CN109598056B - Method and system for measuring urban construction land form compactness and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring urban construction land form compactness and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system and a storage medium for measuring the form compactness of urban construction land, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the data of the ground spot blocks of the research area; vectorizing the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data; processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard; carrying out network analysis on the used place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used place cells; calculating the average distance between the cells of the land used according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the cells of the land used, and calculating the total area of the land used patch; and obtaining the form compactness index of the urban construction land in the research area according to the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patches. The method solves the problem of measuring the form compactness of the discontinuous urban construction land, is beneficial to establishing the compactness index, and plays an important role in promoting the efficient allocation of resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring compactness, in particular to a method, a system and a storage medium for measuring the morphological compactness of urban construction land, belonging to the technical field of morphological measurement of urban construction land.
Background
With the improvement of technology and the progress of urbanization, urban land is rapidly expanded, and in the process, the discontinuous spreading and the inefficient utilization of construction land are accompanied. And the problems of resource waste, ecological damage and the like are caused by city spread.
In the 60 s of the 20 th century, aiming at the problem of city spread, European and American scholars put forward development theories of city compactness, delicate growth and the like, and the development connotations of 'improving city density, promoting function mixing of land utilization, encouraging public transport travel' and the like are included. In recent years, the urbanization level of China is rapidly improved, and the land problems of city spreading and the like are gradually highlighted. With the economic step-in new normality of China, land utilization is developed by incremental development dump, the intensive and compact urban land layout is paid more and more attention, and managers begin to control the land utilization through various land indexes and put forward more requirements on the high efficiency of the land utilization. In future, land management will gradually develop towards scientification and refinement, and how to measure the compactness of urban land becomes a primary problem, so that the compactness of urban land needs to be evaluated through quantitative indexes.
The compactness of the ground is always concerned by scholars, different definitions of the compactness can lead to different evaluation results, and the compactness evaluation method is very important to determine. The conventional research methods focus on using a circle as a standard measurement shape of compactness, and evaluate the entire ground from the aspect of form. RICHARDSON (1961) proposed that circular shape was used as the standard metric shape
(where a is the area and P is the perimeter), CO L E (1964) measures the shape characteristics of a city with the minimum circumscribed circle area as the standard and proposes the compactness as a/a '(where a is the area of the region and a' is the minimum circumscribed circle area).
With the development of information technology, the accuracy of land data acquisition is increased, the processing modes are more diversified, and two measurement methods are widely applied.
A first measure, called compactness d/d, is proposed by BATTY (2001)mThe average distance (d) and the maximum distance (d) of the urban land patchmax) The urban compactness is measured by the ratio of (d/d)max. The disadvantage of this method is that it ignores the effect of absolute distance on compactness, ignores the blob size, and assumes a square city of four blobs, whose compactness is the same whether its side length is 1 or 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The former consists of [ (1+1+1+ 1.414+1.414)/6]Calculated as 0.791, which is [ (2+2+2+2+2.818+2.818)/6]Calculated as/2.818, it was also 0.791. This is clearly contrary to the fact that the former is more compact than the latter.
The second measure method measures the compactness p/a by using the land patch area a and the perimeter p, and the calculation formula is the compactness p/a ═ [ (a/pi)1/2]/(p/2 π). Where p is the city contour perimeter, this method takes into account the impact of the size of the landform patch on compactness, but has the drawback that the impact of distance is not taken into account. Suppose there is a plane composed of four facesThe compactness of a square city composed of equal-product patches, regardless of whether the interval is 1 or 2, is constant due to the fixed area and perimeter of the patches, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, which is contrary to the fact that the compactness of the former is higher than that of the latter.
The two methods have the common defect that the absolute distance of the urban construction land patch is ignored, so that a large error exists in the measurement of the compactness of the urban construction land spread region and the discontinuous region.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provide a method for measuring the morphological compactness of urban construction land, which measures the morphological compactness of the construction land by the relation between the average distance and the area of the patches of the construction land, thereby solving the problem of measuring the morphological compactness of the discontinuous urban construction land.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a system for measuring the form compactness of the urban construction land.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide a storage medium.
The first purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the form compactness of urban construction land comprises the following steps:
acquiring the data of the ground spot blocks of the research area;
vectorizing the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data;
processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard;
carrying out network analysis on the used place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used place cells;
calculating the average distance between the cells of the land used according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the cells of the land used, and calculating the total area of the land used patch;
and calculating the form compactness index of the urban construction land of the research area according to the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patches.
Further, the acquiring of the current-situation blob data of the research area specifically includes:
and extracting artificial area elements of the PC end of the Baidu map by matching the Baidu map API platform with a WebG L engine, and acquiring the used spot block data of the research area.
