CN110056590B - Preparation process of special-shaped steel wire for rolling light-load die spring - Google Patents
Preparation process of special-shaped steel wire for rolling light-load die spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN110056590B CN110056590B CN201910385346.0A CN201910385346A CN110056590B CN 110056590 B CN110056590 B CN 110056590B CN 201910385346 A CN201910385346 A CN 201910385346A CN 110056590 B CN110056590 B CN 110056590B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
- B21B27/024—Rolls for bars, rods, rounds, tubes, wire or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/042—Wound springs characterised by the cross-section of the wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2267/00—Roll parameters
- B21B2267/18—Roll crown; roll profile
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2226/00—Manufacturing; Treatments
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a special-shaped steel wire for rolling a light-load die spring, and relates to the technical field of metal products. The section of the special-shaped steel wire is an imitation trapezoidal section, the two waists are two straight lines which are symmetrical about a central axis, the upper bottom edge is an arc line which is tangent to the two waists, the lower bottom edge is a straight line, and the lower bottom edge and the corners of the two waists are connected by adopting transition arcs. The invention optimizes the section of the special-shaped steel wire on one hand and improves the preparation process on the other hand, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped steel wire, simultaneously avoiding the surface scratch of the steel wire and improving the surface quality of the steel wire, having low cost and strong universality and providing a spring steel wire material with easy rolling, high quality and less waste products for spring manufacturing enterprises which subsequently use the special-shaped steel wire to roll the light-load die spring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal products, in particular to a preparation process of a special-shaped steel wire for rolling a light-load die spring.
Background
With the continuous deepening of Chinese economic reform, the upgrading of industrial products becomes a necessary choice, and the same is true of the metal product industry which is the basis of Chinese manufacturing industry. At present, domestic common special-shaped wires have surplus capacity and low price, but high-quality special-shaped wires still need to be imported, and the high-quality special-shaped wires are large and weak and become obvious characteristics of the development of the metal product industry in China, so the technical problem of the production of high-end special-shaped steel wires with complex sections needs to be solved urgently. Hitherto, the section of the special-shaped steel wire for the spring of the light-load die produced by domestic metal product manufacturers is mainly trapezoidal. The difficulty of the section design of the trapezoidal steel wire is as follows: not only needs to consider the stress balance and the deformation allowance of the trapezoidal steel wire in the coiling process, but also needs to ensure that the section of the spring steel wire is as close to a rectangle as possible after the spring is coiled, so that the spring can be ensured to have the maximum deformation energy. The difficulty in the production and manufacturing of the trapezoidal steel wire is as follows: if the trapezoidal steel wire is delivered in a soft state (annealed state), and heat treatment is performed after the spring is coiled, the spring is easy to deform to generate waste products; if the trapezoidal steel wire is delivered in an oil quenching-tempering state after heat treatment, the spring is very easy to break when being coiled, which leads to the failure of the coil spring and even damages the coil spring equipment.
In view of the above technical problems, there are also many steel wire manufacturers trying to design and produce steel wires with a substantially trapezoidal cross section, such as the first conventional representative structure shown in fig. 1 and the second conventional representative structure shown in fig. 2. The section of a steel wire of a traditional representative structure I is an isosceles trapezoid with a slight arc, namely the upper bottom, the lower bottom and two waists of the trapezoid are arc lines with larger radius, and corners among four sections of arcs are also connected by transition arcs; although the steel wire cross-section that traditional representative structure one had fully considered the atress equilibrium and the deformation reserve of system in-process steel wire, because the arc section is too much in the steel wire cross-section, be the preparation degree of difficulty of mould big, with high costs on the one hand, on the other hand is that the error of the finished product steel wire cross-section of actual production is great with the design cross-section, is difficult to guarantee to roll up the section of making the spring steel wire behind the spring and is close the rectangle, and practicality and commonality are relatively poor, are difficult to promote. The section of a steel wire of the traditional representative structure II is an approximate trapezoid with a semicircular upper bottom, a triangular convex lower bottom and two straight waists; although the section of the steel wire of the second traditional representative structure can avoid the problem that the section of the steel wire is sunken inwards due to extrusion stress when the spring is rolled, the triangular convex part at the lower bottom is in discontinuous arc transition, so that stress concentration is easy to occur when the spring is stressed and deformed, and the spring is not beneficial to rolling. Therefore, the section of the special-shaped steel wire for rolling the light-load die spring is to be further optimized, the trapezoidal steel wire with the optimized section needs to meet the requirements of balanced stress in the rolling process and the section of the rolled spring is as close to a rectangle as possible, and the rolled spring can be ensured to have the maximum deformation energy.