的液态氧，在顶端的氮蒸气馏分下形成了富氮蒸气；
从柱上除去由富氮蒸气或顶端氮蒸气馏分构成的冷冻气流，由氮蒸气馏分组成的回流气流以及由柱底部液态氧组成的氧气流；
蒸发氧气流而使得至少部分回流气流冷凝，将至少部分回流气流返回至柱中以进行回流，压缩氧气流使它的压力达到精馏柱中的压力，此后将氧气流分为两支；
冷却两支氧气流中的一支至基本上达到它的冷凝点，然后作为蒸气引入柱的底部区域以在所述柱底部区域提供出沸腾物；
冰冻气流部分温热而使得空气流及两支氧气流中的一支的冷却，冷冻气流作功膨胀，然后通过冷冻气流的完全温热而使得空气流和两支氧气流之一冷冻从而增加这种方法中冷却作用。
从两支氧气流的另一支中除去氧气产物。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中氧气流在柱温度下进行压缩。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中氮气流相对于空气流及两支氧气流中的一支的冷却进行温热。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法，冰冻气流通过把冷冻气流引入连有循环压缩器的膨胀机中进行膨胀作功，循环压缩器通过热扩散闸可用来压缩氧气流。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：氧气流在柱温度下压缩;氧气流被引入循环压缩器中进行压缩;
冷冻气流对于空气和两支氧气流中的一支的冷却进行部分温热;
冷冻气流通过将冷冻气流引入由热分散闸与压缩器相连的膨胀机中作功膨胀。
6、一种用来从空气中分离出氧气以生产出氧气产物的设备，所述的设备包括：
用来压缩空气的装置;
用来纯化空气的装置;
一根用来精馏空气的柱，在空气被冷却至适于精馏的温度后进行精馏以在柱的底部和顶部区域形成顶端的氮蒸气馏分及柱底部的液态氧，在顶部的氮蒸气馏分下形成富氮馏份;
冷凝装置以用来至少使由顶部氮蒸气馏分构成的回流气流部分冷凝，同时使得由柱底部的液态氧构成的氧气流的蒸发;
使至少部分回流气流回归至柱中以作为回流的回流气流回归装置;
与冷凝装置相连并用来将氧气压缩至至少大于大气压力的循环压缩装置;
与压缩装置相连并将氧气流分成两支的分离装置;
用来使由顶端氮蒸气馏分或富氮蒸气组成的冷冻气流膨胀并作功能膨胀装置;以及
热交换装置，用来使空气冷却至适于精馏的温度，使两份氧气流之一冷却至冷凝温度，而冷冻气流和两支氧气流中的另一支先部分温热，然后又完全温热，热交换装置与柱是这样相连的，即使空气进入至柱的中间部位，两支氧气流中的另一支进入柱的底部以供出沸腾物，热交换装置与膨胀装置是这样相连的，即使冷冻气流在部分温热后引入膨胀器并在膨胀后被完全温热。
7、根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中：
涡轮膨胀装置包括一涡轮膨胀器;
循环装置包括一循环压缩器;以及
涡轮膨胀器通过能量扩散闸与循环压缩器相连。
8、根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中：
冷凝装置部分地冷凝回流气流;
回流回归装置包括与冷凝装置相连的相分离容器，从而形成回流蒸气流的液相和气相，并与柱相连从而使液相蒸气回归至柱中以用作回流，以及
涡轮膨胀器与相分离容器相连以使蒸气膨胀从而从顶端氮蒸气馏分中形成冷冻蒸气流。
9、根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中：
循环装置包括一循环压缩器;以及
循环压缩器与冷凝装置相连使氧气流在柱温下压缩。
10、根据权利要求8所述的设备，其中循环压缩器与冷凝装置相连使氧蒸气流在柱温下压缩。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/060,144 US5363657A (en) | 1993-05-13 | 1993-05-13 | Single column process and apparatus for producing oxygen at above-atmospheric pressure |
| US060,144 | 1993-05-13 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1096095A true CN1096095A (zh) | 1994-12-07 |
Family
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| CN94105697A Pending CN1096095A (zh) | 1993-05-13 | 1994-05-11 | 在大于大气压力下生产氧气的单柱方法及其设备 |
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| US (1) | US5363657A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0624767B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH0771872A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1096095A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU680472B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2121879A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69408492D1 (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY111097A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW237515B (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA943124B (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101886871A (zh) * | 2010-08-04 | 2010-11-17 | 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种空气分离制取压力氧气的方法及装置 |
| CN102797974A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-11-28 | 张立永 | 氢脉 |
| CN103148676A (zh) * | 2013-01-27 | 2013-06-12 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置 |
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| US5442925A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-08-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the cryogenic distillation of an air feed to produce a low to medium purity oxygen product using a single distillation column system |
| US5463869A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1995-11-07 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Integrated adsorption/cryogenic distillation process for the separation of an air feed |
| US5582034A (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1996-12-10 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Air separation method and apparatus for producing nitrogen |
| US5611218A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-03-18 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Nitrogen generation method and apparatus |
| US5837107A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1998-11-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for production of aqueous solutions of free hydroxylamine |
