CN109588183B - Pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation - Google Patents

Pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109588183B
CN109588183B CN201811414082.9A CN201811414082A CN109588183B CN 109588183 B CN109588183 B CN 109588183B CN 201811414082 A CN201811414082 A CN 201811414082A CN 109588183 B CN109588183 B CN 109588183B
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pruning
rotating
column
cylinder
rotating shaft
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CN109588183A (en
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郝建
贾宏炎
赵志刚
郭文福
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Experimental Center Of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy Of Forestry
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Experimental Center Of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy Of Forestry
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G3/02—Secateurs; Flower or fruit shears
    • A01G3/025—Secateurs; Flower or fruit shears having elongated or extended handles
    • A01G3/0255—Tree pruners, i.e. pruning shears carried at the end of a pole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20—Copper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G2003/007—Using spray

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a pruning method for wood-saving cultivation, which selects a single plant growing for 10-15 years and having a cultivation prospect as a pruning object, carries out artificial pruning on the pruning object in 3-4 months of each year, prunes the branches of the wood at the height of 1/2-3/5 of the pruning object in a beveling way, and maintains the pruning wound smooth, does not split and does not tear skin, and when the branches with the diameter larger than 2cm are pruned, the pruning wound formed after the pruning is smeared with callus paste. The method is simple to operate and has good practicability and market prospect.

Description

Pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation. More particularly, the invention relates to a pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation.
Background
The graticule is distributed in Zhejiang, fujian, taiwan, guangxi, guangdong, etc. The lattice wood is a precious hard wood tree species, is hard in wood, is called ironwood, is extremely corrosion-resistant, is excellent in building, process and furniture materials, is water-resistant, can be used as materials for ship boards, mast inserts, upper furniture and the like, and has extremely high application value. The branches are easy to generate in the growth process of the lattice wood, and the application value of the lattice wood with more branches is lower, so that the lattice wood is unfavorable for commercial application. The invention aims to provide a pruning method for effectively reducing the formation of dead knots in the trunks of the lattice wood and promoting the large-diameter-level non-knots cultivation of the lattice wood by manual pruning, so as to solve the current situations of more branches, poor trunk shape and more dead knots in the trunks of the lattice wood in the traditional operation and promote the efficient development of the lattice wood of the precious tree in the south of China.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.
The invention aims to provide a pruning method for wood-saving cultivation, which selects an advantage single plant growing for 10-15 years and having a cultivation prospect as a pruning object, carries out manual pruning on the pruning object in 3-4 months of each year, prunes wood branches at the height of 1/2-3/5 of the pruning object in a beveling way, maintains pruning wounds smooth, does not split and does not tear skin, and when the branches with the diameter of more than 2cm are pruned, applies a callus paste at pruning wounds formed after the pruning. The method is simple to operate and has good practicability and market prospect.
To achieve the objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a pruning method for wood-free cultivation, comprising:
s1, selecting an object: selecting good wood forest by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, and selecting an advantage single plant with the culture prospect growing for 10-15 years from the good green wood forest as a pruning object;
s2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 3-4 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 1/2-3/5 tree of the pruning object, and when the branches with the diameter larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling way, and the pruning wound is kept smooth, does not split and does not tear skin.
Preferably, the pruning method for wood-free cultivation of the check wood comprises the following steps of: 20-30 parts of 50% sodium humate, 0.2-0.8 part of copper sulfate crystal, 0.2-0.5 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.2-0.4 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.02-0.06 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.02-0.06 part of borax, 0.1-0.3 part of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 1.0-1.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium benzoate, 0.3-0.8 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.08-0.12 part of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.5-1.0 part of 8-hydroxyquinoline copper and 50-80 parts of water.
Preferably, the method for pruning the wood-free cultivation comprises the steps of carbonizing branch-discarding powder with a weight of 10-25, luffa fragments with a particle size of 10-20 mu m with a weight of 10-20, essential balm with a weight of 2-6 and paraffin oil with a weight of 2-6, wherein the method for preparing the carbonized branch-discarding powder comprises the following steps: collecting pruned abandoned branches, removing leaves to obtain abandoned branches, spraying ginger water with the mass fraction of 10% into the abandoned branches, airing and cutting the abandoned branches to obtain abandoned branch fragments, placing the abandoned branch fragments into a combustion furnace with the oxygen concentration of 8%, heating the abandoned branch fragments at 80-120 ℃ for 40-60min, cooling and crushing the abandoned branch fragments to obtain carbonized abandoned branch powder, wherein the mass ratio of the abandoned branches to the ginger water is 30-50:1.