Further, the vectorizing processing of the terrestrial plaque data to obtain the terrestrial plaque vector data is performed in an ArcGIS platform, and specifically includes:
loading single-band land patch raster data and carrying out binarization processing;
creating a line element layer and editing the line element layer;
setting the maximum vectorized line width and the compression tolerance;
generating a land patch outer contour line on the line element layer;
inputting the land patch outer contour line layer, converting the line elements into surface elements, and outputting the land patch layer to obtain land patch vector data.
Further, the processing of the land use plaque vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard to be performed in the ArcGIS platform specifically include:
carrying out coordinate projection on the land use patch vector data, and outputting a projected land use patch layer;
rasterizing the urban construction land patches, laying continuous land cells to cover the construction land patches, and outputting a fishing net layer;
inputting a fishing net layer and a land patch layer, intersecting the land patch with the land cell, and outputting a land intersection layer;
and (3) counting land occupation patch areas in the land occupation cells after intersection:
converting the ground patch surface element into a point element, and converting the ground intersection layer into a ground intersection point layer;
calculating the land area built in the land cell, and summarizing the land intersection point layers to obtain land intersection summary layers;
and screening out land cells with the construction land area larger than or equal to a preset value, and exporting the selected element data through a land intersection summary map layer to obtain a new land cell map layer.
Further, the area of the set land is built in the cells for calculation, which is as follows:
Si＝∑sk
wherein S isiFor using the area of the construction land in the land cell i, skThe area of the kth construction land patch in the ith land cell.
Further, the network analysis of the cells of the user area to obtain the geometric connection line between the cells of the user area is performed in the ArcGIS platform, and specifically includes:
inputting a land cell map layer, determining the geometric center of each land cell, and obtaining a land cell point map layer of each land cell;
creating a network data set according to all the land unit points;
creating an OD cost matrix, loading a land use unit point map layer in both an initial place and a destination place, and obtaining a straight line connecting line between every two land use unit points;
removing repeated lines in each straight line connecting line;
calculating the geometric distance of each straight line connecting line after the repeated lines are removed;
assigning values to the starting point and the destination point of each straight line connecting line to enable each straight line connecting line to have the land area attribute of the starting cell and the land area attribute of the destination cell;
and when the starting place and the destination place of each straight line are assigned with values, deriving the link table.
Further, the average distance between the cells of the calculation area is as follows:
wherein S isi、SjThe areas of the cells at the two ends of the connecting line are respectively represented, i, j is 1, 2, 3 … … n, and i < j;
the total area of the calculated land patches is as follows:
a＝∑Si
wherein S isiThe area of the construction land in the used land cell i.
Further, the form compactness index of the urban construction land of the research area is calculated according to the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patches, and is as follows:
compactness index d/a ═ d/[ (a/pi)1/2]
Wherein a is the total area of the land used patches; d is the average distance between the plot cells.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a system for measuring the morphological compactness of urban construction land, the system comprising:
the system comprises a used ground spot data acquisition module, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the used ground spot data acquisition module is used for acquiring used ground spot data of a research area;
the earth patch vector data acquisition module is used for carrying out vectorization processing on the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data;
the used land cell screening module is used for processing the used land patch vector data through a rasterization technology and screening out the used land cells meeting the standard;
the network analysis module is used for carrying out network analysis on the land use cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the land use cells;
the first calculation module is used for calculating the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patch according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the land use cells;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the form compactness index of the construction land of the city of the research area according to the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land used patches.
The third purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a storage medium storing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs operations of:
acquiring the data of the ground spot blocks of the research area;
vectorizing the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data;
processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard;
carrying out network analysis on the used place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used place cells;
calculating the average distance between the cells of the land used according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the cells of the land used, and calculating the total area of the land used patch;
and obtaining the form compactness index of the urban construction land in the research area according to the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention optimizes the processing and analyzing method of the land patches, and reduces the error of the compactness measure caused by the large fluctuation of the patch number: through carrying out rasterization processing to the construction land used patch in the research scope, assign value to the cell to the construction land used patch area in the cell scope, further screen the land used cell again, avoided the accuracy deviation that the standard of land used patch division differs, quantity fluctuation is great brings, and reduced the influence of extreme data to the result.
2. The invention optimizes the measuring method of the construction land form compactness, has more accurate measuring result, perfects the compactness measurement of discontinuous areas, and compared with other calculation methods, the compactness formula eliminates the land patch perimeter factor with inaccurate measurement, overcomes the defects of neglecting the influence of city size and neglecting the area of independent patches, relates the patch size and distance, and can transversely compare the compactness of cities with different scales and different forms.
