CN109604938B - Forming method of thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder - Google Patents
Forming method of thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN109604938B CN109604938B CN201811347532.7A CN201811347532A CN109604938B CN 109604938 B CN109604938 B CN 109604938B CN 201811347532 A CN201811347532 A CN 201811347532A CN 109604938 B CN109604938 B CN 109604938B
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- spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
- F17C2209/2181—Metal working processes, e.g. deep drawing, stamping or cutting
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming a thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder, which adopts a cold-drawn tube blank as a blank, obtains a closing-in spinning piece A and a closing-in spinning piece B through powerful spinning and closing-in spinning in sequence, respectively carries out heat treatment and machining shaping on the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B in sequence, and finally welds the machined closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B together in an argon arc welding mode. The stainless steel gas cylinder processed by the method has uniform wall thickness, good appearance and small grinding amount, the overall weight is greatly reduced by more than 50 percent compared with that of a pure welded steel gas cylinder, and the manufacturing cost is obviously reduced; the grain structure of the product is refined, the integral mechanical property and the high-temperature service reliability of the gas cylinder are obviously improved, and the method has important significance for manufacturing the thin-wall gas cylinder under the high-temperature and high-pressure service condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas cylinder manufacturing, and particularly relates to a forming method of a thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder.
Background
The high-pressure gas cylinder is a key part of aerospace equipment, the use pressure is up to 35MPa, and the highest use temperature exceeds 400 ℃. The traditional gas cylinder product is a pure steel gas cylinder with the thickness of 18mm-20mm, the cylinder body is made of rolled pipes, the end sockets at two ends are machined by adopting forgings, and finally the end sockets at two ends are connected with the cylinder body by adopting a welding process. In the actual use process, the grain structure in the welding area of the end socket and the bottle body is thick, the grain boundary precipitated phase is obvious, the grain boundary weakening effect is serious, the hidden troubles such as air leakage and germination defects exist after long-term use, and the pure steel gas cylinder manufactured by adopting the welding mode has large weight and is increasingly disjointed with the requirement of light weight. To actual development demand, the pure steel gas cylinder of thick wall has been unable to satisfy the requirement of design index such as pressure, temperature, subtract heavy, and the design scheme of novel stainless steel gas cylinder for aerospace does: carbon fiber and high-temperature-resistant resin are wound on an inner container of a thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder with the thickness of about 1mm, so that the high-pressure composite gas cylinder is manufactured, wherein the preparation of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is a core technology.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for forming a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder which is not sufficient for the above prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forming method of a thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder, which at least solves the problems of large thickness, large integral weight, serious grain boundary weakening effect of a welding area, more hidden dangers in long-term use and the like of the traditional pure steel gas cylinder.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a forming method of a thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is characterized in that the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is formed by processing a tube blank through the forming method, the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder comprises an integrally formed seal head A and a bottle opening A, and an integrally formed bottle body, a seal head B and a bottle opening B, and the forming method comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: preparing tube blanks to be processed, namely a tube blank A and a tube blank B;
s2, primary spinning and thinning of the tube blank: respectively carrying out spinning thinning on the tube blank A and the tube blank B;
s3, shaping the end face of the tube blank: machining the end part to be closed of the tube blank formed after spinning and thinning to ensure that the cut of the end part to be closed is neat, so as to obtain a thinning spinning part A and a thinning spinning part B;
s4, closing and spinning: carrying out closing spinning on the thinning spinning part A and the thinning spinning part B to obtain a closing spinning part A and a closing spinning part B; the closing-in spinning piece A is an integrally formed end enclosure A and a clamping section A, and the closing-in spinning piece B is an integrally formed bottle body, an end enclosure B and a clamping section B;
s5, solution treatment: respectively carrying out vacuum solution treatment on the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B;
s6, machining and shaping: respectively machining the seal head profiles of the closing-in spinning part A and the closing-in spinning part B after solution treatment, and cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B to obtain an integrally formed seal head A and a bottle mouth A, and an integrally formed bottle body, a seal head B and a bottle mouth B;
s7, connecting: and connecting the seal head A with the bottle body.
In the method for forming the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11, selecting a cold-drawn pipe as a pipe blank material;
s12, processing the cold drawn pipe into a pipe blank A and a pipe blank B through turning;
and S13, performing heat treatment on the tube blank A and the tube blank B obtained by turning to reduce the strength of the tube blank A and the tube blank B and meet the requirement of powerful spinning processing.
In the method for forming the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, preferably, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21, uniformly coating lubricating oil on the inner surfaces of the tube blank A and the tube blank B and the outer surface of the spinning forming die to ensure that the inner surfaces of the tube blanks after spinning thinning are not scratched;
s22, slowly sleeving the tube blank into the spinning forming die under the action of the tail top and the material pressing disc until the sealed bottom of the tube blank is tightly pressed with the end face of the spinning forming die to finish the installation of the tube blank;
and S23, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A and the tube blank B respectively by a forward spinning external spinning process to thin the tube blank A and the tube blank B.
In the method for forming the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, preferably, the step S23 specifically includes the following steps:
s231, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A and the tube blank B respectively by using a forward spinning external spinning process to integrally thin the tube blank A and the tube blank B;
and S232, carrying out multiple times of powerful spinning thinning on the non-thickening forming sections of the integrally thinned tube blank A and the tube blank B by a forward spinning outer spinning process respectively, wherein the non-thickening forming sections are positioned at one end of the tube blank close to the clamping section.
