CN109601552B - Conveniently-treated aluminum phosphide fumigant and package - Google Patents
Conveniently-treated aluminum phosphide fumigant and package Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601552B CN109601552B CN201811532920.2A CN201811532920A CN109601552B CN 109601552 B CN109601552 B CN 109601552B CN 201811532920 A CN201811532920 A CN 201811532920A CN 109601552 B CN109601552 B CN 109601552B
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- aluminum phosphide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
- B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
- B65D77/06—Liquids or semi-liquids or other materials or articles enclosed in flexible containers disposed within rigid containers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum phosphide fumigant convenient to dispose, which comprises 56% of aluminum phosphide raw powder, 35% -40% of ammonium carbamate and 4% -9% of inert filler; the proportion of aluminum phosphide and ammonium carbamate in the aluminum phosphide fumigant is adjusted while paraffin and magnesium stearate in the aluminum phosphide fumigant convenient to treat are removed, the reaction speed of the aluminum phosphide is slowed down by improving the proportion of the ammonium carbamate, the safety and the drug effect of the aluminum phosphide fumigant are ensured, the aluminum phosphide in residues is enabled to react completely, and the residue treatment rate is high; the invention also discloses an aluminum phosphide package convenient to handle, which comprises a sealed tank, an aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water and the aluminum phosphide fumigant, wherein the aluminum phosphide packaging bag is positioned in the sealed tank, and the aluminum phosphide fumigant is arranged in the packaging bag; does not need manual tearing during the treatment of the aluminum phosphide residue, and solves the problems of safety and dust pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fumigants, in particular to an aluminum phosphide fumigant convenient to dispose and a package.
Background
The method for preventing and treating storage insect pests by using toxic gas such as fumigant is widely applied to insect prevention treatment in places such as grains, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, tobacco, fur, agricultural and sideline products, books, files, import and export quarantine treatment and the like. Aluminum phosphide is the most common fumigant for the storage to prevent insects, especially in the food and tobacco industries, because of high insecticidal efficiency, economy and convenience. The preparation process of the fumigant aluminum phosphide which is the only fumigant allowed to be used internationally at present is a hot spot researched in recent years.
The existing industry commonly uses tablets with 56 percent of aluminum phosphide content, which can be known according to the aluminum phosphide production standard,the aluminum phosphide tablet contains 56% of aluminum phosphide, 22% -32% of ammonium carbamate, 2.0% -4.5% of paraffin, 0.5% -3.0% of magnesium stearate and 4.5% -19.5% of inert filler as the rest. The pure aluminum phosphide powder can immediately undergo hydrolysis reaction when meeting the water in the air to generate highly toxic PH3Gas and small amount of combustible P2H4Gas, P2H4The gas spontaneously ignites when meeting air at room temperature; other additive components in the aluminum phosphide tablet can play a role in wrapping pure aluminum phosphide powder; specifically, ammonium carbamate generates ammonium and carbon dioxide gas after deliquescence, and the ammonium carbamate can play a role in assisting in insect killing and preventing spontaneous combustion of phosphine. Paraffin and magnesium stearate have binding, disintegrating and lubricating effects. The aluminium phosphide tablet contains 56% or more of aluminium phosphide, the aluminium phosphide absorbs the water vapour in the air and is gradually decomposed to produce phosphine, the one with insecticidal action is phosphine, and when the aluminium phosphide tablet is made, ammonium carbamate and other auxiliary substances are generally added.
The aluminum phosphide tablet is widely used in the market, but with the attention of people on environmental protection, the fumigant exposes a plurality of problems, in practical application, aluminum phosphide reacts with moisture in the air to generate hydrogen phosphide and aluminum hydroxide, and because the aluminum phosphide residue contains unreacted aluminum phosphide, which belongs to dangerous waste and needs to be collected and intensively treated.
