CN109595967A - The radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation - Google Patents
The radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109595967A CN109595967A CN201811411266.XA CN201811411266A CN109595967A CN 109595967 A CN109595967 A CN 109595967A CN 201811411266 A CN201811411266 A CN 201811411266A CN 109595967 A CN109595967 A CN 109595967A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composite plate
- heat
- connection sheet
- piece
- high efficiency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/06—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being attachable to the element
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fins of high efficiency and heat radiation, apply lower, the low technical problem of radiating efficiency that solves traditional radiating fin air intake efficiency in heat dissipation equipment field, its key points of the technical solution are that a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, including composite plate and interior turbulent piece;The composite plate is equipped with two panels, and the side of the composite plate is extended with drainage piece, and the direction that drainage piece is directed away from composite plate is extended with connection sheet, is formed with fluid channel between composite plate described in two panels;The interior turbulent piece is arranged in stereo channel;Two composite plates are symmetrically set;Having the technical effect that for having is directly connected to by connection sheet and opposite connection sheet or composite plate, is reduced the contact surface area of air-flow Yu radiating fin perpendicular contact, is increased intake, to improve radiating efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat dissipation equipment field, in particular to the radiator heat-dissipation fin of a kind of high efficiency and heat radiation.
Background technique
Automobile radiators are typically mounted on automobile, and its role is to reduce air themperature, sent out with reducing for automobile radiators
The thermic load of motivation improves air inflow, and then increases the power of engine, and mainly play heat spreading function in automobile radiators is scattered
Hot fin.
Currently, as shown in Figure 1, radiating fin in the market, generally by composite plate 1, strip of paper used for sealing 9, the interior turbulent combination of piece 2 and
At when air-flow and strip of paper used for sealing 9 and the collision of composite plate 1, most of air-flow is repelled back.Although this radiating fin can be used in
Heat dissipation, but radiating fin air intake efficiency is lower, radiating efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fins of high efficiency and heat radiation, its advantage is that passing through connection sheet and phase
Pair connection sheet or composite plate be directly connected to, reduce the contact surface area of air-flow Yu radiating fin perpendicular contact, increase into
Air quantity, to improve radiating efficiency.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of radiator of high efficiency and heat radiation
Radiating fin, including composite plate and interior turbulent piece;
The composite plate is equipped with two panels,
The side of the composite plate is extended with drainage piece, and the direction that drainage piece is directed away from composite plate is extended with connection sheet, two panels
Fluid channel is formed between the composite plate;The interior turbulent piece is arranged in stereo channel;
Two composite plates are symmetrically set.
Through the above technical solutions, fluid channel passes through for fluid, fluid generates turbulent flow by interior turbulent sector-meeting, thus more
Heat exchange is adequately carried out, and more fully carries out heat exchange with interior turbulent piece and composite plate, so that fluid preferably will be warm
Amount is dispersed into air;Connection sheet is used to connect with opposite composite plate or connect with the connection sheet in opposite composite plate, and
It does not need to be attached two panels composite plate using strip of paper used for sealing, reduces tie point, let out to reduce fluid in fluid channel
The risk of leakage;It in radiator in use, air-flow is first contacted with connection sheet, then spreads out, drains towards the two sides of connection sheet
Piece can guide the gap location of side wall towards the two neighboring radiating fin of air-flow fitting composite plate to flow, to improve air inlet
Amount, preferably improves air intake efficiency, and then improve radiating efficiency.
The present invention is further arranged to: the interior turbulent piece is section in continuous rectangle, triangle or sinusoidal waveform
Periodical meander-like.
Through the above technical solutions, fluid channel is separated into multiple narrow channels by interior turbulent flow piece, fluid is being transported at a slow speed
It is flowed in a manner of laminar flow when dynamic, the heat-conductive characteristic between the molecule of fluid is weaker at this time;When fluid with higher speed into
When entering into narrow channel, the inner wall in fluid and channel collides, and carries out rebound repeatedly, makes between the molecule of fluid
Heat-conductive characteristic enhancing, so that more heats are transmitted to composite sheet and interior turbulent on piece, further external air-flow will
Heat in composite sheet is dispersed into the air of surrounding, and then preferably improves the efficiency of heat dissipation.