In the method for forming a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder as described above, preferably, the step S4 includes the steps of:
s41, setting the running track of a spinning wheel of the closing-up spinning equipment, and the rotating speed and feeding parameters of the spinning process;
s42, respectively clamping a thinning spinning part A and a thinning spinning part B for forming a seal head A and a seal head B by a clamping tool of closing-up spinning equipment, and then preheating the thinning spinning part A and the thinning spinning part B;
s43, performing a multi-pass closing-up spinning program, simultaneously performing heat supplementing on the thinning spinning part A and the thinning spinning part B, and automatically completing the spinning forming of the curved-surface end enclosure to obtain an integrally formed end enclosure A, a clamping section A, and an integrally formed bottle body, an end enclosure B and a clamping section B;
and S44, spinning and pre-forming the bottle mouth A and the bottle mouth B respectively on the seal head A and the seal head B.
In the method for forming the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, preferably, the step S6 specifically includes the following steps:
s61, respectively turning the inner and outer surfaces of the closing-in spinning member A and the closing-in spinning member B to obtain a bottle opening A and a bottle opening B;
s62, drilling the bottle opening A and the bottle opening B respectively to obtain an air delivery hole A and an air delivery hole B;
and S63, cutting the clamping section A and the clamping section B respectively to obtain an integrally formed seal head A and a bottle mouth A, and an integrally formed bottle body, a seal head B and a bottle mouth B.
In the method for forming the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, preferably, the step S7 specifically includes the following steps:
s71, correspondingly welding the end socket A and the bottle body into a whole in a welding mode;
and S72, detecting the welding seam between the seal head A and the bottle body, and ensuring that the welding seam meets the use requirement of high-temperature pressure bearing.
In the method for forming a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, preferably, the structure of the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder prepared by the forming method includes:
the bottle body is cylindrical;
the sealing head A is a hemispherical convex sealing head, and the edge of the sealing head A is connected with one end of the bottle body;
the end socket B is a hemispherical convex end socket, and the edge of the end socket B is connected with the other end of the bottle body;
the bottle opening A protrudes out of the spherical surface of the end socket A, and is provided with an air delivery hole A;
and the bottle opening B protrudes out of the spherical surface of the seal head B and is provided with an air delivery hole B.
According to the forming method of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder, preferably, the thickness of the cylinder body of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is 0.8-1.2 mm, the diameter of the cylinder body is 60-120 mm, the length of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is 400-850 mm, and the thickness of the seal head A and the thickness of the seal head B are 0.8-3 mm.
Preferably, in the method for forming the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder, the welding mode is argon arc welding.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
(1) compared with the traditional process of welding a rolled bottle body and forging end sockets on two sides, the gas cylinder product prepared by the forming method of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder provided by the invention has the advantages of uniform wall thickness, good appearance, small grinding amount, great reduction of the whole weight by more than 50%, and remarkable reduction of the manufacturing cost;
(2) the invention realizes the integrated forming of the end socket at one side and the bottle body, reduces 1 welding line, and greatly improves the problem of easy gas leakage in a multi-welding line state by strictly controlling and detecting the quality of a plurality of welding lines after welding because the wall thickness of the product is thin and the heat affected zone of the end socket at the other end and the welding line of the bottle body is small;
(3) all parts of the gas cylinder prepared by the method are spinning structural parts, the grain structure of a product can be comprehensively refined, particularly the end socket and the connecting area between the end socket and the cylinder body are refined, the grain size grade can be refined to 7-8 grade at the highest, and the integral mechanical property and high-temperature service reliability of the gas cylinder are obviously improved;
(4) the forming method of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder provided by the invention has the advantages of high degree of mechanization, less matched production equipment and land occupation, better working environment, high production efficiency and capability of effectively reducing the influence of manual operation on the consistency of the mass production quality of products, and can be well suitable for short-period and high-automation-degree engineering production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a finished structure of a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for forming a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a detailed flowchart of step S1 in fig. 2;
fig. 4 is a detailed flowchart of step S2 in fig. 2;
fig. 5 is a detailed flowchart of step S23 in fig. 4;
fig. 6 is a detailed flowchart of step S4 in fig. 2;
fig. 7 is a detailed flowchart of step S6 in fig. 2;
fig. 8 is a detailed flowchart of step S7 in fig. 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a tube blank A according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a tube blank B according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a thinned spun article A according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a thinned spun part B according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a method of forming a bottle opening in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a bottle opening A; 2. sealing a head A; 3. welding seams; 4. a bottle body; 5. sealing a head B; 6. a bottle opening B; 7. a pipe blank A; 8. a pipe blank B; 9. thinning the spinning part A; 10. and thinning the spinning and pressing piece B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder of the present embodiment includes:
a bottle opening A1, wherein the bottle opening A1 protrudes out of the spherical surface of the sealing head A2, and the bottle opening A1 is provided with an air delivery hole A;
the seal head A2, the seal head A2 is a hemispherical convex seal head, the edge of the seal head A2 is connected with the bottle body 4;
the bottle body 4 is cylindrical, one end of the bottle body 4 is connected with the seal head A2, and the other end of the bottle body 4 is connected with the seal head B5;
the seal head B5, the seal head B5 is a hemispherical convex seal head, and the edge of the seal head B5 is connected with the bottle body 4;
bottle opening B6, bottle opening B6 protrudes from the spherical surface of sealing head B5, and bottle opening B6 is provided with air delivery hole B.
