CN109605704B - Method for extruding high polymer - Google Patents
Method for extruding high polymer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109605704B CN109605704B CN201811436876.5A CN201811436876A CN109605704B CN 109605704 B CN109605704 B CN 109605704B CN 201811436876 A CN201811436876 A CN 201811436876A CN 109605704 B CN109605704 B CN 109605704B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extruding a macromolecule. The method comprises the following steps: adding the materials into a mixing component; rotating a mixing member to mix the materials, wherein the mixing member comprises: a body having a truncated cone-shaped inner cavity, the body having an open first opening as a feed port at a first end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is smallest and an open second opening at a second end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is largest; and a baffle positioned in the inner cavity at the second opening and spaced apart from an inner surface of the body at equal intervals to serve as a discharge port, wherein the body has polar regions and non-polar regions alternately arranged on the inner surface of the body in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the circular truncated cone. The method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can replace the existing method of extruding with a screw, thereby avoiding replacement and maintenance of the screw and reducing time cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a kneading member for an extruder, and particularly to a kneading member for a screwless extruder.
Background
With the development of polymer materials, it is increasingly difficult to synthesize a novel polymer material. Therefore, the main research direction of polymer materials at present is to perform various modifications on known polymer materials, and the modification means most commonly used at present is blending modification. Blending modification refers to mixing two or more than two polymer materials together, and preparing a novel composite polymer material with certain specific properties by adding different modifiers and different proportions of raw materials. The most common equipment used to prepare such polymer composites is an extruder.
Extruders generally mix two or more materials to achieve uniform or relatively uniform mixing. Commonly used extruders include single screw extruders, twin screw extruders, and multi-screw extruders. The screw of the extruder usually has double functions of conveying and mixing, and the material can be conveyed forwards through the rotation of the screw, so that a certain shearing and stirring effect can be formed on the molten components in the sleeve of the extruder, and the aim of mixing uniformly is fulfilled.
However, due to the presence of the screws, wear between the screws and the sleeve is inevitable, and therefore such extruders usually require maintenance procedures on the screws after a period of use. This process typically requires disassembly of the screw. The disassembly process will be time consuming and costly. Furthermore, the manufacturing material and manufacturing process of the screw are also rather complicated, and therefore this will increase the manufacturing cost of the screw type extruder.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a screw-free mixing component and an extruder comprising the mixing component.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polymeric mixing member having different adhesive forces, the polymeric mixing member comprising: a body having a truncated cone-shaped inner cavity, the body having an open first opening as a feed port at a first end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is smallest and an open second opening at a second end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is largest; and a baffle positioned in the inner cavity at the second opening and spaced apart from an inner surface of the body at equal intervals to serve as a discharge port, wherein the body has polar regions and non-polar regions alternately arranged on the inner surface of the body in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the circular truncated cone.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a diameter ratio of a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the second end may be 1:2.5-1: 10.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a ratio of a diameter of a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to a minimum distance from the first end to the second end may be 1:10-1: 15.
According to example embodiments of the present invention, the polar region may include a hydroxyl group, and the non-polar region may include a long linear alkane of not less than 10 carbons.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, the polar region and the non-polar region may have the same width in the axial direction of the circular truncated cone.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, the body may include one of iron and aluminum.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an extruder comprising: the polymer kneading member as described above; the charging part is used for charging materials into the high-molecular mixing component; and a discharge part for discharging the material in the polymer mixing member in a molding manner, wherein the polymer mixing member is rotatably connected with the charging part and the discharge part.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the charging portion may include a heating cylinder communicating with the feeding port of the kneading member, and a feed screw located inside the heating cylinder.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the discharge section may be in communication with a discharge opening of the mixing member.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of extruding a macromolecule, the method comprising: adding the materials into a mixing component; and rotating the mixing member to mix the materials, wherein the mixing member comprises: a body having a truncated cone-shaped inner cavity, the body having an open first opening as a feed port at a first end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is smallest and an open second opening at a second end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is largest; and a baffle positioned in the inner cavity at the second opening and spaced apart from an inner surface of the body at equal intervals to serve as a discharge port, wherein the body has polar regions and non-polar regions alternately arranged on the inner surface of the body in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the circular truncated cone.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a diameter ratio of a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the second end may be 1:2.5-1: 10.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a ratio of a diameter of a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to a minimum distance from the first end to the second end may be 1:10-1: 15.
