CN109599279B - Control device of circuit breaker - Google Patents
Control device of circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN109599279B CN109599279B CN201811634347.6A CN201811634347A CN109599279B CN 109599279 B CN109599279 B CN 109599279B CN 201811634347 A CN201811634347 A CN 201811634347A CN 109599279 B CN109599279 B CN 109599279B
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- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control device of a circuit breaker, which is used for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker; the switching-on/switching-off device comprises a switching-on switch module, a switching-off switch module, a switching-on coil control module and a switching-off coil control module; the input end of the switching-on switch module and the input end of the switching-off switch module are connected with a direct current positive power supply or an alternating current live wire in common, the output end of the switching-on switch module and the output end of the switching-off switch module are connected with a direct current negative power supply or an alternating current ground wire in common, the switching-on coil control module is connected with a switching-on coil of the circuit breaker, and the switching-off coil control module is connected with a switching-off coil of the circuit breaker; when the switching-on switch module is switched on, the switching-on coil control module is controlled to be switched on, so that a switching-on coil of the circuit breaker is powered on, and the circuit breaker is switched on; when the opening switch module is conducted, the opening coil control module is controlled to conduct, so that the opening coil of the circuit breaker is electrified, and the circuit breaker is opened. The invention can control the switching-on and switching-off of the breaker, avoids directly controlling the switch of the breaker during maintenance and ensures the safety of staff.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circuit design, in particular to a control device of a circuit breaker.
Background
With the development of urban process, due to the scarcity of land, high-rise houses are increased, most distribution rooms are built on underground negative first floors or negative second floors, particularly in the flood season of spring, summer and autumn each year, the conditions of humidity and unsmooth ventilation exist, the humidity reaches more than 65%, the insulation of part of primary electric equipment is reduced after long-time operation, single-phase grounding and inter-phase short-circuit faults possibly occur due to the reduction of the insulation of the high-voltage primary electric equipment, and potential safety hazards exist when a breaker is directly operated to switch on and off in the process of line maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a control device of a circuit breaker, which aims to solve the problem of unsafe control of the circuit breaker in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control device of a circuit breaker, which is used for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker; the control device comprises a closing switch module, a separating switch module, a closing coil control module and a separating coil control module;
the input end of the switching-on switch module and the input end of the switching-off switch module are connected with a direct current positive power supply or an alternating current live wire in a sharing way, the output end of the switching-on switch module and the output end of the switching-off switch module are connected with a direct current negative power supply or an alternating current ground wire in a sharing way, the switching-on coil control module is connected with a switching-on coil of the circuit breaker, and the switching-off coil control module is connected with a switching-off coil of the circuit breaker;
when the switching-on switch module is switched on, the switching-on coil control module is controlled to be switched on, so that a switching-on coil of the circuit breaker is electrified, and the circuit breaker is switched on; when the breaking switch module is conducted, the breaking coil control module is controlled to conduct, so that the breaking coil of the circuit breaker is powered on, and the circuit breaker breaks the brake.
In one embodiment, the closing switch module includes a closing switch unit, a closing control unit, and a first protection unit;
the input end of the first protection unit is the input end of the closing switch module, the output end of the first protection unit is connected with the input end of the closing switch unit, the output end of the closing switch unit is connected with the input end of the closing control unit, and the output end of the closing control unit is the output end of the closing switch module;
the switching-on switch unit is conducted, and the switching-on control unit is electrified.
In one embodiment, the closing switch unit includes a closing switch;
the first end of the closing switch is the input end of the closing switch unit, and the second end of the closing switch is the output end of the closing switch unit.
In one embodiment, the closing control unit includes a first intermediate relay coil and a first time relay coil;
the input end of the first intermediate relay coil is connected with the input end of the first time relay coil to form the input end of the closing control unit, and the output end of the first intermediate relay coil is connected with the output end of the first time relay coil to form the output end of the closing control unit.
In one embodiment, the closing coil control module includes a first normally open contact of a first intermediate relay, a normally closed contact of a first time relay, and a first protector;
the input end of the first protector is the input end of the closing coil control module, the output end of the first protector is connected with the first end of the first normally open contact of the first intermediate relay, the second end of the first normally open contact of the first intermediate relay is connected with the first end of the normally closed contact of the first time relay, and the second end of the normally closed contact of the first time relay is the output end of the closing coil control module.