3. The method is based on the land data of the Baidu map open platform, measures the compactness of the land used by the target city according to the compactness formula through measuring the plaque area and the average distance of the construction land, is particularly suitable for measuring the compactness of discontinuous land used in city spreading areas, is favorable for determining the compactness index through quantifying the compactness of the land used, plays an important role in promoting the efficient allocation of resources, and provides an auxiliary tool for the refined management of the city.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a prior art city model with a square (side length of 1) composed of four points.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a prior art city model with a square (side length of 2) composed of four points.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a prior art square (side length is 1) city model composed of four right-of-land patches.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a prior art city model with squares (side length of 2) composed of four right-of-land patches.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the compactness of the land form for urban construction according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a square (side length 1) city model composed of four geographic patches according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a square (side length of 2) city model composed of four geographic patches according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a ground patch diagram for the Shenzhen special region in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a map of a patch for the New Pudong area of Shanghai in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a plot of new Tianjin coastal areas according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 11a is the effective land cell distribution diagram of the Shenzhen special region in the granularity of 500m × 500m in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 11b is the effective ground cell distribution diagram of the Shenzhen special region with granularity 1000m × 1000m in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 11c is the effective ground cell distribution diagram of the Shenzhen special region with the granularity of 1500m × 1500m in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 12a is a graph showing a distribution of cells of effective use of Pudong New region of Shanghai at a particle size of 500m × 500m in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 12b is a graph of the distribution of the effective useful cells of Pudong New zone of Shanghai at a particle size of 1000m × 1000m in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 12c is a graph showing the distribution of effective cells in Pudong New region of Shanghai at a particle size of 1500m × 1500m in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 13a is a graph showing a distribution of cells of effective area in the new Tianjin coastal region of example 2 of the present invention at a granularity of 500m × 500 m.
FIG. 13b is a graph showing the distribution of effective area cells in the new Tianjin coastal region of example 2 of the present invention at a granularity of 1000m × 1000 m.
FIG. 13c is a graph showing the distribution of effective area cells at a granularity of 1500m × 1500m in the new Tianjin coastal region in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 14a is a geometric distance connective diagram of the effective ground cells in the Shenzhen special region with the granularity of 500m × 500m in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 14b is a geometric distance connective diagram of the effective ground cells of the Shenzhen special region with granularity 1000m × 1000m in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 14c is a geometric distance connective diagram of the effective ground cells in the Shenzhen region with the granularity of 1500m × 1500m in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 15a is a plot of the effective land cell geometry distance at a particle size of 500m × 500m for the Pudong New region of Shanghai in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 15b is a plot of the effective cell geometry distances of Pudong New region of Shanghai at a particle size of 1000m × 1000m in accordance with example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 15c is a plot of the effective land cell geometry distance at a particle size of 1500m × 1500m for the Pudong New region of Shanghai in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 16a is a graph showing the geometric distance of the effective land cells at a granularity of 1000m × 1000m in the new Tianjin coastal zone in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 16b is a graph showing the geometric distance links of the effective land cells at a granularity of 1500m × 1500m in the new Tianjin coastal zone in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a block diagram of a system for measuring the compactness of the urban construction land form according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a method for measuring the form compactness of an urban construction land, which includes the following steps:
and S1, acquiring the used plaque data of the research area.
The method comprises the steps of acquiring current spot data of a research area through an Baidu map API platform, specifically, extracting an artificial area element at a PC (personal computer) end of the Baidu map through the Baidu map API platform in cooperation with a WebG L engine, and acquiring spot data of the research area.
And S2, carrying out vectorization processing on the land use patch data to obtain the land use patch vector data.
In this embodiment, data is imported into an ArcGIS platform, and after vectorization processing is performed, earth-based plaque vector data is obtained, which specifically includes:
s201, loading single-band land use patch grid data in an ArcGIS platform, and carrying out binarization processing: clicking the layer on the right key in the content panel, opening a symbol system panel in the attribute, selecting the classified options, setting the number of the categories to be 2, and setting the colors to be black and white, wherein the color of the ground patch is black, and the other colors are white.
S202, a line element shapefile is newly built, an editor toolbar is opened, editing is started by clicking a pull-down menu, and the layer is edited; and opening an arcscan tool in the expansion module, opening vectorization setting in a pull-down menu, setting the maximum line width to be 1, setting the compression tolerance to be 0.1, and selecting application.
S203, opening a pull-down menu of the arcscan toolbar, selecting display preview, selecting a generating element in the pull-down menu after confirming no error, and generating a land patch outer contour line on the line element layer.
S204, converting the line element into a surface element: in an arctoolbox, a tool (a tool kit, a data management tool, an element and an element conversion) is started, an earth plaque outer contour line layer is input, an earth plaque layer is output, and earth plaque vector data of a research area are obtained.
And S3, processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard.
In this embodiment, in the ArcGIS platform, the method for processing the geographical spot block data by using the rasterization technology and screening out the geographical cells meeting the standard specifically includes:
s301, performing coordinate projection on the land patch vector data: in an arctolobox, tools [ toolbox/data management tool/projection and transformation/element/projection ] are started, a land use patch vector data layer processed in S102 is selected from a pull-down menu of an input data set or an element class, an output coordinate system is set to be a UTM coordinate system corresponding to a research region (for example, a projection coordinate system corresponding to shenzhen is WGS _1984_ UTM _ Zone _50N), and a projected land use patch layer is output.