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the trapezoidal steel wire with the optimized section can be smoothly produced, can be easily rolled into a spring, is not easy to break and has less waste products, a matched preparation process needs to be designed. The traditional preparation process (taking the preparation process disclosed in CN100395482 as an example) comprises the process steps of prefabricating a die, blooming, lead quenching, secondary rolling, die drawing, quenching, tempering and the like. Before prefabricating the die, calculating arc radiuses corresponding to the upper bottom edge, the lower bottom edge and the waist of the section of the trapezoidal steel wire according to given parameters, further determining the section shape of the lower steel wire, and then prefabricating a rolling die and a die drawing die; the steel wire drawing die is formed in a die drawing mode, on one hand, the die drawing die is large in manufacturing difficulty, high in cost, long in period and poor in universality, on the other hand, the steel wire surface is very easy to scratch when the die is drawn, and the surface quality of the steel wire is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a special-shaped steel wire for rolling a light-load die spring, aiming at the defects in the prior art. The invention greatly improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped steel wire, avoids the surface scratch of the steel wire and improves the surface quality of the steel wire by optimizing the section of the special-shaped steel wire and improving the preparation process, has low cost and strong universality, and provides a spring steel wire material which is easy to roll, has high quality and less waste products for spring manufacturing enterprises which subsequently use the special-shaped steel wire to roll the light-load die spring.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
the section of the special-shaped steel wire for rolling the light-load die spring is an imitated trapezoidal section, two waists are two straight lines which are symmetrical about a central axis, the upper bottom edge is an arc line tangent to the two waists, the lower bottom edge is a straight line, and the lower bottom edge is connected with the corners of the two waists through transition arcs.
The ratio of the height of the trapezoid-like section to the length of the lower bottom edge is 1.2-2.6.
A process of the present invention for preparing the deformed steel wire according to claim 1 is carried out by the steps of:
(1) manufacturing a mould: according to the requirements of the size of the finished spring and the force value of the spring, the specific size corresponding to each parameter in the section of the special-shaped steel wire is determined, and a process rolling die and a finished product rolling die which are matched for use in the subsequent process are manufactured according to the determined section of the special-shaped steel wire.
(2) Selecting materials: selecting the corresponding circular steel wire blank according to the total deformation of 30-60% from the blank to the finished product.
(3) Rolling: carrying out process rolling on the round steel wire blank by using a universal mill to obtain a special-shaped steel wire semi-finished product, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 4-12 m/min; the hole pattern formed by four rollers of the rolling mill in the universal rolling mill is trapezoidal, the left roller and the right roller are circular rollers without angles, and the included angle between the upper roller and the lower roller is more than or equal to half of the included angle between two waists of the steel wire section and less than or equal to the included angle between two waists of the steel wire section.
(4) Rolling a finished product: rolling the semi-finished product of the special-shaped steel wire by using a two-roller mill to obtain a finished product of the special-shaped steel wire, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 4-12 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern formed by the rollers in the two-roller mill is consistent with the shape and the size of the finished product of the section of the special-shaped steel wire, and the upper roller and the lower roller are profile rollers.
(5) Quenching-tempering heat treatment: heating the finished special-shaped steel wire product to 870-910 ℃ at a heating speed of 20-40 ℃/s, and preserving heat for 20-25 s; then quenching to 30-50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 30-50 ℃/s; and then, heating the quenched special-shaped steel wire finished product to 460-500 ℃ at a heating speed of 15-20 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 40-60 s to obtain the special-shaped steel wire product.
The wire rod microstructure of the deformed steel wire product is tempered troostite with the orientation of fine needle-shaped martensite reserved, the tensile strength is 1400 MPa-1600 MPa, the grain size is more than or equal to 9 grades, and the martensite grade is 2 grades.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention optimizes the section of the special-shaped steel wire on one hand and improves the preparation process on the other hand, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped steel wire, simultaneously avoiding the surface scratch of the steel wire and improving the surface quality of the steel wire, having low cost and strong universality and providing a spring steel wire material with easy rolling, high quality and less waste products for spring manufacturing enterprises which subsequently use the special-shaped steel wire to roll the light-load die spring.