Bottle opening A1 and closure head A2 are integrated into one structure, and bottle opening B6, closure head B5 and bottle body 4 are integrated into one structure; the material of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is 304 stainless steel.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the body 4 is 0.8 to 1.2mm (e.g., 0.9mm, 0.95mm, 1.0mm, 1.05mm, 1.1mm, 1.15mm), the inner diameter of the body 4 is 60 to 120mm (e.g., 62mm, 67mm, 73mm, 78mm, 83mm, 88mm, 95mm, 103mm, 107mm, 112mm, 118mm), the length of the stainless steel cylinder is 400 to 850mm (e.g., 420mm, 450mm, 480mm, 500mm, 530mm, 570mm, 610mm, 650mm, 690mm, 720mm, 760mm, 800mm, 820mm, 830mm), and the thickness of the caps A2 and B5 is 0.8 to 3mm (e.g., 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.7mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.5mm, 2.8mm, 9 mm).
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for forming a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder, as shown in fig. 2-13, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, blanking: preparing tube blanks to be processed, namely a tube blank A7 and a tube blank B8; the specific operation steps are as follows:
s11, selecting a cold-drawn pipe as a pipe blank material;
s12, turning the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 which are formed by cold drawing tube processing; the inner diameters of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 are close to the inner diameter of a product, and the tube blank A and the tube blank B can be processed into 60-120 mm (such as 62mm, 67mm, 73mm, 78mm, 83mm, 88mm, 95mm, 103mm, 107mm, 112mm and 118mm) according to the size distribution of the product; and the wall thicknesses of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 are determined by calculation according to the power spinning reduction rate, the final wall thickness of the product and the machining allowance of about 1 mm. According to the material characteristics of 304 stainless steel, the reduction rate is set to 75%, the final spinning thickness is the wall thickness of the bottle body 4 plus machining allowance, and the thicknesses of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 can be obtained through reverse calculation; the length of the tube blank A7 is 90mm, and the length of the tube blank B8 corresponds to the length of 400-850 mm (for example, 420mm, 450mm, 480mm, 500mm, 530mm, 570mm, 610mm, 650mm, 690mm, 720mm, 760mm, 800mm, 820mm, 830mm) of the bottle body 4, and 140-300 mm (for example, 142mm, 160mm, 180mm, 200mm, 220mm, 240mm, 260mm, 280mm) can be selected. And chamfering the end excircles of the machined pipe blank A7 and the machined pipe blank B8 by 5 multiplied by 30 degrees, so that the blank is convenient to mount.
The dimensional accuracy of the tube blank A7 is as follows:
tube blank inner diameter:
length of formed section: 90 mm;
a rotation slope angle: 15 deg.
The dimensional accuracy of the tube blank B8 is as follows:
tube blank inner diameter:
length of formed section: 140-300 mm (e.g., 142mm, 160mm, 180mm, 200mm, 220mm, 240mm, 260mm, 280 mm);
a rotation slope angle: 15 deg.
S13, carrying out heat treatment on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 obtained by turning, and carrying out heat treatment on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 by adopting the following heat treatment system according to the relevant standard specification of the heat treatment of 304 stainless steel so as to reduce the strength of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 and enable the tube blank to meet the requirements of power spinning processing:
and (3) heat treatment equipment: the temperature control precision of the heat treatment furnace is not more than +/-5 ℃;
a heating mode: heating along with the furnace;
and (3) heat preservation temperature: 850 ℃;
and (3) heat preservation time: 1.0-2.5 h (e.g. 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h, 2.0h, 2.2h, 2.4 h);
protective atmosphere: an inert gas;
a cooling mode: and (5) cooling along with the furnace.