In one embodiment, the opening and closing switch module comprises an opening and closing switch unit, an opening and closing control unit and a second protection unit;
the input end of the second protection unit is the input end of the opening and closing switch module, the output end of the second protection unit is connected with the input end of the opening and closing switch unit, the output end of the opening and closing switch unit is connected with the input end of the opening and closing control unit, and the output end of the opening and closing control unit is the output end of the opening and closing switch module;
the opening switch unit is conducted, and the opening control unit is electrified.
In one embodiment, the opening switch unit includes an opening switch;
the first end of the opening switch is the input end of the opening switch unit, and the second end of the opening switch is the output end of the opening switch unit.
In one embodiment, the opening and closing switch unit further comprises a second normally open contact of the first intermediate relay;
the first end of the second normally open contact of the first intermediate relay is the input end of the opening switch unit, and the second end of the second normally open contact of the first intermediate relay is connected with the first end of the opening switch.
In one embodiment, the switching-off control unit includes a second intermediate relay coil and a second time relay coil;
the input end of the second intermediate relay coil is connected with the input end of the second time relay coil to form the input end of the opening control unit, and the output end of the second intermediate relay coil is connected with the output end of the second time relay coil to form the output end of the opening control unit.
In one embodiment, the split-gate coil control module includes a normally open contact of a second intermediate relay, a normally closed contact of a second time relay, and a second protector;
the input end of the second protector is the input end of the brake-separating coil control module, the output end of the second protector is connected with the first end of the normally open contact of the second intermediate relay, the second end of the normally open contact of the second intermediate relay is connected with the first end of the normally closed contact of the second time relay, and the second end of the normally closed contact of the second time relay is the output end of the brake-separating coil control module.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the switching-on and switching-off of the switching-on coil control module and the switching-off coil control module are controlled through the switching-on switch module and the switching-off switch module, so that the switching-on coil and the switching-off coil of the circuit breaker are powered on, the switching-on and switching-off of the circuit breaker are controlled, the direct control of the switching-on and switching-off of the circuit breaker during maintenance is avoided, and the safety of staff is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the closing switch module and the opening switch module in fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution in the present solution embodiment will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present solution embodiment, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is an embodiment of a part of the present solution, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments in this solution, which a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without inventive faculty, shall fall within the scope of protection of this solution.
The term "comprising" in the description of the present solution and the claims and in the above figures, as well as any other variants, means "including but not limited to", intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second," etc. are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular sequential order.
The implementation of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the specific drawings:
fig. 1 shows a control device for a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of explanation, only the portions related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown in detail as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a control device of a circuit breaker provided by an embodiment of the present invention is used for controlling opening and closing of the circuit breaker; the control device 1 includes a closing switch module 110, a separating switch module 120, a closing coil control module 130, and a separating coil control module 140.
The input end of the closing switch module 110 and the input end of the opening switch module 120 are connected with a direct current positive power supply or an alternating current live wire, the output end of the closing switch module 110 and the output end of the opening switch module 120 are connected with a direct current negative power supply or an alternating current ground wire, the closing coil control module 130 is connected with a closing coil of the circuit breaker, and the opening coil control module 140 is connected with an opening coil of the circuit breaker.
When the switch-on switch module 110 is turned on, the switch-on coil control module 130 is controlled to be turned on, so that the switch-on coil of the circuit breaker is powered on, and the circuit breaker is switched on; when the opening switch module 120 is turned on, the opening coil control module 140 is controlled to be turned on, so that the opening coil of the circuit breaker is powered on, and the circuit breaker is opened.
In this embodiment, two ends of the closing coil control module 130 are connected to a positive power supply and a negative coil, respectively.
In this embodiment, two ends of the switching-off coil control module 140 are respectively connected to a positive power supply and a negative coil.
In practical application, the switch module 110 is connected in parallel with a switch-on button of the circuit breaker, and the switch module 120 is connected in parallel with a switch-off button of the circuit breaker; the closing switch module 110 and the opening switch module 120 replace a closing button and an opening button of the circuit breaker, respectively.
