CN116341967A - Park green scheme evaluation and optimization method, device and equipment based on GIS model and storage medium - Google Patents
Park green scheme evaluation and optimization method, device and equipment based on GIS model and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a park green scheme evaluation and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium based on a GIS model, which are applied to the field of urban planning, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring basic geographic information data; preprocessing the basic geographic information data; evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data to obtain a park green land service level evaluation result; screening potential park green land site selection alternative points according to the park green land service level evaluation result; randomly extracting potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset quantity value to form a plurality of alternative schemes, wherein the alternative schemes comprise a plurality of potential park green land site selection alternative points; and screening the alternative schemes by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme. The technical effect that this application had is: the park green land site selection work is more objective, scientific and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of urban planning, in particular to a park green area scheme evaluation and optimization method, device and equipment based on a GIS model and a storage medium.
Background
The GIS is named Geographic Information System, and the Chinese name is geographic information park green scheme evaluation and optimization system. The system is a specific space information park green scheme evaluation and optimization system, and the position information is the core of a GIS. The system is a technical park green pattern evaluation and optimization system for collecting, storing, managing, calculating, analyzing, displaying and describing data in a space range under the support of a computer hardware and software park green pattern evaluation and optimization system.
Generally, the main steps of urban park green space layout optimization and construction site selection by using a GIS model in the prior art are as follows:
(1) Basic geographic information data and data preprocessing are acquired, wherein the basic geographic information data and data preprocessing comprises park green land information thematic map of a research area, road network information thematic map with correct topological relation, residential building information thematic map containing building bottom layer area and layer number information, resident population data in national economy and social development gazettes and the like;
(2) According to the relevant park green land division standard and in combination with field investigation, determining the city level, district level and community level park green land as research objects, and calculating the service range of the corresponding park green land by using an ArcGIS network analysis method;
(3) Park greenfield service provision area calculation in a 100 x 100m cell grid (corresponding to the actual base space cell) is completed in ArcGIS, which is the sum of park greenfield service provision areas that may be obtained by the base space cell;
(4) The calculation of the service demand area of the park greenbelt in a 100X 100m unit grid (corresponding to an actual basic space unit) is completed in an ArcGIS, and the product of the ratio of the total residential building area in the basic space unit to the total residential building area in the district of the city of the basic space unit and the resident population number in the district of the city of the basic space unit is calculated, wherein the resident population number of the basic unit is calculated by the product of the ratio of the total residential building area in the basic space unit to the total residential building area in the district of the city of the basic space unit and the resident population number in the district of the city of the basic space unit;
(5) Calculating the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the whole research area and the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of each basic unit according to the requirements and the supply amount of each basic unit and the total requirements and the total supply amount;
(6) And carrying out hot spot analysis on the park green land service supply and demand space matching measure of each basic unit.
In carrying out the present application, the inventors have found that at least the following problems exist in this technology: the method is characterized in that a hot spot analysis mode is used for obtaining the preferential site selection area (point) of the newly built park greenbelt, only the fact that the park greenbelt in certain preferential site selection areas (points) is built is pointed out, so that the park greenbelt service level of the area is improved, but site selection limiting conditions objectively existing in actual city construction are not considered, a flow-path site selection model is not built, and subjective randomness exists. Therefore, the obtained actual site selection of the urban park green land has no direct guiding effect on urban planning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to more objectively, scientifically and efficiently perform site selection work of a park green land, the method, the device, the equipment and the storage medium for evaluating and optimizing the park green land pattern based on the GIS model are provided.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a park green scheme evaluation and optimization method based on a GIS model, which adopts the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps: acquiring basic geographic information data;
preprocessing the basic geographic information data;
evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data to obtain a park green land service level evaluation result;
screening potential park green land site selection alternative points according to the park green land service level evaluation result;
randomly extracting potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset quantity value to form a plurality of alternative schemes, wherein the alternative schemes comprise a plurality of potential park green land site selection alternative points;
and screening the alternative schemes by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme.
According to the technical scheme, the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system obtains basic geographic information data and carries out preprocessing on the basic geographic information data, the park green area service level in a research area is evaluated according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data, possible preferential site points for building the park green area are obtained according to the evaluation result, namely potential park green area alternative points are obtained, a specified number of potential park alternative points are extracted from the potential park alternative points by utilizing a combination principle to form each alternative scheme, then the alternative scheme is optimized by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal scheme is finally obtained, the optimal site scheme of the park green area meeting the limiting condition is obtained by utilizing an iterative optimization algorithm, and the park green area site selection work can be carried out objectively, scientifically and efficiently.