Preferably, in the pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation of the lattice wood, the manual pruning adopts a pruning device to prune, and the pruning device comprises:
the fixing cylinder is of a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, and the left side of the fixing cylinder is opened, so that an arc-shaped plate is formed at the right end of the fixing cylinder and connected with the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixing cylinder;
the rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the left side of the fixed cylinder, two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected with the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder in a rotating way, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by a first motor arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder, a first pulley and a second pulley are respectively arranged on the side wall of the rotating shaft from top to bottom, and the first pulley is driven to rotate by a second motor arranged in the rotating shaft;
the telescopic column is arranged below the fixed cylinder and fixedly connected with the fixed cylinder, a third pulley is arranged on the outer side wall of the lower part of the telescopic column, and a handle is arranged on the third pulley;
the direction adjusting mechanism is positioned below the second pulley and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and comprises:
the outer cylinder is of a hollow cylinder structure which is horizontally arranged, one end of the outer cylinder is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, the other end of the outer cylinder is arranged in an opening way, and an electromagnet which is electrically connected with a battery arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder is arranged on the inner end surface of one end of the outer cylinder;
the limiting column is horizontally arranged right above the outer cylinder and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, the length of the limiting column is not greater than that of the outer cylinder, a sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the free end of the limiting column, one end, close to the rotating shaft, of the sleeve is in sliding clamping connection with the side wall of the limiting column, and the other end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the free end of the limiting column through a first spring;
the rotating column is of a hollow cylinder structure, the rotating column is arranged close to one end of the outer cylinder in an open mode, the upper portion of one end of the rotating column is hinged to the upper portion of the other end of the outer cylinder, and the upper portion of the outer side wall of the rotating column is fixedly connected with the first pulley through a first rope;
the ejector pad, its level cover is established cylinder structure in the urceolus, the external diameter of ejector pad equals the internal diameter of spliced pole, the one end of ejector pad through the second spring that the level set up with the interior terminal surface rigid coupling of urceolus one end, be equipped with on the terminal surface of the one end of ejector pad with the magnetic stripe that electro-magnet magnetism is inhaled mutually, the ejector pad sets up to: when the electromagnet is not electrified and the rotating column is in a horizontal position, the other end of the pushing block penetrates out of the outer cylinder and enters the rotating column under the action of the second spring, and one end of the pushing block is positioned in the outer cylinder so as to keep the rotating column and the outer cylinder on the same horizontal line; when the electromagnet is electrified, the push block is completely positioned in the outer cylinder, at the moment, the second motor is started to enable the first pulley to rotate so as to draw the rotating column to rotate around the hinge position of the rotating column and the outer cylinder, and one side, close to the rotating shaft, of the rotating column is abutted against the limiting column so as to fix the rotated position of the rotating column; when the electromagnet is not electrified and the rotating column is not in a horizontal position after rotating, the other end of the pushing block is abutted against the inner wall of the rotating column so as to assist in fixing the position of the rotating column after rotating;
one scissor handle of the scissors is fixedly connected with the other end of the rotating column, and the other scissor handle is fixedly connected with the third pulley through the second rope body through the second pulley, so that the distance between the two scissor handles of the scissors is adjusted through rotating the third pulley.
Preferably, in the pruning method for wood-saving cultivation, a fluorescent lamp electrically connected with the battery is arranged on the inner side of the top surface of the fixed cylinder.
Preferably, in the pruning method for wood-saving cultivation, a camera is arranged on the inner side of the top surface of the fixed cylinder, the camera is in communication connection with a display screen arranged on the lower portion of the telescopic rod, and the camera and the display screen are electrically connected with the battery.
Preferably, in the pruning method for wood-saving cultivation, a sprayer electrically connected with the battery is arranged on the outer side of the right end of the fixed cylinder, and the sprayer is filled with callus cream.
