CN109596462B - Three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental equipment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109596462B CN109596462B CN201811252760.6A CN201811252760A CN109596462B CN 109596462 B CN109596462 B CN 109596462B CN 201811252760 A CN201811252760 A CN 201811252760A CN 109596462 B CN109596462 B CN 109596462B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental equipment, which comprises a column body, wherein a spraying mechanism, a source layer, a solid-phase sampling layer and a liquid-phase sampling layer are sequentially arranged in the column body from top to bottom, a dielectric layer is arranged between the source layer and the solid-phase sampling layer, and between the solid-phase sampling layer and the liquid-phase sampling layer, the solid-phase sampling layer comprises a solid-phase sampling layer dielectric body, a plurality of sampling holes are arranged on the solid-phase sampling layer dielectric body, a solid sample to be sampled is placed in each sampling hole, and a permeable membrane is wrapped on the outer side of the solid sample to be sampled; the liquid phase sampling layer includes liquid phase sampling layer medium body, is equipped with a plurality of liquid taking pipes in the liquid phase sampling layer medium body, and the open-top of liquid taking pipe extends to the surface of liquid phase sampling layer medium body, and the open-top of liquid taking pipe covers there is the osmotic membrane. The device adopts a multi-layer cylinder structure which can be freely assembled, and the collection steps of solid and liquid phase samples are greatly simplified by separating the sample collection layer from the medium layer, so that the problem of difficult sample acquisition is fundamentally solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of research on migration characteristics of three-dimensional radionuclides, in particular to three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental equipment.
Background
Leaching experiments are always the main research means for researching the migration characteristic of the radioactive nuclide in the aeration zone and the radioactive nuclide dissolution behavior in radioactive contaminated soil and uranium ore waste residues. The leaching experiment can be divided into a one-dimensional leaching experiment, a two-dimensional leaching experiment and a three-dimensional leaching experiment according to the migration direction of the radionuclide, wherein the three-dimensional experiment is a research mode which can reflect the actual migration rule of the nuclide objectively.
For a three-dimensional leaching experiment, the difficulty of the experiment is mainly concentrated on the collection of liquid phase and solid phase samples in different migration directions (X, Y, Z), the traditional solution method is to adopt a cylinder disintegration mode, solid phase medium samples with different longitudinal depths and transverse planes are taken out through cylinder cutting equipment, and the liquid phase sample can only collect tail discharge liquid. This way of sampling on the one hand generates large amounts of radioactive waste and, if mishandled, causes large amounts of pollution; on the other hand, prolonged exposure to radioactive samples can greatly increase laboratory personnel dose. Therefore, for radioactive three-dimensional leaching experiments, an experimental device which can simplify the sampling steps and improve the precision of experimental samples is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental device comprises a cylinder body, wherein a spraying mechanism, a source layer, a solid-phase sampling layer and a liquid-phase sampling layer are sequentially arranged in the cylinder body from top to bottom, the number of the solid-phase sampling layer and the number of the liquid-phase sampling layer are multiple, the solid-phase sampling layer and the liquid-phase sampling layer are distributed in the cylinder body in a staggered mode, a medium layer is arranged between the source layer and the solid-phase sampling layer, and a medium layer is arranged between the solid-phase sampling layer and the liquid-phase sampling layer;
the source item layer comprises a source item layer permeable membrane fixed on the column body, and a radioactive release source and a solid medium mixture with poor adsorbability are uniformly paved on the source item layer permeable membrane;
the solid phase sampling layer comprises a solid phase sampling layer medium body, a plurality of sampling holes are formed in the solid phase sampling layer medium body, a solid sample to be sampled is placed in each sampling hole, and a permeable membrane is wrapped on the outer side of the solid sample to be sampled;
the liquid phase sampling layer includes liquid phase sampling layer medium body, is equipped with a plurality of liquid taking pipes in the liquid phase sampling layer medium body, and the open-top of liquid taking pipe extends to the surface of liquid phase sampling layer medium body, and the open-top of liquid taking pipe covers there is the osmotic membrane.
Further, the spraying mechanism comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed spray heads arranged at the tops of the columns, a distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of each spray head and provided with a plurality of distribution holes, and the distribution plate is located above the source layer.
Further, the solid medium in the source layer is quartz.
Further, the bottom of cylinder is equipped with the tail liquid collecting layer, and the cylinder below is equipped with a plurality of tail liquid sampling bottles of being connected with the tail liquid collecting layer, and the overflow pipe is connected to one side of cylinder bottom, is equipped with the switch on the overflow pipe.
Furthermore, the medium in the medium layer is formed by decomposing field-retrieved undisturbed experimental medium according to layer height and layer number.
Further, the inner wall of the column body is subjected to roughening treatment.
Further, the spray head is connected with a water supply pipe.
