CN109572076A - 用于制造复合车辆构件的方法和压制模具以及复合车辆构件 - Google Patents

用于制造复合车辆构件的方法和压制模具以及复合车辆构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109572076A
CN109572076A CN201811103663.0A CN201811103663A CN109572076A CN 109572076 A CN109572076 A CN 109572076A CN 201811103663 A CN201811103663 A CN 201811103663A CN 109572076 A CN109572076 A CN 109572076A
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China
Prior art keywords
metal component
component
function
building blocks
fibrous material
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CN201811103663.0A
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Inventor
A·伯切尔
G·福特迈尔
F·赫克尔
M·克尔纳
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Publication of CN109572076A publication Critical patent/CN109572076A/zh
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    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C43/183—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould
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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造复合构件(1)的方法，其中，将金属构件(3)和纤维材料(7)、如纤维材料层堆叠在压制模具中汇合并且连接，纤维材料(7)在压制过程中通过冲挤三维成形为功能构件(4)、至少部分地时效硬化并直接与金属构件(3)接合，由纤维增强塑料制成的功能部件(4)的成形以及与金属部件(3)的接合在一个方法步骤中进行。本发明还涉及一种复合构件(1)以及机动车。

Description

用于制造复合车辆构件的方法和压制模具以及复合车辆构件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造复合车辆构件的方法、一种压制模具以及一种复合车辆构件。
背景技术
金属材料、尤其是钢和铝在车辆制造中是常见的。基于重量优势，也越来越多地研发由纤维增强塑料(FVK)制成的车辆构件。通过减轻重量可减少CO2排放和环境污染。金属材料和纤维增强材料的协同效应可通过复合结构实现。因此，车辆构件、尤其是车身构件和/或底盘构件越来越多地制造成复合结构。在此，金属基体或金属构件借助纤维增强复合材料部分区域地增强。通过这种方式获得碰撞性能改进的轻质结构。
除了在构件技术方面改进车辆构件之外，还力求以尽可能低成本地制造它们。
复合车辆构件的制造在制造技术方面相对复杂。此外，通常分别单独制造各个构件，然后再将它们彼此连接。除了机械和粘合技术之外，还已知直接的形锁合喷溅(verspritzen)。
EP 2 990 308 B1描述了一种用于机动车的轴架和一种用于制造轴架的方法。在此提供具有热塑性基质的纤维增强塑料层堆叠。然后，将堆叠加热至熔化温度并引入冲挤模具中。在那里堆叠在冲挤过程中这样成形，使得堆叠的第一层成形为下壳并且堆叠的第二层成形为肋条结构。下壳和肋条结构构造成一体的。在下壳和肋条结构脱模后，将其与由金属材料制成的上壳接合成轴架。
EP 2481569 B1也公开了一种用于制造机动车构件的方法，该机动车构件包括金属构件和与金属构件连接的、由纤维复合材料制成的增强元件。在此也制成纤维材料层堆叠。该堆叠被成形到金属体上，在成形期间或成形之后压合堆叠与基体。
具有金属基体和由纤维复合材料制成的增强元件的复合车辆构件、尤其是B柱及其制造方法通过DE 10 2011 009 892 A1或DE 10 2011 050 701 A1也属于现有技术。在此增强元件与金属体面状地压合。