In a specific embodiment, the basic geographic information data includes the resident population of each administrative district, and the preprocessing of the basic geographic information data specifically includes:
dividing a research area to obtain a plurality of basic units;
determining a park green land service range according to the basic geographic information data;
calculating park green land service supply quantity of each basic unit according to the park green land service range;
determining POI data;
calculating the POI comprehensive density duty ratio corresponding to the basic unit according to the POI data;
determining the resident population of each administrative district;
calculating the product of the resident population of the administrative area and the POI comprehensive density ratio corresponding to each basic unit, wherein the product is the resident population of each basic unit;
and calculating park green land service demand of each basic unit according to the resident population number of the basic unit and the average people up to the park green land area.
Through the technical scheme, when the park green land pattern evaluation and optimization system calculates park green land service demand of the foundation unit by utilizing the resident population number of the foundation unit and the average park green land area up to the standard, wherein the resident population number of the foundation unit uses the PIO comprehensive density ratio, and the calculated population number is more attached to the actual situation in consideration of the flowability of the population.
In a specific embodiment, the evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data to obtain park green land service evaluation specifically includes:
calculating a park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area and a park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the foundation unit according to the park green land service supply quantity of the foundation unit and the park green land service demand quantity of the foundation unit;
the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area has the following calculation formula:
wherein G is entity Is the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area,
park green land service demand, supply, G of the i-th base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total park green service demand and the total supply of the whole research area are respectively, and n is the number of basic units.
The park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the basic unit has the following calculation formula:
wherein,,
service of matching of supply and demand space for park greenbelt of jth basic unit, G entity Park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the whole research area is->
Park green land service demand, supply, G of the jth base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total demand and the total supply of the park green land service are respectively the whole; n is the number of base units.
Through the technical scheme, the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system calculates the park green area service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area and the park green area service supply and demand space matching condition of the foundation unit by utilizing the park green area service supply quantity of the foundation unit and the park green area service demand quantity of the foundation unit, so that staff can be helped to grasp the park green area service level of the research area and the park green area service level of a certain foundation unit more quantitatively, and data support is provided for subsequent park green area site selection.
In a specific embodiment, the screening of potential park green site selection candidate points according to the park green site service level evaluation result specifically includes:
performing hot spot analysis on the matching condition of the supply and demand space of the park green land service of each basic unit to obtain a Z value corresponding to the supply and demand space condition of the park green land service of each basic unit;
comparing the Z value with a preset screening standard value;
if the Z value corresponding to the park green land service supply and demand space condition of the basic unit does not exceed the screening standard value, judging the basic unit as a cold point;
The base unit determined to be a cold spot is set as a potential park green site selection candidate.
Through the technical scheme, the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system performs hot spot analysis on the park green area service supply and demand space matching condition of the basic unit, and determines the accurate physical space of park green area site selection in the most suitable or unsuitable research area as far as possible, so that the final park green area site selection is more scientific, the actual condition of the research area or the basic unit is more met, and the overall park green area service level of the research area is further improved.
In a specific embodiment, the screening the alternatives by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal solution specifically includes:
forming a particle swarm with the alternatives as particles;
initializing initial speeds and initial positions corresponding to all particles;
calculating an initial objective function value of each particle in the particle swarm;
setting an initial objective function value of the particle as a local optimal value corresponding to the particle, wherein the historical optimal solution is the historical optimal position of the particle;
setting the largest objective function value in the particle swarm as a global optimal value, wherein the global optimal value is the global optimal position corresponding to the particle swarm;
Updating the speed and the position of the particles according to a preset updating function;
calculating an objective function value of each particle in the particle swarm;
updating the local optimal value and the global optimal value according to the objective function value;
and outputting particles corresponding to the global optimal value when the iteration number reaches the preset maximum iteration number.
According to the technical scheme, the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system performs iterative optimization on the potential park green area site selection alternative scheme by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, so that the finally obtained optimal scheme can meet the forced index and the reference index of park green area site selection, the traditional manual site selection mode is abandoned, the working efficiency is improved, and the problem of subjectivity and one side possibly exists in manual site selection is avoided by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.
In a specific embodiment, the basic geographic information data includes park greenbelt data, and the determining a park greenbelt service range according to the basic geographic information data specifically includes:
invoking a city park database, wherein city park data is stored in the city park database, and the city park data at least comprises park names and park green areas;
Determining park green land grades and corresponding park green land service radiuses according to the park green land areas and the city policies;
obtaining road network data, wherein the road network data at least comprises park greenbelt exit and entrance data;
performing topology inspection and repair on the road network data;
disconnecting the intersection of the line segments in the road network according to the road network data;
setting the park greenbelt exit and entrance as facility points;
taking the facility point as a starting point, extending along a road where the facility point is located until the extension length reaches the park green land service radius corresponding to the park where the facility point is located, and forming a service area range corresponding to the facility point;
and calculating and determining the park greenbelt service range according to the facility points corresponding to the park greenbelt.
