CN109596519A - A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adhesion strength measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adhesion strength measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adhesion strength measuring device and measuring method, it is related to concrete spraying test device technical field, including base, concrete pallet, vertical columns, fixed cross beam, horizontal slider, tension dynamometer, piece fixture and host, host is arranged in base, concrete pallet is arranged above base, vertical columns are arranged on base, the both ends of fixed cross beam are connected to the upper of vertical columns, screw mechanism is provided on the vertical columns connecting with fixed cross beam, horizontal slider is set on fixed cross beam, tension dynamometer is provided with below horizontal slider, the lower end of tension dynamometer is provided with piece fixture, tension dynamometer is by data transfer to host.Rule that the present apparatus can measure the normal direction of test specimen wall surface concrete spraying and tangential adhesion strength changes with time, to provide foundation for research concrete spraying rebound law, in addition the present invention also has structure simple, easy to use, assembles the advantages that flexible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to concrete spraying test device technical fields, especially a kind of for measuring gunite concrete time-varying
The measuring device of adhesion strength and the method for measuring adhesion strength using the device.
Background technique
During concrete ejection, gunite concrete and interface hit after there are two kinds of trend, first be to be adhered to
On interface, attached wall is referred to as deposited, second refers to that being detached from wall surface is known as material rebound, and the reason of causing both trend is mixed with injection
The time-varying adhesion strength for coagulating soil has very big correlation, but quasi- there is no carrying out for the adherency of gunite concrete interface time-varying at present
The device really measured.In addition the concrete of different ratio is of different sizes to the adhesion strength of wall surface, due to being unable to measure different coagulations
The adhesion strength of soil, therefore cannot reasonably select the proportion of gunite concrete.For the Interface Adhesion for studying gunite concrete time-varying
Power size, while being optimization gunite concrete proportion and stir mixing time etc., there is an urgent need to one kind in the art can be quasi-
The really device of measurement gunite concrete interface time-varying adherency, provides technical support for gunite concrete, to facilitate carry out coagulation
Native jet test.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of being changed over time for the normal direction for solving measurement test specimen wall surface concrete spraying and tangential adhesion strength, this
Invention provides a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adhesion strength measuring device and measuring method, and specific technical solution is as follows.
A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device, including base, concrete pallet, vertical columns, fixed cross
Beam, horizontal slider, tension dynamometer, piece fixture and host；Concrete pallet is arranged above base, and vertical columns fixation is set
It sets on base；The both ends of fixed cross beam are connected to the upper of vertical columns, are provided on the vertical columns being connected with fixed cross beam
Screw mechanism is provided with positioning lock bearing up pulley on fixed cross beam；Horizontal slider is set on fixed cross beam, is provided with below horizontal slider
Tension dynamometer；The lower end of tension dynamometer is provided with piece fixture, and tension dynamometer is by data transfer to host.
Preferably, host is arranged in base, and the motor of screw mechanism is fixed on base, and printing is connected on host
Machine, data-interface and display.
Preferably, it is provided with laser locating apparatus on fixed cross beam and vertical columns, for leveling test specimen wall surface；Pulling force
Dynamometer is specially tension sensor, for measuring the pulling force in horizontal and vertical direction.
It may further be preferable that piece fixture includes horizontal fixing clamp and vertical fixing clamp, horizontal fixing clamp includes fixing
Triangle voussoir and sliding triangle voussoir, vertical fixing clamp includes screw rod and nut pallet.
It may further be preferable that piece fixture includes horizontal fixing clamp and vertical fixing clamp, horizontal fixing clamp includes fixing
Riser, connecting screw and nut fixed plate, vertical fixing clamp include screw rod and nut pallet.
It may further be preferable that horizontal slider is connected with the lead screw on fixed cross beam；Fixed cross beam along vertical columns at the uniform velocity
Mobile, horizontal slider is at the uniform velocity moved along fixed cross beam.
