CN109565495B

CN109565495B - Symbol blocking and guard interval for wireless networks

Info

Publication number: CN109565495B
Application number: CN201780049759.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阿尔汤姆·劳梅夫; 雅罗斯拉夫·P·加基夫; 亚历山大·马尔特瑟夫; 迈克尔·吉纳索尔; 卡洛斯·科尔迪鲁
Original assignee: Intel Corp
Current assignee: Intel Corp
Priority date: 2016-09-09
Filing date: 2017-06-28
Publication date: 2022-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-28
Also published as: WO2018048493A1; CN109565495A

Abstract

In various embodiments, the present disclosure describes symbol blocking structures and Guard Intervals (GIs) used, for example, in connection with Single Carrier (SC) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) single channel and channel bonded transmissions. In one embodiment, the present disclosure may define, for example, short, normal (or medium), and long GI and SC data blocks of three types. In one embodiment, the GI may be defined as a GaN gray sequence having a length N. In another embodiment, the golay sequence may have multiple lengths N to support channel bonding. In addition, the number of golay sequences of the same length may be extended to a Golay Sequence Set (GSS), for example to support MIMO transmissions. In one embodiment, the number of gray sequences in the GSS may correspond to the number of space-time streams.

Description

Symbol blocking and guard interval for wireless networks

Priority status

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No.62/385,890, filed 2016, 9, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for wireless communications, and more particularly to systems and methods for symbol blocking and guard interval for wireless communications.

Background

Various standards are being developed for millimeter (mm) wave (e.g., 60GHz) frequency bands of the spectrum, such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 ay. For example, IEEE802.11ay is one such standard. IEEE802.11ay is related to the IEEE802.11 ad standard, also known as WiGig. IEEE802.11ay attempts to partially increase the transmission data rate between two or more devices in a network, for example, by implementing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network environment for use in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example schematic diagram showing an enhanced directed multi-gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) format in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example graph showing Guard Interval (GI) lengths for different channel bundling factors according to an example embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example schematic diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for an ith space-time stream of a Single Carrier (SC) Single User (SU) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) single channel transmission according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 illustrates an example schematic diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for an ith space-time stream of an SC multi-user (MU) MIMO single channel transmission according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 illustrates an example diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of an SC SU-MIMO channel bonded transmission according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example schematic diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for an ith space-time stream of an SC MU-MIMO channel bonded transmission, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example schematic diagram showing a symbol blocking structure for the i-th space-time stream of SC MU-MIMO channel bonded transmission for long data GIs according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 illustrates an example graph showing weight vectors for different space-time streams, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 10 illustrates an example graph showing GIs for different GI types and different numbers of streams for CB ═ 1, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 illustrates an example graph showing GSS weight vectors for different sequence lengths and different numbers of streams for

CB

2 and 4 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 illustrates an example graph showing GIs for different GI types and different numbers of streams for CB ═ 2, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 13 illustrates an example graph showing GIs for different GI types and different numbers of streams for CB-4 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14 illustrates an example graph showing GSS weight vectors for different number of streams and different sequence lengths for CB-3 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 15 illustrates an example graph showing GIs for different GI types and different numbers of streams for CB-3 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 16 illustrates an example flow diagram showing operation of a transmitting device used in connection with symbol blocking and guard interval definition herein according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 17 shows an example flow diagram illustrating operation of a receiving device used in connection with symbol blocking and guard interval definition herein according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 18 illustrates a functional schematic of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user equipment in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine that can perform any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for providing signaling information to Wi-Fi devices in various Wi-Fi networks according to the IEEE802.11 communication standard, including but not limited to IEEE802.11 ay.

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," "establishing," "analyzing," "checking," or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process (es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes. The terms "plurality" and "a plurality" as used herein include, for example, "a plurality" or "two or more". For example, "a plurality of items" includes two or more items.

References to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "illustrative embodiment," "various embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

Unless indicated to the contrary, the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

In a wireless network, signals may be transmitted and received between a transmitter and a receiver over one or more channels. These channels may introduce distortion in the transmitted and received signals. In order to reduce the effects of distortion and preserve signal integrity, the characteristics of one or more channels at a given time instant may be determined to estimate the distortion introduced to the signals transmitted and received by the channels, i.e., to perform channel estimation.

One technique for performing channel estimation in a wireless system may include transmitting a signal having a predetermined sequence through a transmitter and comparing the received signals in a receiver. For example, auto-and/or cross-correlation may be performed on a received signal having a predetermined sequence to estimate channel characteristics. Since the sequence of the transmitted signal is known to the receiver, the result of the correlation operation produces an estimate of the channel characteristics, e.g., the impulse response of the channel.

For efficient channel estimation, a sequence having predetermined autocorrelation characteristics (e.g., a complementary sequence (e.g., golay complementary sequence)) may be transmitted by a transmitter and autocorrelation by a receiver in, for example, one or more Channel Estimation Fields (CEFs) of a data packet containing the transmitted signal. In one embodiment, a golay complementary sequence may refer to a bipolar-symbol (±) sequence that may be mathematically structured to have particular autocorrelation properties. In particular, one characteristic of the golay complementary sequences is that they can have a sum of auto-correlations equal to a delta function, which can be defined in part as a function on a real line (integral over the whole real line) that is zero at any position other than zero.

In one embodiment, Channel State Information (CSI) may refer to known channel characteristics of a communication link. This information may describe how the signal propagates from the transmitter to the receiver and may represent the combined effects of, for example, power attenuation, scattering, and fading over distance. CSI may enable adjusting transmissions to current channel conditions, which may be important for reliable communication at high data rates in multi-antenna systems. In various embodiments, the present disclosure describes GIs that may be used in conjunction with golay sequences and Golay Sequence Sets (GSSs) for channel estimation and CSI extraction.

In various embodiments, the disclosed GSS may include multiple complementary pairs of gray (e.g., Ga and Gb). In one embodiment, the disclosed golay complement pairs may satisfy various predetermined rules and may be used to define Enhanced Directional Multiple Gigabit (EDMG) STF and CEF fields for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmissions.

In one embodiment, MIMO may represent a method of using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation to increase the capacity of a radio link. In one embodiment, MIMO may include various subtypes including, for example: multiple Input Single Output (MISO), which may refer to a specific case when a receiver has a single antenna; single Input Multiple Output (SIMO), which may refer to a specific case when a transmitter has a single antenna; and Single Input Single Output (SISO), which may refer to a conventional radio system when neither the transmitter nor the receiver has multiple antennas. In one embodiment, the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with all of the above-described forms of MIMO (but not limited to these forms).

In various embodiments, the GSS generation system may produce complementary sequences of arbitrary length. In one embodiment, a sequence of GSSs may be defined in terms of delay vectors and/or weight vectors. Additionally, in another embodiment, the delay vector and/or the weight vector may be described in accordance with one or more standards (e.g., in accordance with the IEEE802.11 ad standard). These vectors can be used to generate Ga sequences and Gb sequences, for example by using a gray generator structure. Additionally, the delay vector and the weight vector may be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure describes designs for guard interval sequences having three types of guard intervals that can be classified as short, medium, and long lengths. In another embodiment, the present disclosure defines guard intervals for single channel transmission channel bonding (e.g., channel bonding x2 and channel bonding x4) and for MIMO transmission. In one embodiment, the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with a Single Carrier (SC) PHY for use in conjunction with one or more standards (e.g., ieee802.11 ay). In another embodiment, the disclosed systems and methods may be used in conjunction with a directional antenna (e.g., a Phased Antenna Array (PAA)).

As mentioned, in various embodiments, the present disclosure describes the design of a guard interval sequence with three types of guard intervals that can be classified into short, medium, and long lengths. In another embodiment, a short guard interval may be used for short range applications, for example, when a channel impulse of a communication channel response associated with a network has a short duration (e.g., an indoor environment). In one embodiment, a short guard interval may reduce overhead associated with transmission of the guard interval and may increase the resulting data rate. In one embodiment, a long guard interval may be used in connection with applications in a large-scale environment, such as applications having a long delay spread for a communication channel profile (profile) associated with a network, e.g., an outdoor environment. In various embodiments, a long guard interval may reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) on the network and/or communication channel(s). In one embodiment, ISI may refer to a distorted form of a signal where one symbol interferes with a subsequent symbol. In one embodiment, ISI may be caused by the inherent nonlinear frequency response or multipath propagation of a channel that causes successive symbols to "blur" (blu) together. In one embodiment, data may be transmitted by a transmitting device to a receiving device over a network in a manner that reduces the error rate by mitigating the effects of ISI.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to systems, methods, and devices for a transmitting device that may include a golay generator that may generate golay complementary sequences (Ga, Gb) that may be modulated and transmitted, e.g., using a modulator. The modulator may be, for example, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulator, a Single Carrier (SC) modulator, or the like. In one embodiment, the golay generator may generate complementary sequences.

A signal comprising a golay sequence may be received at a receiving device. Due to channel conditions, the received golay sequences Ga ', Gb' may differ from the original golay sequences Ga, Gb. However, a gray correlator may correlate the received sequences. The received signal S ' (comprising the sequences Ga ', Gb ') may be filtered using a filter. The cross correlation result may then indicate the channel estimate provided by the golay correlator. Additionally, in various embodiments, the equalizer may equalize the received signal S' based on the output of the golay correlator. The equalized signal may be demodulated using a demodulator to obtain an estimate of the original transmitted signal.