Through the technical scheme, when the park green land service supply quantity is calculated, the park green land is divided into parks with different grades according to the area size according to the national standard, and the corresponding park green land service radius is used, so that the park green land evaluation and optimization system has higher popularization and can be suitable for park green land planning of most cities.
In a specific embodiment, before the dividing the study area to obtain the base units, the method further includes:
And screening the park green land data, and eliminating invalid data.
According to the technical scheme, the park green scheme evaluation and optimization system eliminates invalid data in the basic geographic information data before analyzing and processing the basic geographic information data, so that the overall value of the basic geographic information data is improved, the situation that the invalid data occupies park green scheme evaluation and optimization system resources in subsequent work is avoided as much as possible, and the park green scheme evaluation and optimization system operation performance is reduced.
In a second aspect, the application provides a park green scheme evaluation and optimization device based on a GIS model, which adopts the following technical scheme: the device comprises:
the basic geographic information acquisition module is used for acquiring basic geographic information data;
the basic geographic information processing module is used for preprocessing the basic geographic information data;
the green land service level evaluation module is used for evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data to obtain a park green land service level evaluation result;
the potential green land site selection candidate point module is used for screening potential park green land site selection candidate points according to the park green land service level evaluation result;
The alternative scheme generation module is used for randomly extracting potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset quantity value to form a plurality of alternative schemes, wherein the alternative schemes comprise a plurality of potential park green land site selection alternative points;
and the alternative scheme optimizing module is used for screening the alternative scheme by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, which adopts the following technical scheme: the method comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is stored with a computer program which can be loaded by the processor and execute the park green place evaluation and optimization method based on the GIS model.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which adopts the following technical solutions: a computer program is stored that can be loaded by a processor and that performs any of the above-described methods for park green pattern evaluation and optimization based on a GIS model.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the park green place evaluation and optimization system is used for obtaining basic geographic information data and preprocessing the basic geographic information data, evaluating the park green place service level in a research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data, obtaining possible preferential site selection points for building the park green place according to the evaluation result, namely potential park green place alternative points, extracting a specified number of potential park alternative points from the potential park alternative points by utilizing a combination principle to form each alternative scheme, optimizing the alternative scheme by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm, finally obtaining an optimal scheme, and obtaining the optimal site selection scheme of the park green place meeting the limiting condition by utilizing an iterative optimization algorithm, so that the park green place site selection work can be more objectively, scientifically and efficiently carried out;
2. When the park green land service supply quantity is calculated, the park green land is divided into parks with different grades according to the area size according to the national standard, and the corresponding park green land service radius is used, so that the park green land service evaluation and optimization system has higher popularization and can be suitable for park green land planning of most cities.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a park green scenario evaluation and optimization method based on a GIS model in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for overall solution steps in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for showing alternative optimization steps according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a park green scheme evaluation and optimization device based on a GIS model in an embodiment of the application.
Reference numerals: 301. a basic geographic information acquisition module; 302. a basic geographic information processing module; 303. a green land service level evaluation module; 304. a potential green land site selection alternative point module; 305. an alternative generation module; 306. alternative optimization module.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 1-4.
The embodiment of the application discloses a park green scheme evaluation and optimization method based on a GIS model. The method is applied to a park green place scheme evaluation and optimization system, the park green place scheme evaluation and optimization system introduces an optimized site GIS model into a planning process, objectivity of park green place distribution, the number level and population level of park green place services are fully considered, and the park green place service supply and demand matching degree of a research area is truly reflected. And determining the accurate physical space most suitable or least suitable for building site selection of the urban park green land by utilizing hot spot analysis, searching possible preferential site selection area points for building the park green land, and building a flow park green land optimizing site selection model by utilizing an optimizing iterative algorithm so as to obtain an optimal scheme for park green land site selection. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method comprises the steps of:
S10, basic geographic information data are acquired.
Specifically, the basic geographic information data comprises land data utilization data of a research area, road network data, park green land grade standards, administrative population data, various POI data and the like, wherein the POI data comprises living facility data, business facility data, cultural facility data, educational facility data, public service facility data and traffic facility data, and the park green land pattern evaluation and optimization system acquires the basic geographic information data through a local urban physical examination platform of the research area.