A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring method, utilizes a kind of above-mentioned gunite concrete time-varying adhesion strength to survey
Device is measured, step includes:
A. test test specimen is clamped with piece fixture, test specimen wall surface is horizontally or vertically placed, and measures the area of test specimen wall surface
S；
B. the height of fixed cross beam is fixed by positioning lock bearing up pulley；
C. it opens host and connects display and printer, carry out the zeroing of tension dynamometer, open positioning lock bearing up pulley；
D. concrete is prepared, face test specimen wall jet concrete, using scraping after concrete covers entire test specimen wall surface
Plate strikes off；
E. the motor for starting screw mechanism makes coupon level or at the uniform velocity moves vertically, while recording the measurement of tension dynamometer
Data；
F. the pulling force F of tension dynamometer measurement horizontal directionVWith the pulling force F of vertical directionH；
G. it is F that normal adhesion force, which is calculated,V/ S, tangential adhesion strength are FH/S。
The beneficial effect comprise that
(1) gunite concrete time-varying provided by the invention adheres to force measuring device, can be to the method between slurry and wall surface
It is measured to tangential adhesion strength, the adhesion strength so as to verify in gunite concrete is provided by slurry or by aggregate
This problem is provided；In addition the device can also measure normal direction and tangential adhesion strength, thus the wall surface under measuring different condition
Adhesion strength, the device pass through the adhesion strength of real-time monitoring concrete, for research concrete is changed over time with adhesion strength
Rule.
(2) the present invention also provides a kind of method measured using the measuring device and calculate normal adhesion force, master is utilized
Machine can calculate the measurement result of reaction adhesion strength in real time, and this method also has easy to operate, and measurement error is small, and can survey
The adhesion strength of different wall configurations, different wall surface sizes and different direction is measured, so that preferably simulation is practical, so that measurement
As a result practical identical with site operation.
In addition the advantages that present invention also has strong applicability, and test scope is wide, easy to operate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device front view；
Fig. 2 is gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device side view；
Fig. 3 is the test specimen traffic direction schematic diagram for measuring normal adhesion force；
Fig. 4 is the test specimen traffic direction schematic diagram for measuring tangential adhesion strength；
Fig. 5 is the gunite concrete jet stream schematic structural diagram of testing device of Parameter adjustable；
Fig. 6 is the curve that normal adhesion force and tangential adhesion strength change over time rule；
Fig. 7 is the curve that the abutment wall coefficient of resilience and the vault coefficient of resilience change over time rule；
In figure: 1- base；2- concrete pallet；3- vertical columns；4- fixed cross beam；5- horizontal slider；6- pulling force dynamometry
Meter；7- piece fixture；8- host；9- test specimen；11- hydraulic power unit；12- hydraulic cylinder；21- aggregate pipe；31- pressure fan；32- is thin
Flow tube；33- air inlet；34- transparent pipe；35- nozzle；36- is by spray plane；37- guide rail；38- sliding block；39- fixes bracket；41- work
Industry camera；42- pressure transmitter；43- shock sensors；44- gravity sensor；45- controller；46- display screen；51- machine
Seat；52- concrete pallet；53- vertical columns；54- fixed cross beam；55- horizontal slider；56- tension dynamometer；57- test specimen folder
Tool；58- host；59- test specimen.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device provided by the invention and measurement side
Method specific embodiment is as follows.
Embodiment 1
A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device specific structure includes base 1, concrete pallet 2, fixed vertical
Column 3, fixed cross beam 4, horizontal slider 5, tension dynamometer 6, piece fixture 7 and host 8, device overall structure is simple, operation side
Just.Concrete pallet 2 be arranged base 1 above, vertical columns 3 are fixed on base 1, base 1 be horizontally disposed with and
Levelling shoe is arranged in bottom, guarantees the stability of device entirety, and vertical columns 3 are vertically arranged and keep vertical with base.Gu
The both ends for determining crossbeam 4 are connected to the upper of vertical columns 3, are provided with screw mechanism on the vertical columns 3 being connected with fixed cross beam 4,
Positioning lock bearing up pulley is provided on fixed cross beam 4.Horizontal slider 5 is set on fixed cross beam 4, is provided with pulling force below horizontal slider 5
Dynamometer 6.The lower end of tension dynamometer 6 is provided with piece fixture 7, and tension dynamometer 6 is by data transfer to host 8.