In one embodiment, the disclosed GI definition under channel bonding conditions may be used for MIMO transmission by defining an appropriate GSS instead of a single Ga sequence.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure may define an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) for Single User (SU) MIMO, and an EDMG PPDU for multi-user (MU) MIMO. In one embodiment, the MU-MIMO frame may include an EDMG-header-B field.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure may define three types of Guard Interval (GI) and Single Carrier (SC) data block lengths, e.g., short, normal (or medium), and long GI and SC data block lengths. In various embodiments, for the case of single channel transmission (i.e., for transmission with a Channel Bonding (CB) factor equal to 1), the lengths of the short, normal, and long GIs may be equal to N, respectively_GI32,64, and 128 chips (chip) (the chip frequency is about 1.76 GHz). The corresponding SC symbol block length can be defined as N_DATA480 (for N)_GI32), 448 (for N)_GI64), and 384 (for N)_GI128). In one embodiment, such SC symbol block length may be such that the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size is equal to about 512pt, regardless of whether the GI type is short, normal (or medium), or long GI type. In one embodiment, the SC symbol block length N_DATAMay be defined as DFT size 512 minus the NGI length (32, 64, or 128), respectively.

In one embodiment, the lengths of the short, normal, and long GIs may be related to a channel bundling factor N in the case of transmission with different Channel Bundling (CB) factors_CB(e.g., N)_CB2,3 and 4). In one embodiment, the GI length N may be set_GIAnd N_CBThe factors are multiplied to obtain the sequence length. In another embodiment, the corresponding SC symbol block length N may also be used_DATAAnd N_CBThe factors are multiplied. In one embodiment, similar to single channel transmission, the DFT size may be equal to 512 × N_CBRegardless of the specific type of GI (i.e., regardless of whether the type of GI is a short, normal (or medium), or long GI type).

In one embodiment, a symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of an SC SU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GIs may be described according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the symbol blocking structure and guard interval may be used interchangeably herein. In one embodiment, the GI and data portions may be defined at a legacy chip rate (chip rate) equal to approximately 1.76 GHz. In addition, different streams may have different GIsⁱ _NThe sequence, i 1:8, N32, 64 and 128. In one embodiment, two or more sequences may be orthogonal to each other.

In one embodiment, for SU-MIMO, there may be no EDMG-header-B in the PPDU (similar but not necessarily identical to the PPDU shown in fig. 2) and the data portion of the PPDU may start after the EDMG-CEF field. In another embodiment, different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, wherein i ═ 1: N_STSN-32, 64 and 128. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8. But do notThat is, the present disclosure is not limited to this particular number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence having an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, for the MU-MIMO case, there may be an EDMG-header-B and the data portion of the PPDU may begin after the EDMG-header-B. In another embodiment, different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, i ═ 1: N_STSN-32, 64 and 128. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8 or 16. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, a GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, EDMG-header-B may have a normal (or medium) GI length of 64 chips, regardless of GI data type. In another embodiment, seamless header-B to data transformation may be achieved using a nesting feature, where the nesting feature may include a right side nested GIⁱ ₆₄＝[X,GIⁱ ₃₂]And left nested GIⁱ ₁₂₈＝[GIⁱ ₆₄,X]。

In one embodiment, the short GI may be defined as the right half of the normal GI and the normal GI may be defined as the left half of the long GI.

In one embodiment, a symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of SC MU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GIs may be described according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the GI and data portions may be defined at a legacy chip rate approximately equal to 1.76 GHz.

In one embodiment, different streams may have different GIⁱ _NThe sequences, i 1:8 or i 1:16, N2, 64 and 128. In one embodiment, the sequences may be orthogonal to each other. In one embodiment, EDMG-header-B may have a constant symbol block length equal to 448 chips and a GI length of 64 chips.

In one embodiment, for SU-MIMO channel bonded transmission, there may be no EDMG-header-B and the data portion of the PPDU begins just after the EDMG-CEF field. The present disclosure describes the following embodiments: different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, i ═ 1: N_STS，N＝32*N_CB,64*N_CBAnd 128N_CBWherein N is_CB2,3, and 4. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, a symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of an SC SU-MIMO channel bonded transmission for different types of GIs may be described in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, may be in accordance with about N_CBA sampling rate of 1.76GHz defines the GI and data portions. Different streams may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, i-1: 8, N-32 x N_CB,64*N_CBAnd 128N_CBWherein N is_CB2,3, and 4.

In one embodiment, in the MU-MIMO case, there may be an EDMG-header-B and the data portion of the PPDU may start just after the EDMG-header-B. In one embodiment, different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, i ═ 1: N_STS，N＝32*N_CB,64*N_CBAnd 128N_CBWherein N is_CB2,3, or 4. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8 or 16. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, a symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of SC MU-MIMO channel bonded transmission for different types of GIs may be described in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.In one embodiment, may be in accordance with about N_CBA sampling rate of 1.76GHz defines the GI and data portions.

In one embodiment, the EDMG-header-B field may have a constant length of 64 × N_CBRegardless of the GI data type. In another embodiment, seamless header-B to data transformation may be achieved by using the following header-B GI definition: short data GI: GI (GI tract)_B ⁱ＝GIⁱ _64*NCB-a normal GI; normal data GI: GI (GI tract)_B ⁱ＝GIⁱ _64*NCB-a normal GI; long data GI: GI (GI tract)_B ⁱ＝GIⁱ _128*NCB(1:64*N_CB) -the first half of the long GI.

In one embodiment, the EDMG-header-B field length may be equal to the normal GI length for short GIs and normal (medium) GIs. In another embodiment, for a long GI, the EDMG-header-B field length may be equal to the first half of the long GI. In one embodiment, the EDMG-header-B field may have a value equal to 448 × N_CBConstant symbol block length.

In one embodiment, a wireless network used in conjunction with the systems and methods of the present disclosure may also include one or more legacy devices. Legacy devices may include devices that comply with earlier versions of a given standard, but may reside in the same network as devices that comply with later versions of the standard. In one embodiment, disclosed herein are systems, methods, and devices capable of allowing legacy devices to communicate with an updated version device and perform channel estimation with the updated version device. Thus, an updated device or component using the current standard may have backward compatibility with legacy devices in the network. These devices and components may be adapted to accommodate legacy standards and current standards when transmitting information in the network. For example, backward compatibility with legacy devices may be achieved at the Physical (PHY) layer or the media specific access control (MAC) layer. At the PHY layer, backward compatibility may be achieved, for example, by reusing PHY preambles from previous standards. Legacy devices may decode the preamble portion of the signal, which may provide sufficient information for determining channel estimates or other relevant information for reception and transmission of the signal. At the MAC layer, additional frames may be transmitted by devices compatible with newer versions of the standard using the mode or data rate employed by legacy devices to enable backward compatibility with legacy devices.

Various conventional standards may use golay complementary sequences, which may be denoted as Ga and Gb, to define a Channel Estimation Field (CEF) and a Short Training Field (STF) associated with a preamble of a data packet. For example, the STF field may have a variety of uses in wireless networks including, but not limited to, packet detection, carrier frequency offset estimation, noise power estimation, synchronization, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) settings, and other possible signal estimates. As another example, CEF may be used for channel estimation in the time or frequency domain. In the time domain, a gray correlator can be used to perform matched filter operations without implementing multipliers.

Fig. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more devices 120 and one or more Access Points (APs) 102, where the one or more devices 120 and the one or more APs 102 may communicate in accordance with IEEE802.11 communication standards, including IEEE802.11 ay. One or more devices 120 may be mobile devices that are not stationary and do not have a fixed location.

The one or more user devices 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) may include any suitable processor-driven user device including, but not limited to, a desktop user device, a laptop user device, a server, a router, a switch, an access point, a smartphone, a tablet, a wearable wireless device (e.g., a bracelet, watch, glasses, necklace, etc.), and the like. In some embodiments, user device 120 and AP102 may include one or more computer systems similar to the functional schematic of fig. 16 and/or the example machine/system of fig. 17, discussed below.

Returning to fig. 1, any of user device(s) 120 (e.g.,

user devices

124, 126, 128) and AP102 may be configured to communicate with each other wirelessly or wiredly via one or more communication networks 130 and/or 135. Any of communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but are not limited to, any one combination of different types of suitable communication networks, such as, for example, a broadcast network, a cable network, a public network (e.g., the internet), a private network, a wireless network, a cellular network, or any other suitable private and/or public network. Additionally, any of communication networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication distances associated therewith and may include, for example, a global network (e.g., the internet), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), or a Personal Area Network (PAN). Additionally, any of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium upon which network traffic may be carried, including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optic, Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) media, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication media, white space communication media, ultra high frequency communication media, satellite communication media, or any combination thereof.

Any of user device(s) 120 (e.g.,

user devices

124, 126, 128) and AP102 may include one or more communication antennas. The communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocol used by user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, and 128) and AP 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communication antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards compliant antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, and the like. The communication antenna may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, e.g., communication signals, to and/or from the user equipment 120.

Any of user devices 120 (e.g.,

user devices

124, 126, 128) and AP102 may include any suitable radios and/or transceivers for transmitting and/or receiving Radio Frequency (RF) signals in a bandwidth and/or channel corresponding to a communication protocol utilized by any of user device(s) 120 and AP102 to communicate with each other. The radio components may include hardware and/or software that modulates and/or demodulates communication signals in accordance with a pre-established transmission protocol. The radio may also have hardware and/or software instructions (communications) via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols as standardized by the electronic electrical engineers (IEEE)802.11 standard. In some example embodiments, the radio, in cooperation with the communication antenna, may be configured to communicate via a 2.4GHz channel (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n), a 5GHz channel (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac), or a 60GHz channel (e.g., 802.11 ad). In some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communication between devices, such as bluetooth, Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), Ultra High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE802.11 af, IEEE802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white space), or other packetized radio communication. The radio components may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via a communication protocol. The radio components may also include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, analog-to-digital (a/D) converters, one or more buffers, and a digital baseband.

