CN109566033A - A kind of simple ammonia volatilization cutting method for coping with different times paddy environment feature - Google Patents
A kind of simple ammonia volatilization cutting method for coping with different times paddy environment feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566033A CN109566033A CN201811422061.1A CN201811422061A CN109566033A CN 109566033 A CN109566033 A CN 109566033A CN 201811422061 A CN201811422061 A CN 201811422061A CN 109566033 A CN109566033 A CN 109566033A
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- additive
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to farmland nutrient management domains, and in particular to a method of rice field ammonia loss by volatilization is cut down for different times paddy environment feature.Specifically: under the premise of judging paddy environment feature；It determines additive component, and environment-friendly material and agriculture waste biomass is selected to be deployed；In each application chemical fertilizer 2 hours, by liquid additive according to 20ml/m2Ratio, solid additives 20-80g/m2Ratio (if adding solids fraction) be sprayed at the Soil surface water Surface mulch entirely exposed water surface.This method inhibits the loss flux of critical period ammonia volatilization after fertilizer, effectively cuts down rice field ammonia loss by volatilization, realize nitrogenous fertilizer synergy emission reduction by multinomial factor collective effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to farmland nutrient management domains, are related to a kind of method for cutting down rice field ammonia loss by volatilization, specially root
The environmental characteristic of ammonia loss by volatilization is influenced according to different times rice field, specific aim deploys additive, passes through multinomial factor collective effect
The loss flux of critical period ammonia volatilization after inhibiting fertile, the final reduction for realizing entire plantation season rice field ammonia loss by volatilization amount.
Background technique
Ammonia volatilization is one of the main path of Total Nitrogen loss.Different from non-irrigated cultivated land, rice field farming is because giving birth to
More than half interim time possesses water layer (Soil surface water).The farmland that exists for of Soil surface water creates anaerobic condition, it is suppressed that nitrification
The process of reaction is to increase the residence time of ammonium nitrogen in the environment.Meanwhile compared to Soil-air interface, water-vapor interface is more
Be conducive to the spilling of amino molecule.Under the action of water layer, the ammonia loss by volatilization ratio in rice field can reach this season nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount
10%-30%.Such a high proportion of loss ratio is to influence crop nitrogen to utilize, lead to the important of nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency reduction
Reason.Therefore, control ammonia loss by volatilization is the key that rice field nitrogen synergy emission reduction.
The existing method for reducing ammonia loss by volatilization, mainly enters from three fertilizer itself, fertilizer additive and skin covering of the surface directions
Hand.Wherein, the method for reducing ammonia volatilization by fertilizer itself mainly passes through addition or the special object of outsourcing in nitrogen fertilizer production
Matter changes release of the nitrogenous fertilizer in farm environment.Ji Ruilin etc. (2008) just reports benefit on " Guilin University of Technology's journal "
The result of study of ammonia volatilization is reduced with bamboo charcoal integument urea；Lu Yanyan Song Fupeng (2011) is then inquired on " Acta Ecologica Sinica "
Influence of the different coated release-controlled ureas to agricultural land soil ammonia volatilization.And the use of fertilizer additive, then it is to add in nitrogen application
Enter other materials, the transhipment and absorption that nitrogenous fertilizer enters nitrogen after soil are regulated and controled with this, nitrogenous fertilizer slowed down in farm environment with this
Rate of release.The method that CN104335749A patent proposes fertilising while using urease inhibitor, postpones hydrolysis of urea with this
Time, to reduce ammonia volatilization；CN1361092 patent, which then discloses, uses humic acid, zeolite powder machine dicyandiamide to increase as nitrogenous fertilizer
Agent is imitated, nitrogen transformation is controlled by suction-operated, the too fast volatilization of urinary nitrogen fertilizer is avoided with this.Pass through skin covering of the surface ammonia volatilization
Method barrier is being formed physically with this, is reducing ammonia volatilization mainly by constructing molecular film in the rice field water surface.
CN1298916 patent discloses the Surface film being made of film forming agent, cosolvent, fixative, thickener and antioxidant.