Host 8 is arranged in base 1, and the motor of screw mechanism is fixed on base 1, and host 8 controls screw mechanism work,
Printer, data-interface and display are also connected on host 1, host 1 receives the measurement data of tension dynamometer, and to monitoring
Data are handled, and measurement result is obtained, and printer is connected for printing, recording monitoring result with host, and display display is surveyed
Measure data and operation indicating.Tension sensor specifically can be used in tension dynamometer 6, for measuring the drawing in horizontal and vertical direction
Power.Horizontal slider 5 is connected with the lead screw on fixed cross beam 4, and fixed cross beam 4 is at the uniform velocity moved along vertical columns 3,5 edge of horizontal slider
Fixed cross beam 4 at the uniform velocity moves.Only have the pulling force of uniform speed moving device measurement that could characterize the adhesion strength of concrete herein, uses silk
Thick stick connection can accurately guarantee that test specimen moves with uniform velocity, when fixed cross beam 4 or horizontal slider 5 move with uniform velocity, pulling force dynamometry
The adhesion strength of concrete on measured value, that is, test specimen wall surface of meter 6.
Piece fixture 7 include horizontal fixing clamp and vertical fixing clamp, horizontal fixing clamp can select fixed triangle voussoir and
Triangle voussoir is slided, sliding triangle voussoir adjusts at a distance from fixed triangle voussoir under the connection function of bolt, thus fixed
Various sizes of test specimen is convenient for clamping test specimen using triangle voussoir, in addition the thickness gauge of the thickness of triangle voussoir and test specimen
Very little to be not much different, therefore can guarantee that test specimen wall surface and concrete completely attach to, vertical fixing clamp includes screw rod and nut pallet,
Pallet changes the distance at the top of nut pallet and piece fixture along screw rod moving in rotation, thus fixed test specimen.Piece fixture 7
Including horizontal fixing clamp and vertical fixing clamp, horizontal fixing clamp can also use fixed vertical plate, connecting screw and nut fixed plate,
Vertical fixing clamp includes screw rod and nut pallet, is controlled by the connection of nut pallet and screw rod and clamps various sizes of examination
Part.After the fixed test specimen 9 of piece fixture 7, need to fill using the laser positioning being arranged on fixed cross beam 4 and vertical columns 3
It sets, for leveling test specimen wall surface, or the angle of adjustment test specimen wall surface.
A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring method, utilizes a kind of above-mentioned gunite concrete time-varying adhesion strength to survey
Device is measured, step includes:
A. test test specimen piece fixture 7 is clamped, 9 wall surface of test specimen is horizontally or vertically placed, and measures simultaneously calculation testing piece wall
9 wall surface area of test specimen is input in host and is kept records of by the area S that face can be contacted with gunite concrete.
B. adjustment test specimen facilitates the movement of fixed cross beam 4 and horizontal slider 5, passes through positioning lock to suitable height and position
Bearing up pulley fixes the height of fixed cross beam.
C. it opens host 8 and connects display and printer, carry out the zeroing of tension dynamometer 6, open positioning lock bearing up pulley.
D. concrete is prepared, face test specimen wall jet concrete, using scraping after concrete covers entire test specimen wall surface
Plate strikes off.
E. the motor for starting screw mechanism makes coupon level or at the uniform velocity moves vertically, while recording the measurement of tension dynamometer
Data.
F. the pulling force F of tension dynamometer measurement horizontal directionVWith the pulling force F of vertical directionH。
G. it is F that normal adhesion force, which is calculated,V/ S, tangential adhesion strength are FH/S。
Embodiment 2
The beneficial effect and application method that force measuring device is adhered to for further instruction gunite concrete time-varying, to measurement
The method of concrete ejection rebound degree is described in detail, can be using the gunite concrete jet stream test device of Parameter adjustable
The jet power that different concrete are measured in laboratory measures concrete in conjunction with a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device
Normal adhesion force and tangential adhesion strength so as to calculate the vault rebound degree and metope rebound degree of concrete ejection be mixed
The theoretical research of solidifying soil whitewashing provides foundation.
A method of measurement concrete ejection rebound degree, specifically using the gunite concrete in embodiment 1 when become sticky
The time-varying adhesion strength of attached force measuring device measurement concrete, and utilize a kind of gunite concrete jet stream test device of Parameter adjustable
Measure the jet power of concrete.