Preferably, in the pruning method for wood-saving cultivation, when the rotating column is horizontally arranged, the distance from the tip end of the scissors to the rotating shaft is not greater than the distance from the rotating shaft to the arc plate, so that the scissors are accommodated in the fixed cylinder when the rotating shaft rotates to a certain position.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the dominant single plant with the culture prospect growing for 10-15 years is manually pruned in 3-4 months of each year, and the branches of the 1/2-3/5 tree are pruned in a beveling mode, so that the pruning method is simple to operate and has good practicability and market prospect.
2. When branches with the diameter larger than 2cm are trimmed, a wound healing paste is smeared at a trimmed wound formed after trimming, wherein the wound healing paste comprises carbonized branch discarding powder, loofah sponge fragments, essential balm and paraffin oil, the carbonized branch discarding powder is prepared by burning and carbonizing branch discarding stems after defoliation, the carbonized branch discarding powder enhances the fusion degree of the wound healing paste, reduces the rejection and increases the healing speed of the wound; the luffa fragments enhance the air permeability of the wound healing paste, improve the respiration intensity of the wound and increase the healing speed of the wound; the essential balm has the effect of expelling parasites, and reduces the infection degree of wounds; the paraffin oil has good high-temperature stability, is not easy to volatilize, and keeps the stability of the callus ointment.
3. The invention provides a pruning device for manual pruning, which comprises a fixed cylinder, a rotating shaft, a telescopic column, a direction adjusting mechanism and scissors, so that the pruning device can prune the branches with different heights and directions through the direction adjusting mechanism and the telescopic column, and the convenience of manual pruning is improved.
4. According to the pruning device, the camera and the display screen are arranged to monitor the pruning process in real time, so that the accuracy of manual pruning is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the trimming device in one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the steering mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples and drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same and to refer to the description.
It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an object: selecting a dominant single plant growing for 10 years and having a culture prospect from the good green wood forest as a pruning object by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, wherein the four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height are divided into full scores by 10, the index scoring standards are shown in table 1, and the comprehensive scoring score requirement of the dominant single plant is more than 7;
TABLE 1 Graded wood morphology index scoring criteria
S2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 3 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 1/2 tree of the pruning object, and when branches with diameters larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling way, and the pruning wound is kept smooth, does not split and does not tear skin.
Example 2:
the invention provides a pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an object: selecting a dominant single plant growing for 15 years and having a culture prospect from the good green wood forest as a pruning object by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, wherein the four factors are divided into full scores by 10 according to the growth quantity, the dry shape, the branch height and the branch diameter below 1/2 tree height, the index grading standards are shown in table 1, and the comprehensive grading score requirement of the dominant single plant is more than 7;
TABLE 1 Graded wood morphology index scoring criteria
S2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 4 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 3/5 tree of the pruning object, and when branches with diameters larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling way, and the pruning wound is kept smooth, does not split and does not tear skin.
Example 3:
the invention provides a pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an object: selecting a dominant single plant growing for 12 years and having a culture prospect from the dominant woods as a pruning object by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, wherein the four factors are divided into full scores by 10 according to the growth quantity, the dry shape, the branch height and the branch diameter below 1/2 tree height, the index scoring standards are shown in table 1, and the comprehensive scoring score requirement of the dominant single plant is more than 7;
TABLE 1 Graded wood morphology index scoring criteria
S2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 3.5 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 11/20 trees of the pruning object, and when branches with diameters larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling way, and the pruning wound is kept smooth, does not split and does not tear skin.
Example 4:
the invention provides a pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an object: selecting a dominant single plant growing for 12 years and having a culture prospect from the dominant woods as a pruning object by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, wherein the four factors are divided into full scores by 10 according to the growth quantity, the dry shape, the branch height and the branch diameter below 1/2 tree height, the index scoring standards are shown in table 1, and the comprehensive scoring score requirement of the dominant single plant is more than 7;
TABLE 1 Graded wood morphology index scoring criteria
S2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 3.5 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 11/20 trees of the pruning object, and when branches with diameters larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
wherein, the calluses paste comprises the following components in weight percentage: 25 parts of 50% sodium humate, 0.5 part of copper sulfate crystal, 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.3 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.04 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.04 part of borax, 0.2 part of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 1.2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.3 part of sodium benzoate, 0.5 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.10 part of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.8 part of 8-hydroxyquinoline copper and 65 parts of water;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling way, and the pruning wound is kept smooth, does not split and does not tear skin.