The method started with from fertilizer itself and fertilizer additive is to slow down the rate of release of nitrogenous fertilizer as main function
Principle.However, the total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer rate of release slowed down there is no change transhipment at ammonia nitrogen.If before slowing down, 10 days after fertilizer
Discharge peak for ammonia volatilization, then after slowing down, after fertilizer in 10 days ammonia volatilization day discharge amount have and reduce to a certain degree, but ammonia
The discharge period of volatilization increases, and entire breeding time or even plantation season ammonia volatilization total emission volumn might not have significant change
Change.In the method that skin covering of the surface is started with, the selection of molecular film construct directly affects molecular film in water-vapor interface residence time
And the inhibitory effect to ammonia volatilization, but the environment friendly of macromolecule organic and degradation pathway are all problems in need of consideration；
On the other hand, molecular film needs to produce in advance, and the liquid solvent of 65%-75% increases the cost of storage and transport.It is heavier
It wants, existing method lacks to because of caused by crop growth the considerations of farm environment dynamic change.Therefore, rice field ammonia is waved
The suppressing method of hair should also have adjustable property, environment friendly, ease for operation while ensuring a suppression of effect.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as rice field ammonia loss by volatilization, the present invention from practical application, provide one kind can according to it is different when
The simple ammonia volatilization suppressing method that phase paddy environment feature is flexibly deployed.It is that one kind can be directed to different times paddy environment
Feature is added agent allotment, realizes multinomial ammonia volatilization impact factor, effectively weakens ammonia volatilization damage in each period rice field with this
The method of mistake.The additive that this method is related to is easy to get, is cheap, environmental-friendly and without deploying, storing in advance or transport, user
Method is simple and convenient.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical method that the present invention uses is as follows:
A kind of simple ammonia volatilization cutting method for coping with different times paddy environment feature, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
A is according to paddy environment feature selecting additive: measuring the vegetation cover degree and Soil surface water layer of current paddy environment
PH value, as the foundation for determining additive component and allotment additive material therefor；
The determination of b additive component: additive form is neat liquid (containing only liquid part), or contains liquid simultaneously
Partially, solid portion；According to a step results, determine whether additive component contains solid portion；
C inhibits the additive allotment of rice field ammonia volatilization: according to a step results, selecting film forming agent and adding proportion；According at
Film attribute decides whether cosolvent and needs which kind of cosolvent；It is added the allotment of agent liquid portion；If b step
As a result judgement needs to increase additivated solid portion, then adaptation to local conditions selection powder biomass and determining adding proportion；
D additive application: after application chemical fertilizer in 2 hours, first according to 20ml/m2Ratio spraying additive from approximately level
Liquid part, it is static to the water surface, according still further to 20-80g/m2Ratio adds solid additives；Wherein, the application of the additive
Frequency: applying chemical fertilizer every time, is both needed to synchronization and uses additive.
Paddy environment feature includes vegetation cover degree, Soil surface water pH value；Additive includes at least liquid portion, and selectively
Contain solid portion；When vegetation cover degree is greater than or equal to 50% in rice field, then additive is only liquid portion；When vegetation in rice field
Cover degree is less than 50%, then additive contains liquid portion, solid portion simultaneously；The solid portion is powder biomass；
The liquid portion includes at least film forming agent, and selectively includes cosolvent.
The solid portion is the lightweight agriculture waste biomass easily obtained, and biomass partial size is 20-40 mesh.Additive
When application, the entire exposed water surface in rice field need to be covered.The frequency of administration: except apply chemical fertilizer after must with additive with
Outside, in the case where there is precipitation interference, need to whether complete according to membrane body and whether occur that Soil surface water ammonium nitrogen concentration can be reduced
Draining behavior, to determine whether additive need to be supplemented.The liquid portion of additive forms a film on Soil surface water surface layer, and in Fei Houguan
The key phase rests between water-gas-bearing formation.Additive liquid part is by film forming agent, cosolvent, water composition, weight percentage are as follows:
20%-30%:0%-5%:65%-80%.
The selection of " film forming agent " material will premised on its environment friendly, with its form a film stay time, pH value,
Price etc. is main reference index.The stressing property of reference index is using different times rice field surface water pH value as selection gist.Work as field
It must include a certain proportion of acid material component (one or more) when forming a film agent material selection when the water pH > 8.0 of face；
As 8.0 > pH of Soil surface water > 7.5, other environmental conditions such as vegetation cover degree and film forming agent attribute such as water surface itself can be integrated and stopped
Time, degradation process product etc. consider whether to need to select acidic materials as film forming agent material；As Soil surface water pH < 7.5,
With the main foundation of film forming agent attribute alternatively itself.Animal and plant fat, fatty acid (such as soya-bean oil, cocounut oil, oleic acid, starch, sheep
Hair rouge, lecithin, beeswax, collagen etc.) the alternatively filmogen of class, one or more ratio groups can also be carried out
It closes.
The selection of " cosolvent " material is mainly determined by the attribute of film forming agent, it is intended that is assisted one or more at membrane material
Material dissolves each other and extends in the water surface.Alcohol and surfactant are alternatively hydrotropy material.Extend for the water surface preferable
Filmogen can not also add cosolvent.
" powder biomass " select mainly be with lightweight agriculture waste biomass it is preferential, such as rice chaff, coco bran, wheat
Stalk etc..
" water " is only needed using tap water or irrigation water (urban river water not contaminated or that wawter bloom occurs).