The gunite concrete jet stream test device specific structure of one of Parameter adjustable includes hydraulic system, pumping system
System, spraying system and monitoring system, hydraulic system includes hydraulic power unit 11 and hydraulic cylinder 12, for height needed for providing hydraulic cylinder
Pressure oil liquid controls hydraulic cylinder works；Pumping system includes aggregate pipe 21, and aggregate pipe 21 is for providing concrete；Spraying system packet
Pressure fan 31, thin flow tube 32, air inlet 33, transparent pipe 34 and nozzle 35 are included, spraying system provides power for concrete ejection
And control the jet velocity of concrete；Monitoring system includes industrial camera 41, pressure transmitter 42, shock sensors 43 and again
Power inductor 44 monitors the parameters during system monitoring concrete ejection, carries out to preferably adjust nozzle parameter
Concrete ejection quantitative test.The present apparatus realizes feeding speed during concrete ejection, injection direction and jet power
Flexible modulation, and equipment materials are few, are easy to use the concrete of different ratio to carry out jet test, to improve test
Efficiency, the performance for preferably research concrete ejection provide theoretical foundation.
Hydraulic power unit 11 is connected with hydraulic cylinder 12, hydraulic cylinder 12 be connected with aggregate pipe 21 push aggregate pipe in concrete,
One end of thin flow tube 32 connects aggregate pipe 21, and the other end connects nozzle 35, air inlet 33 and pressure are provided in thin flow tube 32
Power transmitter 42, pressure transmitter 42 monitor in air inlet 33 and thin flow tube 32.The front of nozzle 35 is arranged by spray plane 36,
Shock sensors 43 are provided with for monitoring the jet power of concrete, by the sliding block of spray plane 36 and lower part by the back side of spray plane 36
Between be provided with gravity sensor 44, for monitoring the concrete quality being adhered to by spray plane 36.Hydraulic cylinder 12, aggregate pipe
21, thin flow tube 32 and nozzle are coaxially arranged, support base are provided between hydraulic cylinder 12 and fuselage, between aggregate pipe 21 and fuselage
It is provided with support base, support base adjusts the inclination angle of hydraulic cylinder and aggregate pipe so as to adjust the spray angle of nozzle.Aggregate pipe 21
Diameter is 50~89mm, is tested to be convenient for changing different concrete, and hydraulic power unit 11 adjusts the pumping of hydraulic cylinder 12
Velocity interval be 0.2m/s~2m/s, progressive adjusting in the range of 0~2m/s of the delivery rate of aggregate pipe 21, in the range
It carries out concrete ejection test to can satisfy most of being test requirements document, the length of transparent pipe 34 is 300mm, facilitates industrial camera
Visualizing monitor.
It is fixed by between spray plane 36 and sliding block 38 using card slot and nut, so as to replace and move by spray plane 36, by
Spray plane 36 is in rectangle, and the front by spray plane 36 is opposite with the outlet of nozzle, is connected on fixed bracket 39 by the back side of spray plane 36.
It is arranged vertically by spray plane, nozzle 35 sprays in the horizontal direction, the lower part of spray plane 36 is provided with sliding block, sliding block 38 and by spray plane 36
Between be provided with gravity sensor 44；Sliding block 38 is arranged on guide rail to be slided along guide rail 37, and the setting of guide rail 37 is in fixed bracket 39
On, fixed bracket 39, which can be fixedly installed, may be set to be moveable steel construction.
Hydraulic power unit 11 is connected with hydraulic cylinder 12, hydraulic cylinder 12 in aggregate pipe 21 stretch push concrete, concrete into
After entering thin flow tube 32, pressure fan 31 connects air inlet 33, is blown by the air inlet in thin flow tube 32 to thin flow tube 32.
Pressure transmitter or vortex-shedding meter, flow in measurement pipe are provided on air inlet 33 and thin flow tube 32.Industrial camera 41
The top of transparent pipe is set, and camera is directed at transparent pipe, monitors the practical mobility status of concrete.Industrial camera 41, pressure
Transmitter 42, shock sensors 43 and gravity sensor 44 are connected with controller, and controller 45 is connected with display screen 46.