According to example embodiments of the present invention, the polar region may include a hydroxyl group, and the non-polar region may include a long linear alkane of not less than 10 carbons.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, the polar region and the non-polar region may have the same width in the axial direction of the circular truncated cone.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in adding material to the mixing member, the material may be added to the mixing member through a charging portion.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the charging part may include a heating cylinder communicating with the feeding port of the kneading member, and a charging port for charging and a feed screw located inside the heating cylinder at an upper portion of the heating cylinder.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the kneading members may be rotated about the axis of the circular table at an angular velocity of formula 1,
formula 1:
wherein, in formula 1, ω represents the angular velocity of rotation of the kneading member, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and d represents the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include: the material in the mixing members is discharged in a forming manner.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the material in the kneading members may be discharged shape-wise through the discharge portion.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, the body may include one of iron and aluminum.
The polymeric mixing member having different adhesive force and the extruder comprising the same according to the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
1) the invention uses the mixing component with the polar region and the non-polar region to replace the screw structure in the existing extruder, thereby avoiding the replacement and maintenance of the screw and reducing the time cost;
2) the mixing component has simple structure and reduces the manufacturing cost;
3) the novel mixing component for the extruder provided by the invention provides a new idea for the field.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a polymeric mixing member according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the development of the main body of the polymer kneading member shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating an extruder according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Hereinafter, a polymeric kneading member according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a polymeric kneading member according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing the development of the main body of the polymer kneading member shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the polymeric kneading member 100 having different adhesive force may include a body 110 and a baffle 120.
The main body 110 may have a hollow inner cavity in a shape of a circular truncated cone, and an upper end and a lower end of the main body 110 may be open, and specifically, the main body 110 has an open first opening 111 at a first end of the circular truncated cone of the main body 110 where a cross-sectional area is smallest, which may be a feed port of the polymer kneading member 100; the body 110 has a second opening 112, which is open at a second end of the circular truncated cone of the body 110 having the largest cross-sectional area, and which can be used as a discharge port of the polymer kneading member 100. That is, the body 110 may be in the form of an integral structure surrounded by a plate body and having upper and lower ends opened.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the body 110 may be formed of iron or aluminum, and iron is preferable as a material of the body 110, from the viewpoint of structural strength; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
Further, the body 110 may further have polar regions 113 and non-polar regions 114 alternately arranged on the inner surface of the body 110 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction X of the circular truncated cone. Further, the widths of the polar region 113 and the non-polar region 114 in the axial direction of the circular truncated cone may be the same. Here, the axial direction X of the circular truncated cone may refer to a height direction of the circular truncated cone.
In conventional extruders, mixing is usually performed using screws, which tends to additionally increase the maintenance and replacement process of the screws, so that the existing extruders have relatively low working efficiency. However, in the present invention, the alternate arrangement of the polar regions 113 and the non-polar regions 114 on the inner surface of the body 110 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction X of the circular truncated cone instead of the screw in the conventional extruder can improve the working efficiency while securing the kneading effect.
There are three main factors that influence the mixing effect of the polymer by the main body 110 of the polymer mixing member 100, including: the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end (i.e., the first opening 111) to the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end (i.e., the second opening 112), the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to the minimum distance from the first end to the second end (i.e., the height of the circular truncated cone), and the number of polar regions 113 and non-polar regions 114 of the polymeric kneading member 100.