More specifically: on one hand, the cross section of the steel wire subjected to optimization treatment is reasonable in shape, so that the stress balance in the spring rolling process can be met, stress concentration points are reduced, the deformation allowance can be effectively controlled, the cross section of the steel wire is close to a rectangle after the spring is rolled, the spring is ensured to have larger deformation energy, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped steel wire is greatly improved; the cross section of the steel wire subjected to optimization treatment is simple and easy to realize, can be directly rolled and formed, saves a die drawing die which is difficult to manufacture and high in cost in the traditional die drawing forming, and is simple in process and low in cost; because the shape of the section of the steel wire is simple, the size of the section of the steel wire can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirement of the section of the spring, and only the relative position or angle between the corresponding rollers of the rolling mill needs to be adjusted, so that the operation is convenient and fast, the use is flexible, and the universality is high. On the other hand, the invention adopts the direct rolling forming process, avoids the defect that the surface of the steel wire is easy to scratch in the traditional die drawing forming process, and greatly improves the surface quality of the steel wire; the preparation process of the invention improves the heat treatment link, effectively refines the raw material structure through reasonable cold deformation, and further improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the deformed steel wire.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention greatly improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped steel wire, avoids the surface scratch of the steel wire and improves the surface quality of the steel wire by optimizing the section of the special-shaped steel wire and improving the preparation process, has low cost and strong universality, and provides a spring steel wire material which is easy to roll, has high quality and less waste products for spring manufacturing enterprises which subsequently use the special-shaped steel wire to roll the light-load die spring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional profile wire representative structure one.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional deformed steel wire representative structure two.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the deformed steel wire of the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows: A. the length of the lower bottom edge, the height of the C-shaped trapezoid-like section, the included angle of the B side and the two sides, the radius of the R1 arc line of the upper bottom edge, the radius of the R2 transition arc line, the L side and the central axis.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in connection with the following three embodiments and the accompanying drawings:
the cross section of the special-shaped steel wire for rolling the light-load die spring in the three embodiments of the invention is an imitation trapezoidal cross section, the two waists are two straight lines which are symmetrical about a central axis (L), the upper bottom edge is an arc line which is tangent to the two waists, the lower bottom edge is a straight line, and the lower bottom edge and the corners of the two waists are connected by transition arcs.
The ratio of the height (C) of the trapezoid-like section to the length (A) of the lower bottom edge is 1.2-2.6.
The special-shaped steel wires in the three embodiments of the invention are special-shaped steel wires with different specifications for manufacturing the light-load die spring, and are made of 55CrSi materials.
Example one
The process of the first embodiment is realized by the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a mould: according to the requirements of the size of the finished spring and the force value of the spring, determining the specific size corresponding to each parameter in the section of the special-shaped steel wire: namely, the length (A) of the lower bottom edge is 5.85 mm, the height (C) of the trapezoid-like section is 14.0 mm, the included angle (B) between the two waists is 6 degrees, the radius (R1) of the circular arc line of the upper bottom edge is 2.44 mm, the radius (R2) of the transition circular arc is 2.3 mm, and the section area of the steel wire is 70.3 mm 2; and manufacturing a process rolling die and a finished product rolling die which are matched and used in the subsequent working procedures according to the determined section of the special-shaped steel wire.
(2) Selecting materials: a round steel wire blank of 11.5 mm is selected with a total deformation of 32% from blank to finished product.
(3) Rolling: carrying out process rolling on the round steel wire blank by adopting a universal mill to obtain a special-shaped steel wire semi-finished product, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 5 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern that rolling mill four rolls in the universal mill formed is trapezoidal, and left and right rolls are the circular roll that does not take the angle, and the contained angle of upper and lower two rolls is 4.
(4) Rolling a finished product: rolling the semi-finished product of the special-shaped steel wire by a two-roller mill to obtain a finished product of the special-shaped steel wire, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 4 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern formed by the rollers in the two-roller mill is consistent with the shape and the size of the finished product of the section of the special-shaped steel wire, and the upper roller and the lower roller are profile rollers.
