CN109572396B - 一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统 - Google Patents

一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统 Download PDF

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CN109572396B
CN109572396B CN201710903983.3A CN201710903983A CN109572396B CN 109572396 B CN109572396 B CN 109572396B CN 201710903983 A CN201710903983 A CN 201710903983A CN 109572396 B CN109572396 B CN 109572396B
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CN109572396A (zh
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柳建新
林湛乔
王春雷
邹占江
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Prestolite Electric Weifang Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,与汽车的驱动轮连接,用于为汽车提供混合动力,所述系统包括:动力装置,包括发动机、第一电机和第二电机,用于为汽车提供混合动力;动力耦合装置,分别与发动机、第一电机和第二电机连接,所述发动机位于动力耦合装置的第一侧,所述第一电机和第二电机位于动力耦合装置的第二侧,用于实现发动机、第一电机和第二电机的输出动力之间的耦合;离合装置,分别与动力装置和动力耦合装置连接,用于改变发动机、第一电机和第二电机的工作状态。与现有技术相比,本发明具有体积小、成本低、动力传输模式多以及解决漏油等问题等优点。

Description

一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力系统,尤其是涉及一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统。
背景技术
随着能源与环境问题日益严重,国家大力发展新能源汽车。目前国内搭载耦合器的混合动力系统有AMT并联系统,但AMT变速器技术在国内尚不成熟,而且换挡期间动力中断较为明显,车辆驾驶舒适性较差,推广起来存在较大问题。另外一种主流系统是双排行星齿轮结构的设计,该构型虽然可以弥补同轴混联系统动力性不足及AMT并联系统模式切换平顺性的问题,但是一方面这种设计由于设计结构的问题,导致两个电机只能位于双排行星齿轮结构的两侧,从而导致整个系统的体积庞大,不便于安装,另一方面由于空心轴的设计存在诸多的漏油问题;另外双电机扭矩较大导致系统成本较高。随着补贴额度逐渐退坡,为系统推广增加了更大的难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题提供一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,与汽车的驱动轮连接,用于为汽车提供混合动力,所述系统包括:
动力装置,包括发动机、第一电机和第二电机,用于为汽车提供混合动力;
动力耦合装置,分别与发动机、第一电机和第二电机连接,所述发动机位于动力耦合装置的第一侧,所述第一电机和第二电机位于动力耦合装置的第二侧,用于实现发动机、第一电机和第二电机的输出动力之间的耦合;
离合装置,分别与动力装置和动力耦合装置连接,用于改变发动机、第一电机和第二电机的工作状态。
所述动力耦合装置包括:
单排行星排,第一侧通过离合装置与发动机连接,第二侧通过离合装置分别与第一电机和第二电机连接,用于实现发动机、第一电机和第二电机的输出动力之间的耦合;
输出传动轴,分别与单排行星排的第二侧和汽车的驱动轮连接,用于将单排行星排输出的耦合动力传输至汽车的驱动轮。
所述单排行星排包括太阳轮、行星架和齿圈,所述太阳轮与行星架连接共同构成单排行星排的第一侧,所述齿圈与行星架连接单独构成单排行星排的第二侧,所述发动机通过离合装置与行星架连接,所述第一电机通过离合装置与齿圈连接,所述第二电机通过离合装置与太阳轮连接。
所述动力耦合装置还包括减速器组件,所述减速器组件分别与第一电机、第二电机和单排行星排连接,用于对第一电机和第二电机的输出扭矩进行减速增扭。
所述减速器组件包括第一减速器和第二减速器,所述第一减速器分别与第一电机和单排行星排连接,所述第二减速器分别与第二电机和单排行星排连接。
所述离合装置包括:
第一锁止离合器,分别与发动机和动力耦合装置连接,用于决定发动机是否参与动力输出;
第二锁止离合器,分别与第二电机和动力耦合装置连接,用于决定第二电机在混合动力输出的情况下是否参与发电;