S302, rasterizing the urban construction land patch, and laying continuous square land cells with the side length of 500m/1000m/1500m to cover the construction land patch: starting a tool (a tool kit, a data management tool, an element class and a fishing net) and selecting a land patch image layer processed in S201 from a template range pull-down menu, setting the width and the height of a pixel to be set values and the geometric type to be polygon, setting an output coordinate system to be consistent with input in environment setting, and finally outputting the fishing net image layer.
S303, intersecting the land use patch with the land use cell: in an arctolobox, a tool [ toolbox/analysis tool/overlay analysis/intersection ] is started, a fishing net image layer and a land patch image layer are input, and a [ land intersection ] image layer is output.
S304, counting land use patch areas in the land use cells after intersection: right click the land use intersecting layer in the content list panel, add an area field in the attribute table, right click the area field, select the calculation geometry, set the attribute as the area in the calculation geometry panel, and obtain the area of each land patch after intersection in unit of square meter.
S305, converting the land patch surface elements into point elements: in an arctolobox, a tool [ toolbox/data management tool/element transit ] is started, and a [ right of land intersection ] layer is converted into a [ right of land intersection ].
S306, building a set land area in the cell for calculating land, wherein the set land area is as follows:
Si＝∑sk
wherein S isiFor using the area of the construction land in the land cell i, skThe area of the kth construction land patch in the ith land cell.
The specific operation is as follows: clicking a 'fishing net' image layer in a right key in a content list panel, selecting 'connection and association/connection', selecting another image layer data based on a spatial position, summarizing a ground intersection image layer by using a 'sum' attribute, and storing as a 'ground intersection summary' image layer.
S307, selecting Si≥1000m2The unit cell of (2): right click [ land crossing summary ] image layer in content list panel, open attribute list, and screen out 'sum _ area' in panel selected according to attribute>The application is selected for the cell of 1000 ", right click [ plot for land intersection summary ] the layer in the content panel, export the selected element data to the new layer [ plot for land ] cell.
And S4, performing network analysis on the used region cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used region cells.
In this embodiment, a network analysis module in the ArcGIS platform performs network analysis on the land use cells to obtain geometric links between the land use cells, and exports the link and endpoint information as an excel file, which specifically includes:
s401, determining the geometric center of each place cell: in an arctolobox, a tool [ toolbox/data management tool/element transfer point ] is started, a [ land use cell ] layer is input, and a geometric center layer [ land use cell point ] of each land use cell is obtained.
S402, establishing a network data set: clicking a right button in a directory panel, newly building an auxiliary layer, editing the auxiliary layer, drawing four intersected lines, including all the site unit points, exporting the auxiliary element layer in a shp format, clicking the auxiliary layer in the directory right button, selecting a newly-built network data set, and clicking the next step until the creation is completed.
S403, creating an OD cost matrix: establishing an OD cost matrix in a NetworkAnalysis toolbar, and opening a NetworkAnalysis window; in a Network Analysis panel, map layers of [ unit points of land ] are loaded in a departure point and a destination point, a sequencing field is set as fid, a geometric search tolerance unit is set as kilometer, and a solving button in a Network Analysis tool bar is operated to obtain a straight line connecting line between every two unit points of land.
S404, removing repeated lines: a right click is made on a line element in a NetworkAnalysis panel, an attribute table is opened, wherein [ origin id ] and [ destination id ] exist in the attribute table and respectively represent the number of a connecting line starting point, wherein the origin id is i, a connecting line of the destination id is j and the origin id is j, two connecting lines of the destination id are two lines with different directions and repeated positions, one of the two connecting lines needs to be excluded, and the connecting line of the origin id is a dead line and also needs to be excluded; the method comprises the following specific steps: opening a [ search by attribute ] panel in an attribute table, clicking to determine on the condition of 'origin ID' < 'destination ID', exporting selected data as a new layer [ connecting line ], wherein the format is shp, and adding the new layer [ connecting line ] into the panel.
S305, calculating the geometric distance of the connecting line: clicking the [ connecting line ] image layer by right key, opening an attribute table, adding a [ distance ] field, determining the type of the field is double-precision, and clicking; clicking a newly-built distance field by a right key, selecting and calculating geometry, setting the attribute as length and the unit as meter, clicking to determine, and calculating the geometric length between all connecting lines, namely the geometric distance d _ ij between all points.
S306, assigning values to the starting point and the destination of the connecting line: adding an 'OriginArea' field and a 'DestinationArea' field in a connecting line image layer, connecting an 'originID' field of the 'connecting line' table and an 'occupied cell point' table according to an 'originID' field of the 'connecting line' table and an 'occupied cell point' table, right-clicking the 'originArea' field, selecting a field calculator, enabling the 'originArea' field to be equal to 'sum _ area' in the occupied cell point table, enabling the connecting line to have the occupied area attribute of an initial cell, and disconnecting the connection; similarly, the [ bar ] table and the [ plot point ] table are linked according to the "DestinationID" of the [ bar ] table and the "ObjectID" of the [ plot point ], so that the "DestinationArea" is the "sum _ area" in the plot point table, and thus the bar has the plot area attribute of the destination cell, and the linking is broken.