Further, the main part is formed by the concatenation of multistage cylinder unit, threaded connection or welding between the cylinder unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device adopts a multi-layer cylinder structure which can be freely assembled, and the sample collection layer (a plurality of solid phase sampling layers and liquid phase sampling layers which are arranged in a staggered mode) is separated from the medium layer, so that the collection steps of solid and liquid phase samples are greatly simplified, the problem of difficulty in obtaining the samples is fundamentally solved, and the precision and the quality of the samples are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a liquid phase sampling layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a solid phase sampling layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of sampling holes on the solid phase sampling layer medium body according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental apparatus comprises a column body 1, a main body is formed by splicing a plurality of sections of column body units, the column body units are connected or welded by screw threads, a spraying mechanism 2, a source layer 3, a solid phase sampling layer 4 and a liquid phase sampling layer 5 are sequentially arranged in the column body 1 from top to bottom, the number of the solid phase sampling layer 4 and the number of the liquid phase sampling layer 5 are multiple and are distributed in the column body in a staggered manner, a medium layer 6 is arranged between the source layer 3 and the solid phase sampling layer 4, and a medium layer 6 is arranged between the solid phase sampling layer 4 and the liquid phase sampling layer 5; the medium in the medium layer 6 is formed by decomposing field-retrieved undisturbed experiment media according to layer height and layer number.
The soil column experiment is mainly used for researching the migration behavior of radioactive nuclides in environmental media (including soil, rocks and the like) or researching the dissolution behavior of the radioactive nuclide after the radioactive nuclide occurrence media (such as radioactive tailing slag, soil polluted by radioactivity and the like) are leached by water, the experimental media of the dielectric layer 6 in the invention comprise the environmental media and the radioactive nuclide occurrence media, generally speaking, the experimental media of the dielectric layer 6 can be divided into two types including disturbance experimental media (such as artificially filled soil columns after soil is taken back from the field) and undisturbed experimental media (soil samples are directly filled according to the soil column requirements in the field environment), and at present, the research tends to use the undisturbed experimental media (because the undisturbed experimental media can reflect the real field environmental conditions).
The source layer 3 comprises a source layer permeable membrane 31 fixed on the column body 1, and a radioactive release source and a solid medium mixture with poor adsorbability are uniformly paved on the source layer permeable membrane 31. The solid medium in the source layer is quartz.
Solid phase sampling layer 4 includes solid phase sampling layer medium body 41, is equipped with a plurality of thief holes 42 on the solid phase sampling layer medium body 41, places the solid in the thief hole 42 and treats sample 43, and the sample outside parcel osmotic membrane 44 is treated to the solid, and this membrane has little, the strong characteristics that just can keep apart solid phase medium completely to radionuclide adsorption, toughness.
It should be noted that, according to different experimental purposes, the type of the solid sample 43 to be sampled is different, for example, when the dissolution mechanism of the radionuclide in the radioactive tailing waste residue is studied, the solid sample 43 to be sampled is the tailing; when studying the migration behavior of radionuclides in a soil medium, the solid sample to be taken 43 is soil. The solid sample to be sampled is embodied as a radionuclide-forming medium or a migration retarding medium at a specific position.
The liquid phase sampling layer 5 comprises a liquid phase sampling layer medium body 51 and a liquid phase sampling layer medium body 51, and the material of the solid phase sampling layer medium body 41 is the same as that of the medium layer 6.
A plurality of liquid taking pipes 52 are arranged in the liquid phase sampling layer medium body 51, the top of each liquid taking pipe 52 is opened and extends to the surface of the liquid phase sampling layer medium body 51, and the top openings of the liquid taking pipes 52 are covered with permeable membranes 53. The film has the characteristics of small adsorption effect on radioactive nuclide, strong toughness and capability of completely isolating solid-phase media.
The spraying mechanism 2 comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed spray heads 21 arranged at the top of the column body 1, the spray heads 21 are connected with a water supply pipe, a distribution plate 22 is arranged at the bottom of the spray heads 21, a plurality of distribution holes are formed in the distribution plate 22, and the distribution plate 22 is positioned above the source layer 3.
Further, the bottom of cylinder 1 is equipped with tail liquid collecting layer 7, and 1 below is equipped with a plurality of tail liquid sampling bottles 8 of being connected with tail liquid collecting layer 7, and overflow pipe 9 is connected to one side of cylinder 1 bottom, is equipped with switch 10 on overflow pipe 9.
Further, the permeable membrane material of the source item layer permeable membrane 31 and the permeable membrane 53 is an experimental material mainly using a dialysis principle to analyze a solid medium and a liquid medium, and is mainly applied to conditions such as macromolecule purification, protein concentration and the like at present, and the material is Regenerated Cellulose (RC).