S20, preprocessing the basic geographic information data.
Specifically, after the park green pattern evaluation and optimization system acquires the basic geographic information data, the park green pattern evaluation and optimization system screens the park green pattern data to remove invalid points and error points in the park green pattern data, such as land parcels with changed land property, other land used with mixed names, and the like.
And S30, evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data.
Specifically, the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system mainly evaluates the green area service level in the research area according to park green area data in basic geographic information, and generates a corresponding evaluation result, wherein the evaluation result comprises the park green area service supply and demand space matching condition of the whole research area.
And S40, screening potential park green land site selection alternative points according to park green land service level evaluation results.
Specifically, the park green land scheme evaluation and optimization system processes park green land service level evaluation results by using a hot spot analysis technology, and identifies an area with obviously abnormal absolute level of supply and demand matching of the park green land service quantity, namely a potential park green land site selection alternative point, wherein the obviously abnormal supply quantity of park green land service is difficult to meet the demand quantity of residents, and the research area in the embodiment can be a regional administrative area, a county administrative area or a rural administrative area.
S50, randomly extracting potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset quantity value to form a plurality of alternative schemes.
Specifically, since the number of the selected potential park green land site selection candidate points may exceed the number of park green lands which need to be increased in the urban planning process of the user, staff can extract the potential park green land site selection candidate points according to the preset number to form a plurality of alternatives, wherein the number of the potential park green land site selection candidate points in each alternative is kept consistent, but the content is not identical. For easy understanding, the number of the selected potential park greenbelt location candidate points is described by way of example if the number of park greenbelts to be added in the city planning process is 3 In an amount of 10, the alternatives formed should be, according to the principle of combination
A kind of module is assembled in the module and the module is assembled in the module.
And S60, screening the alternative schemes by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme.
Specifically, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is a random search algorithm simulating biological activities in nature, and an optimal scheme for park green land site selection is obtained through iteration and substitution of a local optimal scheme and a global optimal scheme. The park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system utilizes a particle swarm optimization algorithm to screen an optimal scheme, replaces the traditional manual site selection mode, reduces the situation that the site selection result is high in subjectivity due to manual intervention in the site selection process, further enables the site selection result to be more scientific, and is more attached to the actual situation of a research area, and the park green area service level in the research area is remarkably improved.
In one embodiment, to improve accuracy of the park green space service supply and demand space matching condition data, the preprocessing of the basic geographic information data may be specifically performed as the following steps:
dividing the research area by a park green proposal evaluation and optimization system to obtain a plurality of basic units; the specification of the basic unit in the embodiment is 100m×100m, and then the park green land scheme evaluation and optimization system determines the service range of the park green land according to the obtained basic geographic information data; the number of basic units in the research area is counted, and the park green land service supply amount of each basic unit is calculated according to the park green land service range, specifically, the park green land service range is divided by the number of basic units, and the quotient is the park green land service supply amount of the basic unit.
POI data in basic geographic information data are determined, POI comprehensive density proportion corresponding to different basic units is calculated according to the POI data, the POI data describe the space and attribute information of geographic entities, various activities of cities can be reflected to a certain extent, and people can divide urban functional areas according to POI data grades in urban functional area units.
Next, the park green pattern evaluation and optimization system determines the resident population of each administrative district, and takes the product of the resident population of each administrative district and the POI comprehensive density ratio corresponding to each basic unit as the resident population of each basic unit; and multiplying the resident population of the basic unit by the national specified people's average up to the park green space area, and calculating to obtain the park green space service demand of the basic unit. The method overcomes the unilateral property of calculating the resident population of the foundation unit by using the proportion of the occupied area of the living land to the total occupied area, so that the calculated population of the foundation unit is more fit with the actual situation, and the park green service demand corresponding to the foundation unit calculated by the follow-up park green scheme evaluation and optimization system is more scientific and accurate.
In one embodiment, in order to clearly view the entire research area and the park green service level of each basic unit, the park green service level of the research area is evaluated according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data, so as to obtain park green service evaluation, which specifically may be implemented as the following steps:
the park green place scheme evaluation and optimization system substitutes the park green place service supply quantity of the basic unit and the park green place service demand quantity of the basic unit into a preset calculation formula, and evaluates the park green place service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area and the park green place service supply and demand space matching condition of the basic unit according to a calculation result.
The park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area has the following calculation formula:
G entity park greenbelt service supply and demand space matching for research areaThe status of the condition is that,
park green land service demand, supply, G of the i-th base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total park green service demand and the total supply of the whole research area are respectively, and n is the number of basic units.