In general, when an AP (e.g., AP 102) establishes communication with one or more user devices 120 (e.g.,

user devices

124, 126, and/or 128), the AP may communicate in the downlink direction by transmitting data frames (e.g., 142). The data frame may be preceded by one or more preambles, which may be part of one or more headers. These preambles may be used to allow the user equipment to detect new incoming data frames from the AP. The preamble may be a signal for synchronizing transmission timing between two or more devices (e.g., an AP and a user equipment) in network communication.

In various embodiments, the disclosed systems and methods may be used in conjunction with the millimeter wave (60GHz) band, which may be related to the IEEE802.11 ad standard, also known as WiGig. IEEE802.11ay may be used to increase transmission data rates in wireless networks, for example, by using one or more multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and/or channel bonding techniques.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure describes methods for Single Carrier (SC)Guard Interval (GI) and symbol blocking structure for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single-channel and channel bonded transmissions. In one embodiment, the present disclosure may define, for example, short, normal (or medium), and long GI and SC data blocks of the three types. In one embodiment, GI may be defined as Ga of length N_NA golay sequence. In another embodiment, the sequence itself may have multiple lengths N to support channel bonding. In addition, the number of sequences of the same length may be extended to a Gray Sequence Set (GSS), e.g., to support MIMO transmission. In one embodiment, the number of sequences in the GSS may correspond to the number of space-time streams N_STS。

Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example general frame format for an enhanced directed multi-gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU), according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, PPDU 200 may represent a general frame format for MIMO. In one embodiment, the preamble 201 of PPDU 200 may include a legacy Short Training Field (STF)202, a legacy Channel Estimation Field (CEF)204, a legacy header L-header field 206, an EDMG-header-A field 208, an EDMG-STF field 210, an EDMG-CEF field 212, and an EDMG-header-B field 214. In addition to the preamble 201, the PPDU 200 may also include a data portion field 216, an optional Automatic Gain Control (AGC) field 218, and beamforming training unit(s) (TRN) field 220. In another embodiment, a SU-MIMO frame (not shown) may include the above fields (i.e., legacy Short Training Field (STF)202, legacy Channel Estimation Field (CEF)204, legacy header L-header field 206, EDMG-header-a field 208, EDMG-STF field 210, EDMG-CEF field 212, data portion field 216, optional Automatic Gain Control (AGC) field 218, and beamforming training unit(s) (TRN) field(s) 220) in addition to EDMG-header-B field 214. In another embodiment, a multi-user (MU) MIMO frame may include an EDMG-header-B field.

Fig. 3 shows a graph 300 providing a summary of GI lengths for different channel bundling factors according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. As described herein, the present disclosure may define three types of Guard Intervals (GIs) and Single Carrier (SC) numbersBlock lengths, e.g., short, normal (or medium), and long GI and SC block lengths. In various embodiments, for the case of single channel transmission, i.e., for transmission with a Channel Bundling (CB) factor equal to 1, the lengths of the short GI, normal GI, and long GI may be equal to N, respectively_GI32,64, and 128 chips (at approximately 1.76 GHz). The corresponding SC symbol block lengths may be defined as N, respectively_DATA480 (for N)_GI32), 448 (for N)_GI64), 384 (for N)_GI128). In one embodiment, such SC symbol block length may be such that the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size is equal to about 512pt regardless of the GI type (i.e., regardless of whether the GI type is a long GI type, a normal (or medium) GI type, or a long GI type). In one embodiment, the SC symbol block length N_DATAWhich may be defined as DTF size 512 minus the NGI length (32, 64, or 128), respectively.

In one embodiment, the lengths of the short GI, the normal GI, and the long GI may be related to a channel bundling factor N in case of transmission with different Channel Bundling (CB) factors_CB(e.g., N)_CB2,3, and 4). In one embodiment, the GI length N may be set_GIAnd N_CBThe factors are multiplied to obtain the sequence length. In another embodiment, the corresponding SC symbol block length N may also be used_DATAAnd N_CBThe factors are multiplied. In one embodiment, similar to single channel transmission, the DFT size may be equal to 512 × N_CBRegardless of the specific type of GI (i.e., regardless of whether the specific type of GI is a short GI type, a medium (or normal) GI type, or a long GI type).

In one embodiment, for a short guard interval length and CB ═ 1, the guard interval size may be 32; for a normal guard interval length and CB ═ 1, the guard interval size may be 64; and for a long guard interval length and CB ═ 1, the guard interval size may be 128.

In one embodiment, for a short guard interval length and CB ═ 2, the guard interval size may be 64; for a normal guard interval length and CB ═ 2, the guard interval size may be 128; for a long guard interval length and CB ═ 2, the guard interval size may be 256.

In one embodiment, for a short guard interval length and CB — 3, the guard interval size may be 96; for a normal guard interval size and CB ═ 3, the guard interval size may be 192; for a long guard interval length and CB ═ 3, the guard interval size may be 384.

In one embodiment, for a short guard interval length and CB-4, the guard interval size may be 128; for a normal guard interval length and CB ═ 4, the guard interval size may be 256; for a long guard interval length and CB-4, the guard interval size may be 512.

Fig. 4 shows an example schematic diagram 400 of a symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of an SC SU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GIs according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the GI and data portions may be defined at a legacy chip rate approximately equal to 1.76 GHz. In addition, different streams may have different GIsⁱ _NThe sequence, i-1: 8, N-32, 64, and 128. In one embodiment, two or more sequences may be orthogonal to each other.

In one embodiment, for SU-MIMO, there may be no EDMG-header-B in the PPDU (similar but not necessarily identical to the PPDU shown in fig. 2) and the data portion of the PPDU may start after the EDMG-CEF field. In another embodiment, different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, wherein i ═ 1: N_STSN-32, 64, and 128. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, for the MU-MIMO case, there may be an EDMG-header-B and the data portion of the PPDU may begin after the EDMG-header-B. In another embodiment, different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, i ═ 1: N_STSN-32, 64, and 128. At one isIn an embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8 or 16. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, EDMG-header-B may have a normal (or medium) GI length of 64 chips, regardless of the GI data type. In another embodiment, seamless header-B to data transformation may be achieved by using a nesting feature, which may include a right side nested GIⁱ ₆₄＝[X,GIⁱ ₃₂]And left nested GIⁱ _N128＝[GIⁱ ₆₄,X]。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 401 having a short guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field 402 may be followed by a GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂ Field 404, GI of size 480ⁱ ₆₄ Data field 406, and a GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂408。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 403 having a normal guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 410 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 412, data field 414 of size 448, and GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄416。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 405 with a long guard interval, EDMG-CEF field 418 may be followed by a GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ Field 420, data field 424 of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ 426。

Fig. 5 shows an example schematic diagram 500 of a symbol blocking structure for an i-th space-time stream of SC MU-MIMO single channel transmission for different types of GIs according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the GI and data portions may be defined at a legacy chip rate approximately equal to 1.76 GHz.

Different streams may have different GIsⁱ _NThe sequence i 1:8 or i 1:6, N32, 64, and 128. In one embodiment, the sequences may be orthogonal to each other. In one embodiment, EDMG-header-B may have a constant symbol block length equal to 448 chips and a GI length of 64 chips.

For SU-MIMO channel bonded transmission, there may be no EDMG-header-B and the data portion of the PPDU begins just after the EDMG-CEF field. The present disclosure describes the following embodiments: different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, wherein i ═ 1: N_STS，N＝32*N_CB，64*N_CBAnd 128 × N_CB，

N

_CB2,3, and 4. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 501 with a short guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 502 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 504, EDMG-header-B field 505 of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 506, data field 508 of size 480, and GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂ 510。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 503 with a normal guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 510 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 512, EDMG-header-B field 513 of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 514, data field 516 of size 448, and GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ 518。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 505 with a long guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 520 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 522, EDMG-header-B field 524 of size 448, size 128GIⁱ ₁₂₈Field 526, data field 528 of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ 530。

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram 600 of an example symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of an SC SU-MIMO channel bonded transmission for different types of GIs, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, may be in accordance with about N_CBA sampling rate of 1.76GHz defines the GI and data portions. Different streams may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, wherein i is 1:8, N is 32N_CB，64*N_CBAnd 128 × N_CB，

N

_CB2,3, and 4.

In the MU-MIMO case, there may be an EDMG-header-B and the data portion of the PPDU starts just after the EDMG-header-B. In one embodiment, different GIs may have different GIsⁱ _NSequence, wherein i ═ 1: N_STS，N＝32*N_CB，64*N_CBAnd 128 × N_CB，

N

_CB2,3, or 4. In one embodiment, the number of space-time streams N_STSMay be equal to 8 or 16. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this specific number; conversely, the GI may have any number of GIsⁱ _NSequence, GIⁱ _NThe sequence may have an arbitrary number N of space-time streams_STS。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 601 with a short guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field 602 may be followed by a GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂ Field 604, data field 606 of size 480, GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂ A field 608.