Connecting the closing coil control module 130 in series with the closing coil of the circuit breaker; the breaking coil control module 140 is connected in series with the breaking coil of the circuit breaker.
In the embodiment of the invention, the on and off of the switching-on coil control module 130 and the switching-off coil control module 140 are controlled through the switching-on switch module 110 and the switching-off switch module 120, so that the switching-on coil and the switching-off coil of the circuit breaker are powered on, the switching-on and the switching-off of the circuit breaker are controlled, the direct control of the switching-on and the switching-off of the circuit breaker during maintenance is avoided, and the safety of staff is ensured. A device for avoiding the damage to human body caused by arc light generated by short circuit or grounding faults of primary equipment such as a breaker, a current transformer, a lightning arrester, a cable head and the like. The device can also avoid overlong power failure time caused by the fault of the opening and closing button of the circuit breaker, and can replace the opening and closing button of the circuit breaker.
In one embodiment of the invention, the supply voltage of both the alternating current and the direct current may be 12V-220V.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, the closing coil control module 130 includes a first normally open contact ZJ1-1 of a first intermediate relay, a normally closed contact SJ1-1 of a first time relay, and a first protector FU3;
the input end of the first protector FU3 is the input end of the closing coil control module 130, the output end of the first protector FU3 is connected to the first end of the first normally open contact ZJ1-1 of the first intermediate relay, the second end of the first normally open contact ZJ1-1 of the first intermediate relay is connected to the first end of the normally closed contact SJ1-1 of the first time relay, and the second end of the normally closed contact SJ1-1 of the first time relay is the output end of the closing coil control module 130.
In practical application, the closing switch K1 is closed, the first intermediate relay coil ZJ1 and the first time relay coil SJ1 are powered on, the first normally open contact ZJ1-1 of the first intermediate relay is closed, the closing coil of the circuit breaker is powered on, the circuit breaker is closed, after a preset time period, the normally closed contact SJ1-1 of the first time relay is opened, and the closing coil of the circuit breaker is powered off.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first protector FU3 may be a fuse or the like.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the closing switch module 110 includes a closing switch unit 112, a closing control unit 113, and a first protection unit 111.
The input end of the first protection unit 111 is the input end of the switch-on switch module 110, the output end of the first protection unit 111 is connected with the input end of the switch-on switch unit 112, the output end of the switch-on switch unit 112 is connected with the input end of the switch-on control unit 113, and the output end of the switch-on control unit 113 is the output end of the switch-on switch module 110.
The closing switch unit 112 is turned on, and the closing control unit 113 is powered on.
In the present embodiment, the on/off of the closing switch unit 112 controls the power on/off of the closing control switch unit.
In this embodiment, the first protection unit 111 prevents the circuit from burning out due to overvoltage caused by overcurrent. When the circuit voltage or current is excessively large, the first protection unit 111 is turned off, and protects the closing switch unit 112 and the closing control unit 113.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, the split coil control module 140 includes a normally open contact ZJ2-1 of the second intermediate relay, a normally closed contact SJ2-1 of the second time relay, and a second protector FU4.
The input end of the second protector FU4 is the input end of the switching-off coil control module 140, the output end of the second protector FU4 is connected to the first end of the normally open contact ZJ2-1 of the second intermediate relay, the second end of the normally open contact ZJ2-1 of the second intermediate relay is connected to the first end of the normally closed contact SJ2-1 of the second time relay, and the second end of the normally closed contact SJ2-1 of the second time relay is the output end of the switching-off coil control module 140.
In the present embodiment, the second protector FU4 may be a fuse or the like.
In practical application, when the circuit breaker is in a closing state, the circuit breaker is subjected to opening operation, the second normally open contact ZJ1-2 of the first intermediate relay is in a closing state, the opening switch is closed, the second intermediate relay coil ZJ2 and the second time relay coil SJ2 are powered on, the normally open contact ZJ2-1 of the second intermediate relay is closed, the circuit breaker opening coil is powered on, the circuit breaker opening operation is performed, the normally closed contact SJ2-1 of the second time relay is opened after a preset time period, and the circuit breaker opening coil is powered off.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first protection unit 111 may be a fuse FU1 or a fuse or the like.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the closing switch unit 112 includes a closing switch K1.