DE 10 2014 108 293 A1公开了一种用于制造轻质构件的方法。该轻质构件由金属板、嵌入热塑性树脂基质中的纤维织物或纤维稀松布以及纤维增强塑料块制成。为了制造轻质构件，将包括上模和下模的模具移动到打开位置中。随后，将金属板从下方插入调温的上模中并将其固定。下模具有向上定向的突出部。在这些突出部之间引入加热的纤维增强塑料。嵌入热塑性树脂基质中的纤维织物或纤维稀松布称为有机板。将有机板加热、放置到突出部上并将其覆盖。随后，将模具移动到闭合位置中。在此挤压有机板并且另外由纤维增强塑料形成设置在有机板和下模之间的结构。在闭合模具时，有机板通过纤维增强塑料的流动被压入金属板的相对应轮廓中并且相应于下模的几何形状由纤维增强塑料形成轻质构件的结构。
在金属板和纤维增强塑料之间的连接通过在中间加入有机板直接或间接地实现。另外，可在金属构件和有机板之间设置递质层(Transmitterschicht)。
轻质构件的这种制造是复杂的并且显得需要改进。
发明内容
基于现有技术，本发明的任务在于提供一种用于制造复合构件的、制造技术改进的合理方法并提供一种制造技术改进的负荷性能优化的复合构件、尤其是复合车辆构件。
所述任务的方法部分通过根据权利要求1的方法解决。
根据本发明的复合构件是权利要求13的技术方案。
本发明的有利实施方式和扩展方案是从属权利要求的技术方案。
复合构件、尤其是复合车辆构件包括金属构件和由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件。金属构件优选由钢或轻金属、尤其是铝或铝合金制成。为了制造复合构件，在压制模具中汇合金属构件和纤维材料、尤其是通过热塑性基质预浸渍的纤维材料。为此将金属构件和纤维材料送入压制模具中、使其相对于彼此定位并在压制过程中在温度和压力下使其彼此连接。在压制过程中，纤维材料通过冲挤被三维成形为功能构件、至少部分地时效硬化并且直接与金属构件接合。
术语“直接”在本发明意义中表示通过冲挤三维成形的功能构件在接合区域中直接与金属构件接合。在功能构件和金属构件之间存在直接接触，在此，金属构件可选地可具有涂层、如阴极浸渍涂漆(KTL)、漆或增附剂。根据本发明不设置由置入热塑性塑料基质中的纤维织物或纤维稀松布制成的附加接合层(有机板)。
成形、尤其是功能构件的最终成形根据本发明在与功能构件和金属构件接合的同一方法步骤中完成。因此，纤维增强塑料或纤维材料的冲挤和接合集成在一个方法步骤中。
在压制模具中对纤维材料加压成形。在该过程中产生这样高的压力，使得加热的纤维材料不仅成形而且直接与金属构件接合。功能构件的成形和与金属构件的接合同时在一个压制过程中进行。在金属构件和纤维复合塑料结构接合时，在功能构件和金属构件之间产生力锁合、形锁合和/或材料锁合的连接。
本发明意义中的功能构件在复合车辆构件中尤其是具有加固和/或增强功能。
根据本发明使用的纤维材料可作为堆叠、即一叠预浸渍的纤维材料层被提供。但也可使用不同种类的纤维材料。它们可被塑料或树脂浸渍或含有塑料/树脂沉积(Harzdepot)。也可在压制过程中从外部输入或注入树脂。
以堆叠形式上下叠置定位的纤维材料层是短和/或长纤维垫。它们被树脂浸渍、优选被热塑性塑料基树脂浸渍。
纤维增强塑料的纤维选自包括天然纤维、合成纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、金属纤维和/或矿物纤维、尤其是碳纤维或玄武岩纤维的组。
纤维材料或纤维材料的纤维可设置为织物或稀松布或单轴或多轴或准各向同性的无规纤维。纤维长度可以是无限的、短的或长的。织物和/或稀松布和/或无规纤维以及由不同长度的纤维制成的混合物可用作纤维材料。
尤其是金属构件构造成壳状的并且具有大致U形的横截面且具有一个基部腹板和两个侧腿。功能构件尤其是设置在壳状金属构件的内侧。在此功能构件在侧腿之间横向延伸。
由FVK制成的功能构件与基部腹板和/或侧腿接合。
为了制造复合功能组件，提供金属构件。
金属构件可以是平面板、预成形模制件(预成形件)或已经成形或最终成形的金属构件。金属构件也可构造为铸件。
按本发明的方法的一种实施方式规定，在压制过程中将平面金属板坯或金属模制件压制成最终形状。这表示金属板或金属构件与纤维材料一起成形并最终成形并且两种材料配合件彼此直接接合。
预制或最终成形的金属构件尤其是构造成壳状的。
本发明的一个方面规定，金属构件具有至少局部区域结构化的表面。金属表面的结构化可机械地尤其是通过冲压、刷涂或研磨或通过化学处理以及通过热处理实现。表面的结构化可在金属构件的原料板坯上、在预成形件的情况下或在最终成形的金属构件上进行。
通过金属表面的结构化改善了在金属表面和接合的、由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件之间的附着效果。该措施也有助于提高复合车辆构件的结构刚度。结构化表面尤其是具有钩结构、维可牢搭扣结构和/或爪结构(Krallstruktur)。
此外，通过在压制过程之前将增附剂至少在局部区域上施加到金属构件和/或纤维材料、尤其是纤维材料的上覆盖层上可进一步改善在金属构件和功能构件之间在接合区域中的连接。增附剂尤其是粘合剂、如双组分粘合剂。也可使用热增附剂和/或其它粘合剂体系。
