CN109575929A - The method of the agent of heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation and its rehabilitating soil - Google Patents
The method of the agent of heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation and its rehabilitating soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109575929A CN109575929A CN201811438601.5A CN201811438601A CN109575929A CN 109575929 A CN109575929 A CN 109575929A CN 201811438601 A CN201811438601 A CN 201811438601A CN 109575929 A CN109575929 A CN 109575929A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent and its methods of rehabilitating soil, belong to technical field of soil remediation.The present invention provides a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent, are made by following methods: for sludge after high-temperature vacuum heats, washing, drying obtain sludge organism charcoal；For agriculture and forestry organic waste material after high-temperature vacuum heats, washing, drying obtain agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal；Sludge organism charcoal and agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal are mixed；Mixed biologic charcoal is mixed with sodium citrate solution, oscillating reactions, after completion of the reaction, washed, drying obtains heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent.The present invention is then using sludge and agriculture and forestry organic waste material as raw material, two kinds of biological carbonaceous are mixed in different proportions, improve ash content and carbon content in compound adsorbent, it is modified using sodium citrate solution, the activity for improving charcoal makes it that heavy metal element bioavailable state content in the soil be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of soil remediation, and in particular to a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil renovation agent and its repair soil
The method of earth.
Background technique
Soil is the material base of the mankind, animals and plants, microorganism and the existence of all life body, with human lives etc.
It is closely related.The source of heavy metal pollution of soil is very extensive, sewage irrigation, atmospheric sedimentation, solid waste landfill leakage, pesticide and change
Fertilizer application, metal mineral reserves exploitation and smelting etc., all can cause heavy metal pollution of soil problem increasingly serious.Heavy metal contaminants can
With long-term accumulated in the soil, soil ecosystem and underground water are caused to seriously endanger, and can be entered by plant
Food chain seriously threatens human health.
Currently, the Principles of heavy metal pollution of soil are main are as follows: first is that changing the chemical form of heavy metal element, make it
Passivation is fixed, and is reduced its activity, is detached from food chain, and the transportable property and validity of heavy metal element in the soil are weakened；Second is that
Heavy metal element is extracted from soil, to reduce the contents of heavy metal elements in soil.
Based on the above principles, heavy-metal contaminated soil restorative procedure is usually divided into bioremediation technology, peripheral doses skill
Art and chemical remediation technology.Physical restoration refers mainly to make using physical means the contents of heavy metal elements of soil to significantly reduce,
The methods of mainly have soil moved in improve the original, soil removal and replacement, go surface soil, dig with electro reclamation: dig and go surface soil to be suitable for polluting lighter soil,
And soil moved in improve the original and soil removal and replacement are used for seriously polluted area, electro reclamation is used for low-permeability heavy metal contamination soil；This method has thorough
It removes, stable advantage, but a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources can be consumed, while causing the soil structures and naturality of soil
The destruction of shape causes the decline of soil fertility, polluted underground water, or even will cause secondary pollution.Therefore, physical restoration uses
It is limited, it is only suitable for the serious situation of small area, heavy metal pollution of soil.
Chemical restoration is divided into immobilization reparation, chemical leaching reparation.Wherein, immobilization recovery technique is by pollution
In environment addition can promote pollutant passivation fixative, reduce the recovery technique of the toxicity of pollutant, have it is simple and easy, at
This is low, repairing efficiency is short and it is secondary destroy the advantages that small, be suitble to large area, in soil low-concentration heavy metal pollution situation.Gu
Surely the key for changing recovery technique is the screening of curing agent.At present, it is common to use curing agent mainly include inorganic curing agent
With organic curing agent, the difference solidification renovation agent mechanism of action is different, and it is also not identical to be suitable for contaminated soil.Chemical leaching reparation
It is that pollutant is extracted into liquid phase from solid phase using chemical leaching agent, so as to reduce pollutant effective content.Common leaching
Washing solvent has inorganic solvent, chelating agent and surfactant etc..This method is high-efficient, effect stability, period are short, but there is investment
It is high, destroy that soil property, leacheate be difficult and secondary pollution problems.