The method tested using the gunite concrete fluidic device of Parameter adjustable utilizes a kind of above-mentioned Parameter adjustable
Gunite concrete jet stream test device tested, the specific steps of test include: firstly, installation is by spray plane 36, adjustment by
The distance between spray plane 36 and jet hole, and the angle by 35 injection direction of spray plane 36 and nozzle.Then, start hydraulic system
1, pumping system 2 and spraying system 3, by 35 gunite concrete of nozzle, industrial camera 41, pressure become while concrete ejection
Send device 42, shock sensors 43 and gravity sensor 44 that monitoring data are transmitted to controller.Finally, controller 45 is according to prison
The rate of pumping of the feedback adjustment hydraulic pump of examining system 4 and the air-supply air quantity of pressure fan, adjust concrete ejection jet power and
Flow.Wherein the calculation formula of jet power is P=FL/(πR2)；Wherein FLFor the monitor value of shock sensors, R is concrete
In the deposition radius by spray plane.Utilize the method for above-mentioned gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device measurement time-varying adhesion strength
Specific steps include:
A. test test specimen is clamped with piece fixture, test specimen wall surface is horizontally or vertically placed, and measures simultaneously calculation testing piece wall surface
Test specimen wall surface area is input in host and is kept records of by the area S that can be contacted with gunite concrete.
B. adjustment test specimen facilitates the movement of fixed cross beam and horizontal slider, passes through positioning and locking to suitable height and position
Wheel fixes the height of fixed cross beam.
C. it opens host and connects display and printer, carry out the zeroing of tension dynamometer, open positioning lock bearing up pulley.
D. concrete is prepared, face test specimen wall jet concrete, using scraping after concrete covers entire test specimen wall surface
Plate strikes off.
E. the motor for starting screw mechanism makes coupon level or at the uniform velocity moves vertically, while recording the measurement of tension dynamometer
Data.
F. the pulling force F of tension dynamometer measurement horizontal directionVWith the pulling force F of vertical directionH。
G. it is F that normal adhesion force, which is calculated,V/ S, tangential adhesion strength are FH/S。
Utilize the method for the jet power of the gunite concrete jet stream test device measurement concrete of Parameter adjustable in embodiment 1
Specific steps include: firstly, installation is adjusted by spray plane 36 by the distance between spray plane 36 and jet hole 35, and is measured nozzle and arrived
By the distance between spray plane, and by the angle of spray plane and nozzle.Then, start hydraulic system, pumping system and spraying system,
By nozzle gunite concrete, industrial camera, pressure transmitter, shock sensors and gravity sensing while concrete ejection
Monitoring data are transmitted to controller by device, can be adjusted by sliding block during this by between spray plane 36 and nozzle 35 away from
From.Finally, controller is adjusted according to the rate of pumping of the feedback adjustment hydraulic pump 12 of monitoring system and the air-supply air quantity of pressure fan
The jet power F of concrete ejectionPAnd flow.The monitoring data for reading the display for the display screen 46 being connected with controller, obtain not
Jet power under being adjusted with rate of pumping and air-supply air quantity, and it is capable of the jet power of real-time monitoring concrete, and then study mixed
Coagulate the rule that the jet power of soil changes over time.
In coefficient of resilience measurement test, first with the jet power of gunite concrete jet stream test device measurement concrete, then
The nozzle alignment gunite concrete time-varying of gunite concrete jet stream test device is adhered into force measuring device, further according to measurement
As a result the coefficient of resilience is calculated, in which:
Vault coefficient of resilience K1=(P-F1)/P*100%；
Abutment wall coefficient of resilience K2=(P-F2)/P*100%；
K in formula1, K2The coefficient of resilience at vault and abutment wall is respectively referred to, rebound tendency in this is characterized；P is unit injection
Power, unit Pa, F1For normal adhesion force, F2For tangential adhesion strength.
According to the coefficient of resilience that concrete spraying is calculated, the method for measuring the coefficient of resilience is further to study concrete
Proportion and nozzle parameter provide theoretical foundation, and improve concrete spraying technology according to this.