Through experiments, when the ratio of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end is too large, particularly greater than 1:2.5, the circular truncated cone of the main body tends to become a cylinder, which may be unfavorable for the movement of the material in the polymer mixing member 100 from the first end (i.e., the feeding port) to the second end (i.e., the discharging port); likewise, when the ratio of the cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to the cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the second end is reduced, particularly to less than 1:10, the circular truncated cone of the body tends to become a cone, which causes the polymeric mixing member 100 to rotate at a high speed to transfer the molten material therein from the first end to the second end, which not only increases energy consumption, but also increases wear of the polymeric mixing member. Thus, in an example embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the cross-section of the truncated cone at the first end to the cross-section of the truncated cone at the second end may be 1:2.5-1:10, preferably may be 1:3.5-1:9, 1:4.5-1:8, 1:5.5-1:7, 1:4-1:7, 1:5-1:9 or 1:6-1: 8.
Similarly, it can be found through experiments that when the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to the minimum distance from the first end to the second end (i.e., the height of the circular truncated cone) is too large, particularly greater than 1:10, the height of the circular truncated cone of the main body 110 is too low, so that the mixing time of the material inside the main body 110 is short, and the mixing effect is not good; when the ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to the minimum distance from the first end to the second end is too small, particularly greater than 1:15, the height of the circular truncated cone of the main body 110 is too large, the kneading time of the material inside the main body 110 is long, and a large amount of material is likely to be accumulated in the polymer kneading member 100, which is also disadvantageous in kneading effect. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the diameter of the cross-section of the truncated cone at the first end to the minimum distance from the first end to the second end may be 1:10-1:15, preferably 1:9.5-1:14.5, 1:9-1:14, 1:8.5-1:13.5, 1:8-1:13, 1:7.5-1:12.5, 1:8-1:12, 1:8.5-1:11.5, 1:9-1:11, 1:12-1:14 or 1:11-1: 13.
Similarly, the excessive number of the polar regions 113 and the non-polar regions 114 of the polymeric mixing member 100 increases the difficulty in manufacturing the polymeric mixing member, and the small interval between the polar regions 113 and the non-polar regions 114 on the inner surface of the main body 110 is not favorable for the transmission of the internal flow rate, so that the mixing effect is poor; if the number of the polar regions 113 and the nonpolar regions 114 of the polymeric kneading member 100 is too small, the velocity gradient change period inside the main body 110 becomes long, and the kneading effect is also reduced. Typically the number of polar regions 113 or non-polar regions 114 is one fifth of the minimum distance from the first end to the second end, noted as: where n is the number of polar regions 113 or non-polar regions 114 and l is the minimum distance from the first end to the second end. Further, in a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the number of the polarity regions 113 and the non-polarity regions 114 may be substantially the same.
In an example embodiment of the present invention, the polar region 113 on the inner surface of the body 110 may include a hydroxyl group, and the non-polar region 114 on the inner surface of the body 110 may include a long linear alkane of not less than 10 carbons. In the present invention, the polar region 113 and the non-polar region 114 on the inner surface of the body 110 may be obtained by chemically modifying the inner surface of the body 110. A method of chemically modifying the inner surface of the body 110 to obtain the polar region 113 and the non-polar region 114 will be described in detail below.
First, the oxide film on the inner metal surface of the body 110 may be removed using a strong acid, for example, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid having a pH of 2, and washed with clean water to have a neutral pH.
Then, the metal surface from which the oxide film was removed was washed with acetone to remove grease possibly remaining on the metal surface, rinsed with clean water, and dried.
Then, the long linear alkane compound of not less than 10 carbons may be coated on a predetermined region of the inner metal surface of the main body 110 in an amount of 15g to 20g of the long linear alkane compound of not less than 10 carbons per square meter, and then dried, the coated predetermined region being the non-polar region 114, and the region not coated with the long linear alkane compound of not less than 10 carbons being the polar region 113, and since the metal surface may have a hydroxyl group after being treated, the polar group of the polar region 113 is a hydroxyl group.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the long linear alkane compound of not less than 10 carbons may be a trimethylsiloxane of not less than 10 carbons long linear alkane, such as n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane or n-hexadecyltrimethoxysilane; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
The baffle 120 may be located in the inner cavity of the body 110 at the second end of the body 110 and spaced apart from the inner surface of the body 110 at an equal interval, thereby serving as a discharge port.
