CN109598039B - Symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe and design method thereof - Google Patents
Symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of branch pipes and design thereof, and particularly discloses a design method of a symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe and the symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe designed and manufactured by the method, aiming at solving the problem that the existing design method of the symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe has higher requirements on experience of designers. According to design requirements, the design method of the symmetrical three-fork beam type bifurcated pipe firstly determines a bifurcation angle omega and the axes of each branch pipe by taking the axis and a bifurcation point of a main pipe as a reference, then designs basic cones of the main pipe and the branch pipes, then determines an intersecting line, designs transition cones of the main pipe and the branch pipes, and finally designs a reinforcing beam; the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe is disassembled in a component mode and designed step by step, so that a reasonable control parameter system is favorably set for each component, the aim of adjusting body type parameters is clear, the influence chain of each parameter is short, the design difficulty is reduced, and the experience requirement of designers is not high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of branch pipes and design thereof, and particularly relates to a symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe and a design method thereof.
Background
The branch pipe is an important component for flow splitting and flow combining in a pressure water delivery system of a hydropower station, and the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe is one of the most common branch pipes. As shown in fig. 1, the symmetrical three-branch beam-type branch pipe is mainly composed of a main pipe a, a first branch pipe B, a second branch pipe C, a third branch pipe D, and a reinforcing beam E, and is a spatial curved surface thin-walled structure with a complicated body shape, and is generally made of steel, and the intersecting lines of the pipes at the branching portion intersect at one point. The main pipe A, the first branch pipe B, the second branch pipe C and the third branch pipe D all generally comprise a basic cone, a transition cone and a choke plug, and the basic cones of the pipes are connected into a whole.
The main branch pipe and the branch pipe of the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe are four in total, the parameter influence relation of each space curved surface is complicated, and the design is carried out by adopting a characteristic line operation method in the prior art. Firstly, successively drawing up the length of a waist line and the folding angle of the waist line of each pipe section of the bifurcated pipe; and then, calculating half cone angles, common tangent spherical radii and branch pipe waist line break points of corresponding pipe sections through waist line break angles, and determining the body type of the branch pipe. The existing design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe has high requirements on experience of designers, once design parameters are selected unreasonably or master-slave relation is reversed, geometric contradiction occurs on curved surfaces of pipe joints, and body type results cannot be obtained. Moreover, the influence chain of the parameters is long, a certain parameter adjustment can cause a large amount of adjustment of pipe joint body types during body type design, the difficulty of combing the mutual influence relationship of the tracing parameters is high, once an error occurs, the error reason is difficult to trace, the design often has to be started from the beginning, the design workload is large, and the working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of a symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe, and aims to solve the problem that the existing design method of the symmetrical three-branch-shaped beam type branch pipe has higher requirements on experience of designers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe comprises the following steps:
step one, taking the axis and the bifurcation point of the main pipe as a reference, and determining a bifurcation angle omega and the axes of the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe and the third branch pipe according to design requirements, wherein omega is less than 90 degrees;
step two, firstly, determining the maximum radius R of the main pipe according to the design requirementAHalf cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the main pipeAMaximum radius R of the first branch pipeBAnd half cone angle alpha of basic cone of first branch pipeB(ii) a Secondly, taking the bifurcation point as the spherical center of the common tangent sphere of the basic cones of the main pipe, the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe and the third branch pipe, and according to RA、RB、αAAnd alphaBDetermining the radius R of the common tangent sphere0(ii) a Finally, the half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the second branch pipe is calculatedCHalf cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the third branch pipeDHalf cone angle alpha with the basic cone of the first branch pipeBEqual;
step three, determining the intersecting line of any two basic cones by the intersection point of the waist lines of the two basic cones;
step four, respectively designing transition cones section by section from the basic cone to the far branch direction for the main pipe, the first branch pipe, the second branch pipe and the third branch pipe; the number of the sections of the transition cone is n, n is an integer and is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4; the cone side lines of all sections of the transition cone are equal, and the half cone angle of each section is linearly changed by taking n as an independent variable;
and step five, taking the intersecting line of any two adjacent basic cones as a datum line, and designing a reinforcing beam corresponding to the datum line according to an elliptic curve equation.
Further, in the second step, the radius R of the common sphere0Calculated by formula 1;
RO＝K×RA… … … … … … … … equation 1;
wherein K is the expanding coefficient of the bifurcated pipe, and is more than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 1.15.