In order to solve the above technical problems, first, our company proposed to replace commercially available aluminum phosphide with an aluminum phosphide powder agent to which no paraffin wax or magnesium stearate was added. However, the reaction of pure aluminum phosphide powder is too fast, which causes excessive local phosphine, is easy to explode and does not meet the safety requirements of fumigation, so that the aluminum phosphide powder agent which is not added with paraffin and magnesium stearate, slows down the reaction speed of aluminum phosphide and ensures the safety and efficacy of the aluminum phosphide powder agent is in the forefront;
secondly, in actual fumigation process, directly put in aluminium phosphide in the space by custom, this leads to when collecting the aluminium phosphide residue, produces the raise dust easily, pollutes the surrounding environment, endangers health, has adopted the aluminium phosphide of packing such as non-woven fabrics and dupont paper to sell on the market at present, and when nevertheless carrying out the water wet process preliminary treatment to this type of aluminium phosphide residue, these packing need artifically tear, has increased work load and has still produced dust pollution easily.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the conveniently-treated aluminum phosphide fumigant, the proportion of aluminum phosphide and ammonium carbamate in the aluminum phosphide fumigant is adjusted while paraffin and magnesium stearate are removed in the formula of the conveniently-treated aluminum phosphide fumigant, the reaction speed of aluminum phosphide is slowed down by improving the proportion of ammonium carbamate, the safety and the drug effect of the aluminum phosphide fumigant are ensured, aluminum phosphide in residues is enabled to react completely, and the residue treatment rate is high;
the invention also provides an aluminum phosphide package convenient to dispose, which comprises a water-soluble package bag, solves the problems of safety and dust pollution during aluminum phosphide fumigation, does not need manual tearing during aluminum phosphide residue treatment, and solves the problem of dust pollution during residue treatment.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
one of the purposes of the invention is to provide an aluminum phosphide fumigant convenient to dispose, which comprises the following raw material components: 56 percent of aluminum phosphide raw powder, 35 to 40 percent of ammonium carbamate and 4 to 9 percent of inert filler, wherein the percentages are the weight percentage of each component in the total raw materials.
The invention also aims to provide an aluminum phosphide package convenient to treat, which comprises a sealed tank, an aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water and the aluminum phosphide fumigant, wherein the aluminum phosphide packaging bag is positioned in the sealed tank, and the aluminum phosphide fumigant is placed in the aluminum phosphide packaging bag.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the conveniently-disposed aluminum phosphide fumigant, the ratio of aluminum phosphide and ammonium carbamate in the aluminum phosphide fumigant is adjusted while paraffin and magnesium stearate are removed, the reaction speed of aluminum phosphide is slowed down by increasing the ratio of ammonium carbamate, and the safety and the drug effect of the aluminum phosphide fumigant are guaranteed; the fumigating effect is good, the insects in the space can be completely killed, and the insecticidal rate is 100%;
2. the conveniently-disposed aluminum phosphide fumigant provided by the invention has the advantages that the pesticide effect is not influenced, the content of aluminum phosphide in residues is low, the treatment rate of the residues is high, the residues can be completely reacted by adding the residues into water, and the treatment rate of the residues can reach 100% in 3-4 minutes;
3. the conveniently-disposed aluminum phosphide package provided by the invention adopts the water-soluble aluminum phosphide package bag, solves the problems of aluminum phosphide residue and dust pollution during aluminum phosphide residue treatment, does not need manual tearing during residue treatment, and is simpler, more convenient and safer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of phosphine concentration change for a conveniently handled aluminum phosphide package provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of treating residues of aluminum phosphide packages provided by the invention and convenient to dispose.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. An aluminum phosphide fumigant convenient to dispose, which comprises, per 100 parts of medicament, 56 parts of aluminum phosphide raw powder, 35 parts of ammonium carbamate and 9 parts of inert filler.