Example 5:
the invention provides a pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an object: selecting a dominant single plant growing for 12 years and having a culture prospect from the dominant woods as a pruning object by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, wherein the four factors are divided into full scores by 10 according to the growth quantity, the dry shape, the branch height and the branch diameter below 1/2 tree height, the index scoring standards are shown in table 1, and the comprehensive scoring score requirement of the dominant single plant is more than 7;
TABLE 1 Graded wood morphology index scoring criteria
S2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 3.5 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 11/20 trees of the pruning object, and when branches with diameters larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
wherein, the calluses paste comprises the following components in weight percentage: 25 parts of 50% sodium humate, 0.5 part of copper sulfate crystal, 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.3 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.04 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.04 part of borax, 0.2 part of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 1.2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.3 part of sodium benzoate, 0.5 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.10 part of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.8 part of 8-hydroxyquinoline copper and 65 parts of water;
the callus ointment further comprises 18 weight parts of carbonized branch-discarding powder, 15 weight parts of loofah sponge fragments with the particle size of 15 mu m, 4 weight parts of essential balm and 4 weight parts of paraffin oil, wherein the preparation method of the carbonized branch-discarding powder comprises the following steps: collecting pruned abandoned branches, removing leaves to obtain abandoned branches, spraying ginger water with the mass fraction of 10% into the abandoned branches, airing and cutting the abandoned branches to obtain abandoned branch fragments, placing the abandoned branch fragments into a combustion furnace with the oxygen concentration of 8%, heating the abandoned branch fragments at 100 ℃ for 50min, cooling and crushing the abandoned branch fragments to obtain carbonized abandoned branch powder, wherein the mass ratio of the abandoned branches to the ginger water is 40:1;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling way, and the pruning wound is kept smooth, does not split and does not tear skin.
Example 6:
on the basis of embodiment 5, as shown in fig. 1-2, the manual pruning uses a pruning device for pruning, the pruning device includes:
the fixed cylinder 1 is of a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, and the left side of the fixed cylinder 1 is opened, so that an arc-shaped plate is formed at the right end of the fixed cylinder 1 and is connected with the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder 1;
a rotating shaft 2 vertically arranged on the left side of the fixed cylinder 1, wherein two ends of the rotating shaft 2 are respectively and rotatably connected with the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder 1 and are driven to rotate by a first motor arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder 1, a first pulley 201 and a second pulley 202 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the rotating shaft 2 from top to bottom, and the first pulley 201 is driven to rotate by a second motor arranged in the rotating shaft 2;
the telescopic column 3 is arranged below the fixed cylinder 1 and fixedly connected with the fixed cylinder, a third pulley 301 is arranged on the outer side wall of the lower part of the telescopic column 3, and a handle is arranged on the third pulley 301 to rotate the third pulley 301;
a direction-adjusting mechanism, which is located below the second pulley 202 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 2, the direction-adjusting mechanism includes:
the outer cylinder 4 is of a hollow cylinder structure which is horizontally arranged, one end of the outer cylinder 4 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 2, the other end of the outer cylinder is arranged in an open way, and an inner end surface of one end of the outer cylinder 4 is provided with an electromagnet which is electrically connected with a battery arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder 1;
the limiting column 5 is horizontally arranged right above the outer cylinder 4 and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 2, the length of the limiting column 5 is not greater than that of the outer cylinder 4, a sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the free end of the limiting column 5, one end, close to the rotating shaft 2, of the sleeve is in sliding clamping connection with the side wall of the limiting column 5, and the other end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the free end of the limiting column 5 through a first spring;