Biological prosthetic is to reach removing environment using pollutant in biospecific absorption, decomposition, conversion soil and water body
The purpose of pollution, including plant, animal and microorganism remediation.Currently, charcoal is widely used in heavy-metal contaminated soil original position
Or in the repairing research in laboratory, the results showed that main by directly to the absorption of heavy metal after biomass carbon is manured into soil
Effect, or the occurrence patterns of heavy metal in the soil are influenced indirectly by changing soil constitution and property, to reduce a huge sum of money
Belong to element activity form and transportable property in the soil, reduce heavy metal and absorbed and accumulated in vivo at it by root system of plant,
Heavy metal is reduced to the potential risk of human health and environment.But single creature charcoal is typically used at present, and single life
Object charcoal is generally only applicable to certain specific contaminated soil, causes it in soil weight since its ash content of coal, carbon content etc. are different
Metallic pollution has certain limitation in repairing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of compound bio charcoal heavy metal renovation agents, realize heavy metal-polluted
Contaminate the low cost of soil, high efficiency is administered.
The technical proposal adopted by the invention to solve the above technical problems is that it is compound to provide a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil
Renovation agent is prepared by following methods:
A, prepared by sludge organism charcoal: for sludge after high-temperature vacuum heats, washing, drying obtain sludge organism charcoal；
B, prepared by agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal: for agriculture and forestry organic waste material after high-temperature vacuum heats, it is useless to obtain agricultural for washing, drying
Gurry charcoal；
C, agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal obtained by sludge organism charcoal obtained by step A and step B is mixed, obtains mixed biologic charcoal；
D, by mixed biologic charcoal obtained by step C and sodium citrate solution hybrid reaction, after completion of the reaction, washed, drying,
Obtain the agent of heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step A, the water content of the sludge is not
More than 15wt%, granularity is -50 mesh.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step A, the high-temperature vacuum heating
Heating time is 1~6h, and heating temperature is 300~700 DEG C.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step A, the grain of the sludge organism charcoal
Degree is -100 mesh.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step B, the grain of the agriculture and forestry organic waste material
Degree is -50 mesh.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step B, the agriculture and forestry organic waste material is straw
At least one of stalk, rice husk, pericarp, shell, sawdust or bark.
Preferably, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step B, the agriculture and forestry organic waste material is
Stalk；Preferably corn stover.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step B, the high-temperature vacuum heating
Heating time is 1~8h, and heating temperature is 300~900 DEG C.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step B, the agriculture and forestry organic waste material biology
The granularity of charcoal is -100 mesh.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step C, the sludge organism charcoal and agriculture
The mass ratio of woods waste charcoal is 0.2~5:1.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step D, the sodium citrate solution by
Following methods are prepared: 40~160g sodium citrate being dissolved in 1000mL deionized water, sodium citrate solution is configured to.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step D, the mixed biologic charcoal and lemon
The mass volume ratio of lemon acid sodium solution is 1g:10~60mL.
Wherein, in heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent described above, in step D, the temperature of the reaction is 10
~80 DEG C, the time of reaction is 1~12h.
The present invention also provides the methods using heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent rehabilitating soil described above: will
Contaminated soil is that 4~20:1 is uniformly mixed with heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent in mass ratio, ageing no less than 28 days, i.e.,
It can.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Sludge and agriculture and forestry organic waste material are prepared into charcoal by the present invention respectively, and ash content in compound adsorbent can be improved after mixing
With carbon content, improve its activity, recycle sodium citrate solution to be modified, increase aperture and pore volume in mixed biologic charcoal
Greatly, the adsorption capacity of mixed biologic charcoal is further improved, to make compound bio charcoal renovation agent that can efficiently reduce heavy metal member
Element state content bioavailable in the soil；The invention also achieves harmless times with recycling, agriculture and forestry organic waste material of mud decrement
It receives and utilizes, the ecological risk of agricultural sludge can be not only reduced by being pyrolyzed, assistant chemical activation can also be by pyrolysis gained biology
Charcoal is used as cheap adsorbent, with good application prospect.
Specific embodiment
Specifically, heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent, is prepared by following methods:
A, prepared by sludge organism charcoal: for sludge after high-temperature vacuum heats, washing, drying obtain sludge organism charcoal；
B, prepared by agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal: for corn stover after high-temperature vacuum heats, it is discarded to obtain agricultural for washing, drying
Object charcoal；
C, agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal obtained by sludge organism charcoal obtained by step A and step B is mixed, obtains mixed biologic charcoal；
D, by mixed biologic charcoal obtained by step C and sodium citrate solution hybrid reaction, after completion of the reaction, washed, drying,
Obtain the agent of heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation.
Single creature charcoal is generally only applicable to certain specific contaminated soil since its ash content of coal, carbon content etc. are different,
Cause it that there is certain limitation in heavy metal pollution of soil reparation.The present invention is then using sludge and stalk as raw material, by two
The biological carbonaceous of kind mixes in different proportions, improves ash content and carbon content in compound adsorbent, improves the activity of charcoal.
Sludge of the present invention is mainly derived from municipal sewage plant, in order to improve when its high-temperature vacuum heats
It is pyrolyzed efficiency, the water content for controlling sludge is no more than 15wt%, and granularity is -50 mesh, but other quality requirements are had no to it；And it is
Enable sludge carbonization as far as possible, the heating time that the present invention controls high-temperature vacuum heating is 1~6h, heating temperature
It is 300~700 DEG C, avoids having adverse effect on charcoal adsorption effect due to being carbonized not exclusively.
In step A of the present invention, the material after the completion of heating is rinsed 1~3 time with deionized water, is produced with removing in heating process
Raw ash content, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, further inactivates, is crushed to -100 mesh, obtains sludge organism charcoal.
Agriculture and forestry organic waste material mainly includes stalk, rice husk, pericarp, shell, sawdust, bark etc..Firstly, since agriculture and forestry organic waste material
In containing the ingredients such as a large amount of cellulose, lignin, cause its functional group's type abundant, enormous amount, these functions are absorption
Effect is laid a good foundation；Secondly as agriculture and forestry organic waste material mostly has coarse surface and mushy internal structure,
This just determines that its surface can provide a large amount of adsorption site to adsorb heavy metal ion；In addition, containing in agriculture and forestry organic waste material
There are ion abundant, such as Na+、K+、C2+、Mg2+Deng, can with heavy metal ion occur ion exchange；Its is abundant simultaneously
High activity chemical group, such as methyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, the effects of cooperation can occur with heavy metal ion or be complexed, this has
The generation acted on conducive to Heavy Metals in Waters ion in agriculture and forestry organic waste material adsorption.
It generally requires and is pre-processed before agriculture and forestry organic waste material (such as corn stover) use: by fresh agriculture and forestry organic waste material with clearly
Water logging foam washing removes the silt on surface, and being cut into area with scissors is about 1cm2Fritter, after washing 1~3 time with clear water, then spend from
Sub- water washing 1~3 time, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, is crushed to -50 mesh, for use.
Similarly, in order to enable agriculture and forestry organic waste material carbonization as far as possible, the present invention controls adding for high-temperature vacuum heating
The hot time is 1~8h, and heating temperature is 300~900 DEG C, avoids generating not charcoal adsorption effect due to being carbonized not exclusively
The influence of benefit.
In step B of the present invention, the material after the completion of heating is rinsed 1~3 time with deionized water, is produced with removing in heating process
Raw ash content, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, further inactivates, is crushed to -100 mesh, obtains agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal.
In step A and step B of the present invention, using heating in vacuum, bactericidal effect is preferable, conducive to the progress of subsequent experimental；
And a large number of experiments is carried out to the carbonization condition of sludge and agriculture and forestry organic waste material, it is incomplete to avoid its carbonization as far as possible
The case where, to keep the adsorption effect of subsequent mixed biologic charcoal best.
In step C, test discovery, the mass ratio for controlling sludge organism charcoal and cornstalk biological charcoal is 0.2~5:1, can
Make to improve in compound adsorbent that ash content and carbon content are appropriate, it is modified to be conducive to sodium citrate, improves its activity, counterweight metallic prosthetic
Effect is preferable.
In step D, mixed biologic charcoal is modified using sodium citrate, increases sodium element content in mixed biologic charcoal
Add, surface becomes smooth, aperture and pore volume increases, and improves the adsorption capacity of mixed biologic charcoal；The modification item of sodium citrate
Part are as follows: by mixed biologic charcoal and sodium citrate solution by mass volume ratio be that 1g:10~60mL mix, reaction temperature for 10~
1~12h is reacted at 80 DEG C；To accelerate modification efficiency, can in stirring, carry out under oscillating condition, as frequency of oscillation is 100~
800rpm；The sodium citrate solution is prepared by following methods: by 40~160g sodium citrate be dissolved in 1000mL go from
In sub- water, it is configured to the sodium citrate solution that concentration is 40~160g/L.
After modified-reaction, mixed biologic charcoal is rinsed with deionized water, by 105 DEG C of mixed biologic charcoal, drying to constant weight,
Heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent can be obtained.
The present invention also provides the methods using heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent rehabilitating soil described above: will
Contaminated soil is that 4~20:1 is uniformly mixed with heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent in mass ratio, ageing no less than 28 days, i.e.,
It can；Most of heavy metal ion in the adsorbable heavy metal waste liquid of compound adsorbent of the invention, as V, Cr, Si, Cu, Fe, Cd
Deng, it is adaptable, have a wide range of application.
Below by embodiment, invention is further described in detail, but does not therefore limit the scope of the present invention
Among the embodiment described range.
Embodiment 1
The dewatered sludge for taking certain municipal sewage plant is no more than 15wt% to water content after drying and air-drying, with crushing
Machine obtains dusty material after smashing, and after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 50 targets, takes lower layer's object envelope stand-by；By sewage sludge powder
It is placed in Muffle furnace high temperature heating in vacuum, wherein heating time 2h, 300 DEG C of heating temperature, after having reacted, is rinsed with deionized water
2 times, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, and after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 100 targets, screenings is sludge organism charcoal；
Fresh corn stalk is taken, the silt for washing away surface is impregnated with clear water, being cut into area with scissors is about 1cm2Fritter,
It is washed with deionized again after washing 2 times with clear water 2 times, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 50 targets
Envelope is stand-by；Maize straw powder is placed in Muffle furnace high temperature heating in vacuum, wherein heating time 1h, 300 DEG C of heating temperature,
After having reacted, rinsed 2 times with deionized water, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 100 targets, screenings
As cornstalk biological charcoal；
Above two charcoal is taken, by m (sludge organism charcoal/g): m (cornstalk biological charcoal/g)=0.2 mixing will mix
It closes charcoal to be placed in conical flask, the sodium citrate solution of 60g/L is added, wherein m (mixed biologic charcoal/g): v (sodium citrate
Solution/mL) conical flask is placed in constant temperature oscillator and vibrated with ParafilmTM bottleneck by=1:15, wherein reaction temperature
It is 20 DEG C, frequency of oscillation 200rpm, reaction time 2h, after reaction, rinses mixed biologic charcoal with deionized water, will mix
Closing 105 DEG C of charcoal, drying to constant weight, obtains complex repairation agent；
Heavy-metal contaminated soil is mixed with complex repairation agent, wherein m (heavy-metal contaminated soil/g): m (complex repairation
Agent/g)=20, it is aged 28d, the bioavailable state content through Cd, Cr, Fe in detection soil reduces 52%, 64% and respectively
27%.
Embodiment 2
The dewatered sludge for taking certain municipal sewage plant is no more than 15% to water content after drying and air-drying, uses pulverizer
Dusty material is obtained after smashing, and after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 50 targets, takes lower layer's object envelope stand-by；Sewage sludge powder is set
In Muffle furnace high temperature heating in vacuum, wherein heating time 3h, after having reacted, rinses 2 with deionized water by 450 DEG C of heating temperature
Time, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, and after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 100 targets, screenings is sludge organism charcoal；
Fresh corn stalk is taken, the silt for washing away surface is impregnated with clear water, being cut into area with scissors is about 1cm2Fritter,
It is washed with deionized again after washing 2 times with clear water 2 times, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 50 targets
Envelope is stand-by；Maize straw powder is placed in Muffle furnace high temperature heating in vacuum, wherein heating time 48h, heating temperature 500
DEG C, after having reacted, rinsed 2 times with deionized water, 105 DEG C drying to constant weight, after the quasi- sub-sieve screening materials of 100 targets, sieve
Lower object is cornstalk biological charcoal；
Above two charcoal is taken, by m (sludge organism charcoal/g): m (cornstalk biological charcoal/g)=2 mixing will mix
Charcoal is placed in conical flask, and the sodium citrate solution of 100g/L is added, wherein m (mixed biologic charcoal/g): (sodium citrate is molten by v
Liquid/mL) conical flask is placed in constant temperature oscillator and vibrated with ParafilmTM bottleneck by=1:30, and wherein reaction temperature is
40 DEG C, frequency of oscillation 400rpm, reaction time 6h, after reaction, mixed biologic charcoal is rinsed with deionized water, will be mixed
Drying to constant weight for 105 DEG C of charcoal, obtains complex repairation agent；
Heavy-metal contaminated soil is mixed with complex repairation agent, wherein m (heavy-metal contaminated soil/g): m (complex repairation
Agent/g)=10, it is aged 42d, the bioavailable state content through V, Cr, Cu in detection soil reduces 16%, 35% and respectively
84%.
By Examples 1 and 2 it is found that sludge and agriculture and forestry organic waste material are prepared into charcoal by the present invention respectively, can be mentioned after mixing
Ash content and carbon content in high compound adsorbent improve its activity, recycle sodium citrate solution to be modified, significantly improve mixed
The adsorption capacity of charcoal is closed, gained compound adsorbent can be adsorbed for various metals ion in heavy metal soil, be applied
Range is wide, with good application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent, it is characterised in that: be prepared by following methods:
A, prepared by sludge organism charcoal: for sludge after high-temperature vacuum heats, washing, drying obtain sludge organism charcoal；
B, prepared by charcoal: for agriculture and forestry organic waste material after high-temperature vacuum heats, washing, drying obtain agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal；
C, agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal obtained by sludge organism charcoal obtained by step A and step B is mixed, obtains mixed biologic charcoal；
D, by mixed biologic charcoal obtained by step C and sodium citrate solution hybrid reaction, after completion of the reaction, washed, drying obtains weight
Metallic pollution soil complex repairation agent.
2. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step A, at least meet
With the next item down:
The water content of the sludge is no more than 15wt%, and granularity is -50 mesh；
The heating time of the high-temperature vacuum heating is 1~6h, and heating temperature is 300~700 DEG C.
3. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described in step A
The granularity of sludge organism charcoal is -100 mesh.
4. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step B, at least meet
With the next item down:
The granularity of the agriculture and forestry organic waste material is -50 mesh；
The agriculture and forestry organic waste material is at least one of stalk, rice husk, pericarp, shell, sawdust or bark；
The heating time of the high-temperature vacuum heating is 1~8h, and heating temperature is 300~900 DEG C.
5. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: described in step B
The granularity of agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal is -100 mesh.
6. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step C, the sludge
The mass ratio of charcoal and agriculture and forestry organic waste material charcoal is 0.2~5:1.
7. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step D, the lemon
Acid sodium solution is prepared by following methods: 40~160g sodium citrate being dissolved in 1000mL deionized water, lemon is configured to
Lemon acid sodium solution.
8. heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step D, the mixing
The mass volume ratio of charcoal and sodium citrate solution is 1g:10~60mL.
9. described in any item heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent according to claim 1~8, it is characterised in that: step D
In, the temperature of the reaction is 10~80 DEG C, and the time of reaction is 1~12h.
10. using the method for according to any one of claims 1 to 99 described in any item heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent rehabilitating soils,
It is characterized in that: with heavy-metal contaminated soil complex repairation agent being in mass ratio that 4~20:1 is uniformly mixed by contaminated soil, ageing is not
Less than 28 days.
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| CN110149833A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-23 | 阜阳师范学院 | A method of application charcoal improves soil |
| CN111560251A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-21 | 华南师范大学 | Soil conditioner prepared from solid waste and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112275788A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 东华大学 | Method for solidifying and stabilizing heavy metal ions in soil by using sludge-based biochar |
| CN113732046A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for removing soil heavy metals by using agriculture and forestry waste leaching liquor |
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