S307, deriving a (connecting line) table: all records of the [ ligature ] attribute table are exported as the dBASE table [ ligature.dbf ], and the suffix name of the file is changed to xls.
And S5, calculating the average distance between the cells of the land use according to the geometric connecting lines and the end point information between the cells of the land use, and calculating the total area of the land use patch.
In this embodiment, the average distance between the cells in the area is calculated according to a formula in excel software, and the area of the data is counted.
Calculating the average distance d between the cells in the place, and making Si、SjEach cell area at the two ends of the connecting line is represented, wherein i, j is 1, 2, 3 … … n; calculating the average distance d in the excel file by using a function tool, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein i is less than j.
In the calculation of the average distance, S is first calculatedi·Sj、Si·Sj·dijAnd then separately calculate their sums ∑ij(Si·Sj·dij)、∑ij(Si·Sj·dij)。
Calculating the total area a of the occupied patches, i.e. counting the sum of the occupied areas in all the occupied cells screened in step S206: opening an attribute surface panel of a [ land used cell ] layer, clicking a 'sum _ area' field by right key, clicking a statistic option to check the sum of areas, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
a＝∑Si
wherein S isiThe area of the construction land in the used land cell i.
And S6, calculating the form compactness index of the construction land of the city of the research area according to the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land patches.
In this embodiment, the form compactness index of the urban construction land in the research area is calculated according to the form compactness index d/a formula of the construction land, and the specific formula of the form compactness index is as follows:
compactness index d/a ═ d/[ (a/pi)1/2]
Wherein a is the total area of the land patch, namely the total area of the construction land; d is the average distance between the cells of the land; the smaller the value, the more compact the ground shape becomes.
The embodiment provides a method for measuring the compactness of the land form for urban construction by using the relation between the average distance d of the land patch and the area a of the patch, which is called the compactness d/a, and the calculation formula is d/a ═ d/[ (a/pi)1/2]. For a given city, the compactness of the construction land form of the city has a positive correlation with the area of the construction land and a negative correlation with the average distance between the land patches, as shown in fig. 6 and 7.
It should be noted that although the method operations of the above-described embodiments are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the illustrated operations must be performed, to achieve desirable results. Rather, the depicted steps may change the order of execution. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken down into multiple step executions.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, taking the Shenzhen special region range (including the four regions of nan shan, fu tian, luo lake and salina), Shanghai Pudong new region and Tianjin coastal new region as examples, a method for measuring the morphological compactness of the urban construction land is provided, and the specific operation conditions and descriptions are as follows:
1) data acquisition and preliminary processing
1.1) extracting the 'man-made region' element at the PC end of the Baidu map by matching the Baidu map API platform with a WebG L engine, and acquiring the land-used patch raster data of the Shenzhen special region.
1.2) loading the land-used patch raster data of the Shenzhen special region in the ArcGIS platform, opening an arcscan tool in the expansion module, and carrying out vectorization processing on the raster data to obtain the land-used patch vector data of the Shenzhen special region.
Similarly, the same operations are also performed on the Shanghai Pudong New region and the Tianjin Binhai New region, and the right earth patch vector data of the Shenzhen special region, the Shanghai Pudong New region and the Tianjin Binhai New region are respectively shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.
2) Rasterization processing and data screening of data
2.1) carrying out coordinate projection on the land use patch vector data: in an arctolobox, tools [ toolbox/data management tool/projection and transformation/element/projection ] are started, a Shenzhen special region used blob vector data layer is selected in a pull-down menu of an input data set or an element class to set an output coordinate system as WGS _1984_ UTM _ Zone _50N, and a projected used blob layer [ Shenzhen _ UTM50N ] is output.
2.2) rasterizing the urban construction land patches: starting a tool (a toolbox/a data management tool/an element class/a fishing net is created), selecting a picture layer (Shenzhen _ UTM 50N) in a pull-down menu in a template range, setting the width and the height of the picture element to be 1500 (the default unit is meter), setting the geometric type to be polygon, setting an output coordinate system to be consistent with input in environment setting, and finally outputting the picture layer (the Shenzhen fishing net 1500).
2.3) will use the earth plaque to intersect with the cell: in the arcotoolbox, a startup tool [ toolbox/analysis tool/superposition analysis/intersection ], an input [ Shenzhen fishing net 1500 ] and a [ Shenzhen _ UTM50N ] image layer, and an output [ right land intersection _ Shenzhen 1500 ] image layer.