S2, primary spinning and thinning of the tube blank: the method comprises the following steps of respectively carrying out spinning thinning on a tube blank A7 and a tube blank B8, and specifically:
s21, uniformly smearing lubricating oil on the inner surfaces of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 and the outer surface of the spinning forming die to ensure that the inner surface of the tube blank after spinning thinning does not generate scratches;
s22, slowly sleeving the tube blank into the spinning forming die under the action of the tail top and the material pressing disc until the sealed bottom of the tube blank is tightly pressed with the end face of the spinning forming die to finish the installation of the tube blank;
s23, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 respectively by a forward spinning external spinning process to thin the tube blanks; according to the initial size of the tube blank and the final size of the bottle body 4, 1mm of machining allowance is reserved on the basis of the final wall thickness, the whole power spinning process is divided into four passes, and the middle part is subjected to one-time solution treatment, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
s231, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 respectively by a forward spinning external spinning process to integrally thin the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8;
due to the existence of the deformation rebound quantity of the material, the deformed material can rebound to a certain extent, the rebound quantity is designed to be 0.4mm according to the production experience of 304 stainless steel, a spinning program is written according to the following parameters, and the first spinning is carried out:
first primary spindle speed: 30-60 r/min (for example, 35r/min, 40r/min, 45r/min, 50r/min, 55r/min, 58 r/min);
first pass feeding speed: 30-60 mm/min (e.g., 35mm/min, 40mm/min, 45mm/min, 50mm/min, 55mm/min, 58 mm/min);
final clearance of first-pass spinning roller and die: 5.3-5.7 mm (e.g., 5.35mm, 5.4mm, 5.5mm, 5.6mm, 5.65 mm);
after the first-pass deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 5.7-6.1 mm (for example, 5.75mm, 5.8mm, 5.9mm, 6.0mm and 6.05 mm);
and S232, carrying out multiple times of powerful spinning thinning on the non-thickening forming sections of the integrally thinned tube blank A and the tube blank B by a forward spinning outer spinning process respectively, wherein the non-thickening forming sections are positioned at one end of the tube blank close to the clamping section. Because the end parts of the final curved end socket 1 and the end socket 2 are both provided with thickened bottle mouth structures, a thickened forming section is specially reserved for the subsequent closing and spinning so as to realize the accumulation and thickening of materials. Reserving thickening forming sections of 100mm at the far clamping ends of the integrally thinned tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 respectively, wherein the remaining length is a non-thickening forming section, and carrying out multiple times of powerful spinning on the tube blank of the non-thickening forming section by a forward spinning external spinning process to reduce the thickness of the tube blank to a target size;
writing a spinning program according to the following parameters, and respectively spinning for the second pass, the third pass and the fourth pass:
the rotation speed of the main shaft of the second pass is as follows: 30-60 r/min (for example, 35r/min, 40r/min, 45r/min, 50r/min, 55r/min, 58 r/min);
second-pass feeding speed: 30-60 mm/min (e.g., 35mm/min, 40mm/min, 45mm/min, 50mm/min, 55mm/min, 58 mm/min);
the final clearance between the second-pass rotating wheel and the die is as follows: 3.6-4.0 mm (e.g., 3.65mm, 3.7mm, 3.75mm, 3.8mm, 3.85mm, 3.9mm, 3.95 mm);
after the second-pass deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 4.0-4.4 mm (such as 4.05mm, 4.1mm, 4.15mm, 4.2mm, 4.25mm, 4.3mm and 4.35 mm);
third secondary main shaft rotating speed: 30-60 r/min (for example, 35r/min, 40r/min, 45r/min, 50r/min, 55r/min, 58 r/min);
third feeding speed: 30-60 mm/min (e.g., 35mm/min, 40mm/min, 45mm/min, 50mm/min, 55mm/min, 58 mm/min);
the final clearance between the third secondary rotating wheel and the die is as follows: 2.3-2.7 mm (e.g., 2.35mm, 2.4mm, 2.45mm, 2.5mm, 2.55mm, 2.6mm, 2.65 mm);
after the third secondary deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 2.7-3.1 mm (such as 2.75mm, 2.8mm, 2.85mm, 2.9mm, 3.0mm and 3.05 mm);
fourth-pass spindle rotation speed: 30-60 r/min (for example, 35r/min, 40r/min, 45r/min, 50r/min, 55r/min, 58 r/min);
fourth-pass feeding speed: 30-60 mm/min (e.g., 35mm/min, 40mm/min, 45mm/min, 50mm/min, 55mm/min, 58 mm/min);
the final clearance between the fourth-pass rotating wheel and the die is as follows: 1.4-1.8 mm (e.g., 1.5mm, 1.55mm, 1.6mm, 1.65mm, 1.7mm, 1.75 mm);
after the fourth pass of deformation, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 1.8-2.2 mm (such as 1.85mm, 1.9mm, 1.95mm, 2.0mm, 2.1mm and 2.15 mm).
S3, shaping the end face of the tube blank: machining the end part to be closed of the tube blank formed after spinning and thinning to ensure that the cut of the end part to be closed is neat, thereby obtaining a thinning spinning part A9 and a thinning spinning part B10;
after the tube blank is strongly spun, uneven ports are formed at the free ends of the thinning spinning piece A9 and the thinning spinning piece B10, the control of the subsequent closing spinning on the dimensional precision is not facilitated, the ports need to be machined on a lathe, the notches are ensured to be even, and the outer surface of the bottle body 4 is subjected to flattening machining treatment on the tube blank B8 for forming the seal head B5 and the bottle body 4.
S4, closing and spinning: closing-up spinning is carried out on the thinning spinning piece A9 and the thinning spinning piece B10, and a closing-up spinning piece A and a closing-up spinning piece B are obtained; the closing-in spinning piece A is an integrally formed sealing head A2 and a clamping section A, and the closing-in spinning piece B is an integrally formed bottle body 4, a sealing head B5 and a clamping section B; the specific operation steps are as follows:
s41, according to the profile requirements of the seal head A2 and the seal head B5, setting the running track of a spinning wheel of closing-in spinning equipment, the rotating speed and the feeding parameters of the spinning process, wherein the process parameters are as follows:
main shaft rotating speed: 180 r/min;
feeding speed: 200 mm/min;
s42, respectively clamping a thinning spinning part A9 and a thinning spinning part B10 for forming a seal head A2 and a seal head B5 through a clamping tool of closing-up spinning equipment, and then preheating a thinning spinning part A9 and a thinning spinning part B10; the temperature control is realized by real-time monitoring of an infrared thermometer calibrated by a curve and real-time regulation and control of a heating system; the heating temperature of the closing spinning is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃ (such as 930 ℃, 960 ℃, 990 ℃, 1020 ℃, 1050 ℃ and 1080 ℃).