Other explanations: occurring rainfall in four days after fertilizer, destroys, is not necessarily to without significant to additive film forming if rainfall is smaller
Separately process；If rainfall is larger to have significant destruction to additive film forming (i.e. the film of additive liquid part formation), but does not occur
Draining, need to repeat c, and Step d supplements additive；If rainfall is larger to have significant destruction to additive film forming, and a large amount of rows occur
Water, without separately processing.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention to the inhibition of rice field ammonia volatilization mainly have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, additive Soil surface water surface layer form a film, and after fertilizer the critical period (in 5 days) rest between water-gas-bearing formation, inhibit field
Face water evaporation carries out direct physical barrier to ammonia volatilization.
2, the faintly acid film forming agent in additive can reduce Soil surface water pH value, slow down conversion of the ammonium root to ammonia, reduce ammonia
The spilling of volatilization.
3, the solid matter in additive can hold the part ammonium root in Soil surface water, reduce ammonium nitrogen concentration in Soil surface water,
It reduces ammonia volatilization and forms substrate, reduce ammonia volatilization；It can increase the residence time of the film of additive liquid part formation simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Table 1 shows the allotment for inhibiting ammonia volatilization additive in rice field in embodiment 1；
Table 2 shows the allotment for inhibiting ammonia volatilization additive in rice field in embodiment 2；
Fig. 1 shows in embodiment 1 and handles compared with compareing ammonia loss by volatilization amount；
Fig. 2 shows processing in embodiment 2 compared with compareing ammonia loss by volatilization amount.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
The technical method that the present invention uses is as follows:
A judges paddy environment feature: (1) vegetation cover degree of current paddy environment；(2) pH value of Soil surface water layer；
B determines additive component: additive includes liquid and solid-state two parts.The solid portion of additive not necessarily group
Point, decide whether to add according to a step.When vegetation cover degree is lower than 50% in step a, liquid+solid additives need to be selected；When
When vegetation cover degree is higher than 50%, it is only necessary to select liquid additive.
C allotment inhibits the additive of rice field ammonia volatilization: additive liquid part is by film forming agent, cosolvent, water composition,
Weight percentage are as follows: 20%-30%:0%-5%:65%-80%.It only need to be before use, scene allotment.Solid portion
Predominantly powder biomass, 20-40 mesh partial size are advisable.
D additive application: every time after application chemical fertilizer in 2 hours, first according to 20ml/m2Ratio sprays addition from approximately level
The liquid part of agent, it is static to the water surface, according still further to 20-80g/m2Ratio adds solid additives；
Wherein, the frequency of administration of the additive: applying chemical fertilizer every time, is both needed to synchronization and uses additive.
Embodiment 1
According to needs of production, southern Jiangsu somewhere growth period duration of rice, need to apply fertilizer three times altogether: the base manure phase (when rice shifting is plucked)；Point
Fetilizer for tillering phase (rice shifting is plucked latter 15-20 days), ear manuer phase (rice shifting is plucked latter 40-50 days).
Specific implementation method is as follows:
After applying base manure, firstly, selecting liquid+solid additives according to paddy environment.Add secondly, starting allotment liquid
Add agent.Lecithin, polylactic acid is selected to be deployed as film forming agent, alcohol as cosolvent, film forming agent, cosolvent and on a small quantity
Water stirs after three reaches and dissolves each other uniform stable state, adds remaining water and is added, allotment is to uniformly (allotment ratio is according to table
Shown in 1, percentage is the weight percent that certain component accounts for wholly liquid state additive in table 1), it is spare.Then, solid-state addition is selected
Agent, it is the solid portion of additive that this example, which selects rice chaff,.Finally, carrying out field application: using spraying machine by additive liquid
After part is administered, additive solid portion.
After applying tillering fertilizer, step selects liquid+solid additives with the base manure phase.Wherein, additive liquid part is selected
Lecithin is film forming agent, is not necessarily to cosolvent (allotment ratio is according to shown in table 1), spare；Additive solid portion selects rice chaff.It applies
With step with the base manure phase.
After applying ear manuer, step selects only liquid additive with the base manure phase.Wherein selecting lecithin is film forming agent, helpless
Solvent (allotment ratio according to shown in table 1).Step of applying is the same as the base manure phase.
Practical measurement ammonia loss by volatilization is as the result is shown:
Compared to the field for not applying additive, this method significantly reduces the flux of ammonia volatilization, respectively the base manure phase, point
Fetilizer for tillering phase and ear manuer phase cut down ammonia volatilization nitrogen loss amount 27%, 23% and 27%, realize that entire growth period cuts down 26% (figure
1)。
The allotment of 1 embodiment 1 of table inhibition rice field ammonia volatilization additive
Embodiment 2
According to needs of production, northern Suzhou somewhere growth period duration of rice, need to apply fertilizer four times altogether: the base manure phase (before rice shifting is plucked)；Point
Fetilizer for tillering phase (rice shifting is plucked latter 15-20 days), ear manuer phase (rice shifting is plucked latter 40-45 days), granulated fertilizer (rice shifting is plucked latter 75-85 days).