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 603 with a normal guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 610 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 612, data field 614 of size 448, and GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄616。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 605 having a long guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 618 may be followed by a GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ Field 620, data field 622 of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈624。

Fig. 7 shows a diagram 700 of an example symbol blocking structure for the ith space-time stream of SC MU-MIMO channel bonded transmission for different types of GIs, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, may be in accordance with about N_CBA sampling rate of 1.76GHz defines the GI and data portions.

In one embodiment, the EDMG-header-B field may have 64 × N_CBRegardless of the GI data type. In another embodiment, seamless header-B to data transformation may be achieved by using the following header-BGI definition: short data GI: GI (GI tract)_B ⁱ＝GIⁱ _64*NCB-a normal GI; normal data GI: GI (GI tract)_B ⁱ＝GIⁱ _64*NCB-a normal GI; long data GI: GI (GI tract)_B ⁱ＝GIⁱ _128*NCB(1:64*N_CB) -the first half of the long GI.

Thus, in one embodiment, the EDMG-header-B field length may be equal to the normal GI length for short GIs and normal (medium) GIs. In another embodiment, for a long GI, the EDMG-header-B field may be equal to the first half of the long GI. In one embodiment, the EDMG-header-B field may have a value equal to 448 × N_CBConstant symbol block length.

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 701 having a short guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 702 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 704, EDMG-header-B field 706 of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 708, data field 710 of size 480, and GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂ 712。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 703 having a normal guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field 714 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 716, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 718, data field 720 of size 448,And a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ 722。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of frame 705 having a long guard interval length, EDMG-CEF field 724 may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄ Field 726, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ Field 728, data field 730 of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ 732。

Fig. 8 shows an example schematic diagram 800 of transmission with a long GI according to an example embodiment of the disclosure. One difference between the schematic diagram of fig. 8 and the schematic diagram of fig. 7 is that header-B uses a long GI type. In one embodiment, the transmission may be maintained 448N_CBThe same block length.

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a long guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field 802 may be followed by a GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ Field 804, EDMG-header-B field 806 of size 448, GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ Field 808, data field 810 of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈ 812。

In various embodiments, the GI for Single Channel (SC) transmission may have a space-time stream defined as a Ga gray sequence. For MIMO transmission, the golay sequence set may define different sequences for different space-time streams. In one embodiment, Ga of length N may be modulated, for example, by exponential multiplication applying a pi/2 rotation_NThe sequence is as follows:

Ga_N(n)*exp(j(π/2)*n),n＝0:N-1

in addition, in another embodiment, the Ga sequence may be defined using the following delay vectors: n-32: dk ═ 214816; n-64: dk ═ 21481632; n128: dk ═ 2148163264.

In one embodiment, the delay vector Dk may be different for different lengths N, and the delay vector Dk may be constant over the space-time stream. The sequences for different spatio-temporal streams differ only in the weight vector Wk.

Fig. 9 shows a graph 900 that may define weight vectors for different space-time streams for up to 16 streams, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, any subset of the weight vectors shown in graph 900 may be used to set a smaller number of streams.

Various generation processes may be used to generate Ga sequences from Dk and Wk vectors.

In various embodiments, a SU-MIMO transmission may have a predetermined number of streams, e.g., 8 streams. In this example, the first 8 weight vectors in graph 900 may define the Ga sequences for these streams. For MU-MIMO transmission, the same 8 streams may be used. They are increased or expanded to as many as 16. In the former case, only the first 8 vectors will be used (similar to SU-MIMO). In the latter case, all 16 vectors in the graph 900 will be used.

In one embodiment, the weight vector 904 for the sequence length 32 may be: +1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 1, [ -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 4, [ -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 5, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 6, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 7, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 8, and [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 9, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 10, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 11, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 12, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 13, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 14, [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 15, and [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 16.

In one embodiment, the weight vector 906 for sequence length 64 may be: +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 1, [ -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 4, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 5, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 6, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 7, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 8, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 9, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1] for stream 10, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1] for stream 11, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1] for stream 12, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1] for stream 13, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 15, and [ +1, -1 for stream 16, +1,+1, -1, -1].

In one embodiment, the weight vector 908 for the sequence length 128 may be: +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 1, [ -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 4, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 5, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 6, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 7, [ +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 8, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, for stream 9 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 11 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 12 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 13 [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 15, [ -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 16, -1,+1,+1, -1,+1,+1].

In one embodiment, fig. 10 illustrates defining a Guard Interval (GI) GI for a space-time stream having an index "i" and a length N according to an example embodiment of the present disclosureⁱ _NGraph 1000. In one embodiment, GIⁱ _NCan be defined as a Gray Ga sequence having the symbol + or-, i.e. + Gaⁱ _Nor-Gaⁱ _N. In one embodiment, the sign selection of the Ga sequence may provide the nesting characteristics discussed above.

In one embodiment, the following delay vectors may be used to define the set of gray (Ga) sequences for channel bonding x2 and x4 transmissions: ga₆₄：Dk＝[1 8 2 4 16 32]；Ga₁₂₈：Dk＝[1 8 24 16 32 64]；Ga₂₅₆：Dk＝[1 8 2 4 16 32 64 128]；Ga₅₁₂：Dk＝[1 8 2 4 16 3264 128 256]。

The delay vector Dk may be different for different lengths N, and the delay vector Dk may be constant over the space-time stream. The sequences of different spatio-temporal streams differ only in the weight vector Wk.

In one embodiment, the short GI length guard interval 1004 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₃₂＝-Ga¹ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₃₂＝-Ga² ₃₂(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₃₂＝-Ga³ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₃₂＝-Ga⁴ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₃₂＝-Ga⁵ ₃₂(ii) a For stream 6, GI⁶ ₃₂＝-Ga⁶ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₃₂＝-Ga⁷ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₃₂＝-Ga⁸ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₃₂＝-Ga⁹ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁰ ₃₂(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₃₂＝-Ga¹¹ ₃₂(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₃₂＝-Ga¹² ₃₂(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₃₂＝-Ga¹³ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁴ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁵ ₃₂(ii) a For stream 16, GI¹⁶ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁶ ₃₂。

In one embodiment, the guard interval 1006 of the normal GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₆₄＝+Ga¹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₆₄＝+Ga² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₆₄＝+Ga³ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₆₄＝+Ga⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 6, GI⁶ ₆₄＝+Ga⁶ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₆₄＝+Ga⁷ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₆₄＝+Ga⁸ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₆₄＝+Ga⁹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁰ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₆₄＝+Ga¹¹ ₆₄(ii) a To pairIn stream 12, GI¹² ₆₄＝+Ga¹² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₆₄＝+Ga¹³ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁶ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, the long GI length guard interval 1008 may have the following value: for stream 1, GI¹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₂₈＝-Ga² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁶ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 7, GI⁷ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁷ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁸ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁰ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁶ ₁₂₈。

In some embodiments, fig. 11 shows a graph 1100 that may define weight vectors for different space-time streams for up to 16 streams, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Note that any subset of these vectors can be used to set a smaller number of streams. In various embodiments, Ga sequences may be generated from given vectors Dk and Wk using one or more generation processes.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector 1104 for Ga64 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 1, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 4, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 5, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 6, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 7, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 8, For stream 9 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1], for stream 10 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, for stream 11, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, for stream 12, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, for stream 15, and [ +1, -1, +1, for stream 16.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector 1106 for Ga128 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 1, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 4, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 5, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 6, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 7, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1], "1 for stream 7, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 8, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 9, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 10, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 11, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 12, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 13, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 15, +1, +1, -1, and [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 16.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector 1108 for Ga256 may be: for stream 1 [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, for stream 2 [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1], for stream 3 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 4 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 5 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1], for stream 6 [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1], for stream 7 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, for stream 8, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 9, +1, -1, -1 for stream 10, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 11, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 12, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 13, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 14, 1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 15, and 1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 16.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector 1110 for Ga512 may be: for stream 1 [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, for stream 2 [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 3 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 4 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, for stream 5 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 6, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 7, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 8, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 10, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 11, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 12, +1, -1, +1], for stream 13 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, for stream 14, [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 15, and [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 16.

Fig. 12 illustrates a Guard Interval (GI) GI that may define a space-time stream with index "i" and length N for CB ═ 2 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosureⁱ _NDiagram 1200. GIGIⁱ _NCan be defined as a Gray Ga sequence having + or-sign, i.e. + Gaⁱ _Nor-Gaⁱ _N。

In one embodiment, the short GI length guard interval 1204 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₆₄＝-Ga¹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₆₄＝-Ga² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₆₄＝+Ga³ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₆₄＝+Ga⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₆₄＝+Ga⁶ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₆₄＝-Ga⁷ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₆₄＝-Ga⁸ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₆₄＝-Ga⁹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₆₄＝-Ga¹⁰ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₆₄＝+Ga¹¹ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₆₄＝+Ga¹² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₆₄＝+Ga¹³ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 15, GI¹⁵ ₆₄＝-Ga¹⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₆₄＝-Ga¹⁶ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, the guard interval 1206 of the normal GI length may have the following value: for stream 1, GI¹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₂₈＝+Ga² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₂₈＝+Ga³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁶ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁷ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 8, GI⁸ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁸ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁰ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹² ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 13, GI¹³ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁶ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, of long GI lengthThe guard interval 1208 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₂₅₆＝+Ga² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 6, GI⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁶ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁷ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁸ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 9, GI⁹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁰ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁶ ₂₅₆。

Fig. 13 illustrates a Guard Interval (GI) GI defining a space-time stream with index "i" and length N for CB-4 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosureⁱ _NDiagram 1300. Guard Interval (GI) GIⁱ _NCan be defined as a Gray Ga sequence having the symbol + or-, i.e. + Gaⁱ _Nor-Gaⁱ _N. In one embodiment, symbol selection for a gray sequence may provide the nesting characteristics discussed above.