S43, performing a multi-pass closing-up spinning program, simultaneously performing heat supplementing on the thinning spinning part A9 and the thinning spinning part B10, and automatically completing the spinning forming of the curved surface end enclosure; obtaining an integrally formed seal head A2, a clamping section A, and an integrally formed bottle body 4, a seal head B5 and a clamping section B; the spinning wheel gradually moves from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end of the product along the axis, and the to-be-closed processing area of the thinning spinning piece gradually approaches to the shape of the curved surface end enclosure through closing-up spinning of five passes, so that the outer profile meets the requirement, and a small amount of processing allowance is reserved.
And S44, spinning and forming bottle mouth A1 and bottle mouth B6 on seal head A2 and seal head B5 respectively.
The curved surface end enclosure has a bottle mouth structure, when the running track of the rotary wheel is edited in each pass, 2-3 forward-rotation and backward-rotation processes are required to be added at the front and back positions of the bottle mouth according to the size of the bottle mouth, so that the reserved materials can be fully accumulated at the position of the bottle mouth to complete pre-forming, the whole closing-up spinning process, and the forming process of the curved surface end enclosure and the bottle mouth is schematically shown in fig. 13.
S5, solution treatment: carrying out vacuum solution treatment on the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B to ensure that the mechanical properties of the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B meet the requirements;
according to the relevant standard specification of the heat treatment of the 304 stainless steel, the closing-in spinning finished product is subjected to heat treatment by adopting the following heat treatment system so as to improve the mechanical property of the material and reduce the residual stress:
and (3) heat treatment equipment: the temperature control precision of the quenching furnace is not more than +/-5 ℃;
a heating mode: heating along with the furnace;
and (3) heat preservation temperature: 1060 deg.C;
and (3) heat preservation time: 1.0-2.5 h (e.g. 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h, 2.0h, 2.2h, 2.4 h);
protective atmosphere: an inert gas;
a cooling mode: and (5) cooling along with the furnace.
S6, machining and shaping: respectively machining the seal head profiles of the closing-in spinning member A and the closing-in spinning member B after the solution treatment, and cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B to obtain an integrally formed seal head A2 and a bottle mouth A1, and an integrally formed bottle body 4, a seal head B5 and a bottle mouth B6; the specific operation steps are as follows:
s61, respectively turning the inner and outer surfaces of the closing-in spinning member A and the closing-in spinning member B to obtain a bottle opening A1 and a bottle opening B6;
s62, drilling holes in a bottle opening A1 and a bottle opening B6 respectively, and machining internal threads to obtain a gas transmission hole A and a gas transmission hole B;
and S63, cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B respectively to obtain an integrally formed seal head A2 and a bottle opening A1, and an integrally formed bottle body 4, a seal head B5 and a bottle opening B6, so that the welding requirements are met.
S7, connecting: the end enclosure A2 is connected with the bottle body 4, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
s71, correspondingly welding the end socket A2 and the bottle body 4 into a whole by adopting an argon arc welding mode;
s72, the welding seam 3 between the seal head A2 and the bottle body 4 is detected, and the welding seam 3 is ensured to meet the use requirement of high-temperature pressure bearing.
The welding process is evaluated through a plurality of detection means such as tensile test, water pressure, X-ray flaw detection, helium mass spectrum and the like, so that the welding seam 3 is verified to meet the use requirement of high-temperature pressure bearing.
Example 1
In the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the bottle body 4 is 1mm, the inner diameter of the bottle body 4 is 95mm, the length of the stainless steel gas cylinder is 660mm, the thicknesses of the seal head A2 and the seal head B5 are in gradual change distribution, the thickness of the connection area with the bottle body 4 is 1mm, and the thickness of the bottle mouth area is 3 mm.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a forming method of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: preparing tube blanks to be processed, namely a tube blank A7 and a tube blank B8; the specific operation steps are as follows:
s11, selecting a cold-drawn pipe as a pipe blank material;
s12, turning the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 which are formed by cold drawing tube processing; the inner diameters of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 are 95 mm; and the wall thicknesses of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 are determined according to the calculation of the power spinning reduction rate, the final wall thickness of the product and the machining allowance of 1 mm. According to the material characteristics of 304 stainless steel, the reduction rate is set to be 75%, and the thicknesses of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 are calculated to be 8 mm; the lengths of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 were 90mm and 215mm, respectively. And chamfering the end excircles of the machined pipe blank A7 and the machined pipe blank B8 by 5 multiplied by 30 degrees, so that the blank is convenient to mount.
The dimensional accuracy of the tube blank A7 is as follows:
tube blank inner diameter:
thickness of the tube blank:
length of formed section: 90 mm;
a rotation slope angle: 15 deg.
The dimensional accuracy of the tube blank B8 is as follows:
tube blank inner diameter:
thickness of the tube blank:
length of formed section: 215 mm;
a rotation slope angle: 15 deg.