模式离合器,分别与第一电机和动力耦合装置连接,用于决定第一电机在纯电动输出以及混合动力输出的情况下是否提供动力输出。
所述系统还包括电机控制装置,所述电机控制装置分别与第一电机和第二电机连接,用于控制第一电机和第二电机的工作状态。
所述电机控制装置包括供电电源和电机控制器,所述供电电源与电机控制器连接,所述电机控制器分别与第一电机和第二电机连接。
所述供电电源包括动力蓄电池。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)通过将发动机布置于动力耦合装置的第一侧,同时将第一电机和第二电机布置于动力耦合装置的第二侧,实现两个电机的同侧布置,同时基于这种同侧布置的方式,将离合装置分别与发动机、第一电机、第二电机和动力耦合装置连接,从而通过离合控制实现多种动力输出模式的切换,这种布置方式大大减小了系统的体积,利于推广。
(2)动力耦合装置包括单排行星排和输出传动轴,单排行星排与现有的双排行星排的结构相比,因为双行星排结构原因,中间轴油封安装位置位于系统总成两侧,电机轴与中间轴间隙较小,油封没有足够的润滑油润滑,而中间轴变速箱部分连接同轴度较差,中间轴径向跳动较大,油封磨损严重,导致油封密封失效,因此存在着十分严重的漏油问题,而本发明提出的结构则有效的解决了漏油问题,提高了系统性能。
(3)发电机通过离合装置与行星架连接,第一电机通过离合装置与齿圈连接,第二电机通过离合装置与太阳轮连接,这种连接方式,大大提高了系统的机械效率,在纯电动模式下,通过控制离合装置可以实现两个电机同时进行动力输出以及第二电机单独进行动力输出,在双电机同时输出动力时,由于本发明提出的连接方式,使得两个电机的输出扭矩实现解耦,提高了工作效率;在混合动力输出时,在离合装置的控制下会产生四种动力输出模式,由于连接方式的设置,解决了功率循环等问题。
(4)动力耦合装置还包括减速器组件,具体包括与第一电机连接的第一减速器和第二电机连接的第二减速器,第一减速器和第二减速器可以将第一电机和第二电机的输出进行减速增扭,提高系统的工作效率。
(5)第一锁止离合器的设置使得系统可以在需要时将发动机隔离,从而使系统可以工作在电动模式和混合动力模式中进行切换;第二锁止离合器的设置可以在需要时将第二电机隔离,从而使得发动机的输出动力完全输出至驱动轮,而不会被第二电机消耗用于电能的存储,模式离合器的设置可以在需要时将第一电机隔离,解决了由于第二电机的扭矩输出带动第一电机发生空转,从而导致的弱磁损耗现象。
(6)系统还包括电机控制装置,且电机控制装置包括供电电源和电机控制器,电机控制器可以对第一电机和第二电机的工作状态进行控制,提高系统工作效率,而供电电源为动力蓄电池,一方面可以为电机供电,另一方面在发动机工作时,可以将产生的多余电能储存起来,提高能量利用效率。
附图说明
图1为基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统的结构示意图;
图2为动力耦合装置的结构示意图;
图3为基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统在纯电动工作模式下不同状态中车速与最大输出扭矩的对应关系图;
图4为基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统在混合动力工作模式下不同状态中车速与最大输出扭矩的对应关系图;
其中,1为发动机,2为动力耦合装置,3为第一电机,4为第二电机,5为动力蓄电池,6为电机控制器,7为输出传动轴,8为车桥,9为齿圈,10为行星架,11为太阳轮,12为第一锁止离合器,13为第二减速器,14为模式离合器,15为第一减速器,16为第二锁止离合器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本实施例中提供了一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,与汽车的驱动轮连接,用于为汽车提供混合动力,该系统包括:动力装置,包括发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4,用于为汽车提供混合动力;动力耦合装置2,分别与发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4连接,发动机1位于动力耦合装置2的第一侧,所述第一电机3和第二电机4位于动力耦合装置2的第二侧,用于实现发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4的输出动力之间的耦合;离合装置,分别与动力装置和动力耦合装置2连接,用于改变发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4的工作状态。