In one embodiment, the set of gray (Ga) sequences for channel bonded x3 transmission is defined using the following delay vectors: ga₉₆：D_k＝[3,24,6,12,48]；Ga₁₉₂：D_k＝[3,24,6,12,48,96]；Ga₃₈₄：D_k＝[3,24,6,12,48,96,192]。

The delay vector Dk may be different for different lengths N and may be constant over the space-time stream. The sequences for different space-time streams may differ in the weight vector Wk.

In one embodiment, the short GI length guard interval 1304 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₂₈＝+Ga² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 5, GI⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁶ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁷ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁸ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁰ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁶ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, the guard interval 1306 of normal GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 2, GI² ₂₅₆＝+Ga² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 4, GI⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁶ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁷ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁸ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁰ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁶ ₂₅₆。

In one embodiment, the long GI length guard interval 1308 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹ ₅₁₂(ii) a For stream 2, GI² ₅₁₂＝+Ga² ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₅₁₂＝+Ga³ ₅₁₂(ii) a For stream 4, GI⁴ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁴ ₅₁₂(ii) a For stream 5, GI⁵ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁵ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁶ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁷ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁸ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁹ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁰ ₅₁₂(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹¹ ₅₁₂(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹² ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹³ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁴ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁵ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁶ ₅₁₂。

In one embodiment, fig. 14 shows a graph 1400 that may define weight vectors for different space-time streams for up to 16 streams, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In another embodiment, any subset of the weight vectors shown in graph 1400 may be used to set a smaller number of streams.

In various embodiments, to obtain

lengths

96, 192, and 384 for Ga/Gb sequences, the following recursive operations may be applied: ga₃＝[+1,+1,-1]；Gb₃＝[+1,+j,+1](ii) a

Stream

1,3,5, 7: (A)₀(n),B₀(n))＝(+G_a3(2-n),+G_b3(2-n));

stream

2,4,6, 8: (A)₀(n),B₀(n))＝(+conj(Gb₃(2-n)),-conj(Ga₃(2-n)))；A_k(n)＝W_k*A_k-1(n)+B_k-1(n-D_k)；B_k(n)＝W_k*A_k-1(n)-B_k-1(n-D_k)。

In one embodiment, a difference from the standard definition may be that A for zero iterations₀(n) and B₀(n) is not a Dirac delta function but rather Ga as described above₃(2-n) and Gb₃(2-n) and the order of sampling may be reversed. Starting with length N-3, 5, 6, and 7 iterations,

lengths

96, 192, and 384, respectively, may be obtained.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector 1404 for Ga96 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 1 and stream 2, for stream 3 and stream 4, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 5 and stream 6, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 7 and stream 8, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 9 and stream 10, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 11 and stream 12, -1, +1, -1 for stream 13 and stream 14, and-1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 15 and stream 16.

In one embodiment, Wk vector 1406 for Ga192 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, 1 for

streams

1 and 2, for

streams

3 and 4, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

5 and 6, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

7 and 8, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, for

streams

9 and 10, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1,1 for

streams

11 and 12, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1,1 for

streams

13 and 14, and-1 for

streams

15 and 16, +1,+1,+1, -1,1].

In one embodiment, Wk vector 1408 for Ga384 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for

streams

1 and 2, -1, -1, -1 for

streams

3 and 4, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

5 and 6, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for

streams

7 and 8, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1 for

streams

9 and 10, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for

streams

11 and 12, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

13 and 14, +1, -1, +1, +1], and [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 15 and stream 16.

In one embodiment, fig. 15 illustrates a guard interval (Gi) Gi describing a space-time stream with index "i" and length N for CB-3 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosureⁱ _NDiagram 1500.

In one embodiment, the short GI length guard interval 1504 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₉₆＝+Ga¹ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 2, GI² ₉₆＝+Ga² ₉₆(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₉₆＝+Ga³ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₉₆＝+Ga⁴ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₉₆＝+Ga⁵ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₉₆＝+Ga⁶ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₉₆＝+Ga⁷ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₉₆＝+Ga⁸ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₉₆＝+Ga⁹ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁰ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₉₆＝+Ga¹¹ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₉₆＝+Ga¹² ₉₆(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₉₆＝+Ga¹³ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 14, GI¹⁴ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁴ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁵ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁶ ₉₆。

In one embodiment, the guard interval 1506 of the normal GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₉₂＝+Ga² ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₉₂＝+Ga³ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁴ ₁₉₂(ii) a For stream 5, GI⁵ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁵ ₁₉₂(ii) a For stream 6, GI⁶ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁶ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁷ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁸ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁹ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁰ ₁₉₂(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹¹ ₁₉₂(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹² ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹³ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁴ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁵ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁶ ₁₉₂。

In one embodiment, the long GI length guard interval 1508 may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₃₈₄＝+Ga² ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₃₈₄＝+Ga³ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 4, GI⁴ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁴ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁵ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁶ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 7, GI⁷ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁷ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁸ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁹ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁰ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹¹ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹² ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹³ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁴ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 15, GI¹⁵ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁵ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁶ ₃₈₄。

Fig. 16 shows an example flowchart illustrating operation of a transmitting device used in conjunction with symbol blocking and guard intervals herein according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

At block 1605, the device may establish one or more MIMO communication channels between the device and one or more devices over the network. The establishment of the MIMO communication channel may first include the device determining data to be transmitted to one or more of the plurality of devices. The establishment of the MIMO communication channel can also include transmission of one or more data packets (e.g., one or more Request To Send (RTS)) to inform one or more of the plurality of devices to establish the communication channel. Establishment of the MIMO communication channel may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.

In one embodiment, the network further includes single carrier channel bonding. In one embodiment, the size of the discrete fourier transform, the symbol block length, or the guard interval length may be based at least in part on a channel bundling factor associated with one or more MIMO communication channels. In one embodiment, the MIMO communication channel may also include (i) Single User (SU) MIMO transmissions, or (ii) multi-user (MU) MIMO transmissions.

At block 1610, the device may determine data on the data stream to send to one or more of the one or more devices. The determination to transmit data may be made, for example, based on user input to the device, a predetermined schedule for data transmission on the network, a change in network conditions, and so forth. The establishment of the MIMO communication channel may also include transmission of one or more data packets (e.g., one or more Request To Send (RTS)) to inform one or more of the plurality of devices to establish the communication channel. Establishment of the MIMO communication channel may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.

At block 1615, the device may determine one or more golay sequences. In one embodiment, the golay sequence may be a complementary golay sequence. In various embodiments, a Golay Sequence Set (GSS) generation system may produce complementary golay sequences of arbitrary length. In one embodiment, GSSs for a sequence may be defined in terms of delay vectors and/or weight vectors. Additionally, in another embodiment, the delay vector and/or the weight vector may be described in accordance with the IEEE802.11 ad standard. In one embodiment, these vectors may be used to generate Ga and Gb sequences, for example, by using a gray generator structure. Additionally, the delay vector and the weight vector may be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair. In one embodiment, the weight vectors may be defined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or diagrams illustrated herein and their related descriptions.

In one embodiment, a device may determine a plurality of delay vectors. In various embodiments, the GSS generation system may produce complementary sequences of arbitrary length. In one embodiment, GSS for a sequence may be defined in terms of delay vectors and/or weight vectors. Additionally, in another embodiment, the delay vector and/or the weight vector may be described in accordance with the IEEE802.11 ad standard. These vectors can be used to generate Ga and Gb sequences, for example by using a gray generator structure. Additionally, the delay vector and the weight vector may be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair. In various embodiments, a delay vector may be used to define the guard interval.

At block 1620, the device mayOne or more guard intervals or one or more symbol blocking structures for one or more MIMO communication channels are determined based at least in part on the one or more Golay sequences. In one embodiment, the determination of the guard interval may be based on a golay sequence and/or a golay sequence set, which may be further based on a plurality of weight vectors and a plurality of delay vectors. In one embodiment, the guard intervals may be determined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or diagrams illustrated herein (e.g., for different numbers of spatial streams). In one embodiment, the guard interval GIⁱ _NMay further have a positive or negative sign, e.g. + Gaⁱ _Nor-Gaⁱ _N。

In one embodiment, the guard interval may have three types of lengths, short, medium, and long. In another embodiment, a guard interval may be defined for single channel transmission channel bonding (e.g., channel bonding factor of 2,3, and/or 4) and/or for MIMO transmission. In one embodiment, the present disclosure may be used for a Single Carrier (SC) PHY used in conjunction with one or more standards (e.g., in conjunction with IEEE802.11 ay). In another embodiment, the disclosed systems and methods may be used in conjunction with a directional antenna (e.g., a Phased Antenna Array (PAA)).

At block 1625, the device may transmit a guard interval or one or more symbol blocking structures to one or more of the one or more devices. In one embodiment, the one or more guard intervals may be encapsulated in a data frame transmitted from the device to one or more of the plurality of devices. In one embodiment, the guard interval may be transmitted at a predetermined time based at least in part on a predetermined communication schedule between network devices. In another embodiment, the first guard interval may be transmitted first by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the processes described in connection with any one or more of the blocks previously, and may retransmit the second guard interval. In one embodiment, during or after transmission of the guard interval, the device may receive information from the receiving device indicating changes to be performed by the transmitting device in transmitting data and/or the guard interval. For example, the information may indicate to change the number of streams of the MIMO communication channel to increase and/or decrease the amount of data transmitted on one or more of the MIMO communication channels, to retransmit one or more data packets, to transmit one or more data packets at a predetermined time, and/or the like.