为了成形纤维材料，对其进行调温。为此可至少局部地加热金属构件。这在压制过程之前进行。随后将加热的金属构件置入压制模具中。
对于调温的另一方面规定，在压制过程之前和/或期间和/或之后加热纤维材料。在此，纤维材料可在置入压制模具之前被加热。纤维材料的加热也可在压制模具中进行、更确切地说不仅在闭合压制模具之前而且在其期间或之后进行。
在压制过程之前可为金属构件部分区域地设置覆盖物、掩模或涂层。这样做的目的尤其是在于在压制过程中保护被覆盖的表面区域，使得该区域尤其是不被设置塑料基质。
一种实施方式规定，在与功能构件相邻的区域中在金属构件的表面上形成纤维增强塑料层。这是一个非常薄的皮肤状层。其厚度根据实际实验介于0.2mm和2.0mm之间。
根据本发明的、用于制造复合构件的压制模具包括第一模具部件和第二模具部件。在压制模具的一种有利实施方式中，第一模具部件是压机上模并且第二模具部件是压机下模。第一模具部件具有匹配于金属构件外部轮廓的容纳部。第二模具部件构造用于容纳纤维材料。压制模具的特征在于模腔，该模腔用于在压制过程中通过冲挤纤维材料成形出由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件。同时该模腔也构造成，使得功能构件在冲挤期间与金属构件直接接合。
优选模腔设置在第二模具部件或者说压机下模中。
第一模具部件和第二模具部件可相对于彼此移动和/或彼此一起移动。
压制模具的一种有利于实践的实施方式规定，设置有冲头，该冲头可相对于模腔和/或第一模具部件和/或第二模具部件移动。
在该实施方式中，在第二模具部件中、优选在压机下模中构造有凹口形式的模腔。在模腔内，可运动的中间件形式的冲头从下方插入第二模具部件中。
压制模具可包括多个容纳部、模腔和/或冲头。这样构造压制模具，使得在压制行程中多个功能构件与一个金属构件直接接合。在压制过程中金属构件可同时成型并且被压制成其最终形状。
纤维材料在第二模具部件中在模腔区域中定位在凹口中或上。第二模具部件与模腔相邻地具有匹配于金属构件内部轮廓的支撑轮廓。
在引入纤维材料之后，将金属构件定位在第二模具部件上。在此金属构件可通过保持元件固定。保持元件也可在压制过程中定位金属构件的位置。
随后闭合压制模具。在此使第一模具部件(压机上模)相对于压机下模运动，直到压制模具闭合。压机上模和压机下模相互接触。在一种操纵方法中金属构件以其外部轮廓至少在局部区域上贴靠在压机上模的容纳部中。在压机上模和压机下模接触并且压制模具闭合之后，压机上模和压机下模一起在行程运动方向上移动。在此它们相对于集成在模腔中的冲头运动。在压机上模和压机下模的行程运动完成之后或者与之同时地，使冲头逆着压机上模和压机下模的行程运动移动并且冲挤纤维材料并将其加压成形到其三维最终轮廓中。同时如此形成的功能构件直接与金属构件接合。在此在金属构件和功能构件之间产生直接的力锁合和/或形锁合和/或材料锁合连接。在金属构件和功能构件之间的接合或连接可通过增附剂、如粘合剂或通过连接区域中金属构件表面的结构化来辅助。
为了制造根据本发明的复合构件，也可使用平面金属板坯。这种金属板坯在压制过程中与纤维材料一起成形并形成最终形状。为此，金属板坯成形到压机上模中的容纳部中。同时进行纤维材料的挤压和接合、功能构件的形成以及与金属构件的直接连接。
用于制造根据本发明的复合车辆构件的另一种替代可能性提出一种压制模具，其中未设置单独的可运动的冲头。在该压制模具的压机下模中加工出模腔。该模腔具有匹配于待制造的功能构件的形状的互补轮廓。模腔的浮雕与功能构件的三维轮廓相反地设计。纤维材料、如由堆叠形式的长或短纤维垫制成的纤维材料层堆叠被置入模腔区域中。随后闭合压机上模和压机下模。将纤维材料塑化并冲挤到模腔中。同时一部分纤维复合塑料从模腔区域被挤出并且至少在局部区域上与功能构件和金属构件之间的接合区域相邻地分布在金属表面上。在此产生非常薄的皮肤状FVK层。
在这种工作方法中，也可在金属构件的表面上施加增附剂，更确切地说不仅可完整而且可部分区域地施加增附剂。
根据本发明的复合构件包括金属构件和与金属构件接合的、由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件。功能构件通过冲挤技术由纤维材料、如纤维材料层堆叠制成并且在冲挤过程中在压制模具中不仅成形而且也直接与金属构件结接合。根据本发明的复合构件合理地通过制造方法优化了重量并能承受高的动态负荷和静态负荷。功能构件集成在金属构件上根据负荷设计(belastungsausgelegt)的部位上。
复合构件的一种优选实施方式规定，金属构件是壳状的或在横截面中是U形的且具有一个基部腹板和两个侧腿。功能构件在各侧腿之间横向延伸。功能构件可以在侧腿之间的隔板或肋条的形式构造成壁状的。隔板状构造的功能构件作为壁在侧腿之间延伸。功能构件也可构造成桁架状的。特别有利的是，功能构件与基部腹板和/或侧腿接合。