The baffle 120 may have a circular plate configuration, and when disposed at the second end of the body 110, the baffle 120 may be concentric with the cross-section at the second end of the frustum.
Further, the baffle 120 may be fixed on the inner surface at the second end of the body 110 by a bracket via, for example, welding or the like. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the baffle 120 may be fixed on the inner surface at the second end of the body 110 by any suitable method, for example.
The method for producing the polymer kneading member 100 of the example embodiment of the present invention and the evaluation criteria will be described in detail below by way of examples and comparative examples.
[ production example]
Example 1
Removing the oxide film on the inner metal surface of the body 110 with a strong acid of hydrochloric acid having a pH of 2, and washing with clean water until the pH value is neutral; cleaning the metal surface with the oxide film removed by acetone to remove residual grease on the metal surface, washing the metal surface with clear water, and airing; then, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane may be coated on a predetermined region of the inner metal surface of the body 110 in an amount of 15g per square meter of n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, and then dried, the coated predetermined region being the non-polar region 114 and the region not coated with n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane being the polar region. Wherein the diameter d of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end110cm, diameter d of the cross section of the truncated cone at the second end2The minimum distance from the first end to the second end is 50cm, and l is 100 cm.
Example 2
A polymer kneading member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the diameter d of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end was 80cm, and the minimum distance l from the first end to the second end was 120 cm.
Example 3
A polymer kneading member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the diameter d of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end was 25cm, and the minimum distance l from the first end to the second end was 150 cm.
Example 4
A polymer kneading member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the diameter d of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end was 100cm, and the minimum distance l from the first end to the second end was 130 cm.
Comparative example 1
A polymer kneading member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the diameter d of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end portion was 13 cm.
Comparative example 2
A polymer kneading member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the diameter d of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the second end was 140 cm.
Comparative example 3
A polymer kneaded member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the minimum distance l from the first end to the second end was 25 cm.
Comparative example 4
A polymer kneaded member was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the minimum distance from the first end to the second end was 190 cm.
[ evaluation examples]
Generally, the blending effect of two polymer materials can be evaluated by measuring the Tg of the blend through DSC, that is, when two polymer materials are blended, if a Tg value is detected, the blending effect is better; on the contrary, if two Tg values are detected, the blending effect is poor. The mixing effect of the mixing equipment can be evaluated by applying the simple judgment standard.
Evaluation of example 1
Molten polypropylene (PP) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in a mass ratio of 85:15 were added to the kneading member 100 of example 1, and then kneaded at 200 ℃ and measured by DSC after kneading. The measurement results are shown in table 1 below.
Evaluation of examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4
Examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| d1(cm) | d2(cm) | l(cm) | DSC measurement | |
| Example 1 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 1 |
| Example 2 | 10 | 80 | 120 | 1 |
| Example 3 | 10 | 25 | 150 | 1 |
| Example 4 | 10 | 100 | 130 | 1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 10 | 13 | 100 | 2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 10 | 140 | 100 | 2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 10 | 50 | 25 | 2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 10 | 50 | 190 | 2 |
As can be seen from examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, the diameter d of the cross section of the truncated cone at the first end1With the diameter d of the cross-section of the truncated cone at the second end2When the ratio of (A) to (B) is not in the range of 1:2.5 to 1:10, the blending effect is poor. As can be seen from examples 3 and 4 and comparative examples 3 and 4, the diameter d of the cross-section of the truncated cone at the first end1With the diameter d of the cross-section of the truncated cone at the second end2Or a circle at the first endThe ratio of the diameter of the cross section of the table to the minimum distance from the first end to the second end is not in the optimum range, and the blending effect is deteriorated.
An extruder including the above-described polymeric kneading member 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating an extruder according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, an extruder 10 according to an example embodiment of the present invention may include a polymeric kneading member 100, a charging part 200, and a discharging part 300 as described above.