At block 1630, the device can transmit data to one or more of the one or more devices. In one embodiment, the data may be encapsulated in a data frame sent from the device to one or more of the plurality of devices. In one embodiment, data may be transmitted at predetermined times based at least in part on a predetermined communication schedule between network devices. In another embodiment, the first data may be transmitted first by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the processes described in connection with the previous block or blocks and retransmit the second data. In one embodiment, during or after data transmission, the device may receive information from the receiving device indicating changes to be performed by the transmitting device in transmitting data and/or guard intervals. For example, the information may indicate to change the number of streams of the MIMO communication channel to increase and/or decrease the amount of data transmitted on one or more channels of the MIMO communication channel, to retransmit one or more data packets, to transmit one or more data packets at a predetermined time, and/or the like.

At block 1705, the device may establish one or more MIMO communication channels between the device and one or more devices over a network. The establishment of the MIMO communication channel may first include determining data that the device is to transmit to one or more of the plurality of devices. The establishment of the MIMO communication channel may also include transmission of one or more data packets (e.g., one or more Request To Send (RTS)) to inform one or more of the plurality of devices to establish the communication channel. Establishment of the MIMO communication channel may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.

In one embodiment, the network further includes single carrier channel bonding.

In one embodiment, the size of the discrete fourier transform, the symbol block length, or the guard interval length may be based at least in part on a channel bundling factor associated with one or more MIMO communication channels.

In one embodiment, the MIMO communication channel may also include (i) Single User (SU) MIMO transmissions, or (ii) multi-user (MU) MIMO transmissions.

At block 1710, the device may receive data on a data stream from one or more of the one or more devices. The reception of data may be based, for example, on user input to the device, a predetermined schedule of data transmission on the network, a change in network conditions, etc. The establishment of the MIMO communication channel can also include transmitting/receiving one or more data packets (e.g., one or more Request To Send (RTS)) to inform one or more of the plurality of devices to establish the communication channel. Establishment of the MIMO communication channel may be performed in accordance with one or more wireless and/or network standards.

At block 1715, the device may receive one or more golay sequences. In one embodiment, the golay sequence may be a complementary golay sequence. In various embodiments, a Golay Sequence Set (GSS) generation system may produce complementary golay sequences of arbitrary length. In one embodiment, GSS for a sequence may be defined in terms of delay vectors and/or weight vectors. Additionally, in another embodiment, the delay vector and/or the weight vector may be described in accordance with the IEEE802.11 ad standard. In one embodiment, these vectors may be used to generate Ga and Gb sequences, for example, by using a gray generator structure. Additionally, the delay vector and the weight vector may be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair. In one embodiment, the weight vectors may be defined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or drawings shown herein and their related description.

In one embodiment, the device or one or more devices may determine a plurality of delay vectors. In various embodiments, the GSS generation system may produce complementary sequences of arbitrary length. In one embodiment, GSS for a sequence may be defined in terms of delay vectors and/or weight vectors. Additionally, in another embodiment, the delay vector and/or the weight vector may be described in accordance with the IEEE802.11 ad standard. These vectors can be used to generate Ga and Gb sequences, for example by using a gray generator structure. Additionally, the delay vector and the weight vector may be based at least in part on the (Ga, Gb) complementary pair. In various embodiments, a guard interval may be defined using a delay vector.

At block 1720, the device may receive one or more guard intervals or one or more symbol blocking structures for one or more MIMO communication channels based at least in part on the one or more golay sequences. In one embodiment, the determination of the guard interval may be based on a golay sequence and/or a golay sequence set, which may be further based on a plurality of weight vectors and a plurality of delay vectors. In one embodiment, the guard intervals may be determined as shown and described in connection with the figures and/or diagrams illustrated herein (e.g., for different numbers of spatial streams). In one embodiment, the guard interval GIⁱ _NMay also have a positive or negative sign, e.g. + Gaⁱ _Nor-Gaⁱ _N。

At block 1725, the device may receive a guard interval or one or more symbol blocking structures from one or more of the one or more devices. In one embodiment, the one or more guard intervals may be encapsulated in a data frame received by the device from one or more of the plurality of devices. In one embodiment, the guard interval may be transmitted at a predetermined time based at least in part on a predetermined communication schedule between devices of the network. In another embodiment, the first guard interval may be received first by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the processes described in connection with the previous block or blocks and receive the second guard interval. In one embodiment, during or after transmitting/receiving the guard interval, the device may receive information from one or more devices indicating changes to be performed by the one or more devices in transmitting data and/or the guard interval.

At block 1730, the device may receive data from one or more of the one or more devices. In one embodiment, the data may be encapsulated in a data frame sent from the device to one or more of the plurality of devices. In one embodiment, data may be received at predetermined times based at least in part on a predetermined communication schedule between devices of a network. In another embodiment, the first data may be received first by the device, a period of time may elapse, and the device may repeat some or all of the processes described in connection with any one or more of the blocks previously, and receive the second data. In one embodiment, during or after transmission/reception of data, a device may receive information from a transmitting device indicating changes to be performed by the transmitting device while transmitting data and/or guard intervals.

Various embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in software and/or firmware. The software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Which may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form such as, but not limited to, source code, assembly code, parse code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer-readable media may include any tangible, non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory, and the like.

Figure 18 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 1800 in accordance with some embodiments. In one embodiment, fig. 18 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as AP102 (fig. 1) or communication station user equipment 120 (fig. 1) in accordance with some embodiments. The communication station 1800 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, mobile device, cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, wearable computer device, microcell, High Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, access terminal, or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device.

The communication station 1800 may include a transceiver 1810 and communication circuitry 1802 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 1801. Communications circuitry 1802 may include circuitry that may operate Media Access Control (MAC) communications to control access to a wireless medium and/or physical layer communications and/or any other communications layers to transmit and receive signals. The communication station 1800 may also include processing circuitry 1806 and memory 1808 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communication circuitry 1802 and the processing circuitry 1806 may be configured to perform the operations detailed in fig. 1-15.

According to some embodiments, communications circuitry 1802 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for transmission over the wireless medium. The communication circuit 1802 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. The communication circuit 1802 may also include circuits for modulation/demodulation, up/down conversion, filtering, amplification, and so forth. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1806 of the communication station 1800 may include one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 1801 may be coupled to the communication circuit 1802, arranged to transmit and receive signals. The memory 1808 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 1806 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and for performing various operations described herein. The memory 1808 can include any type of memory (including non-transitory memory) for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, memory 1808 may include computer-readable storage devices such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media.

In some embodiments, the communication station 1800 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, which may be, for example, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless handset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or other device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.

In some embodiments, the communication station 1800 may include one or more antennas 1801. The antennas 1801 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some embodiments, a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas. In these embodiments, each aperture may be considered a separate antenna. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated to obtain different channel characteristics and spatial diversity that may result between each antenna of the transmitting station and each antenna of the receiving station.

In some embodiments, the communication station 1800 may include one or more of a keypad, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.

Although communication station 1800 is shown with multiple separate functional elements, two or more of these functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of communication station 1800 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Some embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. The computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, the communication station 1800 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.

Fig. 19 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 1900 or system that can perform one or more techniques (e.g., methods) discussed herein. In other embodiments, the machine 1900 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 1900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In one example, the machine 1900 may operate as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine 1900 may be a Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a network appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine (e.g., base station). Additionally, while only one machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configuration.

Examples described herein may include, or operate on, logic or multiple components, modules, or mechanisms. A module is a tangible entity (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations at runtime. The modules include hardware. In an example, the hardware may be specifically configured to perform certain operations (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include a computer-readable medium containing instructions and configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.), where the instructions configure the execution units to perform particular operations when executed. Configuration may be under the direction of an execution unit or loading mechanism. Thus, when the device is operating, the execution unit is communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium. In this example, an execution unit may be a member of more than one module. For example, at run time, an execution unit may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at a first point in time and a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 1900 may include a hardware processor 1902 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 1904, and a static memory 1906, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interconnection link (e.g., a bus) 1908. The machine 1900 may also include a power management device 1932, a graphics display device 1910, an alphanumeric input device 1912 (e.g., a keyboard), and a User Interface (UI) navigation device 1914 (e.g., a mouse). In one example, the graphical display device 1910, the alphanumeric input device 1912, and the UI navigation device 1914 may be touch screen displays. The machine 1900 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., a drive unit) 1916, a signal generation device 1918 (e.g., a speaker), a protective spacing device 1919, a network interface device/transceiver 1920 coupled to the antenna(s) 1930, and one or more sensors 1928 (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor). The machine 1900 may include an output controller 1934, e.g., a serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., Infrared (IR), Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.).

The storage device 1916 may include a machine-readable medium 1922 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1924 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 1924 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1904, static memory 1906, or within the hardware processor 1902 during execution thereof by the machine 1900. In one example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 1902, the main memory 1904, the static memory 1906, or the storage device 1916 may constitute machine-readable media.

The guard interval device 1919 may be configured to: causing a device to establish one or more multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels between the device and a plurality of devices over a network; causing an apparatus to determine one or more guard intervals for one or more MIMO channels; and causing the device to transmit the guard interval to one or more of the plurality of devices. It will be understood that the above are only a subset of the functions that the guard interval device 1919 may be configured to perform, and that other functions included throughout this disclosure may also be performed by the guard interval device 1919.

While the machine-readable medium 1922 is shown to be a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" can include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a central or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1924.

