CA2773681C - Method and apparatus of transmitting training signal in wireless local area network system - Google Patents
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/2634—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Abstract
A method of transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system includes generating one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P to a training signal generation sequence, mapping the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix, and performing Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and transmitting the training signals through the plurality of antennas.
Description
Description Title of Invention: METHOD AND APPARATUS OF
TRANSMITTING TRAINING SIGNAL IN WIRELESS LOCAL
AREA NETWORK SYSTEM
Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system.
Background Art [0002] With the recent development of information communication technology, a variety of wireless communication techniques are being developed. From among them, a WLAN
is a technique which enables wireless access to the Internet at homes or companies or in specific service providing areas through mobile terminals, such as a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a laptop computer, and a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), on the basis of radio frequency technology.
TRANSMITTING TRAINING SIGNAL IN WIRELESS LOCAL
AREA NETWORK SYSTEM
Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system.
Background Art [0002] With the recent development of information communication technology, a variety of wireless communication techniques are being developed. From among them, a WLAN
is a technique which enables wireless access to the Internet at homes or companies or in specific service providing areas through mobile terminals, such as a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a laptop computer, and a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), on the basis of radio frequency technology.
[0003] Since and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802 (i.e., the standard organization of WLAN technology) was set up on February, 1980, lots of standardization tasks are being performed.
[0004] The initial WLAN technology was able to support the bit rate of 1 to 2 Mbps through frequency hopping, band spreading, and infrared communication by using a 2.4 GHz frequency band in accordance with IEEE 802.11, but the recent WLAN technology can support a maximum bit rate of 54 Mbps by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM). In addition, in the IEEE 802.11, the standardization of various techniques, such as the improvements of Quality of Service (QoS), the compatibility of Access Point (AP) protocols, security enhancement, radio resource measurement, wireless access vehicular environment for vehicle environments, fast roaming, a mesh network, interworking with an external network, and wireless network management, is put to practical use or being developed.
[0005] Furthermore, as a recent technology standard for overcoming limits to the commu-nication speed considered as vulnerabilities in the WLAN, there is IEEE
802.11n which has recently been standardized. The object of the IEEE 802.11n is to increase the speed and reliability of a network and to expand the coverage of a wireless network. More particularly, the IEEE 802.11n is based on a Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technique using multiple antennas on both sides of a transmitter and a receiver in order to support a High Throughput (HT) having a data processing speed of 540 Mbps or higher, minimize transmission errors, and optimize the data rate. Furthermore, the IEEE 802.11n may use not only a coding method of transmitting several redundant copies in order to increase data reliability, but also an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) method in order to increase the data rate.
802.11n which has recently been standardized. The object of the IEEE 802.11n is to increase the speed and reliability of a network and to expand the coverage of a wireless network. More particularly, the IEEE 802.11n is based on a Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technique using multiple antennas on both sides of a transmitter and a receiver in order to support a High Throughput (HT) having a data processing speed of 540 Mbps or higher, minimize transmission errors, and optimize the data rate. Furthermore, the IEEE 802.11n may use not only a coding method of transmitting several redundant copies in order to increase data reliability, but also an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) method in order to increase the data rate.
[0006] With the spread of the WLAN being activated and applications using the WLAN becoming diverse, there is a need for a new WLAN system for supporting a higher throughput than the data processing speed supported by the IEEE 802.11n standard. A Very High Throughput (VHT) WLAN system is one of IEEE 802.11 WLAN systems recently proposed in order to support the data processing speed of 1 Gpbs, or higher.
The term 'VHT
WLAN system' is arbitrary, and a feasibility test for MIMO and a system using a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz or higher is in progress in order to provide the throughput of 1 Gpbs or higher.
The term 'VHT
WLAN system' is arbitrary, and a feasibility test for MIMO and a system using a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz or higher is in progress in order to provide the throughput of 1 Gpbs or higher.
[0007] In order to handle an increase of the number of spatial streams that can be used to send data and to support MIMO transmission for multiple users, a method of generating and sending a training signal for the channel estimation of spatial streams between a transmission station and a reception station needs to be taken into consideration.
Summary of Invention [0008] Aspects of the present invention provide a method of generating and sending a training signal in a WLAN system and an apparatus supporting the method.
[0008a] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of transmitting a training signal in a wireless local area network, the method comprising:
generating, by a transmitter, eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the eight VHT-LTF
symbols to a receiver, wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, P =
P4x4 P4x4 ['4x4 4x4¨
2a where P4X4 is a defined as below I ¨I I
1 1 ¨1 1 P4 x 4 =
1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1_=
[0008b] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radio apparatus, comprising: a training signal generation unit configured to generate eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P
to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven; and a training signal transmission unit operatively connected to the training signal generation unit and configured to transmit the eight VHT-LTF symbols to a receiver; wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, =[P4x 4 P4x 4 P
P4x 4 ¨P4x 4 where P4X4 is a defined as below 1 ¨1 1 1 1 1 ¨1 1 P4 x 4 =
1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1_=
Summary of Invention [0008] Aspects of the present invention provide a method of generating and sending a training signal in a WLAN system and an apparatus supporting the method.