2.4) counting the land used patch area in each cell: right-key clicking (right-key crossing land) Shenzhen 1500) layer in the content list panel, adding an (area) field in the attribute table, right-key clicking (area) field, selecting the calculation geometry, setting the attribute as the area in the calculation geometry panel, wherein the unit is square meter, and obtaining the area s of each land patch after crossingk。
2.5) converting the land area elements into point elements: in an arctolobox, a startup tool [ toolbox/data management tool/element transit point ], and an output point element layer [ right-handed intersection _ Shenzhen 1500 ].
2.6) calculating the floor area S for the built-in celliThe concrete formula is as follows:
Si＝∑sk
wherein s iskThe area of the kth construction site plaque in the ith cell.
The specific operation is as follows: and right-key clicking a map layer of the Shenzhen fishing net 1500 in a content list panel, selecting a link and an association/link, selecting data of another map layer based on a spatial position, summarizing the map layer by using a 'sum' attribute, and storing as a 'right-key intersection summary _ Shenzhen 1500'.
2.7) selection of Si≥1000m2The unit cell of (2): right-key clicking (right-hand crossing summary _ Shenzhen 1500) image layers in a content list panel, opening an attribute table, and screening out 'sum _ area' in a panel selected according to attributes>And selecting an application, right-key clicking the [ right-hand cross-country summary _ Shenzhen 1500 ] image layer in the content panel, and exporting the selected element data to a new image layer [ right-hand cell _ Shenzhen 1500 ].
3) Network analysis
3.1) determining the geometric center of each place cell: in an arctolobox, a startup tool [ toolbox/data management tool/element transit point ], a land cell _ Shenzhen 1500 ] layer is input, and a geometric center layer of each land cell [ land cell point _ Shenzhen 1500 ] is obtained.
3.2) creating a network data set: clicking a right key in a directory panel, newly building an auxiliary layer (auxiliary _ Shenzhen), editing the auxiliary layer, drawing four intersected lines, including all the site unit points, leading out the auxiliary layer in an shp format, clicking the auxiliary layer in the directory panel at the right key, selecting to build a network data set, and clicking the next step until the building is completed.
3.3) creating an OD cost matrix: establishing an OD cost matrix in a NetworkAnalysis toolbar, and opening a NetworkAnalysis window; in a Network Analysis panel, map layers [ right cell point _ Shenzhen 1500 ] are loaded in a departure point and a destination point, a sorting field is set to be fid, a geometric search tolerance unit is set to be kilometer, a solving button in a Network Analysis toolbar is operated, and a straight line connecting line between every two adjacent ground cell points is obtained.
3.4) removing repeated lines: right-click a [ line ] element in a NetworkAnalysis panel, open an attribute table, open a [ search by attribute ] panel in the attribute table, and under the condition of [ origin ID "<" destination ID "], click determination is carried out, and selected data is exported to be a new shape layer [ line _ Shenzhen 1500 ], and is added to the panel.
3.5) calculating the geometric distance of the connecting line: right-click the (connecting line _ Shenzhen 1500), open the attribute table, add the (distance) field, and click for determination; clicking a newly-built distance field by a right key, selecting and calculating geometry, setting the attribute as length and the unit as meter, clicking to determine, calculating the geometric length between all connecting lines, namely the geometric distance d between all the pointsij。
3.6) assigning values to the starting point and the destination point of the connecting line: adding an 'originArea' field and a 'DestinationArea' field in a link layer, and connecting the two tables by using an 'OriginlD' field and an 'ObjectID' field of a 'right cell dot _ Shenzhen 1500' in the 'link _ Shenzhen 1500' table; right-click an [ origin area ] field, selecting a field calculator, so that the [ origin area ] is equal to the 'sum _ area' in the table of the [ right-handed cell point _ Shenzhen 1500 ], and thus, the connection line has the right-handed area attribute of the starting cell, and the connection is disconnected; similarly, in the table of "Ling _ Shenzhen 1500", the two tables are connected by the "DestinationID" field and the "ObjectID" field of "Anshenunit dot _ Shenzhen 1500", so that "DestinationArea" is equal to the "sum _ area" in the Anshenunit dot table, and thus the link has the Earth area attribute of the destination cell, and the connection is removed.
3.7) derive the table of (Ling _ Shenzhen 1500): all records of the attribute table of (Ling _ Shenzhen 1500) are exported to a dBASE table (Ling _ Shenzhen 1500. dbf), and the suffix name of the file is changed into xls after the records are exported.
4) Form compactness index calculation
4.1) calculating the average distance d of the cells of the place, let Si、SjEach cell area at the two ends of the connecting line is represented, wherein i, j is 1, 2, 3 … … n; calculating the average distance d in the excel file by using a function tool, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
in the calculation of the average distance, S is first calculatedi·Sj、Si·Sj·dijAnd then separately calculate their sums ∑ij(Si·Sj·dij)、∑ij(Si·Sj·dij)。
4.2) the total area a of the calculated land patches: opening an attribute surface panel of a [ land occupation unit ] layer, clicking a 'sum _ area' field by a right key, clicking a statistic option to check the sum of areas, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
a＝∑Si
wherein S isiThe area of the construction land in the used land cell i.