The present invention is further arranged to: the composite plate two sides are equipped with drainage piece, extend on drainage piece described in two panels
There is connection sheet.
Through the above technical solutions, the connection sheet in two panels composite plate is bonded to each other, two panels composite plate is linked together,
The strip of paper used for sealing between composite plate is eliminated, so that composite plate junction and the area of the air-flow perpendicular contact to come head-on are smaller, is subtracted
Lack the rebound of air-flow, to increase the circulation of gas, increases ventilation rate, and then improve radiating efficiency.
The present invention is further arranged to: the opposite side of connection sheet described in two panels is respectively equipped with the linking of interlaced occlusion
Tooth.
Through the above technical solutions, linking tooth is mutually twisted the contact area increased between connection sheet, so that connection
The stronger stabilization of connection between piece, so that composite plate is more stable when in use.
The present invention is further arranged to: the connection sheet is equipped with solder layer towards the side of linking tooth or connecting groove.
Through the above technical solutions, the fusing point of solder layer is molten lower than connection sheet, composite plate, drainage piece and interior turbulent piece
Point, so as to be melted the solder layer in the connection sheet being bonded to each other by way of vacuum welding stove heating, thus more preferably
The connection sheet being bonded to each other is linked together, further improve the stability of composite plate when in use.
The present invention is further arranged to: the drainage piece is set from the direction inclination that the side of composite plate is directed away from composite plate
It sets.
Through the above technical solutions, two heat dissipations can be entered after air-flow rebound after air-flow and the collision of inclined drainage piece
In the gap of fin, the rebound of air-flow original road is avoided, to improve intake, improves radiating efficiency.
The present invention is further arranged to: the drainage piece is in serpentine, and the drainage piece and composite plate and connection sheet are smooth
Transition connection.
Through the above technical solutions, the junction between drainage piece and composite plate and connection sheet is made to form streamlined, subtract
The resistance to air-flow is lacked, when air-flow is contacted with drainage piece, air-flow can be bonded drainage piece and quickly pass through radiating fin, into one
The raising air intake efficiency of step, improves radiating efficiency.
The present invention is further arranged to: only side is equipped with drainage piece to the composite plate, and composite plate described in two panels is along center pair
Claim setting, the connection sheet is bonded with opposite composite plate, and the connection sheet is equipped with solder layer towards the side of composite plate.
Through the above technical solutions, only side sets drainage piece and connection sheet to composite plate, processing drainage piece and connection sheet are reduced
Workload so that difficulty of processing and production efficiency are higher;The fusing point of solder layer is than composite plate, interior turbulent piece, connection sheet and draws
The fusing point of flow is low, after composite plate, interior turbulent piece, drainage piece and connection sheet being assembled while being put into vacuum brazing stove
In, when being heated to the fusing point of solder layer, connection sheet and composite plate are securely attached to together after solder layer fusing.
The present invention is further arranged to: the composite plate, drainage piece and connection sheet are equipped with away from the side of interior turbulent piece
Carbon nanotube coating.
Through the above technical solutions, carbon nanotube coating can excite the resonance effects of metal surface, far infrared hair is improved
Efficiency is penetrated, accelerates the speed that distributes of the heat from metal surface, to preferably improve composite plate, drainage piece and connection sheet
Radiating efficiency, and then preferably improve the radiating efficiency of fin.
The another object of invention is to provide a kind of radiator, its advantage is that: radiating efficiency is improved, to enable the engine to
Preferably play performance.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of radiator, including above-mentioned
Any radiator heat-dissipation fin.