S13, carrying out heat treatment on the turned tube blank A7 and the turned tube blank B8; according to the relevant standard specification of the heat treatment of the 304 stainless steel, the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 are subjected to heat treatment by adopting the following heat treatment system to reduce the strength of the tube blanks so as to meet the requirements of the power spinning processing:
and (3) heat treatment equipment: the temperature control precision of the heat treatment furnace is not more than +/-5 ℃;
a heating mode: heating along with the furnace;
and (3) heat preservation temperature: 850 ℃;
and (3) heat preservation time: 1.5 h;
protective atmosphere: nitrogen gas;
a cooling mode: and (5) cooling along with the furnace.
S2, primary spinning and thinning of the tube blank: respectively carrying out spinning thinning on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8; the specific operation steps are as follows:
s21, uniformly smearing lubricating oil on the inner surfaces of the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 and the outer surface of the spinning forming die to ensure that the inner surface of the tube blank after spinning thinning does not generate scratches;
s22, slowly sleeving the tube blank into the spinning forming die under the action of the tail top and the material pressing disc until the sealed bottom of the tube blank is tightly pressed with the end face of the spinning forming die to finish the installation of the tube blank;
s23, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 respectively by a forward spinning external spinning process to thin the tube blanks, and according to the initial size of the tube blanks and the final size of the bottle body 4, considering that 1mm of machining allowance is left on the basis of 1mm of final wall thickness, namely obtaining a semi-finished product with the wall thickness of the bottle body 4 part of which is about 2mm after the powerful spinning, wherein the whole powerful spinning process is divided into four passes and is performed by one-time solution treatment, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
s231, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 respectively by a forward spinning external spinning process to integrally thin the tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8;
due to the existence of the deformation rebound quantity of the material, the deformed material can rebound to a certain extent, the rebound quantity is designed to be 0.4mm according to the production experience of 304 stainless steel, a spinning program is written according to the following parameters, and the first spinning is carried out
First primary spindle speed: 40 r/min;
first pass feeding speed: 40 mm/min;
final clearance of first-pass spinning roller and die: 5.5 mm;
after the first-pass deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 5.9 mm;
and S232, carrying out multiple times of powerful spinning thinning on the non-thickening forming sections of the integrally thinned tube blank A and the tube blank B by a forward spinning outer spinning process respectively, wherein the non-thickening forming sections are positioned at one end of the tube blank close to the clamping section. Because the end parts of the final curved end socket 1 and the end socket 2 are both provided with thickened bottle mouth structures, a thickened forming section is specially reserved for the subsequent closing and spinning so as to realize the accumulation and thickening of materials. Reserving thickening forming sections of 100mm at the far clamping ends of the integrally thinned tube blank A7 and the tube blank B8 respectively, wherein the remaining length is a non-thickening forming section, and carrying out multiple times of powerful spinning on the tube blank of the non-thickening forming section by a forward spinning external spinning process to reduce the thickness of the tube blank to a target size;
writing a spinning program according to the following parameters, and respectively spinning for the second pass, the third pass and the fourth pass:
the rotation speed of the main shaft of the second pass is as follows: 40 r/min;
second-pass feeding speed: 40 mm/min;
the final clearance between the second-pass rotating wheel and the die is as follows: 3.8 mm;
after the second pass of deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 4.2 mm;
third secondary main shaft rotating speed: 40 r/min;
third feeding speed: 40 mm/min;
the final clearance between the third secondary rotating wheel and the die is as follows: 2.5 mm;
after the third secondary deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 2.9 mm;
fourth-pass spindle rotation speed: 40 r/min;
fourth-pass feeding speed: 40 mm/min;
the final clearance between the fourth-pass rotating wheel and the die is as follows: 1.6 mm;
and after the fourth pass of deformation is finished, the wall thickness of the tube blank is about 2.0 mm.
S3, shaping the end face of the tube blank: machining the end part to be closed of the tube blank formed after spinning and thinning to ensure that the cut of the end part to be closed is neat, thereby obtaining a thinning spinning part A9 and a thinning spinning part B10;
after the tube blank is strongly spun, uneven ports are formed at the free ends of the thinning spinning piece A9 and the thinning spinning piece B10, the control of the subsequent closing spinning on the dimensional precision is not facilitated, the ports need to be machined on a lathe, the notches are ensured to be even, and the outer surface of the bottle body 4 is subjected to flattening machining treatment on the tube blank B8 for forming the seal head B5 and the bottle body 4.
S4, closing and spinning: closing-up spinning is carried out on the thinning spinning piece A9 and the thinning spinning piece B10, and a closing-up spinning piece A and a closing-up spinning piece B are obtained; the closing-in spinning piece A is an integrally formed sealing head A2 and a clamping section A, and the closing-in spinning piece B is an integrally formed bottle body 4, a sealing head B5 and a clamping section B; the specific operation steps are as follows: s41, setting the running track of a spinning wheel of the closing-in spinning equipment, and related parameters such as the rotating speed and feeding in the spinning process according to the profile requirements of a seal head A2 and a seal head B5; the technological parameters are as follows:
main shaft rotating speed: 180 r/min;
feeding speed: 200 mm/min;
s42, respectively clamping a thinning spinning part A9 and a thinning spinning part B10 for forming a seal head A2 and a seal head B5 through a clamping tool of closing-up spinning equipment, and then preheating a thinning spinning part A9 and a thinning spinning part B10; the temperature control is realized by real-time monitoring of an infrared thermometer calibrated by a curve and real-time regulation and control of a heating system; the closing spinning heating temperature is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃.
