CN109572096A - 一种吸声降噪封闭板及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种吸声降噪封闭板及其制作方法，所述吸声降噪封闭板包括钢结构框架(1)、外板密封装饰(2)、消音棉(3)、高密度透气玻璃布(4)和钢丝网支撑(5)，所述钢结构框架(1)为镂空的正六面体或者为正六面体支撑架，自降噪封闭板外侧至内侧，在钢结构框架(1)内依次安装外板密封装饰(2)、消音棉(3)、高密度透气玻璃布(4)和钢丝网支撑(5)。该发明可以应用到干法选煤的选煤环境中，其不仅仅具有隔音、降噪、防止热量损失等技术效果，亦可以与干选机之间形成封闭空间，向此密闭空间中补充热风，进而提高干选机的环境温度，提升干选系统的工作效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保设备技术领域，具体涉及一种吸声降噪封闭板及其制作方法，其适用于干选选煤环境。
背景技术
吸声板是一种理想的吸声装饰材料，通常应用于大剧院、音乐厅、影剧院、录音室、演播厅、监听室、会议室、体育馆、展览馆、歌舞厅、KTV包房，家庭影视厅工厂、静音室、法庭、报告厅、审讯室等声学场所的吸声墙板、天花吊顶板。
随着现代生活的需要，吸声板也被应用到交通隔音降噪方面，例如高速公路或城市交通的声屏障。在现代工业生产中，一些工业设备也会产生大量噪声，严重地影响了工人的身体健康。如何将现有技术中的吸声板及声屏障转用到工业生产中，存在很多不适应的问题。
随着环保需求的提高，如何解决上述问题变得越来越急迫。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明人经过多次设计和研究，提供了一种吸声降噪封闭板及其制作方法，其尤其可以应用到干法选煤的选煤环境中，其不仅仅具有隔音、降噪、防止热量损失等技术效果，亦可以与干选机之间形成封闭空间，向此密闭空间中补充热风，进而提高干选机的环境温度，提升干选系统的工作效率。
依据本发明技术方案的第一方面，提供一种吸声降噪封闭板，其包括钢结构框架1、外板密封装饰2、消音棉3、高密度透气玻璃布4和钢丝网支撑5，所述钢结构框架1为镂空的正六面体，或者为正六面体支撑架，自降噪封闭板外侧至内侧，依次安装外板密封装饰2、消音棉3、高密度透气玻璃布4和钢丝网支撑5。
其中，所述消音棉3包括第一消音棉301、第二消音棉302和第三消音棉303，各层消音棉可以根据噪音的分贝大小设计成三层或多层形式；第一消音棉301、第二消音棉302和第三消音棉303优选不同隔音密度的消音棉。第一消音棉301的密度近似或等于第三消音棉303的密度，第二消音棉302的密度大于第三消音棉303和第一消音棉301的密度，其中第二消音棉302的隔音能级大于第三消音棉303的隔音能级和第一消音棉301的隔音能级。
优选地，第二消音棉301的密度近似或等于第三消音棉303的密度，第一消音棉302的密度大于第三消音棉303和第二消音棉301的密度，其中第一消音棉302的隔音能级大于第三消音棉303的隔音能级和第二消音棉301的隔音能级。
进一步地，多块吸声降噪封闭板组合为吸声降噪封闭板组合体，在吸声降噪封闭板组合上设置环境参数监测集成系统，环境参数监测集成系统包括温度及温度变化监测系统、噪声及噪声变化监测系统、湿度及湿度变化监测系统和粉尘浓度监测系统、火情监测及预报通讯系统。进一步还设置有物料水分含量监测系统。所有监测系统的监测数据通过安全(防爆)通讯系统传输到中央监测控制平台。
更进一步地，吸声降噪封闭板21整体包围干选机主机20，在干选机主机20四周及顶部设置吸声降噪封闭板21，干选机料仓22位于吸声降噪板之外，其通过管道口216与吸声降噪板包围起来的干选机主机20相连。
依据本发明的第二方面，制作上述吸声降噪封闭板的方法包括以下步骤：
(1)把钢结构框架1制作完成之后，平铺在地面上，按照要求的尺寸，将钢丝网支撑5安进钢结构框架1内并且固定好；
(2)把高密度透气玻璃布4铺在钢丝网支撑5上，再放入消音棉3；
(3)将消音棉3摆放平整后，将外板密封装饰2扣上；
(4)外板密封装饰2四周和搭接处用胶枪涂上一圈密封胶。
本发明的吸声降噪封闭板及其制作方法与现有技术相比，本发明的具有如下优点：
1.自动化程度高；外观质量好，表面平整。
2.制作工艺简单，没有化学品污染，提高了工人作业环境。
3.防火性能卓越，岩棉不燃烧、不释放热量和有毒烟气，火灾时可以有效隔断火焰。
4.岩棉具有较高的吸声系数，保温岩棉板的单位面积内密度越大，吸声效果越好。
本发明结构简单稳定、设计合理，值得广泛的推广应用。
附图说明
图1为应用本发明吸声降噪封闭板的干选系统的剖视图；
图2为吸声降噪封闭板组合体的第一侧视图；
图3为吸声降噪封闭板组合体的第二侧视图；
图4为依据本发明的降噪封闭板剖面内部结构示意图；