2. An aluminum phosphide package convenient for disposal comprises a sealed tank, an aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water and the aluminum phosphide fumigant;
the sealing tank is made of aluminum or flame-retardant plastic, has good sealing performance and can isolate air;
the aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water is positioned in the sealing tank and comprises water-soluble non-woven fabric;
preferably, the water-soluble non-woven fabric is surrounded by a layer of kraft paper, and the kraft paper forms an outer frame when sealed, so that the toughness of the packaging bag is increased. The kraft paper and the non-woven fabric can be combined by silk thread sewing, glue bonding or laser sealing (the glue used in glue bonding is water-based glue spraying special for the non-woven fabric;
specifically, the water-soluble temperature of the water-soluble non-woven fabric is 30 ℃, so that the water-soluble non-woven fabric is prevented from being dissolved due to rain leakage during fumigation, and heating energy consumption can be easily reduced during treatment; the water-soluble non-woven fabric takes water-soluble PVA fiber as a main raw material, can be dissolved in hot water at corresponding temperature, and belongs to an energy-saving and environment-friendly product. At present, the fabric is mainly applied to the embroidery lace industry, is used as embroidery base fabric, and adopts 'prosperous' brand water-soluble non-woven fabric;
the aluminum phosphide fumigant is placed in the aluminum phosphide packaging bag. 1.5kg of aluminum phosphide can be placed in each sealed tank, and 5g of aluminum phosphide fumigant is contained in each small aluminum phosphide packaging bag.
Example 2
1. The aluminum phosphide fumigant is prepared from (by weight parts) aluminum phosphide raw powder 56, ammonium carbamate 38 and inert filler 6 per 100 parts of fumigant.
2. An aluminum phosphide package convenient for disposal comprises a sealed tank, an aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water and the aluminum phosphide fumigant;
the sealing tank is made of aluminum or flame-retardant plastic, has good sealing performance and can isolate air;
the aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water is positioned in the sealing tank and comprises water-soluble non-woven fabric;
preferably, the water-soluble non-woven fabric is surrounded by a layer of kraft paper, and the kraft paper forms an outer frame when sealed, so that the toughness of the packaging bag is increased. The kraft paper and the non-woven fabric can be combined by silk thread sewing, glue bonding or laser sealing (the glue used in glue bonding is water-based glue spraying special for the non-woven fabric;
specifically, the water-soluble temperature of the water-soluble non-woven fabric is 30 ℃, so that the water-soluble non-woven fabric is prevented from being dissolved due to rain leakage during fumigation, and heating energy consumption can be easily reduced during treatment; the water-soluble non-woven fabric takes water-soluble PVA fiber as a main raw material, can be dissolved in hot water at corresponding temperature, and belongs to an energy-saving and environment-friendly product. At present, the fabric is mainly applied to the embroidery lace industry, is used as embroidery base fabric, and adopts 'prosperous' brand water-soluble non-woven fabric;
the aluminum phosphide fumigant is placed in the aluminum phosphide packaging bag. 1.5kg of aluminum phosphide can be placed in each sealed tank, and 5g of aluminum phosphide fumigant is contained in each small aluminum phosphide packaging bag.
Example 3
1. The aluminum phosphide fumigant is prepared from (by weight parts) aluminum phosphide raw powder 56, ammonium carbamate 40 and inert filler 4 per 100 parts of fumigant.
2. An aluminum phosphide package convenient for disposal comprises a sealed tank, an aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water and the aluminum phosphide fumigant;
the sealing tank is made of aluminum or flame-retardant plastic, has good sealing performance and can isolate air;
the aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water is positioned in the sealing tank and comprises water-soluble non-woven fabric;
preferably, the water-soluble non-woven fabric is surrounded by a layer of kraft paper, and the kraft paper forms an outer frame when sealed, so that the toughness of the packaging bag is increased. The kraft paper and the non-woven fabric can be combined by silk thread sewing, glue bonding or laser sealing (the glue used in glue bonding is water-based glue spraying special for the non-woven fabric;
specifically, the water-soluble temperature of the water-soluble non-woven fabric is 30 ℃, so that the water-soluble non-woven fabric is prevented from being dissolved due to rain leakage during fumigation, and heating energy consumption can be easily reduced during treatment; the water-soluble non-woven fabric takes water-soluble PVA fiber as a main raw material, can be dissolved in hot water at corresponding temperature, and belongs to an energy-saving and environment-friendly product. At present, the fabric is mainly applied to the embroidery lace industry, is used as embroidery base fabric, and adopts 'prosperous' brand water-soluble non-woven fabric;
the aluminum phosphide fumigant is placed in the aluminum phosphide packaging bag. 1.5kg of aluminum phosphide can be placed in each sealed tank, and 5g of aluminum phosphide fumigant is contained in each small aluminum phosphide packaging bag.