S43, performing a multi-pass closing-up spinning program, simultaneously performing heat compensation on the tube blank, and automatically completing the spinning forming of the curved surface end enclosure; obtaining an integrally formed seal head A2, a clamping section A, and an integrally formed bottle body 4, a seal head B5 and a clamping section B; the spinning wheel gradually moves from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end of the product along the axis, and the to-be-closed processing area of the thinning spinning piece gradually approaches to the shape of the curved surface end enclosure through closing-up spinning of five passes, so that the outer profile meets the requirement, and a small amount of processing allowance is reserved.
And S44, spinning and forming bottle mouth A1 and bottle mouth B6 on seal head A2 and seal head B5 respectively.
The curved surface end enclosure has a bottle mouth structure, when the running track of the rotary wheel is edited in each pass, 3 times of forward rotation and backward rotation processes are required to be added at the front and back positions of the curved surface end enclosure according to the size of a bottle mouth, so that the reserved materials can be fully accumulated at the position of the bottle mouth to complete pre-forming, the whole closing-up spinning process, and the forming process of the curved surface end enclosure and the bottle mouth is schematically shown in fig. 13.
S5, solution treatment: carrying out vacuum solution treatment on the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B to ensure that the mechanical properties of the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B meet the requirements;
according to the relevant standard specification of the heat treatment of the 304 stainless steel, the closing-in spinning finished product is subjected to heat treatment by adopting the following heat treatment system so as to improve the mechanical property of the material and reduce the residual stress:
and (3) heat treatment equipment: the temperature control precision of the quenching furnace is not more than +/-5 ℃;
a heating mode: heating along with the furnace;
and (3) heat preservation temperature: 1060 deg.C;
and (3) heat preservation time: 1 h;
protective atmosphere: nitrogen gas;
a cooling mode: and (5) cooling along with the furnace.
S6, machining and shaping: respectively machining the seal head profiles of the closing-in spinning member A and the closing-in spinning member B after the solution treatment, and cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B to obtain an integrally formed seal head A2 and a bottle mouth A1, and an integrally formed bottle body 4, a seal head B5 and a bottle mouth B6; the specific operation steps are as follows:
s61, respectively turning the inner and outer surfaces of the closing-in spinning member A and the closing-in spinning member B to obtain a bottle opening A1 and a bottle opening B6;
s62, drilling holes in a bottle opening A1 and a bottle opening B6 respectively, and machining internal threads to obtain a gas transmission hole A and a gas transmission hole B;
and S63, cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B respectively to obtain an integrally formed seal head A2 and a bottle opening A1, and an integrally formed bottle body 4, a seal head B5 and a bottle opening B6, so that the welding requirements are met.
S7, connecting: the end enclosure A2 is connected with the bottle body 4, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
s71, correspondingly welding the end socket A2 and the bottle body 4 into a whole by adopting an argon arc welding mode;
s72, the welding seam 3 between the seal head A2 and the bottle body 4 is detected, and the welding seam 3 is ensured to meet the use requirement of high-temperature pressure bearing.
The welding process is evaluated through a plurality of detection means such as tensile test, water pressure, X-ray flaw detection, helium mass spectrum and the like, so that the welding seam 3 is verified to meet the use requirement of high-temperature pressure bearing.
In conclusion, the gas cylinder product prepared by the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder forming method provided by the invention has the advantages of uniform wall thickness, good appearance, small grinding amount, greatly reduced overall weight by more than 50% compared with a pure welded steel gas cylinder, and remarkably reduced manufacturing cost; the integral forming of the end socket at one side and the bottle body is realized, 1 welding line is reduced, and meanwhile, because the thickness of the product is thin, the heat affected zone of the end socket at the other end and the welding line of the bottle body is small, the remaining problem of easy gas leakage in a multi-welding-line state is greatly improved by strictly controlling the heat affected zone of the end socket at the other end and the welding line of the bottle body and carrying out a plurality of welding line quality detections after welding; the whole gas cylinder adopts a spinning processing method, so that the degree of mechanization is high, the supporting production equipment and the occupied area are small, the working environment is good, the influence of manual operation on the consistency of the mass production quality of products is effectively reduced, the production efficiency is high, and the gas cylinder can be well adapted to the short-period high-automation-degree engineering production; meanwhile, the crystal grain structure of the product, particularly the end socket and the connecting area between the end socket and the bottle body, can be refined in all directions through spinning processing, the highest grade of the crystal grain size can be refined to 7-8 grade, and the integral mechanical property and the high-temperature service reliability of the gas cylinder are obviously improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A forming method of a thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, blanking: preparing tube blanks to be processed, namely a tube blank A and a tube blank B;
s2, primary spinning and thinning of the tube blank: respectively carrying out spinning thinning on the tube blank A and the tube blank B;
the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21, uniformly coating lubricating oil on the inner surfaces of the tube blank A and the tube blank B and the outer surface of the spinning forming die to ensure that the inner surfaces of the tube blanks after spinning thinning are not scratched;