The first end of the switch K1 is an input end of the switch unit 112, and the second end of the switch K1 is an output end of the switch unit 112.
In this embodiment, the closing switch K1 may be a manual switch.
In a specific application, the closing switch K1 is connected in parallel with a closing button of the circuit breaker to replace the closing button of the circuit breaker.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the closing control unit 113 includes a first intermediate relay coil ZJ1 and a first time relay coil SJ1.
The input end of the first intermediate relay coil ZJ1 is commonly connected with the input end of the first time relay coil SJ1 to form the input end of the closing control unit 113, and the output end of the first intermediate relay coil ZJ1 is commonly connected with the output end of the first time relay coil SJ1 to form the output end of the closing control unit 113.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the opening switch module 120 includes an opening switch unit 122, an opening control unit 123, and a second protection unit 121.
The input end of the second protection unit 121 is the input end of the opening and closing switch module 120, the output end of the second protection unit 121 is connected with the input end of the opening and closing switch unit 122, the output end of the opening switch unit 122 is connected to the input end of the opening control unit 123, and the output end of the opening control unit 123 is the output end of the opening switch module 120.
The opening switch unit 122 is turned on, and the opening control unit 123 is powered.
In this embodiment, the opening switch unit 122 is turned on or off, and controls the opening control unit 123 to power on or power off.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the second protection unit 121 may be a fuse FU2 or a fuse.
In this embodiment, the second protection unit 121 is used to protect the opening switch unit 122 and the opening control unit 123 when overcurrent or overvoltage occurs in the circuit, and the second protection unit 121 is turned off.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first protection unit 111 may be replaced by a protection module, where an input end of the protection module is connected to the positive power supply, and an output end of the protection module is connected to the opening switch unit 122 and the closing switch unit 112, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the opening switch unit 122 includes an opening switch K2.
The first end of the opening switch K2 is an input end of the opening switch unit 122, and the second end of the opening switch K2 is an output end of the opening switch unit 122.
In this embodiment, the brake-separating switch K2 may be a manual switch.
In a specific application, the breaking switch K2 is connected in parallel with a breaking button of the circuit breaker to replace the breaking button of the circuit breaker.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the breaking switch unit 122 further includes a second normally open contact ZJ1-2 of the first intermediate relay.
The first end of the second normally open contact ZJ1-2 of the first intermediate relay is an input end of the opening switch unit 122, and the second end of the second normally open contact ZJ1-2 of the first intermediate relay is connected to the first end of the opening switch.
In the present embodiment, the second normally open contact ZJ1-2 of the first intermediate relay is provided in the opening switch unit 122 to protect against mistakes in opening and closing the opening switch.
In practical application, when the breaker is operated to open, it is necessary to ensure that the breaker is closed, and the second normally open contact ZJ1-2 of the first intermediate relay is provided, if the breaker is not operated to close, the opening operation is directly performed, the opening switch unit 122 is not turned on, and it is necessary to perform the opening operation after the closing operation.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the opening control unit 123 includes a second intermediate relay coil ZJ2 and a second time relay coil SJ2.
The input end of the second intermediate relay coil ZJ2 is commonly connected with the input end of the second time relay coil SJ2 to form the input end of the opening control unit 123, and the output end of the second intermediate relay coil SJ2 is commonly connected with the output end of the second time relay coil SJ2 to form the output end of the opening control unit 123.
In one embodiment of the invention, the voltage and current of the fuse may be 220v,5a. The voltage and current range of the intermediate relay may be 220v,5a. The voltage and current range of the time relay may be 220v,5a.
In one embodiment of the invention, the preset time period of the time relay may be 0.1 seconds, 0.5 seconds, etc. The time relay includes a first time relay and a second time relay.