(5) Quenching-tempering heat treatment: heating the special-shaped steel wire finished product to 870 ℃ at the heating speed of 20 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 20 s; then, quenching to 30-40 ℃ at a cooling rate of 31 ℃/s; and then, heating the quenched special-shaped steel wire finished product to 460 ℃ at a heating speed of 16 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 43s to obtain the special-shaped steel wire product.
In the first embodiment, the microstructure of the wire rod of the deformed steel wire product is tempered troostite with fine needle-shaped martensite orientation retained, the tensile strength is 1502MPa, the grain size is 10 grades, and the martensite grade is 2 grades.
Example two
The process of example two is realized by the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a mould: according to the requirements of the size of the finished spring and the force value of the spring, determining the specific size corresponding to each parameter in the section of the special-shaped steel wire: namely, the length (A) of the lower bottom edge is 5.1 mm, the height (C) of the trapezoid-like section is 11.8 mm, the included angle (B) between the two waists is 8 degrees, the radius (R1) of the circular arc line of the upper bottom edge is 2.01 mm, the radius (R2) of the transition circular arc is 2.0 mm, and the section area of the steel wire is 50.5 mm 2; and manufacturing a process rolling die and a finished product rolling die which are matched and used in the subsequent working procedures according to the determined section of the special-shaped steel wire.
(2) Selecting materials: the round wire blank of phi 11.3 is selected according to the total deformation from blank to finished product of 50%.
(3) Rolling: carrying out process rolling on the round steel wire blank by adopting a universal mill to obtain a special-shaped steel wire semi-finished product, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 8 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern that rolling mill four rolls in the universal mill formed is trapezoidal, and left and right rolls are the circular roll that does not take the angle, and the contained angle of upper and lower two rolls is 4.
(4) Rolling a finished product: rolling the semi-finished product of the special-shaped steel wire by a two-roller mill to obtain a finished product of the special-shaped steel wire, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 6 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern formed by the rollers in the two-roller mill is consistent with the shape and the size of the finished product of the section of the special-shaped steel wire, and the upper roller and the lower roller are profile rollers;
(5) quenching-tempering heat treatment: heating the finished special-shaped steel wire product to 890 ℃ at the heating speed of 30 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 25 s; then, quenching to 35-45 ℃ at a cooling rate of 43 ℃/s; and then, heating the quenched deformed steel wire finished product to 480 ℃ at a heating speed of 17 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 50s to obtain a deformed steel wire product.
The wire rod microstructure of the deformed steel wire product in the second embodiment is tempered troostite with fine needle-shaped martensite orientation preserved, the tensile strength is 1579MPa, the grain size is 9 grades, and the martensite grade is 2 grades.
EXAMPLE III
The process of example three is achieved by the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a mould: according to the requirements of the size of the finished spring and the force value of the spring, determining the specific size corresponding to each parameter in the section of the special-shaped steel wire: namely, the length (A) of the lower bottom edge is 7.2 mm, the height (C) of the trapezoid-like section is 10.6 mm, the included angle (B) between the two waists is 10.0 degrees, the radius (R1) of the circular arc line of the upper bottom edge is 3.0 mm, the radius (R2) of the transition circular arc is 1.5 mm, and the section area of the steel wire is 60.49mm 2; and manufacturing a process rolling die and a finished product rolling die which are matched and used in the subsequent working procedures according to the determined section of the special-shaped steel wire.
(2) Selecting materials: the round wire blank of phi 13.5 is selected according to the total deformation of 58% from blank to finished product.
(3) Rolling: carrying out process rolling on the round steel wire blank by adopting a universal mill to obtain a special-shaped steel wire semi-finished product, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 12 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern that rolling mill four rolls in the universal mill formed is trapezoidal, and left and right rolls are the circular roll that does not take the angle, and the contained angle of upper and lower two rolls is 8.