Further, in the fourth step, the transition cone is in smooth transition connection with the corresponding basic cone, and each section of the transition cone is in smooth transition connection.
Further, in the fifth step, the reinforcing beam comprises a reinforcing beam inner contour line and a reinforcing beam outer contour line, and each parameter of the reinforcing beam inner contour line and the reinforcing beam outer contour line is calculated by the following formula;
ao＝a+Lo… … … … … … … … … equation 3;
ai＝a-Li… … … … … … … … … equation 5;
wherein L is the horizontal projection length of the elliptical arc section of the intersecting line as the datum line;
a is the horizontal semi-axis of the ellipse of the intersecting line as the datum line;
b is the elliptical vertical half axis of the intersecting line as a reference line;
h is the half height in the vertical direction of the elliptical arc of the intersecting line as a reference line;
aiis a horizontal half shaft of the inner contour ellipse of the stiffening beam;
biis a vertical half shaft of the inner contour ellipse of the stiffening beam;
Lithe horizontal inward extension width of the inner contour line of the stiffening beam;
Hithe size of the inner contour line of the stiffening beam extending inwards in the vertical direction is the same as the size of the inner contour line of the stiffening beam extending inwards in the vertical direction;
aois a horizontal half shaft of the outline ellipse of the stiffening beam;
bois a vertical half shaft of the outline ellipse of the stiffening beam;
Lothe horizontal extending width of the outer contour line of the reinforcing beam;
Hois the vertical overhanging size of the outer contour line of the reinforcing beam.
Further, the design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe also comprises a sixth step;
and step six, designing a choke plug at the far fork end of the basic cone or the transition cone.
Further, the choke plug is in a semi-ellipsoid shape or a semi-hemisphere shape.
Further, α isA、αB、αCAnd alphaDAre all less than 20.
Further, the design requirements include design parameter requirements including a design head and a density, an elastic modulus, and a poisson's ratio of the selected build material.
The invention also provides a symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe which is convenient to design and manufacture and meets the use requirement, and the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe is designed and manufactured by any one of the design methods of the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe.
Further, the symmetrical three-pronged beam type bifurcated pipe is made of steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to design requirements, the design method of the symmetrical three-fork beam type bifurcated pipe firstly determines a bifurcation angle omega and the axes of each branch pipe by taking the axis and a bifurcation point of a main pipe as a reference, then designs basic cones of the main pipe and the branch pipes, then determines an intersecting line, designs transition cones of the main pipe and the branch pipes, and finally designs a reinforcing beam; the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe is disassembled and designed step by step in a component mode, so that a reasonable control parameter system is favorably set for each component, the aim of adjusting body type parameters is clear, the influence chain of each parameter is short, the design difficulty is reduced, and the experience requirement of designers is not high; meanwhile, the whole design process of the method is clear, the overall control of the body type of the branch pipe in the design process is facilitated, and the design technical level of the body type of the branch pipe is improved, so that the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe which is reasonable in body type, reasonable and controllable in stress level and economical in materials can be designed quickly and reliably.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a symmetrical three-pronged beam type bifurcated pipe;
FIG. 2 is a design drawing of a downstream base cone;
FIG. 3 is a design label drawing of a four-section transition cone;
FIG. 4 is a design label drawing of a reinforcement beam;
labeled as: a main tube a, a first branch tube B, a second branch tube C, a third branch tube D, a reinforcement beam E, a branch point 0, a intersecting line 10 as a reference line, a reinforcement beam inner contour line 20, and a reinforcement beam outer contour line 30.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a method for designing a symmetrical three-pronged beam type bifurcated pipe includes the following steps:
step one, taking the axis of the main pipe A and a bifurcation point 0 as a reference, and determining a bifurcation angle omega and the respective axes of a first branch pipe B, a second branch pipe C and a third branch pipe D according to design requirements, wherein omega is less than 90 degrees; the design requirements comprise design parameter requirements which generally comprise a design water head, material density, material elastic modulus, material poisson ratio and the like;