图5为图4所示降噪封闭板中的内部降噪棉结构示意。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。另外地，不应当将本发明的保护范围仅仅限制至下述具体结构或部件或具体参数。
本发明所提供的新型吸声降噪封闭板是在本申请发明的第一代吸声降噪封闭板研发得到的，其专用于复合式干法成套设备。第一代降噪防尘封闭板内喷涂聚氨酯硬泡，聚氨酯硬泡有保温、隔热性能、质量轻等特点，但是其缺点也很明显，隔噪效果不明显，它是将聚氨酯预聚物、发泡剂、催化剂等组成，当干选物料从干选系统中微泄漏或处于高温环境时，聚氨酯物料会迅速膨胀并与高温气体接触时会发生固化反应形成泡沫，影响使用或产生生产事故。
如图1所示，将本发明的吸声降噪封闭板应用到干选系统中，围绕干选系统四周设置吸声降噪封闭板21，也就是使用吸声降噪封闭板21整体包围干选机主机20，在干选机主机20四周及顶部设置吸声降噪封闭板21，干选机料仓22位于吸声降噪板之外，其通过管道口216与吸声降噪板包围起来的干选机主机20相连。
如图2所示，围绕干选机主机的吸声降噪封闭板组合体由多块吸声降噪封闭板拼装而成，根据现场实测噪声强度，选择不同降噪能级的吸声降噪封闭板来组装为吸声降噪封闭板组合。进一步地，在现场安装的吸声降噪封闭板组合体上设置环境参数监测集成系统，环境参数监测集成系统包括温度及温度变化监测系统、噪声及噪声变化监测系统、湿度及湿度变化监测系统和粉尘浓度监测系统、火情监测及预报通讯系统，进一步还设置有物料水分含量监测系统。所有监测系统的监测数据通过安全(防爆)通讯系统传输到中央监测控制平台，进行后续改造的依据。
吸声降噪封闭板组合体包括吸声降噪封闭板211、安全门214、吸声降噪封闭板顶板(顶盖)212和透明(光)板213；安全门214用于进出吸声降噪封闭板组合体，便于维修或维护干选机主机20；透明(光)板213用于从吸声降噪封闭板组合体外侧观察干选机主机20运转情况，吸声降噪封闭板顶板(顶盖)212从顶部封闭干选机主机20。这为监控系统自动控制失灵的紧急情况下，提供了安全保障应急措施。
进一步地，如图3所示，吸声降噪封闭板组合体包括可开启的窗户215，其用于开启并用于调节吸声降噪封闭板组合体内的温度或粉尘浓度。还进一步设置有管道口216，便于位于吸声降噪板组合体之外的干选机料仓22通过管道口216与吸声降噪板组合体包围起来的干选机主机20相连。
所述吸声降噪封闭板组合体为一封闭的组合体，其可以应用到干法选煤的选煤环境中，其不仅仅具有隔音、降噪、防止热量损失等技术效果，亦可以与干选机之间形成封闭空间。为了提升干法选煤的效率，依据物料水分含量监测系统的数据，通过设置在吸声降噪封闭板组合体上的热气体调节系统向吸声降噪封闭板组合体加注热气体量，以提升干选机主机工作环境温度，进而有效提升干选机的工作效率。必要时，也可以通过泄压调节阀降低干选机主机的工作环境压力，通过热气体调节系统降低干选机主机的工作环境温度，确保运行安全。上述的一系列调节和控制，可以进程手动调节，也可以利用中央监测控制平台实施远程操作。
如图4所示的吸声降噪封闭板剖面内部结构示意图；其包括钢结构框架1、外板密封装饰2、消音棉3、高密度透气玻璃布4和钢丝网支撑5，所述钢结构框架1为镂空的正六面体，或者为正六面体支撑架，自降噪封闭板外侧至内侧，依次安装外板密封装饰2、消音棉3、高密度透气玻璃布4和钢丝网支撑5。如图5所示，所述消音棉3包括第一消音棉301、第二消音棉302和第三消音棉303，各层消音棉可以根据噪音的分贝大小设计成三层或多层形式；优选第一消音棉301、第二消音棉302和第三消音棉303优选不同隔音密度的消音棉。经过多次实验，在综合考量降噪及保温的因素，在中国南方高温环境下，选择第一消音棉301的密度近似或等于第三消音棉303的密度，第二消音棉302的密度大于第三消音棉303和第一消音棉301的密度，其中第二消音棉302的隔音能级大于第三消音棉303的隔音能级和第一消音棉301的隔音能级。在中国北方低温环境下，选择第二消音棉301的密度近似或等于第三消音棉303的密度，第一消音棉302的密度大于第三消音棉303和第二消音棉301的密度，其中第一消音棉302的隔音能级大于第三消音棉303的隔音能级和第二消音棉301的隔音能级。消音棉优选岩棉，岩棉间隙较为蓬松，吸声效果好。
本发明的吸声降噪封闭板制作过程如下：把钢结构框架1制作完成之后，平铺在地面上，按照要求的尺寸，将钢丝网支撑5安进钢结构框架1内并且固定好，再把高密度透气玻璃布4铺在钢丝网支撑5上，再放入消音棉3，摆放平整后，将外板密封装饰2扣上，并且外板密封装饰2四周和搭接处用胶枪涂上一圈密封胶。所述密封胶采用耐高温密封胶。
钢丝网支撑5可以是不锈钢丝编制网，也可以是普通钢丝网，用于将消音棉夹住且不让其脱落。高密度透气玻璃布是防止消音棉的玻璃纤维四处飞溅，还能保证噪音声波可以透过玻璃布进入消音棉中被吸收。外板密封装饰就是外面看美观，而且外板和框架都是用密封胶密封的，减少噪音外溢。