Through the above technical solutions, the radiating fin that radiator uses has preferable air intake efficiency, radiator is improved
With the heat exchanger effectiveness of air-flow, to improve the radiating efficiency of radiator
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
1. connecting composite plate using two opposite connection sheets, airflow channel is formed, reduces tie point, and reduce
The amount of air-flow rebound, to improve airflow amount, and then improves radiating efficiency;
2. linking tooth is mutually twisted the contact area increased between connection sheet, so that the connection between connection sheet is stronger
Stablize, so that radiating fin is more stable when in use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the whole structural schematic diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the part A enlarged diagram of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the drainage piece of embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is the whole structural schematic diagram of embodiment 3;
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the interior turbulent piece of embodiment 4;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the interior turbulent piece of embodiment 5.
Appended drawing reference: 1, composite plate;2, interior turbulent piece;3, drainage piece;4, connection sheet;5, fluid channel;6, it is connected tooth;7,
Solder layer;8, carbon nanotube coating;9, strip of paper used for sealing.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, including composite plate 1 and interior turbulent piece 2, composite plate 1 are equipped with two
Piece, composite plate 1 are extended with drainage piece 3 towards two sides, and there is connection sheet 4 on the direction edge that drainage piece 3 is directed away from composite plate 1;
Two panels composite plate 1 is symmetrical arranged, and the connection of two panels composite plate 1 is formed with fluid channel 5, and interior turbulent flow piece 2 is arranged in fluid channel 5
In, interior turbulent flow piece 2 is fixedly connected with composite plate 1;Composite plate 1, drainage piece 3, connection sheet 4 and interior turbulent piece 2 are all made of 3003 aluminium
Alloy is made, and composite plate 1, drainage piece 3 and connection sheet 4 are integrally formed, and is formed using aluminum alloy sheet bending;3003 aluminium alloys tool
There is preferable heating conduction, can preferably pass to the heat of fluid in fluid channel 5 to outside.
With reference to Fig. 2, drainage piece 3 is inclined to set, and drainage piece 3 is directed away from compound direction from the side of composite plate 1 and inclines
Tiltedly;When vehicle travels, when the air-flow that vehicle front welcomes is moved towards the direction of drainage piece 3, since drainage piece 3 is inclined
Shape rebounds after airflow collision, and air-flow still towards flowing in the gap of adjacent heat radiation fin, increases in the unit time by compound
The throughput on 1 surface of plate, to improve the efficiency of heat dissipation.
With reference to Fig. 3, the linking tooth 6 of interlaced occlusion is fixed on 4 opposite flank of two panels connection sheet, by being connected tooth 6
Occlusion, increase the contact area of opposite two panels connection sheet 4 so that two panels connection sheet 4 connect it is even closer, preferably
Improve sealing performance.
With reference to Fig. 3, connection sheet 4 is fixed with solder layer 7 far from the side of composite plate 1, and solder layer 7 uses 4004 aluminium alloy systems
At;When two panels composite plate 1 is installed together, the solder layer 7 in opposite connection sheet 4 is bonded to each other;4004 aluminium alloys melt
It is o'clock lower than the fusing point of 3003 aluminium alloys, when production, it is put into vacuum brazing stove after composite plate 1, inner fin are assembled, it will be warm
Degree is increased to the fusing point of 4004 aluminium alloys, and solder layer 7 links together opposite connection sheet 4 after melting, so that two panels be answered
Plywood 1 is securely attached to together.Composite plate 1 is covered with solder layer 7 close to the side of interior turbulent piece 2, and composite plate 1 is close to interior turbulent flow
After the fusing of 2 side solder layer 7 of piece, firmly interior turbulent piece 2 can be fixed with composite plate.
With reference to Fig. 3, composite plate 1 is fixed together by way of the opposite connection sheet 4 of two panels, eliminates tradition
Strip of paper used for sealing in radiating fin reduces the wind that failure welding causes the fluid in fluid channel 5 to leak so that weld is less
Danger;And reduce the area of air-flow Yu radiating fin perpendicular contact, preferably reduce after air-flow hits radiating fin and rebounds
Caused by the loss of air-flow further improve the efficiency of heat dissipation to increase the throughput contacted with composite plate 1.