designing a basic cone; firstly, the maximum radius R of the main pipe A is determined according to the design requirementAHalf cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the main tube AAMaximum radius R of first branch pipe BBAnd half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the first branch pipe BB(ii) a Secondly, the spherical center of the common tangent sphere of the basic cones of the main pipe A, the first branch pipe B, the second branch pipe C and the third branch pipe D is taken as a branch point O, and the spherical center is determined according to RA、RB、αAAnd alphaBDetermining the radius R of the common tangent sphere0(ii) a Finally, the half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the second branch pipe C is calculatedC(ii) a Since the symmetrical three-branch beam type bifurcated pipe is symmetrical about the axis of the main pipe A, the half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the third branch pipe DDOf a basic cone with the first branch BHalf cone angle alphaBEqual; usually the maximum radius R of the second branch CcAnd the maximum radius R of the third branch pipe DDIs also predetermined according to design requirements; generally make alphaA、αB、αCAnd alphaDAre all less than 20 degrees; in this step, the radius R of the common tangent sphere0Calculated by formula 1;
RO＝K×RA… … … … … … … … equation 1;
wherein K is the expanding coefficient of the bifurcated pipe, and is more than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 1.15;
in step two, the half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the second branch pipe CCThe following method is preferably used for calculation: as shown in connection with fig. 2, LA1 and LA2 represent the waist lines of the basic cone of the main tube a, LB1 and LB2 represent the waist lines of the basic cone of the first branch tube B, LC1 represents the waist lines of the basic cone of the second branch tube C, and LD1 and LD2 represent the waist lines of the basic cone of the third branch tube D; firstly, determining intersection points P1 and P2 of the waist line of the basic cone of the main pipe A and the waist line of the basic cone of the first branch pipe B, connecting P1 and P2 and intersecting with the axis of the main pipe A at a point P; secondly, the line passing through point P is perpendicular to the axis of main pipe a, intersecting LA1 with point P3, which intersects LA2 with point P4; finally, a tangent line LC2 of the second branch pipe C and the common tangent sphere is drawn through a point P3, a tangent line LC2 is also the waist line of the basic cone of the second branch pipe C, and an included angle between a tangent line LC2 and the axis of the basic cone of the second branch pipe C is the half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the second branch pipe CC；
Step three, determining the intersecting line of any two basic cones by the intersection point of the waist lines of the two basic cones;
step four, respectively designing transition cones section by section from the basic cone to the far branch direction for the main pipe A, the first branch pipe B, the second branch pipe C and the third branch pipe D; the number of the sections of the transition cone is n, n is an integer and is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4; the cone side lines of all sections of the transition cone are equal, and the half cone angle of each section is linearly changed by taking n as an independent variable; in the step, the transition cone is connected with the corresponding basic cone in a smooth transition way, and all sections of the transition cone are connected in a smooth transition way; the sections of the transition cones are generally sequentially ordered from the basic cone to the far fork direction, and the half cone angle alpha of the first section of the transition conefHalf cone angle of second section transition cone(n-1)/nαfHalf cone angle (n-2)/n alpha of third section transition conefHalf cone angle (n-3)/n alpha of fourth section transition conef(ii) a For example, the transition cone shown in FIG. 3 has a pitch of 4, LfRepresenting the conic edge length of each section; sequencing all the sections of the transition cones from the basic cone to the far fork direction in sequence, wherein the half cone angle of each section of the transition cone is alpha in sequencef、3/4αf、2/4αfAnd 1/4 alphaf；
And step five, taking the intersecting line of any two adjacent basic cones as a datum line, and designing a stiffening beam E corresponding to the datum line according to an elliptic curve equation. The size of the reinforcement beam E is generally determined according to design requirements.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, in the fifth step, the reinforcing beam E includes a reinforcing beam inner contour line 20 and a reinforcing beam outer contour line 30, and each parameter of the reinforcing beam inner contour line 20 and the reinforcing beam outer contour line 30 is calculated by the following formula;
ao＝a+Lo… … … … … … … … … equation 3;
ai＝a-Li… … … … … … … … … equation 5;
wherein, L is the horizontal projection length of the elliptical arc segment of the intersecting line 10 as the datum line;
a is the elliptical horizontal half axis of the intersecting line 10 as a reference line;
b is the elliptical vertical half axis of the intersecting line 10 as a reference line;
h is the half height in the vertical direction of the elliptical arc of the intersecting line 10 as a reference line;
aiis a horizontal half shaft of the inner contour ellipse of the stiffening beam;
biis a vertical half shaft of the inner contour ellipse of the stiffening beam;
Liis the horizontal overhanging width of the inner contour line 20 of the reinforcing beam;
Hiis the vertical overhanging size of the inner contour line 20 of the reinforcing beam;
aois a horizontal half shaft of the outline ellipse of the stiffening beam;
bois a vertical half shaft of the outline ellipse of the stiffening beam;
Lois the horizontal overhanging width of the reinforcing beam outer contour line 30;
Hois the vertical overhang dimension of the reinforcement beam outer contour line 30.