Embodiment 3
On the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, by taking the test specimen of sandstone production as an example, the injection that the ratio of mud is 0.5 is made
Concrete, measurement three different duration of mixings wall surface normal adhesion force and tangential adhesion strength, thus study adhesion strength when
Become rule.And the measurement changed over time in conjunction with jet power, it is further to calculate the vault coefficient of resilience and the abutment wall coefficient of resilience.?
The injection and time-varying adherence test at the scene of carrying out on the basis of this can calculate returning based on time-varying parameter at the different parts of tunnel
Play coefficient.
Jet power is measured using the gunite concrete jet stream test device of Parameter adjustable, measuring process specifically includes:
Step 1. installation and commissioning equipment keeps the pumping of equipment and pneumatic transmission operating condition identical as the operating condition of actual ejection concrete,
Specially adjustment 12 rate of pumping of hydraulic cylinder is 1.2m/s, and pressure fan air supply velocity is 25m/s.
Step 2. installation is adjusted by spray plane 36 by the distance between spray plane 36 and nozzle 35 and angle, specially nozzle
35 distance 1.2m, nozzle 35 are sprayed with by vertical 90 ° of spray plane 36.
Step 3. is 0.5 according to actual parameters adjusting gunite concrete material, specially the proportion ratio of mud, cement: thin
Aggregate: the ratio of coarse aggregate is 1:1.5:2.25, and fill expects aggregate pipe 21 after fully mixing.
Step 4. opens the sensing such as industrial camera 41, pressure transmitter 42, shock sensors 43 and gravity sensor 44
Device.Then start spraying system first, after waiting the pressure transmitter data of gas outlet steady, open hydraulic system and pumping
System carries out material injection, while the peak curve F of the shock sensors record impact force at wall surfaceL.Make after the completion of injection
Spraying of material is measured in the deposition radius R by spray plane with vernier caliper.
Step 5. takes the calculating of peak impact power progress unit jet power P, calculation formula P=FL/(πR2), the present embodiment
Middle jet power P is averaged through measuring three times, calculated result P=552Pa.
It is changed with time rule using a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device measurement concrete adhesive power
Test procedure include:
Step A. rock sample 9 is taken in the rock for carrying out tunnel spray operation, and test specimen is cut using cutting machine
For the square plate test coupon 9 of size 3cm*3cm*1cm, rock after test specimen wall surface is excavated without any processing with accurate characterization
Initial state, test specimen is washed, is dried with overlay film until test carries out after cutting.
When step B. test starts, calibration instrument is horizontal first, then mobile using host adjustment fixture left-right and front-back,
Coupon level is placed on fixture, screwed in place screw, while being opened host and being inputted the area of contact wall surface in host interface
Parameter.
Step C. opens positioning lock bearing up pulley and carries out the zeroing of tension measurement meter.
Step D. carries out the mix of concrete, in the host record time since mix, mix according to the proportion at scene
5 minutes, 10 minutes, three time intervals were used to study the temporal behavior of adhesion strength within 15 minutes.
Step E. fully mix after material, three time intervals are respectively perpendicular wall jet concrete, use after spray is full
Scraper plate strikes off concrete along wall surface frame.Wherein coagulation is carried out using a kind of gunite concrete jet stream test device of Parameter adjustable
The injection of soil.
Step F. uses the gunite concrete time-varying adherency force measuring device to adjust so that rock wall surface and gunite concrete
Jet face comes into full contact with, and the motor for starting screw mechanism keeps coupon level or vertical at the uniform velocity 0.0005m/s mobile, while remembering respectively
Record the measurement data of tension dynamometer.
The ratio of pulling force and area when wherein test specimen moves vertically is the normal adhesion force at interface, when coupon level moves
Pulling force and area ratio be the tangential adhesion strength in interface, the value of adhesion strength is shown on panel, and is printed on a printer.
The calculation formula of adhesion strength:
In formula: F1- normal adhesion force；F2- normal adhesion force, Pa；
FvThe pulling force of-horizontal direction；FHThe pulling force of-vertical direction, N；
S-wall surface contact area.