Referring to figs. 2 and 3, composite plate 1, drainage piece 3 and connection sheet 4 are equipped with carbon nanometer away from the side of interior turbulent piece 2
Pipe coating 8 after the completion of welding two panels composite plate 1 and interior turbulent piece 2, then carries out the coating of carbon nanotube coating 8;Carbon nanometer
Pipe coating 8 can accelerate heat and distribute from metal surface, preferably improve the heat dissipation of composite plate 1, drainage piece 3 and connection sheet 4
Efficiency;Cooperate air-flow high speed to pass through composite plate 1 again, heat is taken away from radiating fin quickly, is further improved scattered
The thermal efficiency.
With reference to Fig. 2, the section of interior turbulent flow piece 2 is in the periodical meander-like of continuous rectangle, and interior turbulent flow piece 2 is by fluid channel
5 separations are in that multiple narrow channels, since channel is more narrow, increase the turbulent flow of fluid when fluid passes through fluid channel 5,
Promote the heat exchange between fluid.
Embodiment 2:
With reference to Fig. 4, a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, the difference from embodiment 1 is that: drainage piece 3 is in serpentine,
Drainage piece 3 is to smoothly transit to connect with the junction of composite plate 1 and connection sheet 4.When vehicle travels, vehicle front is welcome
Air-flow contacted with connection sheet 4 after be divided into two strands, under the guidance of drainage piece 3, be bonded drainage piece 3 and quickly flow to composite plate
1, the heat in composite plate 1 is taken away;The guidance of drainage piece 3 reduces the rebound of air-flow, and since drainage piece 3 is in streamline
Type, to improve air intake efficiency, improves radiating efficiency so that the speed of air-flow is faster.
Embodiment 3:
With reference to Fig. 5, a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, the difference from embodiment 1 is that: composite plate 1 only has side
Equipped with drainage piece 3, the direction that drainage piece 3 is directed away from composite plate 1 is extended with connection sheet 4;Two panels composite plate 1 is set along central symmetry
It sets, connection sheet 4 is directly bonded with composite plate 1, and connection sheet 4 is equipped with solder layer 7 towards opposite compound side.
Embodiment 4:
With reference to Fig. 6, a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, the difference from embodiment 1 is that: the section of interior turbulent flow piece 2
In the periodical meander-like of continuous triangle.
Embodiment 5:
With reference to Fig. 7, a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, the difference from embodiment 1 is that: the section of interior turbulent flow piece 2
In the periodical meander-like of continuous sinusoidal waveform.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of radiator, including above-described embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 or embodiment 4 or embodiment 5.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation, including composite plate (1) and interior turbulent piece (2);
It is characterized in that, the composite plate (1) is equipped with two panels,
The side of the composite plate (1) is extended with drainage piece (3), and the direction that drainage piece (3) is directed away from composite plate (1) is extended with
Connection sheet (4) is formed with fluid channel (5) between composite plate (1) described in two panels;The interior turbulent piece (2) is arranged logical in solid
In road;
Two composite plates (1) are symmetrically set.
2. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the interior turbulent piece (2)
It is section in the periodical meander-like of continuous rectangle, triangle or sinusoidal waveform.
3. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the composite plate (1) two
Side is equipped with drainage piece (3), and connection sheet (4) are extended on drainage piece (3) described in two panels.
4. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation according to claim 3, which is characterized in that connection sheet described in two panels
(4) opposite side is respectively equipped with the linking tooth (6) of interlaced occlusion.
5. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation according to claim 4, which is characterized in that connection sheet (4) court
Solder layer (7) are equipped with to the side of linking tooth (6) or connecting groove.
6. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of -5 any high efficiency and heat radiations according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drainage piece
(3) it is obliquely installed from the direction that the side of composite plate (1) is directed away from composite plate (1).
7. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of -5 any high efficiency and heat radiations according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drainage piece
It (3) is in arc-shaped.
8. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the composite plate (1) is only
Side is equipped with drainage piece (3), and composite plate (1) described in two panels is along center symmetric setting, the connection sheet (4) and opposite composite plate
(1) it is bonded, the connection sheet (4) is equipped with solder layer (7) towards the side of composite plate (1).