The park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the basic unit has the following calculation formula:
wherein,,
service of matching of supply and demand space for park greenbelt of jth basic unit, G entity Park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the whole research area is->
Park green land service demand, supply, G of the jth base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total demand and the total supply of the park green land service are respectively the whole; n is the number of base units. G entity 0 is equal to the supply and demand space, the park greenbelt service level of the research area is higher, the requirements of residents can be met, G entity The fact that 1 is equal to the total deviation of supply and demand space is indicated, the park greenbelt layout is unreasonable, or the number of park greenbelts in a research area is small, and the requirements of residents cannot be met. />
Meaning of numerical value and G entity The values are consistent in meaning and are not described in detail herein. Staff can directly check G entity And->
Is to know the park green service level of the research area corresponding to the basic unit, and G entity And->
The numerical value of (2) provides accurate and scientific data support for the subsequent park green land site selection.
In one embodiment, to find a reasonable park green site selection point, the potential park green site selection point is screened according to the park green site service level evaluation result, and specifically the following steps may be performed:
the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system carries out hot spot analysis on the park green area service supply and demand space matching condition of each basic unit to obtain a Z value corresponding to the park green area service supply and demand space condition of each basic unit; the hot spot analysis is used for identifying spatial clusters with high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots) with statistical significance, and Z values corresponding to an input element table can be obtained by carrying out hot spot analysis on input elements; specifically, the Z value is smaller than-2.58, representing a very significant low value aggregation in space, the Z value is smaller than-1.96 and larger than-2.58, representing the significant low value aggregation, and the basic unit meeting the above conditions is a cold point, wherein the cold point refers to a basic unit with significant abnormality of the park green land service quantity supply and demand matching absolute level, in other words, the basic unit judged as the cold point is set as a potential park green land site selection alternative point. The park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system utilizes a hot spot analysis technology to determine the accurate physical space which is most suitable or least suitable for the construction site selection of the urban park green area, and can accurately find the potential preferential site selection point for building the park green area.
As shown in fig. 3, in one embodiment, in order to determine park green location points, the park green service level of the research area is maximized, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to screen the alternatives to obtain the optimal solution, which may be specifically implemented as the following steps:
taking the alternatives as particles, and forming a particle swarm by a plurality of alternatives; the park green scheme is used for evaluating initial speeds, initial positions and maximum iteration times corresponding to all particles in a particle group, wherein the initial speeds, the initial positions and the maximum iteration times are set by staff, then objective function values of all particles are calculated, the objective function value of each particle is evaluated, the objective function value of the particle is set to be a local optimum value corresponding to the particle, the maximum local optimum value in the particle group is set to be a global optimum value, then iteration is carried out, in each iteration process, the positions and the speeds of the particle are updated according to a preset updating function, the objective function values of the updated particle are calculated and compared with the local optimum value corresponding to the particle currently, if the current objective function value is higher than the local optimum value corresponding to the particle, the local optimum value of the particle is updated according to the objective function value, and the park green scheme is used for comparing the current local optimum value with the global optimum value, if the maximum local optimum value is higher than the current global optimum value, and if the global green scheme is higher than the global optimum value, the global optimum is the global optimum, and the park is also used for updating the local optimum value corresponding to the particle history. In this embodiment, the objective function is an evaluation index of an urban green park green space scheme and an optimization system, where the evaluation index includes a mandatory index and a reference index, the mandatory index includes a people's average green space area, a green space rate, a green space coverage rate, and the reference index includes available land block selection, public service facility accessibility, slow accessibility, a service level average, and the like, that is, in each iteration process, the park green space scheme evaluates each index value corresponding to the particles calculated by the optimization system, first, whether the mandatory index corresponding to the alternative scheme is satisfied is determined, if satisfied, the local optimal scheme is selected according to the reference index value, then, whether the reference index corresponding to the local optimal scheme satisfies the calculation result of the global optimal scheme is determined, if satisfied, the global optimal scheme is updated, and then, an iteration is performed until the iteration is completed.
And when the iteration times reach the preset maximum iteration times, evaluating particles corresponding to the global optimal value output by the optimizing system in the park green scheme.