the rotating column 6 is in a hollow cylinder structure, the rotating column 6 is arranged close to one end of the outer cylinder 4 in an open manner, the upper part of one end of the rotating column 6 is hinged with the upper part of the other end of the outer cylinder 4, and the upper part of the outer side wall of the rotating column 6 is fixedly connected with the first pulley 201 through a first rope body so as to drive the rotating column 6 to rotate through the rotation of the first pulley 201;
the ejector pad 7, its level cover is established cylinder structure in the urceolus 4, the external diameter of ejector pad 7 equals the internal diameter of pivoted post 6, so that ejector pad 7 will pivoted post 6 with urceolus 4 is limited on same horizontal line, the one end of ejector pad 7 through the second spring that the level set up with the interior terminal surface rigid coupling of urceolus 4 one end, be equipped with on the terminal surface of the one end of ejector pad 7 with the magnetic stripe that the electro-magnet magnetism is inhaled mutually, ejector pad 7 sets up: when the electromagnet is not electrified and the rotating column 6 is in a horizontal position, the other end of the push block 7 passes out of the outer cylinder 4 and enters the rotating column 6 under the action of the second spring, and one end of the push block 7 is positioned in the outer cylinder 4 so as to keep the rotating column and the outer cylinder on the same horizontal line; when the electromagnet is electrified, the push block 7 is completely positioned in the outer cylinder 4, at the moment, the second motor is started to rotate the first pulley 201 so as to pull the rotating column 6 to rotate around the hinge position of the rotating column 6 and the outer cylinder 4, and one side, close to the rotating shaft 2, of the rotating column 6 is abutted against the limit column 5 so as to fix the rotated position of the rotating column 6; when the electromagnet is not electrified and the rotating column 6 is not in a horizontal position after rotating, the other end of the push block 7 is abutted against the inner wall of the rotating column 6 to assist in fixing the position of the rotating column 6 after rotating;
and one scissor handle of the scissors 8 is fixedly connected with the other end of the rotating column 6, and the other scissor handle is fixedly connected with the third pulley 301 through the second pulley 202 by a second rope body, so that the distance between the two scissor handles of the scissors 8 is adjusted by rotating the third pulley 301.
Example 7:
on the basis of embodiment 6, as shown in fig. 1-2, the manual pruning is performed by using a pruning device, and a fluorescent lamp electrically connected with the battery is arranged on the inner side of the top surface of the fixed cylinder 1, so that a pruning personnel has a good visual field.
Example 8:
on the basis of embodiment 7, as shown in fig. 1-2, the manual pruning adopts a pruning device to prune, a camera is arranged on the inner side of the top surface of the fixed cylinder 1 and is in communication connection with a display screen arranged on the lower portion of the telescopic rod 3, and the camera and the display screen are electrically connected with the battery, so that pruning personnel can see the pruning condition above in the lower portion, and the accuracy of pruning work is improved.
Example 9:
on the basis of the embodiment 8, as shown in fig. 1-2, the manual pruning adopts a pruning device to prune, a spraying machine electrically connected with the battery is arranged on the outer side of the right end of the fixed cylinder 1, and the spraying machine is filled with the wound healing paste so as to spray the pruned wound and improve the healing speed of the pruned wound.
Example 10:
on the basis of embodiment 9, as shown in fig. 1-2, the manual pruning is performed by using a pruning device, when the rotating column 6 is horizontally arranged, the distance from the tip end of the scissors 8 to the rotating shaft 2 is not greater than the distance from the rotating shaft 2 to the arc plate, so that when the rotating shaft 2 rotates to a certain position, the scissors 8 are accommodated in the fixed cylinder 1, thereby facilitating the accommodation of the scissors 8 and facilitating the installation of the pruning device.
Comparative example 1:
on the basis of the embodiment 10, selecting a dominant single plant growing for 8 years and having a culture prospect as a pruning object in S1;
comparative example 2:
on the basis of example 10, a manual pruning of the pruning object is selected in S2 for 1 month each year.
Comparative example 3:
on the basis of example 10, pruning is performed in a flush manner in S4.
Comparative example 4:
on the basis of example 10, no carbonized branch-discarding powder of 18 weight components was added to the callus cream.
Comparative example 5:
on the basis of example 10, no 15 parts by weight of loofah sponge fragments with a particle size of 15 μm were added to the callus ointment.
Comparative example 6:
on the basis of example 10, 4 weight parts of essential balm were not added to the callus cream.
Comparative example 7:
on the basis of example 10, no paraffin oil of 4 weight components was added to the callus cream.