4.3) calculating the landform compactness index d/a of the research area, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
compactness index d/a ═ d/[ (a/pi)1/2]，
Wherein a is the total area of the construction land; d is the average distance between the cells of the land; the smaller the value, the more compact the ground shape becomes.
Setting the cell sizes in the step 2.2) to 1000m × 1000m and 500m × 500m respectively, and calculating the formation compactness indexes for construction of the Shenzhen regions under the corresponding granularity by using the method.
Respectively taking the new Shandong Shanghai region and the new Tianjin coastal region as research ranges, calculating the construction land form compactness indexes of the new Shandong Shanghai region and the new Tianjin coastal region under different granularities through the steps 2) to 4) after the earth patch vector data of the new Shandong Shanghai region and the new Tianjin coastal region are acquired in the step 1).
According to the steps, the Shenzhen special region, the Shanghai Pudong new region and the Tianjin coastal new region are obtained, under the granularity of 500mx500m, 1000m × 1000m and 1500m × 1500m, the ground compactness indexes for construction are as shown in the table (table 1), and according to the compactness indexes, the ground morphology of the Shanghai Pudong new region is the most compact, the ground morphology of the Tianjin coastal new region is the least compact, and the calculation influence of the cell granularity on the compactness is very small.
TABLE 1 statistical table of the form compactness indexes of urban construction land in Shenzhen special region, Shanghai Pudong new region and Tianjin coastal new region
The effective land cell distributions of the Shenzhen special region at granularities of 500m × m, 1000m × m and 1500m × 01500m are respectively shown in FIGS. 11a 11c, the effective land cell distributions of the Shanghai Pudong new region at granularities of 500m × m, 1000m × 21000m and 1500m × 31500m are respectively shown in FIGS. 12a 12c, the effective land cell distributions of the Tianjin Bingshen new region at granularities of 500m × 4500m, 1000m × 51000m and 1500m × 61500m are respectively shown in FIGS. 13a 13c, the effective land cell geometry distance links of the Shenzhen special region at granularities of 500m × m, 1000m × m and 1500m × m are respectively shown in FIGS. 14a 14c, the effective land cell geometry distance links of the Shanghan Pudong new region at granularities of 500m × m, 1000m × m, 1500m × m 1500m are respectively shown in FIGS. 14a 15a 11c, the effective land cell distance links of 500m 3616 and 1500m 3616 cells at granularities of 500m 3615 m
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 17, the present embodiment provides a system for measuring the morphological compactness of urban construction land, where the system includes a land patch data acquisition module, a land patch vector data acquisition module, a land cell screening module, a network analysis module, a first calculation module, and a second calculation module, and the specific functions of each module are as follows:
the used spot block data acquisition module is used for acquiring the used spot block data of the research area.
The earth patch vector data acquisition module is used for carrying out vectorization processing on the earth patch data to obtain the earth patch vector data.
The land cell screening module is used for processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology and screening out the land use cells meeting the standard.
And the network analysis module is used for carrying out network analysis on the using place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the using place cells.
The first calculation module is used for calculating the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land patch according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the land cells.
And the second calculation module is used for calculating the form compactness index of the construction land for the city in the research area according to the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land used patches.
It should be noted that the system provided in this embodiment is only illustrated by the division of the functional modules, and in practical applications, the functions may be distributed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
Example 4:
the present embodiment provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the following operations:
acquiring the data of the ground spot blocks of the research area; vectorizing the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data; processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard; carrying out network analysis on the used place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used place cells; calculating the average distance between the cells of the land used according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the cells of the land used, and calculating the total area of the land used patch; and obtaining the form compactness index of the urban construction land in the research area according to the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patches.
The storage medium in this embodiment may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer Memory, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a usb disk, a removable hard disk, or other media.
In conclusion, the method measures the morphological compactness of the construction land through the relation between the average distance and the area of the plaque of the construction land, and solves the problem of measuring the morphological compactness of the discontinuous urban construction land.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the scope of the present invention, which is disclosed by the present invention, and the equivalent or change thereof belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring the form compactness of urban construction land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the data of the ground spot blocks of the research area;
vectorizing the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data;
processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard;
carrying out network analysis on the used place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used place cells;
calculating the average distance between the cells of the land used according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the cells of the land used, and calculating the total area of the land used patch;
calculating a form compactness index of the urban construction land of the research area according to the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land used patches;
the average distance between the cells of the calculation area is as follows:
wherein S isi、SjThe areas of the cells at the two ends of the connecting line are respectively represented, i, j is 1, 2, 3 … … n, and i < j;
the total area of the calculated land patches is as follows:
a＝∑Si
wherein S isiThe area of the construction land in the used land cell i.
2. The method for measuring the morphological compactness of the urban construction land according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the current-situation land patch data of the research area specifically comprises:
and extracting artificial area elements of the PC end of the Baidu map by matching the Baidu map API platform with a WebG L engine, and acquiring the used spot block data of the research area.