In the above examples 1-3, the kraft paper was made of white backed single silicon release paper, paper-plastic packaging material of newcastle, eastern guan; the glue is a HY-101 cloth glue of a unified glue brand.
The above examples 1 to 3 are summarized as follows, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Experimental example 1 it was verified that the fumigant of aluminum phosphide of the present examples 1-3 can slow down the reaction rate of aluminum phosphide
1. 4 sealed containers with the same size are taken, and the volume of the sealed container is 1m in the experiment3The 4 sealed plastic boxes are respectively used for placing a part of insect samples with the same quantity and size;
2. 5g of each of the above-mentioned agents of examples 1 to 3 and 56% of the tablets (as comparative examples) were put into the 4 sealed plastic boxes, and the phosphine concentration was measured twice in the morning and afternoon every day using a phosphine measuring tube;
3. the change curve diagram of the phosphine concentration is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the slopes of the change curves of the phosphine concentrations of the aluminum phosphide fumigant and the 56% tablet in the examples 1-3 are basically parallel, which shows that the rates of the phosphine generation of the aluminum phosphide fumigant and the 56% tablet in the examples 1-3 are the same, so that the reaction speed of the pure aluminum phosphide is obviously slowed down (the reaction of the pure aluminum phosphide powder is too fast, which causes the over-standard local phosphine, which is easy to explode and does not meet the safety requirements of fumigation), and the safety of the aluminum phosphide fumigant is ensured. According to the conveniently-disposed aluminum phosphide fumigant provided by the invention, paraffin and magnesium stearate are removed, the ratio of aluminum phosphide to ammonium carbamate in the aluminum phosphide fumigant is adjusted, the reaction speed of aluminum phosphide is really slowed down by increasing the ratio of ammonium carbamate, and the safety of the aluminum phosphide fumigant is ensured.
Experimental example 2 insecticidal Effect test of conveniently handled aluminum phosphide package
1. 4 sealed containers with the same size are taken, and the volume of the sealed container is 1m in the experiment3The 4 sealed plastic boxes are respectively used for placing a part of insect samples with the same quantity and size;
2. 5g of each of the agents of examples 1 to 3 and 56% of the tablets (as comparative examples) were put into the 4 sealed plastic boxes, respectively, and fumigated.
3. After a period of time, detecting the insect sample after the fumigation is finished, counting the insecticidal effect, as shown in table 2, detecting the insecticidal effect of the insect sample after the fumigation, and killing all the larvae and adults in the insect sample, which shows that the pesticide effect is not influenced. The fumigating effect is good, the insects in the space can be completely killed, and the insecticidal rate is 100%.
TABLE 2
Experimental example 3 detection of treatment efficiency of residue of conveniently disposed aluminum phosphide package
In the above experimental example 1, the aluminum phosphide residues fumigated with the agents of examples 1 to 3 were added to the same amount of water, and the concentration of phosphine in the treatment vessel was measured every 10 minutes, and after no phosphine was generated, a quantitative sulfuric acid solution was added to bring the PH of the residue mixture to 6, and the concentration of phosphine in the treatment vessel was measured. Wherein Table 3 shows the results of the treatment rates of the residues of the aluminum phosphide fumigants of examples 1-3, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the phosphine concentration at the time of treatment of the aluminum phosphide residues.