| US5832748A (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1998-11-10 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Single column cryogenic rectification system for lower purity oxygen production |
| US5704229A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1998-01-06 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Process and apparatus for producing nitrogen |
| US5711166A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-01-27 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Air separation method and apparatus |
| US5924307A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-07-20 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Turbine/motor (generator) driven booster compressor |
| AUPO775697A0 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1997-07-31 | Inland Oil Refiners (Qld) Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for fractional distillation |
| DE102007051184A1 (de) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung |
| DE102007051183A1 (de) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung |
| DE102008064117A1 (de) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-05-28 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| EP2236964B1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2019-11-20 | Linde AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperatur-Luftzerlegung |
| JP6546504B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-20 | 2019-07-17 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | 酸素製造システム及び酸素製造方法 |
| CN110980653A (zh) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-04-10 | 山东保善生物科技有限公司 | 一种新型制氧装置 |
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| US3203193A (en) * | 1963-02-06 | 1965-08-31 | Petrocarbon Dev Ltd | Production of nitrogen |
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| US3756035A (en) * | 1966-04-04 | 1973-09-04 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Separation of the components of gas mixtures and air |
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-
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- 1993-05-13 US US08/060,144 patent/US5363657A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-04-13 TW TW083103276A patent/TW237515B/zh active
- 1994-04-21 CA CA002121879A patent/CA2121879A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-04-29 AU AU60792/94A patent/AU680472B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-05 ZA ZA943124A patent/ZA943124B/xx unknown
- 1994-05-10 DE DE69408492T patent/DE69408492D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-10 EP EP94303347A patent/EP0624767B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-11 CN CN94105697A patent/CN1096095A/zh active Pending
- 1994-05-11 MY MYPI94001185A patent/MY111097A/en unknown
- 1994-05-13 JP JP6100006A patent/JPH0771872A/ja active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101886871A (zh) * | 2010-08-04 | 2010-11-17 | 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种空气分离制取压力氧气的方法及装置 |
| CN101886871B (zh) * | 2010-08-04 | 2012-08-08 | 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种空气分离制取压力氧气的方法及装置 |
| CN102797974A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-11-28 | 张立永 | 氢脉 |
| CN103148676A (zh) * | 2013-01-27 | 2013-06-12 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置 |
| WO2014114138A1 (zh) * | 2013-01-27 | 2014-07-31 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置 |
| CN103148676B (zh) * | 2013-01-27 | 2016-03-30 | 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 | 一种等压分离制取氧氮的空分装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69408492D1 (de) | 1998-03-19 |
| AU6079294A (en) | 1994-11-17 |
| JPH0771872A (ja) | 1995-03-17 |
| ZA943124B (en) | 1995-02-22 |
| EP0624767B1 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| MY111097A (en) | 1999-08-30 |
| TW237515B (zh) | 1995-01-01 |
| EP0624767A1 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
| CA2121879A1 (en) | 1994-11-14 |
| AU680472B2 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| US5363657A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
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