In the fifth step, the elliptic curve equation of the inner contour line of the reinforcing beam E is
The elliptic curve equation of the outer contour line of the reinforcing beam E is
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe further comprises a sixth step;
and step six, designing a choke plug at the far fork end of the basic cone or the transition cone. The choke plug is used for sealing the pipeline to carry out a pressing test, and the choke plug is cut off when the branch pipe is formally installed; in order to ensure the closure effect of the closure and to facilitate the production, the closure is preferably designed as a semi-ellipsoidal or hemispherical structure.
Specifically, the design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe further comprises a seventh step;
and seventhly, outputting the design result. The design result generally comprises a three-dimensional model of the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe, a geometrical characteristic parameter of the branch pipe body type, a non-geometrical parameter of the branch pipe and the like.
In order to improve the design efficiency, the design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe usually further comprises intelligent body type parameter control, wherein the intelligent body type parameter control comprises basic judgment and compliance judgment.
The basic judgment belongs to forced judgment, namely, in the design process of the body types of all components of the bifurcated pipe, when the surface operation geometry is not solved due to unreasonable parameter values, a false alarm is triggered; whether the branch pipe body type can not be established due to unreasonable parameters is basically judged. Half cone angle alpha of basic cone such as bifurcation angle omega ≦ main tube AAIn this case, the basic cone of the first branch tube B does not stand. The basic judgment has the function of ensuring the reasonability of body type parameter values in the design process, specifically, the value range of subsequent parameters is solved through the design parameters drawn by the preamble in the design process, and the drawn design parameter values and the solved value range are compared and judged.
The compliance judgment is the judgment of the parameter value domain range based on the specification and the design experience, namely when the body type parameters are not consistent with the planned design parameter range due to unreasonable design parameters, a reminding alarm is triggered. And the compliance judgment mainly provides experience values and standard requirements of various body type parameters, is stricter than a geometric solution of basic judgment, and is generally embodied in the value range of each half cone angle, the welding seam interval, the radius expansion coefficient of a common sphere and the like in the step two.
Preferably, the intelligent control of the body type parameters further comprises an intelligent value taking function; the intelligent value taking function is that after a reasonable value range is obtained by basic judgment and compliance judgment of the previous sequence steps, if a design value does not meet the requirement of the value range, an available parameter value is selected in the value range, and when the value range has upper and lower limits, a value is taken in the upper and lower limit ranges; and when the range of the value range only has the lower limit, taking m times of the lower limit, wherein m is more than 1. In the process, the value range of the analysis parameter is calculated according to the associated parameter, and a reasonable value is given to the error and alarm parameters; the intelligent value taking function is started usually at the same time of triggering error warning and reminding warning.
Through intelligent control of body shape parameters, warning prompts can be sent out when the structural parameters are unreasonable, intelligent values can be taken for the parameters, the work that designers comb parameter logic influence relationships is reduced, the compliance and effectiveness of design results are guaranteed, and the quality of the design results is improved. In the intelligent parameter judgment process, the geometric feasible range of the parameters can be provided for designers in time when the parameters are unreasonable, the designers can conveniently grasp the space scale of the branch pipe in time, reasonable parameter values can be selected quickly, and the design efficiency is greatly improved. The design method of the symmetrical three-fork-shaped beam type branch pipe also takes the requirements of numerical simulation calculation into overall consideration during structure disassembly and parameter setting, constructs complete finite element calculation basic data, achieves the aim that the structural design result is consistent with the finite element calculation data, and is favorable for realizing seamless connection with the CAD \ CAE working process.
The design method of the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe provided by the invention can improve the technical level of the design of the body type of the branch pipe, is favorable for quickly and reliably designing the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe which has reasonable body type, reasonable and controllable stress level and economic materials, has clear design flow and definite target of body type parameter adjustment, can reduce the design difficulty and improve the design efficiency.
The invention also provides a symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe which is designed and manufactured by any one of the design methods of the symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe. The symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe is convenient to design and manufacture, small in workload, high in efficiency and capable of meeting the requirements of stress control, hydraulic conditions, construction structures and the like. The symmetrical, three-pronged beam-type bifurcated pipe may be made from a variety of materials, preferably steel.