其中,动力耦合装置2包括:单排行星排,第一侧通过离合装置与发动机1连接,第二侧通过离合装置分别与第一电机3和第二电机4连接,用于实现发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4的输出动力之间的耦合;输出传动轴7,分别与单排行星排的第二侧和汽车的驱动轮连接,用于将单排行星排输出的耦合动力传输至汽车的驱动轮。单排行星排包括太阳轮11、行星架10和齿圈9,太阳轮11与行星架10连接共同构成单排行星排的第一侧,齿圈9与行星架10连接单独构成单排行星排的第二侧,发动机1通过离合装置与行星架10连接,第一电机3通过离合装置与齿圈9连接,第二电机4通过离合装置与太阳轮11连接。动力耦合装置2还包括减速器组件,减速器组件分别与第一电机3、第二电机4和单排行星排连接,用于对第一电机3和第二电机4的输出扭矩进行减速增扭。减速器组件包括第一减速器15和第二减速器13,第一减速器15分别与第一电机3和单排行星排连接,第二减速器13分别与第二电机4和单排行星排连接。离合装置包括:第一锁止离合器12,分别与发动机1和动力耦合装置2连接,用于决定发动机1是否参与动力输出;第二锁止离合器16,分别与第二电机4和动力耦合装置2连接,用于决定第二电机4在混合动力输出的情况下是否参与发电;模式离合器14,分别与第一电机3和动力耦合装置2连接,用于决定第一电机3在纯电动输出以及混合动力输出的情况下是否提供动力输出。系统还包括电机控制装置,电机控制装置分别与第一电机3和第二电机4连接,用于控制第一电机3和第二电机4的工作状态。电机控制装置包括供电电源和电机控制器6,供电电源与电机控制器6连接,电机控制器6分别与第一电机3和第二电机4连接。供电电源包括动力蓄电池5。
根据上述结构实现的混合动力系统如图1所示,其中动力耦合装置2的结构如图2所示,从图中可以看出,发动机1通过第一锁止离合器12与行星架10连接,第一电机3通过模式离合器14与第一减速器15连接,第一减速器15连接到齿圈9上,第二电机4通过第二减速器13与太阳轮11连接,动力耦合装置2的输出传动轴7连接到用于连接驱动轮的车桥8上,第一电机3和第二电机4分别与电机控制器6连接,电机控制器6与动力蓄电池5连接。
通过上述结构,该混合动力系统具有不同的工作模式,具体的模式以及在不同模式下各离合器的工作状态如表1所示:
表1混合动力系统的工作模式表
模式 模式离合器 第一锁止离合器 第二锁止离合器
EV1 结合 结合 分离
EV2 分离 结合 分离
EVT1 分离 分离 分离
EVT2 结合 分离 分离
EVT3 分离 分离 结合
EVT4 结合 分离 结合
上表中提到的各个模式,其中EV1和EV2为纯电动模式下的两种模式,EVT1~EVT4为混合动力模式下的四种模式,各个模式的具体实现如下:
EV1:车辆起步或爬坡过程中第二锁止离合器16分离、模式离合器14、第一锁止离合器12结合,第一电机3输出扭矩经过第一减速器15降速增扭后输出至齿圈9;第二电机4输出扭矩经过第二减速器13降速增扭后输出至太阳轮11,行星架10锁止,太阳轮11将增扭后的扭矩输出至齿圈9,扭矩耦合以后输出至传动轴。在EV1模式下,第一电机3与第二电机4同时参与纯电动行驶,因此纯电动爬坡能力大大提高。
EV2:当车辆行驶至较高车速时,车辆无需大扭矩输出,此时模式离合器14、第二锁止离合器16分离、第一锁止离合器12结合,发动机1锁止。该模式下第一电机3不参与工作,由第二电机4单独驱动整车纯电动行驶,第二电机4输出扭矩经过第二减速器13降速增扭后输出至太阳轮11,然后通过齿圈9输出至传动轴。在EV2模式下,因为第一电机3不转动,从而减少弱磁损耗,因此纯电动效率大大提高。
EVT1:当车辆行驶至较高车速时,此时模式离合器14、第一锁止离合器12、第二锁止离合器16分离。发动机1介入工作在最佳工作点,发动机1通过行星齿轮机构进行功率分流,一部分能量通过太阳轮11作用在第二电机4进行发电,一部分能量通过齿圈9输出至传动轴,该模式下第一电机3不参与工作,第二电机4发电储存至动力电池,为后续纯电动行驶提供能量。该工作模式解决了传统行星排构型需求功率较小时第一电机3空转而导致系统效率较低的问题。
EVT2:当车辆在中高车速需要爬坡或者超车时,模式离合器14结合,第一锁止离合器12、第二锁止离合器16分离,发动机1通过行星齿轮机构进行功率分流,一部分能量通过太阳轮11作用在第二电机4进行发电,一部分能量通过经齿圈9分流以后输出至传动轴,第一电机3输出扭矩经第一减速器15降速增扭以后输出至齿圈9,与发动机1分流扭矩耦合以后输出至传动轴。该工作模式解决了中高速混合动力模式下发动机1单独驱动能力不足的问题。
EVT3:当车辆行驶至高车速时,此时模式离合器14、第一锁止离合器12分离,第二锁止离合器16结合,第一电机3、第二电机4均不参与工作且保持零转。该模式下发动机1输出扭矩经齿圈9直接输出至传动轴,发动机1进入直驱模式,该模式解决行星排混合动力系统高速工况下进入功率循环以及第一电机3转速过高带来的系统效率较低的问题。
EVT4:当车辆在高车速需要超车时,此时第一锁止离合器12分离,模式离合器14、第二锁止离合器16结合,第二电机4不参与工作。该模式下发动机1输出扭矩经齿圈9直接输出至传动轴,发动机1进入直驱模式,第一电机3输出扭矩经第一减速器15降速增扭以后输出至齿圈9,与发动机1输出扭矩耦合以后输出至传动轴。该模式解决行星排混合动力系统高速工况下发动机1直驱功率不足的问题。
