CN109574443A - A kind of process system using self- propagating pyrolytic incineration disposition oily sludge - Google Patents
A kind of process system using self- propagating pyrolytic incineration disposition oily sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN109574443A CN109574443A CN201811625988.5A CN201811625988A CN109574443A CN 109574443 A CN109574443 A CN 109574443A CN 201811625988 A CN201811625988 A CN 201811625988A CN 109574443 A CN109574443 A CN 109574443A
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- oily sludge
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013072 incoming material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000378 teratogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of process system using self- propagating pyrolytic incineration disposition oily sludge, the process system includes oily sludge pretreatment system, self- propagating system for pyrolyzing and burning, flue gas cooling oil water collection system, system for cleaning fume, slag treatment system and sewage disposal system, this process system present invention disposes oily sludge using self- propagating pyrolytic incineration method, oily sludge self-energy can not only be made full use of to carry out self- propagating pyrolytic incineration, and the part petroleum resources in oily sludge can be recycled, realize the innoxious and comprehensive utilization of resources of oily sludge.Have many advantages, such as that cost of disposal is low, occupied area is few, low energy consumption, gas total emission volumn is low, the greasy filth residue after harmlessness disposing can carry out oil well backfill, soil improvement for disposition simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a process system for harmless and resource treatment of oily sludge through self-propagating pyrolysis incineration.
Background
The oil-containing sludge is mainly oil sludge and oil sand generated in the production and transportation processes of the petroleum exploration and development industry and the petrochemical industry, is a 'companion product' of petroleum production, is one of main pollution sources of the petroleum production, and has the characteristics of large production amount, high oil content, high heavy oil component content and the like. The oily sludge contains harmful substances with teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic (triply) effects such as benzene series, phenols, anthracene, pyrene and the like, and odorous substances such as sulfides and the like, is listed as hazardous solid waste (HW 08), and is taken into the hazardous waste for management. If the oily sludge cannot be timely and effectively treated, the surrounding environment is affected to different degrees.
At present, oily sludge is treated in a plurality of ways, including solidification treatment technology, biological treatment method, thermochemical washing method, solvent extraction method, thermal desorption method, incineration treatment and the like, but the treatment process has respective limitations. For example, in thermochemical washing and solvent extraction processes, a large amount of chemical agents are required to be added, the treatment cost is high, and the residue after treatment still needs secondary treatment; and for another example, although the biological treatment process reduces the use of medicaments, the treatment period is longer, the selectivity on raw materials is strong, the actual production requirement is difficult to meet, crude oil cannot be recovered, and energy is wasted. In practical application, the incineration method is generally adopted due to the advantages of simple treatment process, less investment and the like, but the conventional incineration disposal methods adopting a grate furnace, a fluidized bed furnace and a rotary kiln expose the problems of incomplete treatment, secondary pollution of fly ash and the like in the production process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a process system for disposing oily sludge by using a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration method, which not only fully utilizes the energy of the oily sludge, but also recovers part of petroleum resources in the oily sludge, thereby realizing the harmless and recycling comprehensive utilization of the oily sludge.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a process system for treating oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration is characterized in that: the process system comprises an oily sludge pretreatment system, a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system, a flue gas cooling oil-water collection system, a flue gas purification treatment system, a residue treatment system and a sewage treatment system; wherein,
the oily sludge pretreatment system comprises a raw material buffer bin, an auxiliary material buffer bin, a metering belt, a material mixing belt, a conveying screw and a double-screw mixer which are sequentially arranged; the raw material buffer bin is fed to a conveying screw, then passes through a metering belt, and then is conveyed to a double-screw mixer together with auxiliary materials through a mixing belt to be uniformly mixed, and after the mixing is finished, the raw material is conveyed to a distributor through a feeding belt and enters a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system;
the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system comprises a distributor, a self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator, an ignition device and a fan; the oily sludge is uniformly distributed in a distributing section of a trolley of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator through the distributing device, and after the distribution is finished, the oily sludge sequentially enters a drying preheating section, an ignition section, a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section and a residue cooling section of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator through the forward movement of the trolley, so that the oily sludge pyrolysis incineration process is finished; cooling the oil sludge pyrolysis incineration residue and then feeding the cooled oil sludge pyrolysis incineration residue into a residue treatment system; the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration refers to pyrolysis incineration of the oily sludge, which is completed by self-propagating heat through the heat and mass transfer process of solid materials and gas on the premise of not turning over the materials;
the smoke cooling oil-water collecting system comprises a heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator;
the flue gas purification treatment system comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat recoverer, a quench tower, an active carbon injection device, a bag type dust collector, a deacidification tower, a denitration tower, a demister and a chimney, and the flue gas of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator enters the flue gas purification treatment system for deep purification treatment and then is discharged up to the standard.
The residue treatment system comprises a residue coarse breaking device, a residue buffer bin, a bucket elevator, a conveying belt, a residue fine breaking device and a residue storage bin.
Preferably, the conveying screw and the double-screw conveyor both adopt a shaftless screw form.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise incineration residues and biomass (bran shells, crushed straws and the like), when the oil content of the oil-containing sludge incoming material is more than 6% and the water content is less than 60%, only the incineration residues are added, otherwise, two auxiliary materials are required to be added simultaneously.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise incineration residues and biomass (bran shells and crushed straws), the ratio of the incineration residues to the oily sludge raw materials is 1: 4-3: 7, and the adding amount of the biomass is 1% -5% of the total weight of the mixed materials.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise incineration residues and biomass (bran shells and crushed straws), the particle size of the incineration residues is 5-10 mm (95%), and when the crushed straws are adopted by the biomass, the length of the crushed straws is less than 50mm (95%).
Preferably, the auxiliary material is fed to the weighing belt by an auxiliary material bin in a disc feeder mode.
Preferably, the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator adopts multi-stage circulation of flue gas. The specific implementation mode is that the preheated flue gas from the secondary combustion chamber of the flue gas treatment system is subjected to dehydration, drying and preheating of an oily sludge mixture through a drying and preheating section of a self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator, then enters a flue gas cooling oil-water collection system for cooling and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated low-temperature flue gas enters a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section, and the non-condensable organic gas in the flue gas and the oxygen in leaked air are incinerated and removed; the method comprises the following steps that flue gas of the upper stage of a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section enters a flue gas cooling oil-water collecting system to be cooled and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated low-temperature flue gas enters the lower stage of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section to be incinerated to remove non-condensable organic gas in the flue gas and oxygen in air leakage, and the classification level of circulating flue gas of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section is set to be 3-4 levels according to the processing capacity; and the last stage of flue gas enters a residue cooling section, cools the residue and then enters a flue gas treatment system.
Preferably, the temperature of the preheated flue gas is 700-750 ℃, the temperature of the preheated oily sludge mixture is 95-105 ℃, the water content of the dried oily sludge mixture is reduced by 8-10%, the temperature of the circulating flue gas after being cooled in the gas cooling oil-water collecting system is less than 60 ℃, and the temperature of the residue after being cooled is less than 100 ℃.
Preferably, the ignition temperature of the ignition section is 880-900 ℃, the pyrolysis incineration material layer temperature of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section is 900-1100 ℃, the thickness of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration material layer is 500-600 mm, and the treatment time is 50-70 min.
Preferably, the tail part of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator is provided with a residue buffer bin and a tail dust remover. And a single-toothed-roller crusher is arranged in the residue caching bin, and the residues are crushed and coarsely crushed and then discharged into a residue treatment system.
Preferably, the cooling residue gets into residue processing system, at first adopts the coarse broken device of residue, then gets into the residue surge bin, and the residue surge bin ejection of compact is through sieving mechanism, and the residue that will accord with the particle diameter and be 5~10mm returns supplementary feed bin through carrying the spiral, and other residues are carried through conveyor belt, fill and are carried to the broken device of residue, get into the residue after the breakage and store the storehouse.
Preferably, the residue coarse crushing device is a hammer crusher with crushing grain size less than 15 mm; the residue fine crushing device preferably adopts a four-roller three-crushing crusher, and the crushing particle size is less than 1.3 mm.
Preferably, the flow of the flue gas purification treatment system is as follows: the flue gas from the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator passes through a primary waste heat recoverer, exchanges heat with the flue gas of a secondary combustion chamber and then enters the secondary combustion chamber for high-temperature secondary combustion treatment; one part of the high-temperature exhaust smoke of the secondary combustion chamber returns to a drying and preheating section of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator for drying and preheating the oily sludge mixture, the other part of the high-temperature exhaust smoke passes through a primary waste heat recoverer to exchange heat with the smoke of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator, then passes through a secondary waste heat recoverer to exchange heat with air, and the air after heat exchange is used as combustion-supporting air of the ignition section of the secondary combustion chamber and the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator; the flue gas passing through the secondary waste heat recoverer sequentially passes through the quench tower, the activated carbon injection device, the bag type dust collector, the activated carbon adsorption tower, the main fan, the denitration tower, the deacidification tower and the demister, and finally is discharged by a chimney in an organized and standard-reaching manner.
Preferably, the temperature of the combustion flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber is 750-850 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas in the furnace is more than 2s, the temperature of the air after heat exchange by the secondary waste heat recoverer is 240-260 ℃,
preferably, sewage discharged by the flue gas cooling oil-water collecting system and the flue gas purifying system enters a sewage treatment system, and more preferably, the sewage can enter an oil field united station for treatment.
The method utilizes the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration method to treat the oily sludge, not only can fully utilize the self energy of the oily sludge to carry out the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration, but also can recover partial petroleum resources in the oily sludge, and realizes the harmless and resource comprehensive utilization of the oily sludge. Simultaneously has the following advantages: the treatment cost is low, the occupied area is small, the treatment energy consumption is low, the total gas discharge amount is low, and the oil sludge residue after harmless treatment can be used for oil well backfill, soil improvement and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to the present invention.
The respective symbols in the figure are as follows:
1-raw material buffer bin; 2, conveying a screw; 3. 4, 5-measuring belt; 6. 8-auxiliary material buffer storage; 7. 9-a disk feeder; 10-a mixing belt; 11-a double-helix mixer; 12-a feeding belt; 13-a distributor; 14-a material distribution section; 15-drying and preheating section; 16-a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section; 17-a cooling section; 18-self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator; 19-tail dust remover; 20-single toothed roll crusher; 21-machine tail residue buffer storage; 22-25-gas-liquid separator; 26-a heat exchanger; 27-31-a fan; 32-a combination station or sewage treatment system; 33-a residue coarse breaking device; 34-a residue buffer bin; 35-a screening device; 36-a conveying screw; 37. 39-a conveyor belt; 38-bucket lifting; 40 fine crushing device for residues; 41-a residue storage bin; 42-a residue transport vehicle; 43-first-stage waste heat recoverer; 44-secondary waste heat recoverer; 45-second combustion chamber; 46-a quench tower; 47-chilled water pump; 48-quick cooling water tank; 49-activated carbon injection means; 50-bag type dust collector; 51-an activated carbon adsorption tower; 52-total blower; 53-a denitration tower; 54-denitrifier circulating pump; 55-a denitrifier storage tank; 56-deacidification tower; 57-alkali liquor circulating pump; 58-an alkali liquor circulating tank; 59-a demister; 60-a chimney; 61-air; 62-gas; 63-ignition device, 64-ignition section.
Detailed Description
The apparatus and method provided by the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration comprises an oily sludge pretreatment system, a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system, a flue gas cooling oil-water collection system, a flue gas purification treatment system, a residue treatment system and a sewage treatment system.
The oily sludge pretreatment system comprises a raw material buffer bin 1, auxiliary material buffer bins 6 and 8, a metering belt, mixing belts 3-5, a conveying screw 2, a double-screw mixer 11 and the like; the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system comprises a distributor 13, a self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator 18, an ignition device 63, fans 27-31 and the like; the smoke cooling oil-water collecting system comprises a heat exchanger 26, gas-liquid separators 22-25 and the like; the flue gas purification treatment system comprises a secondary combustion chamber 45, waste heat recoverers 43 and 44, a quenching tower 46, an activated carbon injection device 49, a bag type dust remover 50, an deacidification tower 56, a denitration tower 53, a demister 59, a chimney 60 and the like; the residue treatment system comprises a residue rough-breaking device 33, a residue buffer bin 34, a bucket elevator 38, conveying belts 37 and 39, a residue fine-breaking device 40, a residue storage bin 41 and the like.
The following description will be made of the treatment method by taking the treatment of an incoming oily sludge material with an oil content of 6.3% and a water content of 58% at a certain time as an example:
incoming materials are fed to a conveying screw 2 through a raw material buffer bin 1, then the incoming materials are measured through a measuring belt 3, incineration residues are fed to a measuring belt 4 from an auxiliary material bin 6 through a disc feeder 7, the ratio of the incineration residues to oily sludge is 1:3, then the oily sludge and the incineration residues are conveyed to a double-screw mixer 11 through a mixing belt 10 to be uniformly mixed, and after the mixing is finished, the oily sludge and the incineration residues are conveyed to a distributor 13 through a feeding belt 12 to enter a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system.
The oily sludge is uniformly distributed in a distributing section 14 of a self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator trolley through a distributor 13, and after the distribution is finished, the oily sludge sequentially enters a drying preheating section 15, an ignition section 64, a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section 16 and a residue cooling section 17 of a self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator 18 through the forward movement of the trolley, so that the oily sludge pyrolysis incineration process is finished, and the duration of the whole pyrolysis incineration process is 65 min.
The self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator 18 employs a four-stage circulation of flue gas. The specific implementation mode is that the preheated flue gas from the secondary combustion chamber 45 of the flue gas treatment system passes through a drying and preheating section 15 of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator to dehydrate, dry and preheat the oily sludge mixture, the moisture content is 35% after drying and preheating, the temperature is 101 ℃, then the flue gas enters a flue gas cooling oil-water collecting system to be cooled and then passes through a gas-liquid separator 22, the separated low-temperature flue gas enters a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section 16, and the non-condensable organic gas in the flue gas and the oxygen in leaked air are incinerated and removed; the flue gas of the upper stage of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section 16 enters a flue gas cooling oil-water collecting system for cooling and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated low-temperature flue gas enters the lower stage of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section 16 for incineration to remove non-condensable organic gases in the flue gas and oxygen in air leakage, and the flue gas of the last stage enters a residue cooling section 17 for cooling residues and then enters a flue gas treatment system.
The flue gas purification treatment system comprises the following processes: the temperature of the flue gas from the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator is 132 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is 540 ℃ after heat exchange by the primary waste heat recoverer 43, and then the flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 45 and is subjected to high-temperature secondary combustion treatment; the smoke temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is 750 ℃, one part of high-temperature smoke returns to the drying and preheating section 15 of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator for drying and preheating the oily sludge mixture, the other part of the high-temperature smoke exchanges heat with the smoke of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator through the primary waste heat recoverer 43, the temperature of the smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber after heat exchange is 281 ℃, then the temperature of the smoke outlet of the secondary combustion chamber after heat exchange is exchanged heat with air 61 through the secondary waste heat recoverer 44, the temperature of the air after heat exchange is 250 ℃, the temperature of the smoke is 220 ℃, and the air after heat exchange is used as combustion-supporting air of the secondary; the flue gas passing through the secondary waste heat recoverer 44 sequentially passes through a quenching tower 46, an activated carbon injection device 49, a bag type dust collector 50, an activated carbon adsorption tower 51, a main fan 52, a denitration tower 53, a deacidification tower 56 and a demister 59, and is finally discharged to the atmosphere after reaching the standard in an organized manner through a chimney 60.
The temperature of the oil-containing sludge pyrolysis incineration residue is 100 ℃ after cooling, the oil-containing sludge pyrolysis incineration residue is crushed to be below 50mm by a single-toothed-roller crusher 20 in a tail residue buffer bin 21, the residue enters a residue coarse crushing device 33 and then enters a residue buffer bin 34, the residue buffer bin 34 discharges materials and passes through a screening device 35, the residue with the particle size of 5-10 mm returns to an auxiliary material buffer bin 6 through a conveying screw 36, and other residues are conveyed to a residue fine crushing device 40 through a conveying belt 37, a bucket lifting conveyor 38 and a conveying belt 39 and enter a residue storage bin 41 after being crushed.
Claims (12)
1. A process system for treating oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration is characterized in that: the process system comprises an oily sludge pretreatment system, a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system, a flue gas cooling oil-water collection system, a flue gas purification treatment system, a residue treatment system and a sewage treatment system; wherein,
the oily sludge pretreatment system comprises a raw material buffer bin, an auxiliary material buffer bin, a metering belt, a material mixing belt, a conveying screw and a double-screw mixer; the raw material buffer bin is fed to a conveying screw, then passes through a metering belt, and then is conveyed to a double-screw mixer together with auxiliary materials through a mixing belt to be uniformly mixed, and after the mixing is finished, the raw material is conveyed to a distributor through a feeding belt and enters a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system;
the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration system comprises a distributor, a self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator, an ignition device and a fan; the oily sludge is uniformly distributed in a distributing section of a trolley of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator through the distributing device, and after the distribution is finished, the oily sludge sequentially enters a drying preheating section, an ignition section, a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section and a residue cooling section of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator through the forward movement of the trolley, so that the oily sludge pyrolysis incineration process is finished; cooling the oil sludge pyrolysis incineration residue and then feeding the cooled oil sludge pyrolysis incineration residue into a residue treatment system; the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration refers to pyrolysis incineration of the oily sludge, which is completed by self-propagating heat through the heat and mass transfer process of solid materials and gas on the premise of not turning over the materials;
the smoke cooling oil-water collecting system comprises a heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator;
the flue gas purification treatment system comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat recoverer, a quench tower, an active carbon injection device, a bag type dust collector, a deacidification tower, a denitration tower, a demister and a chimney, and the flue gas of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator enters the flue gas purification treatment system for deep purification treatment and then is discharged after reaching the standard;
the residue treatment system comprises a residue coarse breaking device, a residue buffer bin, a bucket elevator, a conveying belt, a residue fine breaking device and a residue storage bin.
2. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary materials comprise incineration residues and biomass, comprise bran shells, crushed straws and the like, when the oil content of an oil-containing sludge incoming material is more than 6% and the water content is less than 60%, only the incineration residues are added, otherwise, two auxiliary materials are added simultaneously; the proportion of the incineration residue to the oily sludge is 1: 4-3: 7, and the addition amount of the biomass is 1-5% of the total weight of the mixed materials; furthermore, the particle size of the incineration residue is required to be more than 95% of 5-10 mm, and when the biomass adopts crushed straws, the length of the crushed straws is less than 50mm and is more than 95%.
3. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conveying screw and the double-screw conveyor both adopt a shaftless screw form, and preferably, the auxiliary material is fed to the weighing belt by the auxiliary material bin in a disc feeder mode.
4. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator adopts multi-stage circulation of flue gas, the preheated flue gas from a secondary combustion chamber of the flue gas treatment system is subjected to dehydration, drying and preheating on the oily sludge mixture through a drying and preheating section of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator, then enters a flue gas cooling oil-water collection system for cooling and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated low-temperature flue gas enters a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section, and the non-condensable organic gas in the flue gas and the oxygen in leaked air are incinerated and removed; the method comprises the following steps that flue gas of the upper stage of a self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section enters a flue gas cooling oil-water collecting system to be cooled and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated low-temperature flue gas enters the lower stage of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section to be incinerated to remove non-condensable organic gas in the flue gas and oxygen in air leakage, and the classification level of circulating flue gas of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section is set to be 3-4 levels according to the processing capacity; and the last stage of flue gas enters a residue cooling section, cools the residue and then enters a flue gas treatment system.
5. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature of the hot flue gas is 700-750 ℃, the temperature of the oil-containing sludge mixture after preheating is 95-105 ℃, the water content after drying is reduced by 8-10%, the temperature of the circulating flue gas after cooling in the gas cooling oil-water collecting system is less than 60 ℃, and the temperature of the residue after cooling is less than 100 ℃.
6. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ignition temperature of the ignition section is 880-900 ℃, the temperature of a pyrolysis incineration material layer of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration section is 900-1100 ℃, the thickness of the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration material layer is 500-600 mm, and the treatment time is 50-70 min.
7. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tail part of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator is provided with a residue caching bin and a tail dust remover, a single-toothed-roller crusher is arranged in the residue caching bin, and the residue is crushed and coarsely crushed and then discharged into a residue treatment system.
8. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling residue gets into residue processing system, at first adopts the coarse broken device of residue, then gets into residue surge bin, and the residue surge bin ejection of compact is through sieving mechanism, and the residue that will accord with the particle diameter and be less than 10mm returns supplementary feed bin through carrying the spiral, and all the other residues are carried through conveyor belt, fill and are carried to the fine broken device of residue, get into the residue after the breakage and store the storehouse.
9. The process system for disposing oily sludge by self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 8, wherein: the residue coarse crushing device preferably adopts a hammer crusher, and the crushing particle size is less than 15 mm; the residue fine crushing device preferably adopts a four-roller three-crushing crusher, and the crushing particle size is less than 1.3 mm.
10. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flue gas from the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator passes through a primary waste heat recoverer, exchanges heat with the flue gas of a secondary combustion chamber and then enters the secondary combustion chamber for high-temperature secondary combustion treatment; one part of the high-temperature exhaust smoke of the secondary combustion chamber returns to a drying and preheating section of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator for drying and preheating the oily sludge mixture, the other part of the high-temperature exhaust smoke passes through a primary waste heat recoverer to exchange heat with the smoke of the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator, then passes through a secondary waste heat recoverer to exchange heat with air, and the air after heat exchange is used as combustion-supporting air of the ignition section of the secondary combustion chamber and the self-propagating pyrolysis incinerator; the flue gas passing through the secondary waste heat recoverer sequentially passes through the quench tower, the activated carbon injection device, the bag type dust collector, the activated carbon adsorption tower, the main fan, the denitration tower, the deacidification tower and the demister, and finally is discharged by a chimney in an organized and standard-reaching manner.
11. The process system for disposing the oily sludge by utilizing the self-propagating pyrolysis incineration as claimed in claim 10, wherein the temperature of combustion flue gas in the combustion chamber is 750 to 850 ℃, the residence time of the flue gas in the furnace is more than 2s, and the temperature of air after heat exchange by the secondary waste heat recoverer is 240 to 260 ℃.
12. The process system for disposing oily sludge by utilizing self-propagating pyrolysis incineration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sewage discharged by the flue gas cooling oil-water collecting system and the flue gas purifying system enters a sewage treatment system, and more preferably can enter an oil field united station for treatment.
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