Furthermore, the inner wall of the column body 1 is roughened to reduce the generation of tube wall flow, the quantity and position of the liquid phase sampling layer 5 and the solid phase sampling layer 4 can be freely combined according to the experimental design requirement, the arrangement principle is that the solid phase sampling layer 4 is arranged on the upper side of the liquid phase sampling layer 5, and the quantity of the liquid phase sampling layer 5 is reduced as much as possible, when in processing, water (liquid) sprayed by the spray head 21 is firstly positioned on the flow distribution plate 22, is uniformly guided out through the flow distribution plate 22 and enters the medium layer 6, then enters the solid phase sampling layer 4, after the solid sample is covered with the permeable membrane and is embedded into the experimental medium, the liquid freely flows, the solid phase sampling layer is separated and taken out during sampling, when the liquid flows into the liquid phase sampling layer 5, the liquid enters the liquid taking tube 52 through the permeable membrane 53, except the sample permeating into the liquid taking tube 52, the rest of the liquid continuously flows downwards, and the liquid phase sampling layer can be taken out after the experiment is finished, and the pipette gun is used to draw the liquid out of the pipette 52. In addition, the bottom of cylinder 1 is equipped with tail liquid collecting layer 7, and cylinder 1 below is equipped with a plurality of tail liquid sampling bottles 8 of being connected with tail liquid collecting layer 7, and overflow pipe 9 is connected to one side of cylinder 1 bottom, is equipped with switch 10 on overflow pipe 9, can collect the tail liquid through tail liquid sampling bottles 8, and unnecessary tail liquid can discharge through overflow pipe 9.
The specific operation method of the equipment is as follows:
(3) method of operation
Calculating the spraying intensity and configuring experimental water according to the experimental design requirements;
determining the size and width of the column and the number and distribution of sampling layers through a pre-experiment and a digital-analog result;
filling an experimental medium into the column body, and connecting a plurality of column body units to form an integral column body structure to form leaching experimental equipment;
opening the spray head, connecting an air suction and filtration pump if an air-covered zone environment is constructed, stopping the experiment and splitting the column body after the experiment time is up, and obtaining an experiment sample;
and fifthly, ending the experiment.
The device adopts a multi-layer cylinder structure which can be freely assembled, and the sample collection layer (a plurality of solid phase sampling layers and liquid phase sampling layers which are arranged in a staggered mode) is separated from the medium layer, so that the collection steps of solid and liquid phase samples are greatly simplified, the problem of difficulty in obtaining the samples is fundamentally solved, and the precision and the quality of the samples are improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental device comprises a cylinder body and is characterized in that a spraying mechanism, a source layer, a solid-phase sampling layer and a liquid-phase sampling layer are sequentially arranged in the cylinder body from top to bottom, the number of the solid-phase sampling layer and the number of the liquid-phase sampling layer are multiple, the solid-phase sampling layer and the liquid-phase sampling layer are distributed in the cylinder body in a staggered mode, a medium layer is arranged between the source layer and the solid-phase sampling layer, and a medium layer is arranged between the solid-phase sampling layer and the liquid-phase sampling layer;
the source item layer comprises a source item layer permeable membrane fixed on the column body, and a radioactive release source and a solid medium mixture with poor adsorbability are uniformly paved on the source item layer permeable membrane;
the solid phase sampling layer comprises a solid phase sampling layer medium body, a plurality of sampling holes are formed in the solid phase sampling layer medium body, a solid sample to be sampled is placed in each sampling hole, and a permeable membrane is wrapped on the outer side of the solid sample to be sampled;
the liquid phase sampling layer includes liquid phase sampling layer medium body, is equipped with a plurality of liquid taking pipes in the liquid phase sampling layer medium body, and the open-top of liquid taking pipe extends to the surface of liquid phase sampling layer medium body, and the open-top of liquid taking pipe covers there is the osmotic membrane.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spraying mechanism comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed nozzles disposed on the top of the column, and a flow distribution plate is disposed on the bottom of the nozzles and has a plurality of flow distribution holes, and the flow distribution plate is disposed above the source layer.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid medium in the source cladding is quartz.
4. The three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental facility as claimed in claim 3, wherein a tail liquid collecting layer is provided at the bottom of the column, a plurality of tail liquid sampling bottles connected with the tail liquid collecting layer are provided below the column, one side of the bottom of the column is connected with an overflow pipe, and a switch is provided on the overflow pipe.
5. The three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental facility of claim 1, wherein the medium in the medium layer is decomposed by layer height and layer number for the original experimental medium retrieved in the field.
6. The three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the inner wall of the column body is roughened.
7. The three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the spray head is connected with a water supply pipe.
8. The three-dimensional radioactive leaching experimental facility according to claim 2, wherein the column is formed by splicing a plurality of sections of column units, and the column units are connected by screw threads or welded.
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| CN109813634B (en) * | 2019-01-01 | 2021-07-20 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Improved electromigration experimental method for acquiring nuclide migration parameters |
| CN112730569B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-03-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Electromigration device and method for acquiring nuclide migration parameters |
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