9. the radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the composite plate (1) is drawn
The side that flow (3) and connection sheet (4) deviate from interior turbulent piece (2) is equipped with carbon nanotube coating (8).
10. a kind of radiator, which is characterized in that including any radiator heat-dissipation fin in claim 1-5,8,9.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811411266.XA CN109595967A (en) | 2018-11-24 | 2018-11-24 | The radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811411266.XA CN109595967A (en) | 2018-11-24 | 2018-11-24 | The radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109595967A true CN109595967A (en) | 2019-04-09 |
Family
ID=65960342
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811411266.XA Pending CN109595967A (en) | 2018-11-24 | 2018-11-24 | The radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109595967A (en) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2453373Y (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2001-10-10 | 尉百斤 | Heat radiator for automobile |
CN2911554Y (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-06-13 | 刘仁家 | Overlapped evaporator of autocar air conditioner |
CN101311019A (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2008-11-26 | 李政 | Lamination type inside and outside fin radiator for vehicle |
CN201876158U (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-06-22 | 烟台富耐克散热器有限公司 | Pipe-type oil radiator |
CN103968313A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | Lg伊诺特有限公司 | Lighting device for vehicle, heat-radiating device and lighting device |
CN205156677U (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-04-13 | 青岛汽车散热器有限公司 | Aluminium plate making fin radiator |
CN207866026U (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-09-14 | 青岛汽车散热器有限公司 | A kind of heat radiating tube of heat radiator |
-
2018
- 2018-11-24 CN CN201811411266.XA patent/CN109595967A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2453373Y (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2001-10-10 | 尉百斤 | Heat radiator for automobile |
CN2911554Y (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-06-13 | 刘仁家 | Overlapped evaporator of autocar air conditioner |
CN101311019A (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2008-11-26 | 李政 | Lamination type inside and outside fin radiator for vehicle |
CN201876158U (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-06-22 | 烟台富耐克散热器有限公司 | Pipe-type oil radiator |
CN103968313A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | Lg伊诺特有限公司 | Lighting device for vehicle, heat-radiating device and lighting device |
CN205156677U (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-04-13 | 青岛汽车散热器有限公司 | Aluminium plate making fin radiator |
CN207866026U (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-09-14 | 青岛汽车散热器有限公司 | A kind of heat radiating tube of heat radiator |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JPH05196383A (en) | Corrugated fin type heat-exchanger | |
CN105004206B (en) | Phase transformation inhibits heat transfer heat-exchangers of the plate type | |
CN106486433B (en) | IGBT radiator | |
US20080023189A1 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
CN106793668B (en) | A kind of radiator and communication equipment | |
CN208333161U (en) | A kind of radiating fin and radiator | |
CN106918261A (en) | A kind of fin and heat exchanger | |
JPS60294A (en) | Heat exchanger utilizing foamed metal | |
CN109595967A (en) | The radiator heat-dissipation fin of high efficiency and heat radiation | |
CN211182454U (en) | Battery module liquid cooling system with high heat dissipation rate | |
CN206540340U (en) | Micro-channel condenser | |
CN106595377B (en) | A kind of forced convection device of gilled tube radiator | |
CN107917461A (en) | A kind of radiator | |
CN104427826A (en) | Heat radiation module | |
CN211702804U (en) | Micro-channel radiator | |
CN107734934A (en) | It is a kind of directly to contact communicate-type heat-pipe radiator and application method | |
CN107677155A (en) | A kind of flat heat pipe radiator | |
CN200950437Y (en) | Combination type two-sided fin heat-pipe radiator for frequency transformer | |
CN109595966A (en) | Radiator heat-dissipation fin | |
CN208330523U (en) | A kind of automobile radiators heat-dissipating pipe | |
CN207662231U (en) | A kind of board-like band fin radiator | |
CN106767089B (en) | A kind of just counter-clockwise convection device of gilled tube radiator | |
CN219511344U (en) | Intermittent runner heat exchange structure | |
WO2018176832A1 (en) | Heat radiating fin and electric oil-filled heater | |
CN113394182A (en) | Water-cooling radiator with good heat absorption performance |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190409 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |