CN109578433B - High-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing - Google Patents
High-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109578433B CN109578433B CN201811488086.1A CN201811488086A CN109578433B CN 109578433 B CN109578433 B CN 109578433B CN 201811488086 A CN201811488086 A CN 201811488086A CN 109578433 B CN109578433 B CN 109578433B
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- bearing
- main shaft
- thrust plate
- dynamic pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/10—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing, which comprises a main shaft, a bearing rotor sleeved on the main shaft, a shaft sleeve positioned between the main shaft and the bearing rotor, and thrust plates respectively sleeved at two ends of the main shaft, wherein the dynamic pressure bearing is additionally provided with the shaft sleeve on a spool bearing structure, the shaft sleeve is fixed on the main shaft and forms a closed spool type structure with the bearing rotor, the thrust plates adopt a special inclined plane structure, external air flow is pumped by a pump such as an axial bearing and a radial bearing through the thrust plates with special inclined planes, pressure distribution is formed in a bearing working gap, and the internal pressure of the bearing maintains dynamic stability after the rotating speed is stable, so that the problems of bearing rigidity and axial bearing start-stop friction are solved; the axial compression nut adopts an elastic compression structure, so that the axial clearance of the bearing is ensured to be kept stable at different temperatures; the radial bearing friction pair adopts boron carbide-boron carbide, and the thrust axial friction pair adopts a boron carbide-structural steel form to further solve the problems of contact friction and abrasion of the bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic pressure bearing, in particular to a high-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing made of boron carbide materials.
Background
The dynamic pressure bearing motor is a heart of the three-floating gyroscope meter, the dynamic pressure bearing is used as a core component of the dynamic pressure motor, the reliability and the stability of the dynamic pressure bearing motor determine the precision and the service life of the three-floating gyroscope meter, and the dynamic pressure bearing motor is widely applied to the military fields of aerospace and the like.
The bobbin type dynamic pressure bearing is a structural form of the dynamic pressure bearing, the structure of the dynamic pressure bearing is divided into a radial bearing and an axial bearing, the axial bearing and the radial bearing are provided for the bearing, the working gap of the dynamic pressure bearing is only 1-3 mu m, when the dynamic pressure bearing works, inlet airflow is pumped into a spiral groove of a bearing working surface by means of the relative movement of a rotor and a stator, a pressure area is formed on the working surface of the bearing, so that the rotor and the stator of the bearing are separated from contact, and once the dynamic pressure bearing works stably, the theoretical life of the dynamic pressure bearing is infinite.
Meanwhile, the dynamic pressure bearing has the following drawbacks: (1) the dynamic pressure bearing has lower bearing rigidity and small bearing capacity under the condition of low-speed operation and has poor capability of resisting the external mechanical environment; (2) when the bearing is started or stopped, the friction reliability of the bearing is reduced due to the contact friction and abrasion of the bearing, and even redundant materials of the bearing are brought, so that the service life of the bearing is influenced.
The bobbin type dynamic pressure bearing that three floating gyroscopes adopted at present is open structure, and radial bearing is divided into left and right both ends structure, perhaps radial bearing designs the exhaust passage, because open structure makes bearing work area pressure can obtain the release, and bearing radial rigidity is lower. The working surface of a thrust plate of the axial bearing is often designed to be a plane, the flatness of the thrust plate is about 0.2 mu m, although the structure can keep the pressure of the working surface of the axial bearing, a gas pump is limited as much as possible, and meanwhile, the friction of the whole working surface is caused in the starting and stopping processes of the axial bearing, so that the friction is increased, and the starting and stopping reliability is reduced. The friction pair of the bobbin type bearing adopts a mode of coating a hard film on a bearing base material to reduce the contact friction force, and the mode has certain requirements on the performance of the bearing base material, the coating process is complex, and the reliability of coating the friction pair is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing made of boron carbide materials, and solves the problems of low rigidity and low starting and stopping reliability of the existing spool type dynamic pressure bearing.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a high-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing, which comprises a main shaft, a bearing rotor sleeved on the main shaft and thrust plates respectively sleeved at two ends of the main shaft, wherein a gap is formed between each thrust plate and the bearing rotor;
it is characterized in that: the bearing rotor is sleeved on the main shaft, and the bearing rotor is fixed on the main shaft; the bearing rotor is sleeved on the shaft sleeve; the two ends of the shaft sleeve are tightly attached to the thrust plate.
Further, the width of the gap between the thrust plate and the bearing rotor gradually increases from inside to outside, and is defined in the radial direction of the main shaft, wherein the end close to the main shaft is the inside, and the end far away from the shaft sleeve is the outside.
Further, the width of the gap between the thrust plate and the bearing rotor linearly increases from the inside to the outside.
And the axial compression nuts are sleeved at two ends of the main shaft and used for compressing the thrust plate.
Furthermore, a step pressing surface is arranged on the contact surface of the axial pressing nut and the thrust plate. The height of the step surface is 0.1mm, so that the nut can be compressed by elastic deformation of 0.1mm when being compressed.
Furthermore, the first working surface of the thrust plate is an inclined surface, and an included angle is formed between the inclined surface and the end surface of the bearing rotor.
Further, the angle is 5.09 to 15.28 ".
Furthermore, the materials of the shaft sleeve and the bearing rotor are fine-grain boron carbide materials with the average grain size of less than or equal to 1.5 mu m.
Further, the thrust plate material is a structural tool steel material.
Further, the structural tool steel material is a chromium tungsten manganese material.
Further, the axial compression nut is of the same material as the spindle.
According to the invention, the boron carbide shaft sleeve is added on the linear bearing structure of the dynamic pressure bearing, the shaft sleeve is fixed on the main shaft and forms a closed linear bearing type structure with the bearing rotor, the thrust plate adopts a special inclined plane structure, external air flow is pumped by a pump such as an axial bearing and a radial bearing through the thrust plate with a special inclined plane to form pressure distribution in a bearing working gap, and the internal pressure of the bearing maintains dynamic stability after the rotating speed is stable, so that the problems of bearing rigidity and axial bearing start-stop friction are solved; the axial compression nut adopts an elastic compression structure, so that the axial clearance of the bearing is ensured to be kept stable at different temperatures; the radial bearing friction pair adopts boron carbide-boron carbide, and the thrust axial friction pair adopts a boron carbide-structural steel form to further solve the problems of contact friction and abrasion of the bearing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the closed bobbin type structure is different from an open structure and a structure with fluid circulation, the structure enables pumped gas to be compressed between two cylindrical working surfaces, pressurization is carried out through a spiral groove structure of the working surface of the bobbin, and an outlet pressure release channel is not designed; higher stiffness capability at the same rotational speed;
2. the thrust plate of the axial bearing is of a special inclined surface structure, so that the contact friction torque between the bearing and a bearing rotor when the bearing is axially started and stopped can be reduced. Meanwhile, under the same rotor rotating speed, the thrust plate with the special inclined plane design can pump more air flow through the spiral groove structure, so that the pressure in the bearing is promoted to be increased, and the rigidity of the bearing is further improved;
3. the compression nut is provided with an elastic compression structure, the compression nut is of the elastic compression structure, the nut generates certain elastic deformation pressure by controlling compression torque of the compression nut, and even if the axial bearing generates linear expansion change of different bearing materials due to temperature change, the compression nut ensures that the positioning surface of the thrust plate can be tightly close to the end part of the shaft sleeve by releasing elastic deformation, so that the gap of the axial bearing is kept unchanged;
4. the radial bearing adopts a boron carbide-boron carbide friction pair, so that the surface coating modification of a main material of the bearing can be avoided, the reliability problem caused by a coating material is reduced, the fine-grain boron carbide material has high wear resistance and a lower friction coefficient, higher line position precision can be achieved through precision grinding, the radial bearing adopts the same material, and the bearing gap can still be kept stable in different temperature environments.
5. The axial bearing adopts a boron carbide-structural steel friction pair, wherein the thrust plate is made of structural tool steel material, and the deformation of the axial bearing generated during start-stop friction can be caused to occur on one side of the structural tool steel by the principle that the hardness of the structural tool steel is smaller than that of fine-grain boron carbide, so that the wear of the friction pair is relieved by the plastic deformation of the tool steel, and the risk of the wear redundancy of the bearing is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
the reference numbers in the figures are: the thrust bearing comprises a bearing rotor 1, a thrust plate 2, a shaft sleeve 3, a main shaft 4, a compression nut 5, a thrust plate 6, a thrust plate first working surface and a thrust plate 7.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited by this embodiment.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the hydrodynamic bearing of this embodiment includes a main shaft 4, a shaft sleeve 3, a bearing rotor 1, a thrust plate 2 and a compression nut 5, where the shaft sleeve 3 is sleeved on the main shaft 4 and is fixedly matched with the main shaft 4, the bearing rotor 1 and the shaft sleeve are assembled together and move relatively to form a radial closed bearing, and the thrust plate 2 is located at two sides of the shaft sleeve 3 and forms an axial bearing with the bearing rotor 1. The thrust plate 2 is made of structural tool steel (such as chromium-tungsten-manganese material), the bearing rotor 1 is made of fine-grain boron carbide material, the shaft sleeve 3 is made of fine-grain boron carbide material, and the compression nut 5 and the main shaft 4 are made of the same material (such as 3Cr13 and titanium alloy). Therefore, in the embodiment, the radial bearing adopts a boron carbide-boron carbide friction pair, and the axial bearing adopts a boron carbide-structural steel friction pair. The radial bearing adopts a boron carbide-boron carbide friction pair, the fine-grain boron carbide material has high wear resistance and lower friction coefficient, higher line position precision can be achieved through precision grinding, and the radial bearing gap can still be kept stable in different temperature environments due to the adoption of the same material. The axial bearing adopts a boron carbide-structural steel friction pair, and the deformation of the axial bearing generated during starting and stopping friction can be generated on one side of the structural tool steel by the principle that the hardness of the structural tool steel is less than that of fine-grain boron carbide, so that the abrasion of the friction pair is relieved by the plastic deformation of the tool steel, and the risk of bearing abrasion redundancy is reduced. The axial compression nut in the embodiment adopts an elastic structure design, namely, as can be seen from fig. 1, a step surface with the height of 0.1mm is arranged on the end surface of the compression nut, which is in contact with the thrust plate, so that the nut is compressed by elastic deformation with the height of 0.1mm, and the stability of a bearing gap is ensured.
The width of a gap between the thrust plate 2 and the bearing rotor 1 is linearly increased from inside to outside; the end close to the main shaft is defined as inner, and the end far away from the shaft sleeve is defined as outer. In the embodiment, the working surface of the thrust plate is designed to be the inclined surface, so that the width of the gap between the thrust plate 2 and the bearing rotor 1 is linearly increased from inside to outside, and the contact friction torque between the bearing and the bearing rotor 1 when the bearing is axially started and stopped can be reduced. Meanwhile, under the same rotor rotating speed, the thrust plate 2 with the special inclined plane design can pump more air flow through the spiral groove structure, so that the internal pressure of the bearing is increased, and the rigidity of the bearing is further improved. In this embodiment, the thrust plate 2 has a ring-shaped structure, and the surfaces close to the bearing rotor and the shaft sleeve define the working surface of the thrust plate, for convenience of description, the working surface is divided into a first working surface 6 of the thrust plate and a second working surface 7 of the thrust plate, the second working surface 7 of the thrust plate is pressed against the shaft sleeve, the radial length of the working surface is the same as the thickness of the shaft sleeve 3, or may be smaller than the thickness of the shaft sleeve 3, the first working surface 6 of the thrust plate is an inclined surface, and an included angle is formed between the first working surface 6 of the thrust plate and the end surface of the bearing rotor 1, and the included angle is about 5.09.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
1. under the condition that the dynamic pressure bearing axle is placed horizontally, when the motor starts, bearing rotor 1 begins to rotate under the effect of electromagnetic torque, bearing rotor 1 and axle sleeve 3 produce friction, because journal bearing is boron carbide-boron carbide friction pair, journal bearing's coefficient of sliding friction has greatly been reduced, and the sealed spool structure can make journal bearing pressure rise rapidly, reduces the contact friction time between bearing rotor 1 and the axle sleeve 3, reaches certain rotational speed after, bearing rotor 1 and axle sleeve 3 break away from the contact. When the motor works stably, more gas is pumped into the bearing working gap by means of the special inclined plane structure of the thrust plate 2, and the bearing is maintained under higher working pressure, so that the bearing has higher rigidity capability. During the stopping process of the motor, the internal pressure of the bearing is released along with the gradual reduction of the rotating speed of the bearing rotor 1, and when the air film rigidity of the working surface of the bearing is not enough to maintain the weight of the bearing rotor 1, the bearing rotor 1 and the shaft sleeve 3 start to contact and slide and rub until stopping.