The objective function in this application is:
V i ＝V i +C 1 ×rand(0～1)×(pbest i -X i )+C 2 ×rand(0～1)×(gbest i -X i )
X i ＝X i +V i
wherein i represents the total number of particles in the population; v (V) i Indicating the velocity of the particles; rand (0-1) represents a random number between 0 and 1; x is X i Is the current position of the particle; c (C) 1 And C 2 Is a learning factor, usually taking C 1 ＝C 2 =2; pbest represents the local optimum; gbest is the global optimum. According to the method, the alternative schemes are screened by combining the particle swarm algorithm with the actual situation, so that the optimal scheme is obtained, a manual site selection mode is replaced, subjectivity of site selection results is reduced, scientificity of the site selection results is further improved, and park green land service level of a research area is maximally improved.
In one embodiment, to promote the adaptability of the park green aspect evaluation and optimization system, determining the park green service scope according to the basic geographic information data may be specifically performed as the following steps:
the park green scheme evaluation and optimization system calls a city park database, city park data is stored in the city park database, and the city park data at least comprises park names and park green areas; then determining park green land grades and corresponding park green land service radiuses according to park green land areas and city policies, wherein different park green land grades correspond to different park green land service radiuses, and in the embodiment, the park green land grades comprise comprehensive parks, community parks and amusement parks; wherein the comprehensive park greenbelt service radius of more than 50 hectares is 3000 meters, the comprehensive park greenbelt service radius of more than 20 hectares and less than 50 hectares is 2500 meters, the comprehensive park greenbelt service radius of more than 10 hectares and less than 20 hectares is 1500 meters, the community park greenbelt service radius of more than 5 hectares and less than 10 hectares is 1000 meters, the community park greenbelt service radius of more than 1 hectare and less than 5 hectares is 500 meters, and the park greenbelt service radius of less than 1 hectare is 300 meters.
Then, road network data are determined, wherein the road network consists of four-level roads, common road intersections, crosswalks, overpasses and underground street channels, and at least comprises park greenbelt entrance and exit data and attributes such as names, lengths, properties, elevations and the like corresponding to various roads; the park green area scheme evaluation and optimization system performs topology inspection and repair on a road network, breaks a road section intersection in the road network, sets a park green area outlet as a facility point, extends along a road where the facility point is located by taking the facility point as a starting point until the extension length reaches a park green area service radius corresponding to the park where the facility point is located, forms a sector area, namely a service area range corresponding to the facility point, and the service area ranges corresponding to all facility points of the park are park green area service ranges.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating and optimizing green park patterns based on a GIS model in one embodiment. It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 1 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows; the steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders; and at least some of the steps in fig. 1 may include a plurality of sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor does the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily occur in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least some of the other steps or sub-steps of other steps.
Based on the method, the embodiment of the application also discloses a park green proposal evaluation and optimization device based on the GIS model.
As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus includes the following modules:
a basic geographic information acquisition module 301, configured to acquire basic geographic information data;
A basic geographic information processing module 302, configured to pre-process basic geographic information data;
the green land service level evaluation module 303 is configured to evaluate a park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data, so as to obtain a park green land service level evaluation result;
a potential green land site selection candidate point module 304, configured to screen potential park green land site selection candidate points according to a park green land service level evaluation result;
the alternative generating module 305 is configured to randomly extract potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset number value, so as to form a plurality of alternatives, where the alternatives include a plurality of potential park green land site selection alternative points;
and the alternative scheme optimizing module 306 is configured to screen the alternative scheme by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme.
In one embodiment, the basic geographic information processing module 302 is further configured to pre-process basic geographic information data, and specifically includes:
dividing a research area to obtain a plurality of basic units;
determining a park green land service range according to the basic geographic information data;
calculating park green land service supply quantity of each basic unit according to the park green land service range;
Determining POI data;
calculating the POI comprehensive density ratio corresponding to the basic unit according to the POI data;
determining the resident population of each administrative district;
calculating the product of the resident population of the administrative area and the POI comprehensive density ratio corresponding to each basic unit, wherein the product is the resident population of each basic unit;
and calculating park green land service demand of each basic unit according to the resident population number of the basic unit and the average people up to the park green land area.
In one embodiment, the greenbelt service level evaluation module 303 is further configured to evaluate a park greenbelt service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data, so as to obtain a park greenbelt service evaluation, and specifically includes:
calculating a park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area and a park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the foundation unit according to the park green land service supply quantity of the foundation unit and the park green land service demand quantity of the foundation unit;
the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area has the following calculation formula:
wherein G is entity Is the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area,
park green land service demand, supply, G of the i-th base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total park green service demand and the total supply of the whole research area are respectively, and n is the number of basic units.
The park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the basic unit has the following calculation formula:
wherein,,
service of matching of supply and demand space for park greenbelt of jth basic unit, G entity Park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the whole research area is->
Park green land service demand, supply, G of the jth base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total demand and the total supply of the park green land service are respectively the whole; n is the number of base units.