The term "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1900 and that cause the machine 1900 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media may include solid-state memory and optical and magnetic media. In one example, a large machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium having a plurality of products with static quality. Specific examples of a large machine-readable medium may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The instructions 1924 may also be transmitted or received over a communication network 1926 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 1920 using any one of a number of transmission protocols, such as frame relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc. Example communication networks may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the internet), a mobile telephone network (e.g., a cellular network), a Plain Old Telephone (POTS) network, a wireless data network (e.g., referred to as

Of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards, referred to as

The IEEE 802.16 family of standards), the IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In one example, the network interface device/transceiver 1920 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., ethernet, coaxial, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communication network 1926. In one example, network interface device/transceiver 1920 may include multiple antennas to use a single inputWireless communication in at least one of multiple output (SIMO), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), or Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) technologies. The term "transmission medium" shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1900, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. In various embodiments, the operations and processes described and illustrated above may be implemented or performed in any suitable order as desired. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the operations may be performed in parallel. In addition, in some embodiments, more or fewer operations than those described may be performed.

In one embodiment, the guard interval size may be 32 for a short guard interval length and CB ═ 1; for a normal guard interval length and CB ═ 1, the guard interval size may be 64; for a long guard interval length and CB ═ 1, the guard interval size may be 128.

In one embodiment, for a short guard interval length and CB ═ 2, the guard interval size may be 64; for a normal guard interval length and CB ═ 2, the guard interval size may be 128; for a long guard interval length and CB equal to 2, the guard interval size may be 256.

In one embodiment, for a short guard interval length and CB — 3, the guard interval size may be 96; for a normal guard interval length and CB ═ 3, the guard interval size may be 192; for a long guard interval length and CB ═ 3, the guard interval size may be 384.

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a short guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂Field, GI of size 480ⁱ ₆₄Data field, and GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a normal guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄A field, a data field of size 448, and a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a long guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈Fields, data field of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a short guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₁₄Field, data field of size 480, and GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a normal guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, data field of size 448, and GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a long guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈Fields, data field of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a short guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂Field, data field of size 480, and GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂。

In one embodiment, the ith stream for frames with normal guard interval lengthThe EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, data field of size 448, and GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a short guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 64ⁱ ₆₄Field, data field of size 480, and GI of size 32ⁱ ₃₂。

In one embodiment, for the ith flow of a frame with a long guard interval length, the EDMG-CEF field may be followed by a GI of size 128ⁱ ₆₂₈Field, EDMG-header-B field of size 448, GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈Fields, data field of size 384, and GI of size 128ⁱ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, the weight vector for the sequence length 32 may be: +1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 1, [ -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 4, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 5, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for stream 6, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1] for stream 7, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 8, and [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 9, for stream 10 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 11 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1], for stream 12 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1], for stream 13 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1], for stream 14 [ +1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 15 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1], and for stream 16 [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1 ].

In one embodiment, the weight vector for sequence length 64 may be: for stream 1 [ +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1], for stream 2 [ -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1], for stream 3 [ -1, -1, -1, -1, for stream 4 [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1], for stream 5 [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, for stream 6, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, for stream 7, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, for stream 8, +1, -1, -1], for stream 9 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1], for stream 10 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1], for stream 11 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1], for stream 12 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, -1], for stream 13 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1], for stream 15 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, -1], and for stream 16 [ +1, -1, +1,+1, -1, -1].

In one embodiment, the weight vector for the sequence length 128 may be: +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 1, [ -1, +1, +1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 3, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 4, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 5, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1] for stream 6, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1] for stream 7, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 9 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 10 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 11 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 12 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 13 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 14 [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 15 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], and for stream 16, +1, -1,+1,+1, -1,+1,+1].

In one embodiment, the guard interval for the short GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₃₂＝-Ga¹ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₃₂＝-Ga² ₃₂(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₃₂＝-Ga³ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₃₂＝-Ga⁴ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₃₂＝-Ga⁵ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₃₂＝-Ga⁶ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₃₂＝-Ga⁷ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₃₂＝-Ga⁸ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₃₂＝-Ga⁹ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁰ ₃₂(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₃₂＝-Ga¹¹ ₃₂(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₃₂＝-Ga¹² ₃₂(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₃₂＝-Ga¹³ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁴ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁵ ₃₂(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₃₂＝-Ga¹⁶ ₃₂。

In one embodiment, the guard interval for normal GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₆₄＝+Ga¹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₆₄＝+Ga² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₆₄＝+Ga³ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 4, GI⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₆₄＝+Ga⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₆₄＝+Ga⁶ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₆₄＝+Ga⁷ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₆₄＝+Ga⁸ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 9, GI⁹ ₆₄＝+Ga⁹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁰ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₆₄＝+Ga¹¹ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₆₄＝+Ga¹² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₆₄＝+Ga¹³ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 14, GI¹⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁶ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, the guard interval for a long GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 2, GI² ₁₂₈＝-Ga² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 5, GI⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁶ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁷ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁸ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁰ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁶ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga64 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 1, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 3, 1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 4, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 5, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 6, 1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 7, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 8, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 8, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 9, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 10, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 11, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 12, [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 15, and [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 16.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga128 may be: -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 1, +1, -1 for stream 2, +1, -1, -1 for stream 3, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 3, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 4, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 5, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 6, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 6, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 7, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1 for stream 8, < -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 9, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 10, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 11, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 12, [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 13, [ +1, -1, +1, +1 for stream 14, [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1 for stream 15, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1], and [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for stream 16.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga256 may be: -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 1, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1 for stream 2, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 3, [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 4, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 5, [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1] for stream 6, [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1] for stream 7, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, for stream 8, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1 for stream 9, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 10, +1, -1, -1, -1 for stream 11, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 12, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for stream 13, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1], for stream 14 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1], for stream 15 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1], and for stream 16 [ +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga512 may be: for stream 1 [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], for stream 2 [ +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 3 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 4 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1], for stream 5 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, for stream 6 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, +1], for stream 7 [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, for stream 8 [ +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1], for stream 9 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, for stream 10 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, for stream 11 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for stream 12, +1, -1, +1], for stream 13 [ -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, +1, for stream 14 [ +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, for stream 15 [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, and for stream 16 [ +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, + 1.

In one embodiment, the short GI length guard interval may have the following value: for stream 1, GI¹ ₆₄＝-Ga¹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₆₄＝-Ga² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₆₄＝+Ga³ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₆₄＝+Ga⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₆₄＝+Ga⁶ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₆₄＝-Ga⁷ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₆₄＝-Ga⁸ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₆₄＝-Ga⁹ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₆₄＝-Ga¹⁰ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₆₄＝+Ga¹¹ ₆₄(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₆₄＝+Ga¹² ₆₄(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₆₄＝+Ga¹³ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₆₄＝+Ga¹⁴ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₆₄＝-Ga¹⁵ ₆₄(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₆₄＝-Ga¹⁶ ₆₄。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of normal GI lengthMay have the following values: for flow 1, GI¹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₂₈＝+Ga² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₂₈＝+Ga³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁶ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁷ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁸ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga⁹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁰ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹⁶ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of the long GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 2, GI² ₂₅₆＝+Ga² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁶ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 7, GI⁷ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁷ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 8, GI⁸ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁸ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁰ ₂₅₆For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 15, GI¹⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁶ ₂₅₆。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of short GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₁₂₈＝+Ga¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₂₈＝+Ga² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 5, GI⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁶ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁷ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁸ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga⁹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁰ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹¹ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹² ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹³ ₁₂₈(ii) a For stream 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁴ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁵ ₁₂₈(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₂₈＝-Ga¹⁶ ₁₂₈。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of the normal GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₂₅₆＝+Ga² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁶ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁷ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁸ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga⁹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁰ ₂₅₆For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹¹ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹² ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹³ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁴ ₂₅₆(ii) a For stream 15, GI¹⁵ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁵ ₂₅₆(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₂₅₆＝+Ga¹⁶ ₂₅₆。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of the long GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₅₁₂＝+Ga² ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₅₁₂＝+Ga³ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁴ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁵ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁶ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁷ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁸ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₅₁₂＝+Ga⁹ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁰ ₅₁₂For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹¹ ₅₁₂(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹² ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹³ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁴ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁵ ₅₁₂(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₅₁₂＝+Ga¹⁶ ₅₁₂。

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga96 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1 for

streams

1 and 2, for

streams

3 and 4, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for

streams

5 and 6, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1 for

streams

7 and 8, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1 for

streams

9 and 10, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for

streams

11 and 12, -1, +1, -1 for

streams

13 and 14, and-1, +1, +1, -1 for

streams

15 and 16.

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga192 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for

streams

1 and 2, [ -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1 for

streams

3 and 4, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

5 and 6, [ -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

7 and 8, [ -1, +1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

9 and 10, [ -1, +1, -1, -1, -1,1] for

streams

11 and 12, [ -1, +1, -1, +1, -1,1] for

streams

13 and 14, and [ -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for

streams

15 and 16, +1, -1,1].

In one embodiment, the Wk vector for Ga384 may be: -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1 for

streams

1 and 2, for

streams

3 and 4, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1 for

streams

5 and 6, -1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1 for

streams

7 and 8, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1 for

streams

9 and 10, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1 for

streams

11 and 12, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1 for

streams

13 and 14, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, +1], and [ -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, +1, -1] for

streams

15 and 16.