3. The method for measuring the morphological compactness of the urban construction land according to claim 1, wherein the vectorization processing is performed on the land patch data to obtain the land patch vector data, and the vectorization processing is performed in an ArcGIS platform, specifically comprising:
loading single-band land patch raster data and carrying out binarization processing;
creating a line element layer and editing the line element layer;
setting the maximum vectorized line width and the compression tolerance;
generating a land patch outer contour line on the line element layer;
inputting the land patch outer contour line layer, converting the line elements into surface elements, and outputting the land patch layer to obtain land patch vector data.
4. The method for measuring the morphological compactness of the urban construction land according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the land patch vector data through a rasterization technology and the screening of land cells meeting the standard are performed in an ArcGIS platform, specifically comprising:
carrying out coordinate projection on the land use patch vector data, and outputting a projected land use patch layer;
rasterizing the urban construction land patches, laying continuous land cells to cover the construction land patches, and outputting a fishing net layer;
inputting a fishing net layer and a land patch layer, intersecting the land patch with the land cell, and outputting a land intersection layer;
and (3) counting land occupation patch areas in the land occupation cells after intersection:
converting the ground patch surface element into a point element, and converting the ground intersection layer into a ground intersection point layer;
calculating the land area built in the land cell, and summarizing the land intersection point layers to obtain land intersection summary layers;
and screening out land cells with the construction land area larger than or equal to a preset value, and exporting the selected element data through a land intersection summary map layer to obtain a new land cell map layer.
5. The method for measuring the morphological compactness of urban construction land according to claim 4, wherein the area of the construction land is built in the calculation land cell as follows:
Si＝∑sk
wherein S isiFor using the area of the construction land in the land cell i, skThe area of the kth construction land patch in the ith land cell.
6. The method for measuring the morphological compactness of the urban construction land according to claim 1, wherein the network analysis of the land cells is performed in an ArcGIS platform to obtain the geometric connecting lines between the land cells, and specifically comprises:
inputting a land cell map layer, determining the geometric center of each land cell, and obtaining a land cell point map layer of each land cell;
creating a network data set according to all the land unit points;
creating an OD cost matrix, loading a land use unit point map layer in both an initial place and a destination place, and obtaining a straight line connecting line between every two land use unit points;
removing repeated lines in each straight line connecting line;
calculating the geometric distance of each straight line connecting line after the repeated lines are removed;
assigning values to the starting point and the destination point of each straight line connecting line to enable each straight line connecting line to have the land area attribute of the starting cell and the land area attribute of the destination cell;
and when the starting place and the destination place of each straight line are assigned with values, deriving the link table.
7. The method for measuring the morphological compactness of the urban construction land according to claim 1, wherein the morphological compactness index of the urban construction land in the research area is calculated according to the average distance between land cells and the total area of land patches as follows:
compactness index d/a ═ d/[ (a/pi)1/2]
Wherein a is the total area of the land used patches; d is the average distance between the plot cells.
8. A system for measuring the form compactness of urban construction land is characterized by comprising the following components:
the system comprises a used ground spot data acquisition module, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the used ground spot data acquisition module is used for acquiring used ground spot data of a research area;
the earth patch vector data acquisition module is used for carrying out vectorization processing on the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data;
the used land cell screening module is used for processing the used land patch vector data through a rasterization technology and screening out the used land cells meeting the standard;
the network analysis module is used for carrying out network analysis on the land use cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the land use cells;
the first calculation module is used for calculating the average distance between the land use cells and the total area of the land use patch according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the land use cells;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the form compactness index of the urban construction land of the research area according to the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land used patches;
the average distance between the cells of the calculation area is as follows:
wherein S isi、SjThe areas of the cells at the two ends of the connecting line are respectively represented, i, j is 1, 2, 3 … … n, and i < j;
the total area of the calculated land patches is as follows:
a＝∑Si
wherein S isiThe area of the construction land in the used land cell i.
9. A storage medium storing a program, wherein the program when executed by a processor performs the operations of:
acquiring the data of the ground spot blocks of the research area;
vectorizing the earth patch data to obtain earth patch vector data;
processing the land use patch vector data through a rasterization technology, and screening out land use cells meeting the standard;
carrying out network analysis on the used place cells to obtain geometric connecting lines among the used place cells;
calculating the average distance between the cells of the land used according to the geometric connecting line and the end point information between the cells of the land used, and calculating the total area of the land used patch;
obtaining a form compactness index of the urban construction land of the research area according to the average distance between the land cells and the total area of the land used patches;
the average distance between the cells of the calculation area is as follows:
wherein S isi、SjThe areas of the cells at the two ends of the connecting line are respectively represented, i, j is 1, 2, 3 … … n, and i < j;
the total area of the calculated land patches is as follows:
a＝∑Si
wherein S isiThe area of the construction land in the used land cell i.
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