In one embodiment, the potential green land site selection candidate point module 304 is further configured to screen potential green land site selection candidate points according to the park green land service level evaluation result, and specifically includes:
performing hot spot analysis on the matching condition of the supply and demand space of the park green land service of each basic unit to obtain a Z value corresponding to the supply and demand space condition of the park green land service of each basic unit;
comparing the Z value with a preset screening standard value;
if the Z value corresponding to the park green land service supply and demand space condition of the basic unit does not exceed the screening standard value, judging the basic unit as a cold point;
the base unit determined to be a cold spot is set as a potential park green site selection candidate.
In one embodiment, the alternative optimization module 306 is further configured to screen the alternatives by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal solution, and specifically includes:
forming a particle swarm with the alternatives as particles;
initializing initial speeds and initial positions corresponding to all particles;
calculating an initial objective function value of each particle in the particle swarm;
setting an initial objective function value of the particle as a local optimal value corresponding to the particle, wherein a historical optimal solution is the historical optimal position of the particle;
setting the largest objective function value in the particle swarm as a global optimal value, wherein the global optimal value is the global optimal position corresponding to the particle swarm;
updating the speed and the position of the particles according to a preset updating function;
calculating an objective function value of each particle in the particle swarm;
updating the local optimal value and the global optimal value according to the objective function value;
and outputting particles corresponding to the global optimal value when the iteration number reaches the preset maximum iteration number.
In one embodiment, the basic geographic information processing module 302 is further configured to determine a park green land service range according to the basic geographic information data, and specifically includes:
calling a city park database, wherein city park data is stored in the city park database, and the city park data at least comprises park names and park green areas;
Determining park green land grades and corresponding park green land service radiuses according to park green land areas and city policies;
obtaining road network data, wherein the road network data at least comprises park greenbelt exit and entrance data;
topology inspection and repair are carried out on road network data;
disconnecting the intersection of the line segments in the road network according to the road network data;
setting a park green land exit and entrance as a facility point;
taking the facility point as a starting point, extending along the road where the facility point is located until the extension length reaches the park green land service radius corresponding to the park where the facility point is located, and forming a service area range corresponding to the facility point;
and calculating and determining the park greenbelt service range according to the facility points corresponding to the park greenbelt.
In one embodiment, the basic geographic information processing module 302 is further configured to, before dividing the research area to obtain a plurality of basic units, further include:
and screening park green land data, and removing invalid data.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a computer device.
Specifically, the computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which can be loaded by the processor and execute the park green pattern evaluation and optimization method based on the GIS model.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a computer readable storage medium.
Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and that executes the park green pattern evaluation and optimization method based on the GIS model as described above, the computer-readable storage medium including, for example: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RandomAccessMemory, RAM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A park green proposal evaluation and optimization method based on a GIS model, the method comprising:
acquiring basic geographic information data;
preprocessing the basic geographic information data;
evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data to obtain a park green land service level evaluation result;
Screening potential park green land site selection alternative points according to the park green land service level evaluation result;
randomly extracting potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset quantity value to form a plurality of alternative schemes, wherein the alternative schemes comprise a plurality of potential park green land site selection alternative points;
and screening the alternative schemes by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the basic geographic information data comprises a population number of each administrative district, and the preprocessing of the basic geographic information data specifically comprises:
dividing a research area to obtain a plurality of basic units;
determining a park green land service range according to the basic geographic information data;
calculating park green land service supply quantity of each basic unit according to the park green land service range;
determining POI data;
calculating the POI comprehensive density duty ratio corresponding to the basic unit according to the POI data;
determining the resident population of each administrative district;
calculating the product of the resident population of the administrative area and the POI comprehensive density ratio corresponding to each basic unit, wherein the product is the resident population of each basic unit;
And calculating park green land service demand of each basic unit according to the resident population number of the basic unit and the average people up to the park green land area.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluating the park green service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data, to obtain the park green service evaluation, specifically comprises:
calculating a park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area and a park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the foundation unit according to the park green land service supply quantity of the foundation unit and the park green land service demand quantity of the foundation unit;
the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area has the following calculation formula:
wherein G is entity Is the park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the research area,
park green land service demand, supply, G of the i-th base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total park green service demand and the total supply of the whole research area are respectively, and n is the number of basic units.