It should be noted that the ports or pins with the same reference numerals in the specification and the drawings of the present invention are connected.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The control device of the circuit breaker is characterized by being used for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker; the control device comprises a closing switch module, a separating switch module, a closing coil control module and a separating coil control module;
the input end of the switching-on switch module and the input end of the switching-off switch module are connected with a direct current positive power supply or an alternating current live wire in a sharing way, the output end of the switching-on switch module and the output end of the switching-off switch module are connected with a direct current negative power supply or an alternating current ground wire in a sharing way, the switching-on coil control module is connected with a switching-on coil of the circuit breaker, and the switching-off coil control module is connected with a switching-off coil of the circuit breaker;
when the switching-on switch module is switched on, the switching-on coil control module is controlled to be switched on, so that a switching-on coil of the circuit breaker is electrified, and the circuit breaker is switched on; when the opening switch module is conducted, the opening coil control module is controlled to be conducted, so that an opening coil of the circuit breaker is powered on, and the circuit breaker is opened;
the brake-separating switch module comprises a brake-separating switch unit, a brake-separating control unit and a second protection unit;
the input end of the second protection unit is the input end of the opening and closing switch module, the output end of the second protection unit is connected with the input end of the opening and closing switch unit, the output end of the opening and closing switch unit is connected with the input end of the opening and closing control unit, and the output end of the opening and closing control unit is the output end of the opening and closing switch module;
the opening switch unit is conducted, and the opening control unit is electrified;
the brake-separating switch unit comprises a brake-separating switch;
the first end of the opening switch is the input end of the opening switch unit, and the second end of the opening switch is the output end of the opening switch unit;
the opening switch unit further comprises a second normally open contact of the first intermediate relay;
the first end of the second normally open contact of the first intermediate relay is an input end of the opening switch unit, and the second end of the second normally open contact of the first intermediate relay is connected with the first end of the opening switch;
the switching-on switch module comprises a switching-on switch unit, a switching-on control unit and a first protection unit;
the input end of the first protection unit is the input end of the closing switch module, the output end of the first protection unit is connected with the input end of the closing switch unit, the output end of the closing switch unit is connected with the input end of the closing control unit, and the output end of the closing control unit is the output end of the closing switch module;
the closing switch unit is conducted, and the closing control unit is electrified;
the switching-on control unit comprises a first intermediate relay coil and a first time relay coil;
the input end of the first intermediate relay coil is connected with the input end of the first time relay coil to form the input end of the closing control unit, and the output end of the first intermediate relay coil is connected with the output end of the first time relay coil to form the output end of the closing control unit.
2. The control device of the circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the closing switch unit includes a closing switch;
the first end of the closing switch is the input end of the closing switch unit, and the second end of the closing switch is the output end of the closing switch unit.
3. The control device of the circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the closing coil control module includes a first normally open contact of a first intermediate relay, a normally closed contact of a first time relay, and a first protector;
the input end of the first protector is the input end of the closing coil control module, the output end of the first protector is connected with the first end of the first normally open contact of the first intermediate relay, the second end of the first normally open contact of the first intermediate relay is connected with the first end of the normally closed contact of the first time relay, and the second end of the normally closed contact of the first time relay is the output end of the closing coil control module.
4. The control device of the circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the opening control unit includes a second intermediate relay coil and a second time relay coil;
the input end of the second intermediate relay coil is connected with the input end of the second time relay coil to form the input end of the opening control unit, and the output end of the second intermediate relay coil is connected with the output end of the second time relay coil to form the output end of the opening control unit.
5. The control device of the circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the breaking coil control module includes a normally open contact of a second intermediate relay, a normally closed contact of a second time relay, and a second protector;
the input end of the second protector is the input end of the brake-separating coil control module, the output end of the second protector is connected with the first end of the normally open contact of the second intermediate relay, the second end of the normally open contact of the second intermediate relay is connected with the first end of the normally closed contact of the second time relay, and the second end of the normally closed contact of the second time relay is the output end of the brake-separating coil control module.
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CN201811634347.6A CN109599279B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Control device of circuit breaker |
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CN201811634347.6A CN109599279B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Control device of circuit breaker |
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CN113381507A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-09-10 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司检修公司 | Isolator control system based on real-time condition diagnosis and multiple anti-misoperation |
CN113872167B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-05-28 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Device and method for preventing protection misoperation or refusal operation caused by direct current system ground fault |
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