In one embodiment, the guard interval of short GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₉₆＝+Ga¹ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₉₆＝+Ga² ₉₆(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₉₆＝+Ga³ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₉₆＝+Ga⁴ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 5, GI⁵ ₉₆＝+Ga⁵ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₉₆＝+Ga⁶ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₉₆＝+Ga⁷ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₉₆＝+Ga⁸ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₉₆＝+Ga⁹ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 10, GI¹⁰ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁰ ₉₆For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₉₆＝+Ga¹¹ ₉₆(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₉₆＝+Ga¹² ₉₆(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₉₆＝+Ga¹³ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁴ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁵ ₉₆(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₉₆＝+Ga¹⁶ ₉₆。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of the normal GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₁₉₂＝+Ga² ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₁₉₂＝+Ga³ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 4, GI⁴ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁴ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁵ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁶ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 7, GI⁷ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁷ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁸ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₁₉₂＝+Ga⁹ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁰ ₁₉₂For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹¹ ₁₉₂(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹² ₁₉₂(ii) a For stream 13, GI¹³ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹³ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁴ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁵ ₁₉₂(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₁₉₂＝+Ga¹⁶ ₁₉₂。

In one embodiment, the guard interval of the long GI length may have the following value: for flow 1, GI¹ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 2, GI² ₃₈₄＝+Ga² ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 3, GI³ ₃₈₄＝+Ga³ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 4, GI⁴ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁴ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 5, GI⁵ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁵ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 6, GI⁶ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁶ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 7, GI⁷ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁷ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 8, GI⁸ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁸ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 9, GI⁹ ₃₈₄＝+Ga⁹ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 10, GI¹⁰ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁰ ₃₈₄For stream 11, GI¹¹ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹¹ ₃₈₄(ii) a For stream 12, GI¹² ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹² ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 13, GI¹³ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹³ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 14, GI¹⁴ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁴ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 15, GI¹⁵ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁵ ₃₈₄(ii) a For flow 16, GI¹⁶ ₃₈₄＝+Ga¹⁶ ₃₈₄。

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, there may be an apparatus. The apparatus may include a memory and processing circuitry configured to: causing one or more multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels to be established between the device and one or more devices; determining data on a data stream to be sent to at least one of the one or more devices; determining one or more golay sequences; determining one or more guard intervals based on the one or more golay sequences; causing a guard interval to be transmitted to at least one of the one or more devices; and causing data to be transmitted to at least one of the one or more devices.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The length of the one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long. One or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding. The size of the discrete fourier transform, the symbol block length, or the guard interval length may be based on channel bundling factors associated with one or more MIMO communication channels. The MIMO communication channel may also include (i) Single User (SU) MIMO transmissions, or (ii) multi-user (MU) MIMO transmissions. The one or more golay sequences may be based, at least in part, on the one or more weight vectors. The one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors. The one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard interval. The device may also include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals and an antenna coupled to the transceiver.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, there may be a non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations. These operations may include: causing one or more multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels to be established between the device and the one or more devices; determining data on a data stream to be sent to at least one of the one or more devices; determining one or more golay sequences; determining one or more guard intervals based on the one or more golay sequences; causing a guard interval to be transmitted to at least one of the one or more devices; and causing data to be transmitted to at least one of the one or more devices.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The length of one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long. One or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding. The size of the discrete fourier transform, the symbol block length, or the guard interval length may be based on channel bundling factors associated with one or more MIMO communication channels. The MIMO communication channel may also include (i) Single User (SU) MIMO transmissions, or (ii) multi-user (MU) MIMO transmissions. The one or more golay sequences may be based, at least in part, on the one or more weight vectors. The one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors. The one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard interval.

According to an example embodiment, there may be a method. The method can comprise the following steps: establishing, by one or more processors, one or more multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels between a device and one or more devices; determining, by the one or more processors, data on the data stream to be sent to at least one of the one or more devices; determining, by one or more processors, one or more golay sequences; determining, by one or more processors, one or more guard intervals based at least in part on the one or more golay sequences; transmitting, by the one or more processors, a guard interval to at least one of the one or more devices; and transmitting, by the one or more processors, data to at least one of the one or more devices.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The length of one or more guard intervals may be short, medium, or long. The size of the discrete fourier transform, the symbol block length, or the guard interval length may be based on channel bundling factors associated with one or more MIMO communication channels. One or more MIMO communication channels may be based on single carrier channel bonding. The MIMO communication channel may also include (i) Single User (SU) MIMO transmissions, or (ii) multi-user (MU) MIMO transmissions. The one or more golay sequences may be based, at least in part, on the one or more weight vectors. The one or more guard intervals may be based at least in part on one or more delay vectors. The one or more delay vectors may be based at least in part on a length of the guard interval.

According to an example embodiment, there may be an apparatus. The apparatus may include: means for causing one or more multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels to be established between a device and one or more devices; means for determining data on a data stream to be sent to at least one of the one or more devices; means for determining one or more golay sequences; means for determining one or more guard intervals based on the one or more golay sequences; means for causing a guard interval to be transmitted to at least one of the one or more devices; and means for causing data to be transmitted to at least one of the one or more devices.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. As used herein, the terms "computing device," "user device," "communication station," "handheld device," "mobile device," "wireless device," and "User Equipment (UE)" refer to a wireless communication device, such as a cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop computer, femtocell, High Data Rate (HDR) subscriber station, access point, printer, point of sale device, access terminal, or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device. The device may be mobile or stationary.

The term "transmit" as used in this document is intended to include transmit, or receive, or both transmit and receive. This is useful in the claims when describing the organization of data sent by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of these devices is required to infringe the claims. Similarly, when only the functionality of one of these devices is requested to be protected, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmitting and receiving during the exchange) may be described as "transferring". The term "transmit" as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes sending the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit capable of communicating wireless communication signals may include a wireless transmitter to transmit wireless communication signals to at least one other wireless communication unit and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive wireless communication signals from at least one other wireless communication unit.

The term "Access Point (AP)" as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be referred to as a mobile station, User Equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar technology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to a wireless network operating according to one of the IEEE802.11 standards.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, which may be, for example, a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an offboard device, a hybrid device, an onboard device, an offboard device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless domain network, a wireless video domain network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a network, a device, wireless lan (wlan), Personal Area Network (PAN), wireless PAN (wpan), etc.

Some embodiments may incorporate one-way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, mobile telephones, cellular telephones, radiotelephones, Personal Communication System (PCS) devices, PDA devices with wireless communication devices, mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, devices with GPS receivers or transceivers or chips, a device having an RFID element or chip, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single-input multiple-output (SIMU) transceiver or device, a multiple-input single-output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal and/or external antennas, a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) device or system, a multi-standard radio device or system, a wired or wireless handheld device (e.g., a smartphone), a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, and so forth.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems that follow one or more wireless communication protocols, such as Radio Frequency (RF), Infrared (IR), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (ofdm), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (wcdma), CDMA2000, single carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), CDMA, and/or the like,

Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, zigbee (tm), Ultra Wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), and the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various embodiments. It will be understood that, according to some embodiments, one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Similarly, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams do not necessarily need to be executed in the order presented, or need not necessarily be executed, according to some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special purpose computer or other special purpose machine, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. As an example, some embodiments may provide a computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code or program instructions embodied therein, the computer readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements, or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional language such as "may," "might," or "could" is generally used to indicate that some embodiments may include certain features, elements, and/or operations (while other embodiments do not include such features, elements, and/or operations) unless specifically indicated to the contrary or otherwise understood in the context of use. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic (with or without user input or prompting) for deciding whether such features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

1. An apparatus for using a guard interval in communication, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry coupled to communication circuitry to operate physical layer (PHY) communication such that one or more frames are transmitted, and communication circuitry configured to:

determining an Enhanced Directed Multiple Gigabit (EDMG) frame comprising one or more fields;

determining a guard interval associated with a first field of the one or more fields;

determining a size of the first field based on a guard interval size of the guard interval and a predetermined size, wherein the predetermined size is based on a channel bundling factor; and

causing the EDMG frame to be sent to a station device.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the EDMG frame is associated with Single User (SU) communications or with multi-user (MU) communications.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the guard interval size is based on a channel bundling factor.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined size is 512 times the channel bonding factor.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein a size of the first field is equal to the predetermined size minus the guard interval size.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the guard interval size is at least one of a short guard interval size, a normal guard interval size, or a long guard interval size.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the guard interval is determined based on a golay sequence, wherein the golay sequence is associated with a spatial stream.

8. The apparatus of any of claims 1-7, wherein the guard interval size or the size of the first field is based on a chip rate.

9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to cause transmission and reception of wireless signals.

10. The device of claim 9, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver, wherein the one or more antennas are configured to transmit the EDMG frame.

11. A method, comprising:

determining, by one or more processors, an Enhanced Directed Multiple Gigabit (EDMG) frame comprising one or more fields;

causing the EDMG frame to be sent to a station device.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the EDMG frame is associated with Single User (SU) communications or with multi-user (MU) communications.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the guard interval size is based on a channel bundling factor.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the predetermined size is 512 times the channel bonding factor.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein a size of the first field is equal to the predetermined size minus the guard interval size.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the guard interval size is at least one of a short guard interval size, a normal guard interval size, or a long guard interval size.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the guard interval is determined based on a golay sequence, wherein the golay sequence is associated with a spatial stream.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the guard interval size or the size of the first field is based on a chip rate.

19. A machine-readable medium comprising code that, when executed, causes a machine to perform the method of any of claims 11 to 18.

20. An apparatus, comprising:

means for determining an Enhanced Directed Multiple Gigabit (EDMG) frame comprising one or more fields;

means for determining a guard interval associated with a first field of the one or more fields;

means for determining a size of the first field based on a guard interval size of the guard interval and a predetermined size, wherein the predetermined size is based on a channel bundling factor; and

a component for causing the EDMG frame to be transmitted to a station device.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the EDMG frame is associated with a Single User (SU) communication or with a multi-user (MU) communication.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the guard interval size is based on a channel bundling factor.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the predetermined size is 512 times the channel bonding factor.

24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a size of the first field is equal to the predetermined size minus the guard interval size.

25. The apparatus of any of claims 20-24, wherein the guard interval size is at least one of a short guard interval size, a normal guard interval size, or a long guard interval size.