Analysis of results:
1. the quality of the log after pruning according to the methods of example 10 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was evaluated, namely, the quality of the log after pruning according to the methods of example 10 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was evaluated by taking four factors of the growth amount, the dry shape, the branch height and the branch diameter below 1/2 of the tree height as shape evaluation indexes, wherein the four factors of the branch diameter below 10 are divided into full scores according to the growth amount, the dry shape, the branch height and the branch diameter below 1/2 of the tree height, the grading standards of each index are shown in table 2, and the evaluation results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 Graded wood morphology index scoring criteria
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TABLE 3 evaluation results of the form and quality of the wood
As shown in table 3, compared with the score of each of comparative examples 1-3 being less than 7, the wood after pruning by the method of example 10 has better quality, wherein the dominant individual plant growing for 8 years and having a culture prospect is selected as a pruning object in comparative example 1, and at the moment, the branching peak period of the wood is the branching peak period of the wood, the pruned wood is also multi-branched again, and the pruning time and the working strength of pruning personnel are prolonged; the pruning time of comparative example 2 is 1 month each year, the weather is cold, the air temperature is low, the rainwater is more, the pruned wound heals slowly due to low temperature, the pruned wound is rotten due to rainwater infiltration and fungus infection, and the normal growth of Yu Gemu is more unfavorable; and 3 comparative example 3 adopts the flat cutting mode pruning, can cause the damage of large tracts to the trunk of the check wood, influence the growth of trunk, influence great to the trunk of the check wood, make trunk bending deformation or form the dead knot, extremely influence the quality of the check wood, so the method of embodiment 10 has better pruning effect.
2. The healing of trimmed wounds having diameters of less than 3cm, which were healed with the wound healing pastes prepared according to the methods of example 10 and comparative examples 4 to 7, respectively, were evaluated, and the evaluation results are shown in table 4.
Table 4 healing of trimmed wounds
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From Table 4, it can be seen that the wounds of example 10 were flat and wound healing was fast relative to comparative examples 4-7; in contrast, comparative example 4, in which carbonized branch-discarding powder was not added, the wound healing paste prepared in comparative example 4 had inferior affinity to the wound compared with example 10, thus requiring more healing time and having a slow healing rate; the wound healing paste prepared in the comparative example 5 is not added with luffa fragments, the permeability of the wound is low, the wound healing paste is not provided with a carrier, local benefit is easy to be caused, the wound healing surface is uneven, and air holes are formed inside; the wound healing paste prepared in the comparative example 6 is not added with the essential balm, is easy to infect insect pests, causes smooth and uneven wound, has different colors and prolonged healing speed; paraffin oil is not added into the wound healing paste prepared in the comparative example 7, so that the wound healing paste is easy to dry and fall off, and is not beneficial to wound healing. The wound healing paste prepared in example 10 had better healing effect.
In summary, the method of example 10 has good effects on both the pruning work of the log and wound healing after pruning, and is a practical method.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. The pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting an object: selecting good wood forest by using four factors of growth quantity, dry shape, branch height and branch diameter below 1/2 tree height as shape evaluation indexes, and selecting an advantage single plant with the culture prospect growing for 10-15 years from the good green wood forest as a pruning object;
s2, pruning time: manually pruning the pruning object in 3-4 months each year;
s3, pruning strength: pruning branches at the height of 1/2-3/5 tree of the pruning object, and when the branches with the diameter larger than 2cm are pruned, smearing the wound healing paste at the pruned wound formed after pruning;
s4, trimming requirements: pruning is carried out in a beveling mode, and pruning wounds are kept smooth, and are not split and are not torn off;
the wound healing ointment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of 50% sodium humate, 0.2-0.8 part of copper sulfate crystal, 0.2-0.5 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.2-0.4 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.02-0.06 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.02-0.06 part of borax, 0.1-0.3 part of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 1.0-1.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium benzoate, 0.3-0.8 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.08-0.12 part of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.5-1.0 part of 8-hydroxyquinoline copper and 50-80 parts of water;
the callus ointment further comprises 10-25 parts by weight of carbonized branch-discarding powder, 10-20 parts by weight of loofah sponge fragments with the particle size of 10-20 mu m, 2-6 parts by weight of essential balm and 2-6 parts by weight of paraffin oil, wherein the carbonized branch-discarding powder is prepared by the following steps: collecting pruned abandoned branches, removing leaves to obtain abandoned branches, spraying ginger water with the mass fraction of 10% into the abandoned branches, airing and cutting the abandoned branches to obtain abandoned branch fragments, placing the abandoned branch fragments into a combustion furnace with the oxygen concentration of 8%, heating the abandoned branch fragments at 80-120 ℃ for 40-60min, cooling and crushing the abandoned branch fragments to obtain carbonized abandoned branch powder, wherein the mass ratio of the abandoned branches to the ginger water is 30-50:1;