功能构件优选在整个接触区域上与金属构件直接接合。在冲挤过程中纤维材料三维成形并在接合区域中匹配于金属构件的轮廓。基于肋条状和/或隔板状设计，功能构件尤其是具有加固和增强功能。
具有根据本发明的复合车辆构件或根据本发明方法制造的复合构件的机动车在重量方面得到改进。通过根据本发明的复合车辆构件的设计和使用可在机动车的整个系统中预期负荷性能方面的改善以及进一步的重量减轻。复合车辆构件的低成本以及合理的制造也有助于降低机动车的成本。
附图说明
下面参考附图中所示的实施方式阐述本发明。在附图中：
图1a至1g示出根据本发明的用于制造复合车辆构件的方法的第一种实施方式以及各个方法步骤；
图2在技术上高度简化且示意性地示出在实施根据本发明的制造方法的第二种实施方式时的压制模具；
图3示出具有结构化表面的金属构件的局部图；并且
图4示出金属构件上的表面结构的另一种设计。
具体实施方式
参考图1a至1g说明根据本发明的用于制造复合车辆构件1的方法的第一种实施方式以及用于该方法的压制模具2。
在图1g中示出复合构件或者说复合车辆构件1。图1g以斜下方的透视图示出车辆构件1。该车辆构件1包括壳状的金属构件3和与金属构件3接合的、由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件4。金属构件3由钢材或轻金属材料制成。功能构件4由纤维增强塑料、如玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料制成。
金属构件3在横截面中构造成U形的并且具有一个基部腹板5和两个侧腿6。功能构件4在侧腿6之间横向延伸。功能构件4与基部腹板5和侧腿6在金属构件3和功能构件4之间的整个接触区域上接合。功能构件4用于加固和增强复合车辆构件1。功能构件4按照冲挤技术(flieβpresstechnisch)由纤维材料7制成并且在冲挤过程中直接与金属构件3接合。在这里所描述的实施方式中提供纤维材料层堆叠形式的纤维材料7。
压制模具2包括压机上模8形式的第一模具部件和压机下模9形式的第二模具部件。
压机上模8具有用于金属构件3的容纳部10。该容纳部匹配于金属构件3的外部轮廓。压机下模9具有支撑体11，该支撑体设计成与金属构件3的内部轮廓互补的。在支撑体11两侧延伸出向外定向的边缘条12。在压机下模9中设有凹口13，冲头14可移动地设置在该凹口中。凹口13和冲头14形成模腔15。
为了制造复合车辆构件1，将由纤维材料层制成的纤维材料7置入冲头14上方模腔15内的凹口13中(图1c)。随后放置金属构件3(图1d)。金属构件3可完全或局部区域地设有增附剂、尤其是粘合剂。金属构件3也可至少在应与功能构件4接合的区域中具有结构化表面。
在纤维材料7和金属构件3于压制模具2中的压机下模9上汇合并且定位之后，闭合压制模具2(图1e)。压机上模8从上向下运动(箭头P1)。空气可经由通风口逸出。在压机上模8与压机下模9接触之后，压机上模8和压机下模9一起继续向下运动(箭头P1和P2)。在该行程运动中，金属构件3通过保持元件16固定保持。压机上模8和压机下模9在向下定向的行程运动中克服弹簧元件17的力移动，所述弹簧元件设置在保持元件16下方。接着，冲头14相反地沿向上的行程方向移动(箭头P3)。通过高压和温度的影响，纤维材料7在冲挤过程中三维成形为功能构件4并且同时直接与金属构件3接合。在冲挤过程中功能构件4至少部分地时效硬化。为了成形需要调温。为此可在压制过程之前至少局部地加热金属构件3。当复合车辆构件1的制造紧接在金属构件3热成形之后进行时，成形的金属构件3的余热也可用于冲挤过程。也可行的是，纤维材料7在置入压制模具2之前被加热。另外，也可在闭合压制模具2之前、期间或之后在压制模具2中加热。
图1f示出处于闭合状态的压制模具2，在此冲头14已经升起。由纤维增强塑料FVK构成的堆叠7通过冲挤技术三维成形为功能构件4并与金属构件3接合。在此形成材料锁合连接。在金属构件3上结构化表面的情况下附加地产生形锁合和力锁合连接。
参考图2的示意图说明一种用于制造复合车辆构件18的替代方法。在此使用压制模具19，其包括压机上模20形式的第一模具部件和压机下模21形式的第二模具部件。在压机下模21中存在模腔22。该模腔具有匹配于待制造的功能构件23的外部轮廓的互补轮廓。在所示实施方式中这是用于制造肋条状或壁状功能构件23的空腔。
在压机下模21上在模腔22的区域中定位由纤维材料垫(短或长纤维垫)制成的纤维材料(未示出)、如堆叠。接着，将金属构件24放置到压机下模21上。纤维材料被包围在压机下模21和金属构件24的内部轮廓之间。随后，将压制模具19闭合。在温度和高压的作用下在压制模具19闭合时纤维材料在模腔22中被压力成形并被冲挤。在此在模腔22中纤维材料通过冲挤三维成形为功能构件23并直接与金属构件24接合并且完全或部分地时效硬化。同时，一些纤维增强塑料被挤出模腔22区域并且至少局部区域地在金属构件24的表面上形成薄的皮肤状层25。