本发明的吸声降噪封闭板中消音棉厚度一般为30mm-90mm，外框架厚度一般为50-180mm，玻璃布一般为0.1-3毫米，钢丝网支撑一般为1mm-5.5㎜，外板密封装饰一般为0.1毫米-2.5毫米，优选消音板中消音棉厚度25mm、45mm、60mm，外框厚度优选80mm、100mm，玻璃布优选0.8mm、1.0mm、1.3mm，钢丝网支撑优选2.0mm、2.5㎜、3.0mm，外板密封装饰优选0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm。采用这些规格适于批量化采购且吸声降噪效果较好。
采用本发明的吸声降噪封闭板，优势在于：
1、自动化程度高；外观质量好，表面平整。
2、制作工艺简单，没有化学品污染，提高了工人作业环境。
3、防火性能卓越，岩棉不燃烧、不释放热量和有毒烟气，火灾时可以有效隔断火焰。
4、岩棉具有较高的吸声系数，保温岩棉板的单位面积内密度越大，吸声效果越好。本发明结构简单稳定、设计合理，值得广泛的推广应用。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。本领域普通的技术人员可以理解，在不背离所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以在形式和细节中做出各种各样的修改。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸声降噪封闭板，其包括钢结构框架(1)、外板密封装饰(2)、消音棉(3)、高密度透气玻璃布(4)和钢丝网支撑(5)，所述钢结构框架(1)为镂空的正六面体或者为正六面体支撑架，自降噪封闭板外侧至内侧，在钢结构框架(1)内依次安装外板密封装饰(2)、消音棉(3)、高密度透气玻璃布(4)和钢丝网支撑(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，所述消音棉(3)包括第一消音棉(301)、第二消音棉(302)和第三消音棉(303)，各层消音棉可以根据噪音的分贝大小设计成三层或多层形式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，第一消音棉(301)、第二消音棉(302)和第三消音棉(303)为不同隔音密度的消音棉。
4.根据权利要求2所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，第一消音棉(301)的密度近似或等于第三消音棉(303)的密度，第二消音棉(302)的密度大于第三消音棉(303)和第一消音棉(301)的密度，其中第二消音棉(302)的隔音能级大于第三消音棉(303)的隔音能级和第一消音棉(301)的隔音能级。
5.根据权利要求2所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，第二消音棉(301)的密度近似或等于第三消音棉(303)的密度，第一消音棉(302)的密度大于第三消音棉(303)和第二消音棉(301)的密度，其中第一消音棉(302)的隔音能级大于第三消音棉(303)的隔音能级和第二消音棉(301)的隔音能级。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，多块吸声降噪封闭板组合为吸声降噪封闭板组合体，在吸声降噪封闭板组合上设置环境参数监测集成系统，环境参数监测集成系统包括温度及温度变化监测系统、噪声及噪声变化监测系统、湿度及湿度变化监测系统和粉尘浓度监测系统、火情监测及预报通讯系统。
7.根据权利要求6所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，吸声降噪封闭板组合体设置有物料水分含量监测系统。
8.如权利要求7所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，监测系统的监测数据通过安全(防爆)通讯系统传输到中央监测控制平台。
9.如权利要求1-8之任一所述的吸声降噪封闭板，其特征在于，吸声降噪封闭板(21)整体包围干选机主机(20)，在干选机主机(20)四周及顶部设置吸声降噪封闭板(21)，干选机料仓(22)位于吸声降噪板之外，其通过管道口(216)与吸声降噪板包围起来的干选机主机(20)相连。
10.制作上述权利要求1-5之任一所述的吸声降噪封闭板的方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)把钢结构框架(1)制作完成之后，平铺在地面上，按照要求的尺寸，将钢丝网支撑(5)安进钢结构框架(1)内并且固定好；
(2)把高密度透气玻璃布(4)铺在钢丝网支撑(5)上，再放入消音棉(3)；
(3)将消音棉(3)摆放平整后，将外板密封装饰(2)扣上；
(4)外板密封装饰(2)四周和搭接处用胶枪涂上一圈密封胶。
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