the manual pruning adopts a pruning device to prune, and the pruning device comprises:
the fixing cylinder is of a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, and the left side of the fixing cylinder is opened, so that an arc-shaped plate is formed at the right end of the fixing cylinder and connected with the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixing cylinder;
the rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the left side of the fixed cylinder, two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected with the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder in a rotating way, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by a first motor arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder, a first pulley and a second pulley are respectively arranged on the side wall of the rotating shaft from top to bottom, and the first pulley is driven to rotate by a second motor arranged in the rotating shaft;
the telescopic column is arranged below the fixed cylinder and fixedly connected with the fixed cylinder, a third pulley is arranged on the outer side wall of the lower part of the telescopic column, and a handle is arranged on the third pulley;
the direction adjusting mechanism is positioned below the second pulley and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and comprises:
the outer cylinder is of a hollow cylinder structure which is horizontally arranged, one end of the outer cylinder is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, the other end of the outer cylinder is arranged in an opening way, and an electromagnet which is electrically connected with a battery arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed cylinder is arranged on the inner end surface of one end of the outer cylinder;
the limiting column is horizontally arranged right above the outer cylinder and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, the length of the limiting column is not greater than that of the outer cylinder, a sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the free end of the limiting column, one end, close to the rotating shaft, of the sleeve is in sliding clamping connection with the side wall of the limiting column, and the other end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with the free end of the limiting column through a first spring;
the rotating column is of a hollow cylinder structure, the rotating column is arranged close to one end of the outer cylinder in an open mode, the upper portion of one end of the rotating column is hinged to the upper portion of the other end of the outer cylinder, and the upper portion of the outer side wall of the rotating column is fixedly connected with the first pulley through a first rope;
the ejector pad, its level cover is established cylinder structure in the urceolus, the external diameter of ejector pad equals the internal diameter of spliced pole, the one end of ejector pad through the second spring that the level set up with the interior terminal surface rigid coupling of urceolus one end, be equipped with on the terminal surface of the one end of ejector pad with the magnetic stripe that electro-magnet magnetism is inhaled mutually, the ejector pad sets up to: when the electromagnet is not electrified and the rotating column is in a horizontal position, the other end of the pushing block penetrates out of the outer cylinder and enters the rotating column under the action of the second spring, and one end of the pushing block is positioned in the outer cylinder so as to keep the rotating column and the outer cylinder on the same horizontal line; when the electromagnet is electrified, the push block is completely positioned in the outer cylinder, at the moment, the second motor is started to enable the first pulley to rotate so as to draw the rotating column to rotate around the hinge position of the rotating column and the outer cylinder, and one side, close to the rotating shaft, of the rotating column is abutted against the limiting column so as to fix the rotated position of the rotating column; when the electromagnet is not electrified and the rotating column is not in a horizontal position after rotating, the other end of the pushing block is abutted against the inner wall of the rotating column so as to assist in fixing the position of the rotating column after rotating;
one scissor handle is fixedly connected with the other end of the rotating column, and the other scissor handle is fixedly connected with the third pulley through the second rope body, so that the distance between the two scissor handles of the scissors is adjusted through rotating the third pulley;
the outer side of the right end of the fixed cylinder is provided with a spraying machine electrically connected with the battery, and the spraying machine is filled with calluses.
2. The pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation of the graticule according to claim 1, wherein a fluorescent lamp electrically connected with the battery is arranged on the inner side of the top surface of the fixed cylinder.
3. The pruning method for wood-saving-free cultivation of the graticule as recited in claim 1, wherein a camera is arranged on the inner side of the top surface of the fixed cylinder, the camera is in communication connection with a display screen arranged on the lower portion of the telescopic column, and the camera and the display screen are electrically connected with the battery.
4. The pruning method of the log wood-saving-free cultivation according to claim 1, wherein when the rotating column is horizontally arranged, a distance from the tip end of the scissors to the rotating shaft is not greater than a distance from the rotating shaft to the arc plate, so that the scissors are accommodated in the fixed cylinder when the rotating shaft is rotated to a certain position.
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