Claims (9)
1. The design method of the symmetrical three-forked beam type bifurcated pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining a bifurcation angle omega and the respective axes of a first branch pipe (B), a second branch pipe (C) and a third branch pipe (D) according to design requirements by taking the axis of a main pipe (A) and a bifurcation point (O) as references, wherein omega is less than 90 degrees;
step two, firstly, determining the maximum radius R of the main pipe (A) according to the design requirementAHalf cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the main tube (A)AThe maximum radius R of the first branch pipe (B)BAnd half of the basic cone of the first branch pipe (B)Cone angle alphaB(ii) a Then, the spherical center of the common tangent sphere of the basic cones of the main pipe (A), the first branch pipe (B), the second branch pipe (C) and the third branch pipe (D) is taken as a branch point (O), and the spherical center is determined according to RA、RB、αAAnd alphaBDetermining the radius R of the common tangent sphereO(ii) a Finally, the half cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the second branch pipe (C) is calculatedCHalf cone angle alpha of the basic cone of the third branch (D)DHalf cone angle alpha with the basic cone of the first branch pipe (B)BEqual;
step three, determining the intersecting line of any two basic cones by the intersection point of the waist lines of the two basic cones;
step four, respectively designing transition cones section by section from the basic cone to a far branch direction for the main pipe (A), the first branch pipe (B), the second branch pipe (C) and the third branch pipe (D); the number of the sections of the transition cone is n, n is an integer and is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4; the cone side lines of all sections of the transition cone are equal, and the half cone angle of each section is linearly changed by taking n as an independent variable;
fifthly, taking the intersecting line of any two adjacent basic cones as a datum line, and designing a reinforcing beam (E) corresponding to the datum line according to an elliptic curve equation, wherein the reinforcing beam (E) comprises a reinforcing beam inner contour line (20) and a reinforcing beam outer contour line (30), and each parameter of the reinforcing beam inner contour line (20) and the reinforcing beam outer contour line (30) is calculated by the following formula;
ao＝a+Lo… … … … … … … … … equation 3;
ai＝a-Li… … … … … … … … … equation 5;
wherein L is the horizontal projection length of the elliptical arc section of the intersecting line (10) as a datum line;
a is an elliptical horizontal semi-axis of the intersecting line (10) as a reference line;
b is the elliptical vertical half axis of the intersecting line (10) as a reference line;
h is the half height in the vertical direction of the elliptical arc of the intersecting line (10) as a reference line;
aiis a horizontal half shaft of the inner contour ellipse of the stiffening beam;
biis a vertical half shaft of the inner contour ellipse of the stiffening beam;
Liis the horizontal inward extension width of the inner contour line (20) of the reinforcing beam;
Hiis the vertical inward extension size of the inner contour line (20) of the reinforcing beam;
aois a horizontal half shaft of the outline ellipse of the stiffening beam;
bois a vertical half shaft of the outline ellipse of the stiffening beam;
Lois the horizontal extending width of the outer contour line (30) of the reinforcing beam;
Hois the vertical overhang dimension of the reinforcement beam outer contour line (30).
2. The method of designing a symmetrical three-pronged beam bifurcation of claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the radius R of the common tangent sphereOCalculated by formula 1;
RO＝K×RA… … … … … … … … equation 1;
wherein K is the expanding coefficient of the bifurcated pipe, and is more than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 1.15.
3. The method of designing a symmetrical three-pronged beam bifurcation of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the transition cone is in smooth transition connection with the corresponding basic cone, each section of the transition cone is in smooth transition connection, the cone edge lines of each section of the transition cone are equal, and the half cone angle of each section is linearly changed by taking n as an independent variable.
4. The method of designing a symmetrical three-pronged beam bifurcation of claim 1, wherein: further comprises a sixth step;
and step six, designing a choke plug at the far fork end of the basic cone or the transition cone.
5. The method of designing a symmetrical tri-forked beam bifurcated pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the choke plug is in a semi-ellipsoidal shape or a semi-hemispherical shape.
6. A method of designing a symmetrical tri-forked beam bifurcated pipe as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: alpha is alphaA、αB、αCAnd alphaDAre all less than 20.
7. A method of designing a symmetrical tri-forked beam bifurcated pipe as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the design requirements include design parameter requirements including a design head and a density, an elastic modulus, and a poisson's ratio of the selected build material.
8. Symmetrical three-branch beam type branch pipe is characterized in that: the symmetrical three-forked beam-type bifurcated pipe is designed and manufactured by the design method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The symmetrical, bifurcated beam-type bifurcated pipe of claim 8, wherein: is made of steel.
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