s22, slowly sleeving the tube blank into the spinning forming die under the action of the tail top and the material pressing disc until the sealed bottom of the tube blank is tightly pressed with the end face of the spinning forming die to finish the installation of the tube blank;
s23, performing four-pass powerful spinning on the tube blank A and the tube blank B respectively through a forward spinning external spinning process, and performing one-time solution treatment in the middle of the four-pass powerful spinning to thin the tube blank A and the tube blank B;
the step S23 specifically includes the following steps:
s231, performing powerful spinning on the tube blank A and the tube blank B respectively by using a forward spinning external spinning process to integrally thin the tube blank A and the tube blank B;
s232, carrying out three-pass powerful spinning thinning on the non-thickening forming sections of the integrally thinned tube blank A and the tube blank B by a forward spinning external spinning process, wherein the non-thickening forming sections are positioned at one ends of the tube blanks close to the clamping sections;
s3, shaping the end face of the tube blank: machining the end part to be closed of the tube blank formed after spinning and thinning to ensure that the cut of the end part to be closed is neat, so as to obtain a thinning spinning part A and a thinning spinning part B;
s4, closing and spinning: carrying out closing spinning on the thinning spinning part A and the thinning spinning part B to obtain a closing spinning part A and a closing spinning part B; the closing-in spinning piece A is an integrally formed end enclosure A and a clamping section A, and the closing-in spinning piece B is an integrally formed bottle body, an end enclosure B and a clamping section B; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, setting the running track of a spinning wheel of the closing-up spinning equipment, the rotating speed and the feeding parameters in the spinning process, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft in the spinning process is 180r/min, and the feeding speed is 200 mm/min;
s42, respectively clamping a thinning spinning part A and a thinning spinning part B for forming a seal head A and a seal head B by a clamping tool of closing-up spinning equipment, and then preheating the thinning spinning part A and the thinning spinning part B;
s43, a spinning wheel of the closing-up spinning equipment gradually runs from the large-diameter end to the small-diameter end of the product along the axis, a closing-up spinning program of five passes is executed, meanwhile, heat supplementing is carried out on the thinning spinning piece A and the thinning spinning piece B, the spinning forming of the curved-surface end enclosure is automatically completed, and the integrally formed end enclosure A, the integrally formed clamping section A, the integrally formed bottle body, the end enclosure B and the integrally formed clamping section B are obtained;
s44, spinning and pre-forming the bottle mouth A and the bottle mouth B respectively on the seal head A and the seal head B;
the curved surface end socket is provided with a bottle mouth structure, and when the running track of the rotary wheel is edited in each pass, 2-3 forward and backward rotary processes are required to be added according to the size of a bottle mouth, so that the reserved materials can be fully accumulated to the position of the bottle mouth to complete pre-forming;
s5, solution treatment: respectively carrying out vacuum solution treatment on the closing-in spinning piece A and the closing-in spinning piece B;
s6, machining and shaping: respectively machining the seal head profiles of the closing-in spinning part A and the closing-in spinning part B after solution treatment, and cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B to obtain an integrally formed seal head A and a bottle mouth A, and an integrally formed bottle body, a seal head B and a bottle mouth B; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s61, respectively turning the inner and outer surfaces of the closing-in spinning member A and the closing-in spinning member B to obtain a bottle opening A and a bottle opening B;
s62, drilling the bottle opening A and the bottle opening B respectively to obtain an air delivery hole A and an air delivery hole B;
s63, cutting off the clamping section A and the clamping section B respectively to obtain an integrally formed seal head A and a bottle mouth A, and an integrally formed bottle body, a seal head B and a bottle mouth B;
s7, connecting: connecting the seal head A with the bottle body;
the thickness of the bottle body of the thin-wall stainless steel gas bottle is 0.8-1.2 mm, the diameter of the bottle body is 60-120 mm, the length of the thin-wall stainless steel gas bottle is 400-850 mm, and the thickness of the seal head A and the seal head B is 0.8-3 mm;
the step S7 specifically includes the following steps:
s71, correspondingly welding the end socket A and the bottle body into a whole in a welding mode;
s72, detecting the welding seam between the seal head A and the bottle body, and ensuring that the welding seam meets the use requirement of high-temperature pressure bearing;
the welding mode is argon arc welding.
2. The forming method of the thin-wall stainless steel gas cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, selecting a cold-drawn pipe as a pipe blank material;
s12, processing the cold drawn pipe into a pipe blank A and a pipe blank B through turning;
and S13, performing heat treatment on the tube blank A and the tube blank B obtained by turning to reduce the strength of the tube blank A and the tube blank B and meet the requirement of powerful spinning processing.
3. The method of forming a thin-walled stainless steel cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the thin-walled stainless steel cylinder produced in the forming method comprises:
the bottle body is cylindrical;
the sealing head A is a hemispherical convex sealing head, and the edge of the sealing head A is connected with one end of the bottle body;
the end socket B is a hemispherical convex end socket, and the edge of the end socket B is connected with the other end of the bottle body;
the bottle opening A protrudes out of the spherical surface of the end socket A, and is provided with an air delivery hole A;
and the bottle opening B protrudes out of the spherical surface of the seal head B and is provided with an air delivery hole B.
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| CN101885137A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-11-17 | 北京天海工业有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aluminum liner of vehicular composite cylinder |
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