从上述执行过程可以看出,该混合动力系统构型属于多模系统,通过模式离合器14和两个锁止离合器形成两种纯电动工作模式和四种混合动力工作模式,分别适应不同的工况需求。上述两种纯电动工作模式和四种混合动力工作模式有着各自不同的优势。从图3、图4可以看出,同一车速下不同工作模式均有自己对应的最大输出扭矩,在实际的行驶过程中根据具体工况及车辆需求选择合适的工作模式。
其具体的两种纯电动工作模式适应的行驶工况及优势如下:
EV1:双电机参与驱动,因此扭矩解耦。在解决纯电动工况低速爬坡能力不足问题的同时,保证两个电机都可以工作在高效区间;
EV2:解决纯电动工况下需求扭矩较小时,单电机驱动的同时另一个电机空转带来的系统效率低下的问题;
其具体的四种混合动力工作模式适应的行驶工况及优势如下:
EVT1:该混合动力工作模式下,第一电机3不参与工作。解决了行星排系统混合动力模式下第一电机3空转带来的系统效率低下的问题;
EVT2:该混合动力工作模式下,第一电机3参与助力,解决了中高速工况下发动机1驱动功率不足的问题;
EVT3:该混合动力工作模式下,第一电机3、第二电机4均不参与工作,发动机1进入直驱模式。解决了行星排系统在高速工况下进入功率循环以及第一电机3转速过高带来的系统效率较低的问题;
EVT4:该混合动力工作模式下,第二电机4锁止不参与工作,第一电机3参与助力,该模式解决行星排混合动力系统高速工况下发动机1直驱功率不足的问题。
该混合动力系统,因其特殊的行星排构型设计可以实现多模切换,有效解决原有行星排系统存在的诸多缺陷。在满足整车爬坡及加速性能要求的同时可以减少第一电机3和第二电机4的峰值转矩;在满足整车行驶工况要求的同时实现电机直驱模式和发动机1直驱模式;同时因为是单排设计,有效解决了双排系统存在的漏油问题。基于上述优势在满足整车需求的同时可以减小双电机系统的设计需求,成本低。同时因为解决了漏油问题又大大增加了系统的可靠性。在整车性能优势方面,因为同时存在电机直驱模式和发动机1直驱模式,因此系统效率大大提高。在补贴逐渐退坡的国家政策环境下,该系统具有较大优势,因此该混合动力系统具有较大的推广空间。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,与汽车的驱动轮连接,用于为汽车提供混合动力,其特征在于,所述系统包括:
动力装置,包括发动机、第一电机和第二电机,用于为汽车提供混合动力;
动力耦合装置,分别与发动机、第一电机和第二电机连接,所述发动机位于动力耦合装置的第一侧,所述第一电机和第二电机位于动力耦合装置的第二侧,用于实现发动机、第一电机和第二电机的输出动力之间的耦合;
离合装置,分别与动力装置和动力耦合装置连接,用于改变发动机、第一电机和第二电机的工作状态;
所述动力耦合装置包括:
单排行星排,第一侧通过离合装置与发动机连接,第二侧通过离合装置分别与第一电机和第二电机连接,用于实现发动机、第一电机和第二电机的输出动力之间的耦合;
输出传动轴,分别与单排行星排的第二侧和汽车的驱动轮连接,用于将单排行星排输出的耦合动力传输至汽车的驱动轮;
所述单排行星排包括太阳轮、行星架和齿圈,所述太阳轮与行星架连接共同构成单排行星排的第一侧,所述齿圈与行星架连接单独构成单排行星排的第二侧,所述发动机通过离合装置与行星架连接,所述第一电机通过离合装置与齿圈连接,所述第二电机通过离合装置与太阳轮连接;
所述动力耦合装置还包括减速器组件,所述减速器组件分别与第一电机、第二电机和单排行星排连接,用于对第一电机和第二电机的输出扭矩进行减速增扭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述减速器组件包括第一减速器和第二减速器,所述第一减速器分别与第一电机和单排行星排连接,所述第二减速器分别与第二电机和单排行星排连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述离合装置包括:
第一锁止离合器,分别与发动机和动力耦合装置连接,用于决定发动机是否参与动力输出;
第二锁止离合器,分别与第二电机和动力耦合装置连接,用于决定第二电机在混合动力输出的情况下是否参与发电;
模式离合器,分别与第一电机和动力耦合装置连接,用于决定第一电机在纯电动输出以及混合动力输出的情况下是否提供动力输出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括电机控制装置,所述电机控制装置分别与第一电机和第二电机连接,用于控制第一电机和第二电机的工作状态。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述电机控制装置包括供电电源和电机控制器,所述供电电源与电机控制器连接,所述电机控制器分别与第一电机和第二电机连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于双电机动力耦合的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述供电电源包括动力蓄电池。
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