TABLE 3 determination of phosphine concentration (ppm) in the treatment of aluminum phosphide residue
As can be seen from fig. 2 and table 3, 56% of the tablet residue did not react completely in water, and further addition of sulfuric acid also produced phosphine gas. The reagents of examples 1-3 were allowed to react completely by adding the residue to water in 3-4 minutes. Experiments show that the residue treatment rate of the conveniently-disposed aluminum phosphide packaging tablet provided by the invention is obviously higher than that of a 56% tablet in the prior art.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The aluminum phosphide packaging bag convenient to dispose is characterized by comprising a sealed tank, an aluminum phosphide packaging bag dissolved in water and an aluminum phosphide fumigant, wherein the aluminum phosphide packaging bag is positioned in the sealed tank, the aluminum phosphide fumigant is arranged in the aluminum phosphide packaging bag, and the aluminum phosphide packaging bag comprises a water-soluble non-woven fabric for containing the aluminum phosphide fumigant; the aluminum phosphide fumigant raw material preparation comprises the following components: 56 percent of aluminum phosphide raw powder, 35 to 40 percent of ammonium carbamate and 4 to 9 percent of inert filler, wherein the percentages are the weight percentage of each component in the total raw materials.
2. The disposable aluminum phosphide package of claim 1, wherein the sealed can is a sealed can body made of aluminum or a flame retardant plastic.
3. The disposable aluminum phosphide packaging bag of claim 1, wherein the aluminum phosphide packaging bag further comprises kraft paper, the kraft paper is wound around the outer frame of the water-soluble nonwoven fabric, and the kraft paper and the water-soluble nonwoven fabric are sewn by silk threads or bonded by glue or sealed by laser.
4. The disposable aluminum phosphate package of claim 3, wherein the glue used for bonding is a water-based spray glue specific to non-woven fabrics.
5. The disposable aluminum phosphide package of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble nonwoven fabric has a water-soluble temperature of 30 ℃.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2826527A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1958-03-11 | Degussa | Stabilized phosphide pesticide composition |
| CN87210222U (en) * | 1987-07-11 | 1988-04-27 | 浙江省平阳县工艺包装厂 | Paper/adhesive bonded cloth/paper compound packing sack |
| CN2341410Y (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 1999-10-06 | 李玮 | Aluminium phosphide packed by non-woven cloth bag |
| CN201372046Y (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2009-12-30 | 王永昌 | Aluminum-plastic compound packaging bag for aluminum phosphide paper |
| CN201566940U (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-09-01 | 龙口市化工厂 | Novel aluminium phosphide package |
| CN105767002A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-07-20 | 济宁市海洋农化厂 | Aluminum phosphide rat repellent, preparation method, packaging structure and dosing device convenient for residue recovery |
| CN108522539A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-14 | 武汉东昌仓贮技术有限公司 | A kind of aluminum phosphide fumigation agent facilitating disposition |
-
2018
- 2018-12-14 CN CN201811532920.2A patent/CN109601552B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2826527A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1958-03-11 | Degussa | Stabilized phosphide pesticide composition |
| CN87210222U (en) * | 1987-07-11 | 1988-04-27 | 浙江省平阳县工艺包装厂 | Paper/adhesive bonded cloth/paper compound packing sack |
| CN2341410Y (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 1999-10-06 | 李玮 | Aluminium phosphide packed by non-woven cloth bag |
| CN201372046Y (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2009-12-30 | 王永昌 | Aluminum-plastic compound packaging bag for aluminum phosphide paper |
| CN201566940U (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-09-01 | 龙口市化工厂 | Novel aluminium phosphide package |
| CN105767002A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-07-20 | 济宁市海洋农化厂 | Aluminum phosphide rat repellent, preparation method, packaging structure and dosing device convenient for residue recovery |
| CN108522539A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-14 | 武汉东昌仓贮技术有限公司 | A kind of aluminum phosphide fumigation agent facilitating disposition |
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| Title |
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