Specific implementation method such as table 2, step of applying is the same as embodiment 1.
The allotment of 2 embodiment 2 of table inhibition rice field ammonia volatilization additive
Practical measurement ammonia loss by volatilization is as the result is shown:
This method is cut down in base manure phase, tillering fertilizer phase, ear manuer phase and granulated fertilizer phase compared to the field for not applying additive
Ammonia volatilization nitrogen loss amount 41%, 42%, 32% and 30% realizes that entire growth period cuts down 37% (Fig. 2).
To sum up, this ammonia volatilization cutting method must be established premised on practical field conditions feature, catch fertilising latter
The ammonia loss by volatilization critical period in week is deployed by being added agent using environment-friendly material, has strong flexibility, without special
The features such as site requirements, low technical difficulty of operation, while realizing on multiple regulations for influencing the ammonia volatilization process factor, it is finally reached
Cut down the target of ammonia loss by volatilization.
Above example is the description to embodiment of the present invention under the conditions of specific paddy environment, but the present invention does not limit to
In above-mentioned specific embodiment, specific embodiment of the present invention is guide for method, rather than restrictive.Ability
The related personnel in domain under the enlightenment of this specification, in the case where not departing from the range that the claims in the present invention are protected, drills
Become the column that multiple embodiments out belong to protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of simple ammonia volatilization cutting method for coping with different times paddy environment feature, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
A is according to paddy environment feature selecting additive: according to the vegetation cover degree of current paddy environment and Soil surface water pH value, selecting
Additive form；Additive form is neat liquid, or contains liquid portion, solid portion simultaneously；
B additive component determines: according to a step results, determining whether additive component contains solid portion；
C inhibits the additive allotment of rice field ammonia volatilization: according to a step results, selecting film forming agent and adding proportion；According to film forming agent
Attribute decides whether cosolvent and needs which kind of cosolvent；It is added the allotment of agent liquid portion；It is walked also according to a
Rapid result judges whether to need to increase additivated solid portion, if desired, adaptation to local conditions selection powder biomass and determination
Adding proportion；
D additive application: after application chemical fertilizer in 2 hours, first according to 20ml/m2The liquid of ratio spraying additive from approximately level
Part, it is static to the water surface, according still further to 20-80g/m2Ratio adds solid additives；Wherein, the application frequency of the additive
Rate: applying chemical fertilizer every time, is both needed to synchronization and uses additive.
2. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that paddy environment feature include vegetation cover degree,
Soil surface water pH value；Additive includes at least liquid portion, and selectively contains solid portion；When vegetation cover degree is greater than in rice field
Or being equal to 50%, then additive is only liquid portion；When vegetation cover degree is less than 50% in rice field, then additive contains liquid portion simultaneously
Divide, solid portion；The solid portion is powder biomass；The liquid portion includes at least film forming agent, and selects
Property include cosolvent.
3. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that when the pH value of Soil surface water layer > 8, addition
The liquid portion of agent includes at least faintly acid film forming agent；As Soil surface water layer 8.0 > pH > 7.5, according to vegetation cover degree and film forming
Agent attribute itself determines whether to select acidic materials as film forming agent material；As Soil surface water layer pH < 7.5, with film forming agent itself
The foundation of attribute alternatively.
4. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the solid portion be easily obtain it is light
Matter agriculture waste biomass, biomass partial size are 20-40 mesh.
5. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when additive is applied, rice field need to be covered
The entire exposed water surface.
6. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the frequency of administration: except application every time
It must use other than additive after chemical fertilizer, in the case where there is precipitation interference, need to whether complete according to membrane body and whether occur
The draining behavior of Soil surface water ammonium nitrogen concentration can be reduced, to determine whether additive need to be supplemented.
7. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that rainfall occurs in 4-5 days after fertilizer, if drop
Rain destroys additive film forming without significant, then without in addition applying additive；If rainfall has significant destruction to additive film forming, but
It does not drain, c need to be repeated, Step d supplements additive；If rainfall has significant destruction to additive film forming, and a large amount of rows occur
Water, without in addition applying additive.
8. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the liquid portion of additive is in Soil surface water table
Layer film forming, and the critical period rests between water-gas-bearing formation after fertilizer.
9. ammonia volatilization cutting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that additive liquid part is helped by film forming agent
Solvent, water composition, weight percentage are as follows: 20%-30%: 0%-5%: 65%-80%.
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