2. Under the condition that the dynamic pressure bearing shaft is vertically placed, when a motor is started, the bearing rotor 1 starts to rotate under the action of electromagnetic torque, the bearing rotor 1 and the thrust plate 2 generate friction, because the axial bearing is a boron carbide-structural steel friction pair, and the working surface of the thrust plate is of a special inclined plane structure, the sliding friction coefficient of the axial bearing and the risk of generating abrasion surplus materials are greatly reduced, the thrust plate 2 structure can pump more air flows, the pressure of the working surface of the bearing is rapidly improved, and after a certain rotating speed is reached, the bearing rotor 1 and the thrust plate 2 are separated from contact. When the motor works stably, the working surface of the bearing is maintained under higher working pressure, so that the bearing has higher rigidity capability. During the motor stopping process, as the rotating speed of the bearing rotor 1 is gradually reduced, the internal pressure of the bearing is released, and when the air film rigidity of the working surface of the bearing is not enough to maintain the weight of the bearing rotor 1, the bearing rotor 1 and the thrust plate 2 start to contact and slide and rub until the motor stops.
3. When the dynamic pressure bearing shaft is placed obliquely, the working process is the composition of the above two working conditions.
Claims (4)
1. A high-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing comprises a main shaft (4), a bearing rotor (1) sleeved on the main shaft (4), and thrust plates (2) respectively sleeved at two ends of the main shaft, wherein a gap is formed between each thrust plate (2) and the bearing rotor (1);
the method is characterized in that: the bearing rotor structure is characterized by further comprising a shaft sleeve (3) positioned between the main shaft (4) and the bearing rotor (1), wherein the shaft sleeve (3) is sleeved and fixed on the main shaft (4); the bearing rotor (1) is sleeved on the shaft sleeve (3); two ends of the shaft sleeve (3) are tightly attached to the thrust plate (2); the width of a gap between the thrust plate (2) and the bearing rotor (1) is linearly increased from inside to outside; the thrust plate is defined in the radial direction of the main shaft, one end close to the main shaft is inner, the other end far away from the shaft sleeve is outer, the first working surface (6) of the thrust plate is an inclined surface, and an included angle is formed between the inclined surface and the end surface of the bearing rotor (1); the included angle is 5.09-15.28%;
the axial compression nut (5) is sleeved at two ends of the main shaft (4) and used for compressing the thrust plate (2); and a step pressing surface is arranged on the contact surface of the axial pressing nut (5) and the thrust plate (2).
2. The high-reliability closed type spool-type dynamic pressure bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the materials of the shaft sleeve (3) and the bearing rotor (1) are fine-grain boron carbide materials with the average grain size of less than or equal to 1.5 mu m.
3. The high-reliability closed type spool-type dynamic pressure bearing according to claim 2, wherein: the thrust plate (2) is made of structural tool steel materials.
4. A highly reliable closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the structural tool steel material is a chromium-tungsten-manganese material; the axial compression nut (5) is made of the same material as the main shaft (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811488086.1A CN109578433B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | High-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811488086.1A CN109578433B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | High-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109578433A CN109578433A (en) | 2019-04-05 |
| CN109578433B true CN109578433B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
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| CN201811488086.1A Active CN109578433B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | High-reliability closed type spool type dynamic pressure bearing |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114790996B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2024-02-06 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Blower and cleaning device |
| CN115655250A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-01-31 | 西安航天精密机电研究所 | Gyroscope and processing and assembling method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2063471B (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1984-02-29 | Smiths Industries Ltd | Gyroscopes |
| US7176682B2 (en) * | 2004-01-04 | 2007-02-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting hydrocarbons with NMR logs in wells drilled with oil-based muds |
| JP2008082414A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-10 | Nippon Densan Corp | Fluid dynamic bearing device, magnetic disk device and portable electronic equipment |
| CN102434586B (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-01-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Gas-magnetic hybrid bearing for gyro motor use |
| CN104747595B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2017-09-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | High reliability long life gas hydrodynamic bearing |
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