在参考图2描述的制造方法中，金属构件24或纤维材料也可在压制过程之前至少在局部区域上设有增附剂。此外，金属构件24至少可在接合面区域中具有结构化表面。可在压制过程之前和/或期间和/或之后加热堆叠。也可在压制过程之前至少局部地加热金属构件24。
图3和4示例性示出金属构件26、27的可能的结构化表面。结构化可通过冲压或类似的机械加工、如刷涂或研磨实现。用于形成结构化表面的化学处理也是可行。表面结构化优选在制造金属构件26、27时例如通过一个附加阶段在成形装置中在冷成形期间进行。表面结构化可实施为侧凹28、凹口29和肋条30以及鳞片状冲压部。
附图标记列表
1 车辆构件
2 压制模具
3 金属构件
4 功能构件
5 基部腹板
6 侧腿
7 纤维材料
8 压机上模
9 压机下模
10 容纳部
11 支撑体
12 边缘条
13 凹口
14 冲头
15 模腔
16 保持元件
17 弹簧元件
18 车辆构件
19 压制模具
20 压机上模
21 压机下模
22 模腔
23 功能构件
24 金属构件
25 皮肤状层
26 金属构件
27 金属构件
28 侧凹
29 凹口
30 肋条
P1 箭头
P2 箭头
P3 箭头

Claims (16)

1.用于制造复合构件(1、18)的方法，该复合构件包括金属构件(3、24)和由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件(4、23)，其中，将所述金属构件(3、24)和纤维材料(7)在压制模具(2、19)中汇合并在压制过程中连接，其特征在于，在压制过程中通过冲挤将所述纤维材料(7)三维成形为功能构件(4、23)、并使其至少部分地时效硬化并且直接与金属构件(3、24)接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，提供壳状的金属构件(3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在压制过程中将金属板成形为所述金属构件。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在压制过程中将功能构件(4、23)成形成肋条状或隔板状的。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，提供具有至少局部区域结构化的表面的金属构件(3、24)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在压制过程之前至少在局部区域上将增附剂、尤其是粘合剂施加到金属构件(3、24)上和/或纤维材料(7)上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的方法，其特征在于，在压制过程之前至少局部地加热金属构件(3、24)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在压制过程之前和/或期间和/或之后加热纤维材料(7)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在压制过程之前为金属构件(3、24)局部区域地设置覆盖物、掩模或涂层。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的方法，其特征在于，在与功能构件(4)相邻的区域中在金属构件(3)的表面(4)上形成纤维增强塑料层(25)。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述纤维增强塑料的纤维选自下述组：天然纤维、合成纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、金属纤维和/或矿物纤维、尤其是碳纤维或玄武岩纤维。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，提供纤维材料层堆叠形式的纤维材料(7)。
13.复合构件，其包括金属构件(3、24)和与金属构件(3、24)接合的、由纤维增强塑料制成的功能构件(4、23)，其特征在于，所述功能构件(4、23)按照冲挤技术由纤维材料(7)制成并且在冲挤过程中直接与金属构件(3、24)接合。
14.根据权利要求13所述的复合构件，其特征在于，所述金属构件(3)在横截面中是U形的并且具有一个基部腹板(5)和两个侧腿(6)，并且所述功能构件(4)在各侧腿(6)之间横向延伸。
15.根据权利要求14所述的复合构件，其特征在于，所述功能构件(4)与基部腹板(5)和/或侧腿(6)接合。
16.机动车，包括根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的复合构件(1)或包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法制造的复合构件(1)。
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