The park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the basic unit has the following calculation formula:
wherein,,
service of matching of supply and demand space for park greenbelt of jth basic unit, G entity Park green land service supply and demand space matching condition of the whole research area is->
Park green land service demand, supply, G of the jth base unit, respectively dm_entity 、G sp_entity The total demand and the total supply of the park green land service are respectively the whole; n is the number of base units.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the screening of potential park green site selection candidate points according to the park green site service level evaluation result specifically comprises:
performing hot spot analysis on the matching condition of the supply and demand space of the park green land service of each basic unit to obtain a Z value corresponding to the supply and demand space condition of the park green land service of each basic unit;
comparing the Z value with a preset screening standard value;
if the Z value corresponding to the park green land service supply and demand space condition of the basic unit does not exceed the screening standard value, judging the basic unit as a cold point;
the base unit determined to be a cold spot is set as a potential park green site selection candidate.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the screening the alternatives by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal solution specifically comprises:
forming a particle swarm with the alternatives as particles;
Initializing initial speeds and initial positions corresponding to all particles;
calculating an initial objective function value of each particle in the particle swarm;
setting an initial objective function value of the particle as a local optimal value corresponding to the particle, wherein the historical optimal solution is the historical optimal position of the particle;
setting the largest objective function value in the particle swarm as a global optimal value, wherein the global optimal value is the global optimal position corresponding to the particle swarm;
updating the speed and the position of the particles according to a preset updating function;
calculating an objective function value of each particle in the particle swarm;
updating the local optimal value and the global optimal value according to the objective function value;
and outputting particles corresponding to the global optimal value when the iteration number reaches the preset maximum iteration number.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the basic geographical information data comprises park greenbelt data, and the determining of park greenbelt service areas according to the basic geographical information data comprises:
invoking a city park database, wherein city park data is stored in the city park database, and the city park data at least comprises park names and park green areas;
Determining park green land grades and corresponding park green land service radiuses according to the park green land areas and the city policies;
obtaining road network data, wherein the road network data at least comprises park greenbelt exit and entrance data;
performing topology inspection and repair on the road network data;
disconnecting the intersection of the line segments in the road network according to the road network data;
setting the park greenbelt exit and entrance as facility points;
taking the facility point as a starting point, extending along a road where the facility point is located until the extension length reaches the park green land service radius corresponding to the park where the facility point is located, and forming a service area range corresponding to the facility point;
and calculating and determining the park greenbelt service range according to the facility points corresponding to the park greenbelt.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, prior to said dividing the region of interest into the plurality of base units:
and screening the park green land data, and eliminating invalid data.
8. Park green scheme evaluation and optimization device based on GIS model, characterized in that the device includes:
a basic geographic information acquisition module (301) for acquiring basic geographic information data;
A basic geographic information processing module (302) for preprocessing the basic geographic information data;
the green land service level evaluation module (303) is used for evaluating the park green land service level of the research area according to the preprocessed basic geographic information data to obtain a park green land service level evaluation result;
a potential green land site selection candidate point module (304) for screening potential park green land site selection candidate points according to the park green land service level evaluation result;
an alternative scheme generating module (305) for randomly extracting potential park green land site selection alternative points according to a preset quantity value to form a plurality of alternative schemes, wherein the alternative schemes comprise a plurality of potential park green land site selection alternative points;
and the alternative scheme optimizing module (306) is used for screening the alternative scheme by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal scheme.
9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program capable of being loaded by the processor and performing the method according to any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored which can be loaded by a processor and which performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN116797434A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-22 | 深圳市蕾奥规划设计咨询股份有限公司 | Data management and three-dimensional visualization system for urban park greenbelts |
| CN116993182A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Double-scale urban green space comprehensive service capability measurement and evaluation method |
| CN117522192A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-02-06 | 南京市市政设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method and system for supporting intelligent map of urban physical examination and forming report |
| CN117610992A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-27 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Space location method, device and equipment for prefabricated vegetable industrial park and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116797434A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-22 | 深圳市蕾奥规划设计咨询股份有限公司 | Data management and three-dimensional visualization system for urban park greenbelts |
| CN116797434B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-04-02 | 深圳市蕾奥规划设计咨询股份有限公司 | Data management and three-dimensional visualization system for urban park greenbelts |
| CN116993182A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Double-scale urban green space comprehensive service capability measurement and evaluation method |
| CN116993182B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-29 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Double-scale urban green space comprehensive service capability measurement and evaluation method |
| CN117522192A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-02-06 | 南京市市政设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method and system for supporting intelligent map of urban physical examination and forming report |
| CN117522192B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-05-14 | 南京市市政设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method and system for supporting intelligent map of urban physical examination and forming report |
| CN117610992A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-27 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Space location method, device and equipment for prefabricated vegetable industrial park and storage medium |
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