Test result changes with time rule as shown in fig. 6, obtaining concrete adhesion strength in the different mixing times.Into
One step calculates the coefficient of resilience according to measurement result,
Vault coefficient of resilience K1=(P-F1)/P*100%；
Abutment wall coefficient of resilience K2=(P-F2)/P*100%；
K in formula1, K2The coefficient of resilience at vault and abutment wall is respectively referred to, rebound tendency in this is characterized；P is unit injection
Power, unit Pa, F1For normal adhesion force, F2For tangential adhesion strength.
The relation curve for obtaining the coefficient of resilience and time is as shown in Figure 7.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adheres to force measuring device, which is characterized in that including base, concrete pallet, fix and stand
Column, fixed cross beam, horizontal slider, tension dynamometer, piece fixture and host；The concrete pallet is arranged above base,
Vertical columns are fixed on base；The both ends of the fixed cross beam are connected to the upper of vertical columns, are connected with fixed cross beam
Vertical columns on be provided with screw mechanism, positioning lock bearing up pulley is provided on fixed cross beam；It is arranged on the fixed cross beam horizontal
Sliding block, horizontal slider lower section are provided with tension dynamometer；The lower end of the tension dynamometer is provided with piece fixture, pulling force dynamometry
It counts data transfer to host.
2. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying according to claim 1 adheres to force measuring device, which is characterized in that the host
Be arranged in base, the motor of the screw mechanism is fixed on base, be connected on the host printer, data-interface and
Display.
3. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying according to claim 1 adheres to force measuring device, which is characterized in that the fixation
It is provided with laser locating apparatus on crossbeam and vertical columns, for leveling test specimen wall surface；The tension dynamometer is specially pulling force
Sensor, for measuring the pulling force in horizontal and vertical direction.
4. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying according to claim 2 adheres to force measuring device, which is characterized in that the test specimen
Fixture includes horizontal fixing clamp and vertical fixing clamp, and horizontal fixing clamp includes fixed triangle voussoir and slides triangle voussoir, vertically
Fixing clamp includes screw rod and nut pallet.
5. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying according to claim 2 adheres to force measuring device, which is characterized in that the test specimen
Fixture includes horizontal fixing clamp and vertical fixing clamp, and horizontal fixing clamp includes fixed vertical plate, connecting screw and nut fixed plate, is erected
Straight fixing clamp includes screw rod and nut pallet.
6. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying according to claim 3 or 4 adheres to force measuring device, which is characterized in that described
Horizontal slider is connected with the lead screw on fixed cross beam；The fixed cross beam is at the uniform velocity moved along vertical columns, the horizontal slider edge
Fixed cross beam at the uniform velocity moves.
7. a kind of gunite concrete time-varying adheres to force measuring method, which is characterized in that using described in any one of claim 1 to 5
A kind of gunite concrete time-varying adhere to force measuring device, step includes:
A. test test specimen is clamped with piece fixture, test specimen wall surface is horizontally or vertically placed, and measures the area S of test specimen wall surface；
B. the height of fixed cross beam is fixed by positioning lock bearing up pulley；
C. it opens host and connects display and printer, carry out the zeroing of tension dynamometer, open positioning lock bearing up pulley；
D. concrete is prepared, face test specimen wall jet concrete is scraped after concrete covers entire test specimen wall surface using scraper plate
It is flat；
E. the motor for starting screw mechanism makes coupon level or at the uniform velocity moves vertically, while recording the measurement number of tension dynamometer
According to；
F. the pulling force F of tension dynamometer measurement horizontal directionVWith the pulling force F of vertical directionH；
G. it is F that normal adhesion force, which is calculated,V/ S, tangential adhesion strength are FH/S。
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| CN111795724A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-20 | 山东科技大学 | Adjustable electronic temperature control three-dimensional sprayed concrete performance test experimental device and method |
| CN111795724B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-09-24 | 山东科技大学 | Adjustable electronic temperature control three-dimensional sprayed concrete performance test experimental device and method |
| CN112730231A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Test device and determination method for measuring tangential adhesion of soil and solid interface |
| CN113466058A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-01 | 王永雪 | Fixing performance detection device for steel structure engineering and use method |
| CN118136129A (en) * | 2024-05-10 | 2024-06-04 | 四川农业大学 | Method for simulating injection-rebound molecular power under injection pressure of glue materials with different fineness |
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