(4) Rolling a finished product: rolling the semi-finished product of the special-shaped steel wire by a two-roller mill to obtain a finished product of the special-shaped steel wire, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 11 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern formed by the rollers in the two-roller mill is consistent with the shape and the size of the finished product of the section of the special-shaped steel wire, and the upper roller and the lower roller are profile rollers;
(5) quenching-tempering heat treatment: heating the finished special-shaped steel wire product to 910 ℃ at the heating speed of 40 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 23 s; then quenching to 40-50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 47 ℃/s; and then, heating the quenched special-shaped steel wire finished product to 500 ℃ at a heating speed of 19 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 58s to obtain the special-shaped steel wire product.
The microstructure of the wire rod of the deformed steel wire product in the third embodiment is tempered troostite with fine needle-shaped martensite orientation, the tensile strength is 1453MPa, the grain size is 10 grade, and the martensite grade is 2 grade. .
Claims (3)
1. A preparation process of a special-shaped steel wire for rolling a light-load die spring is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the process is realized by the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a mould: determining specific sizes corresponding to various parameters in the section of the special-shaped steel wire according to the size of the finished spring and the requirement of the spring force value, and manufacturing a process rolling die and a finished product rolling die which are matched for use in the subsequent process according to the determined section of the special-shaped steel wire; the section of the special-shaped steel wire is an imitated trapezoidal section, the two waists are two straight lines which are symmetrical about a central axis (L), the upper bottom edge is an arc line which is tangent to the two waists, the lower bottom edge is a straight line, and the lower bottom edge is connected with the corners of the two waists by transition arcs;
(2) selecting materials: selecting a corresponding circular steel wire blank according to the total deformation of 30-60% from the blank to a finished product;
(3) rolling: carrying out process rolling on the round steel wire blank by using a universal mill to obtain a special-shaped steel wire semi-finished product, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 4-12 m/min; the hole pattern formed by four rollers of the rolling mill in the universal rolling mill is trapezoidal, the left roller and the right roller are round rollers without angles, and the included angle between the upper roller and the lower roller is more than or equal to half of the included angle between two waists of the steel wire section and less than or equal to the included angle between two waists of the steel wire section;
(4) rolling a finished product: rolling the semi-finished product of the special-shaped steel wire by using a two-roller mill to obtain a finished product of the special-shaped steel wire, wherein the rolling temperature is normal temperature, and the running speed of the steel wire is 4-12 m/min; wherein, the hole pattern formed by the rollers in the two-roller mill is consistent with the shape and the size of the finished product of the section of the special-shaped steel wire, and the upper roller and the lower roller are profile rollers;
(5) quenching-tempering heat treatment: heating the finished special-shaped steel wire product to 870-910 ℃ at a heating speed of 20-40 ℃/s, and preserving heat for 20-25 s; then quenching to 30-50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 30-50 ℃/s; and then, heating the quenched special-shaped steel wire finished product to 460-500 ℃ at a heating speed of 15-20 ℃/s, and preserving the heat for 40-60 s to obtain the special-shaped steel wire product.
2. The process for preparing the deformed steel wire for rolling the light-load die spring according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the ratio range of the height (C) of the trapezoid-like section to the length (A) of the lower bottom edge is 1.2-2.6.
3. The process for preparing the deformed steel wire for rolling the light-load die spring according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the wire rod microstructure of the deformed steel wire product is a tempered troostite with a fine needle-shaped martensite orientation, the tensile strength is 1400-1600 MPa, the grain size is more than or equal to 9 grade, and the martensite grade is 2 grade.
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CN110802126A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-18 | 江阴法尔胜异型金属材料有限公司 | Method for processing special-shaped steel wire with trapezoidal section |
CN114570854A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | 宝钢金属有限公司 | Variable cross-section spring steel wire and manufacturing method and device thereof |
CN113862435B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2023-05-05 | 中钢集团郑州金属制品研究院股份有限公司 | Preparation process suitable for high-strength special-shaped spring steel wire |
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JP2001347301A (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-18 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | Double taper spring steel wire having cross section with specific shape and its manufacturing method |
CN100395482C (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2008-06-18 | 上海三联金属制品有限公司 | High-performance profiled steel wire material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN201439808U (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2010-04-21 | 刘清良 | Special shaped-oval cross-section spring for damper |
CN201706176U (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-01-12 | 内蒙古一机集团路通弹簧有限公司 | Sectional bar for rolling rectangular torsional springs with large sections |
CN102537161A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-04 | 杭州弹簧有限公司 | Wire rod wound into spring |
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