The polymer kneading member 100 mentioned here is substantially the same as the polymer kneading member described above, and therefore, will not be described in detail.
The charging portion 200 may be a device for charging the material to be kneaded into the polymeric kneading member 100. For example, the charging part 200 may include a heating cylinder 220 communicating with a first end (i.e., a feed inlet) of the polymer kneading member 100, a feed inlet 210 for feeding the polymer kneading member at an upper portion of the heating cylinder 220, and a feed screw 230 inside the heating cylinder 210. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the charging portion 200 may include any suitable component, as long as the charging portion 200, with the components assembled, can melt the material to be kneaded and convey the melted material to be kneaded into the inner cavity of the polymeric kneading member 100.
The discharge unit 300 may be a device for discharging the molten material in the polymer kneading member 100 by molding. The discharging part 300 may communicate with a discharging port of the polymer kneading member 100 to receive the molten material, so as to discharge the molten material in a molding manner to complete kneading of the material. In a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the discharge section 300 may include any suitable components included in existing extruders, such as conveying components, cooling components, cutting components, and the like. Which will not be described in detail herein.
A method of extruding a polymer by the extruder 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
The method of extruding a polymer according to the present invention includes adding materials into a mixing member and rotating the mixing member to mix the materials.
In the step of feeding the materials into the kneading members, the materials to be kneaded may be melted by the charging portion 200 as described above and then conveyed into the kneading members by the conveying screw 230. The kneading member here has substantially the same structure as the polymer kneading member 100 described above, and therefore, the description thereof will be omitted.
In the step of rotating the kneading member, the kneading member may be rotated about the axis of the circular table at a speed (for example, angular velocity) of the following formula 1.
Formula 1:
in formula 1, ω represents the angular velocity of rotation of the kneading member, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and d represents the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end.
In addition, the method of extruding a polymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include formulaically discharging the materials in the mixing member. The material in the kneading members can be discharged in a molded manner through the discharge section as described above.
As described above, the polymer kneading member 100 according to the example embodiment of the present invention can replace the screw structure in the conventional extruder, thereby avoiding replacement and maintenance of the screw and reducing the time cost. In addition, the mixing member of the present invention has a simple structure and reduces manufacturing cost. The kneading effect of the polymer kneading member 100 of the present invention can achieve the kneading effect of a screw extruder.
Claims (10)
1. A method of extruding a polymer, the method comprising adding material to a mixing member; and rotating the mixing member to mix the materials, wherein the mixing member comprises: a body having a truncated cone-shaped inner cavity, the body having an open first opening as a feed port at a first end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is smallest and an open second opening at a second end of the body where the cross-sectional area of the truncated cone is largest; and a baffle positioned in the inner cavity at the second opening and spaced apart from an inner surface of the body at equal intervals to serve as a discharge port, wherein the body has polar regions and non-polar regions alternately arranged on the inner surface of the body in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the circular truncated cone.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the first end to a cross-section of the circular truncated cone at the second end is from 1:2.5 to 1: 10.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the cross-section of the truncated cone at the first end to the minimum distance from the first end to the second end is from 1:10 to 1: 15.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polar region comprises hydroxyl groups and the non-polar region comprises long linear alkanes of not less than 10 carbons.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the polar region and the non-polar region have the same width in the axial direction of the circular truncated cone.
6. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the material is added to the mixing members by means of a charging portion, while the material is being added to the mixing members.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the charging portion comprises a heating cylinder communicating with the feed port of the kneading member and a feed screw located inside the heating cylinder.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing members are rotated about the axis of the rotary table at an angular velocity of formula 1,
formula 1:
wherein, in formula 1, ω represents the angular velocity of rotation of the kneading member, g represents the gravitational acceleration, and d represents the diameter of the cross section of the circular truncated cone at the first end.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the material in the mixing members is discharged in a forming manner.
10. A method according to claim 9, characterised in that the material in the mixing elements is discharged through the discharge portion in a profiled manner.
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