[0008a] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of transmitting a training signal in a wireless local area network, the method comprising:
generating, by a transmitter, eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the eight VHT-LTF
symbols to a receiver, wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, P =
P4x4 P4x4 ['4x4 4x4¨
2a where P4X4 is a defined as below I ¨I I
1 1 ¨1 1 P4 x 4 =
1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1_=
[0008b] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radio apparatus, comprising: a training signal generation unit configured to generate eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P
to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven; and a training signal transmission unit operatively connected to the training signal generation unit and configured to transmit the eight VHT-LTF symbols to a receiver; wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, =[P4x 4 P4x 4 P
P4x 4 ¨P4x 4 where P4X4 is a defined as below 1 ¨1 1 1 1 1 ¨1 1 P4 x 4 =
1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1_=
[0009] In another aspect, there is provided a method of transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system, including generating one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P to a training signal generation sequence; mapping the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix; and performing Inverse Fast Fourier 2b Transform (IFFT) on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and sending the training signals through the plurality of antennas.
[0010] The mapping matrix P may be determined by Equation below.
[0011]
[P4x 4 P4x 4 P =
P4x 4 --P4x4 [0012] where P4x4 is a 4x4 orthogonal matrix.
[P4x 4 P4x 4 P =
P4x 4 --P4x4 [0012] where P4x4 is a 4x4 orthogonal matrix.
[0013] The P4x4 may be equal to Equation below.
[0014]
1 ¨1 1 1 1 1 ¨1 1 P4x4 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1 [0015] The first training signals may be used for the first destination station to demodulate data of the first destination station, transmitted after the first training signals are transmitted, or to estimate a channel between the first destination station and a transmission station transmitting the first training signals. The second training signals may be used for the second destination station to demodulate data of the second des-tination station, transmitted after the second training signals are transmitted, or to estimate a channel between the second destination station and the transmission station.
1 ¨1 1 1 1 1 ¨1 1 P4x4 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1 [0015] The first training signals may be used for the first destination station to demodulate data of the first destination station, transmitted after the first training signals are transmitted, or to estimate a channel between the first destination station and a transmission station transmitting the first training signals. The second training signals may be used for the second destination station to demodulate data of the second des-tination station, transmitted after the second training signals are transmitted, or to estimate a channel between the second destination station and the transmission station.
[0016] In another aspect, there is provided a method of transmitting a training signal in a WLAN system, including generating a plurality of training signals by applying a mapping matrix Pk to a training signal generation sequence and transmitting the plurality of training signals to one or more destination stations.
[0017] The mapping matrix Pk may be determined by Equation below.
[0018]
Pk P-1 Pk-1 =
[' kk-1 ¨13k-1 [0019] wherein is a natural number, and Po is a 4x4 orthogonal matrix.
Pk P-1 Pk-1 =
[' kk-1 ¨13k-1 [0019] wherein is a natural number, and Po is a 4x4 orthogonal matrix.
[0020] The 4x4 orthogonal matrix Po may be equal to Equation below.
[0021]
1 ¨1 1 1 1 I ¨1 1 Po =
1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1 [0022] The number of training signals may be equal to or larger than the number of spatial streams used to transmit data when the data is transmitted to the one or more des-tination stations after the training signals are transmitted.
1 ¨1 1 1 1 I ¨1 1 Po =
1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1 [0022] The number of training signals may be equal to or larger than the number of spatial streams used to transmit data when the data is transmitted to the one or more des-tination stations after the training signals are transmitted.
[0023] The training signal may be used for the destination station to demodulate data transmitted after the training signal is transmitted or to estimate a channel between the destination station and a transmission station transmitting the training signal.
100241 Transmitting the plurality of training signals to the one or more destination stations may include mapping the plurality of training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix and performing IFFT on each of the plurality of training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and sending the training signals through the plurality of antennas.
[0025] The training signal generation sequence may be a predetermined value and selected according to a bandwidth of a channel used.
(00261 In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of transmitting a training signal in a WLAN system, including generating a first training signal for a first destination station by applying a first mapping matrix to a training signal generation sequence, generating a second training signal for a second destination station by applying a second mapping matrix to the training signal generation sequence, and sending or transmitting the first training signal and the second training signal to a plurality of destination stations, comprising the first destination station and the second destination station, by using Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) technology.
[0027] In another aspect, there is provided a radio apparatus, including a training signal transmission unit transmitting a training signal and a training signal generation unit generating the training signal. The training signal generation unit generates one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P toa training signal generation sequence. transmitting the first training signals and the second training signals to the first destination station and the second destination station is configured to map the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas based on an antenna mapping matrix and to perform 11-.F1 on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and tranmit the first training signals and the second training signals through the plurality of antennas.
[0028] The mapping matrix P may be determined by Equation below.
[0029]
[.1)4x4 P4x4 P =
1'4x4 ¨P4x4 [0030] where P4x4 is a 4x4 orthogonal matrix.
[0031] The P4x4 may be equal to Equation below.
1 ¨1 1 1 1 1 ¨1 1 P4x4 1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1 [0033] In some aspects, there is provided a mapping matrix which can be used in a method of generating and sending a training signal in a WLAN system. Accordingly, multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) using a plurality of spatial streams can be supported.
Brief Description of Drawings [0034] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a WLAN system to which an em-bodiment of the present invention can be applied;
[0035] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT
system;
[0036] FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of a process of generating an LTF;
[0037] FIG. 4 shows an example of an HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF
according to the number of spatial streams;
[0038] FIG. 5 shows an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a VHT
system supporting MU-MIMO transmission using 8 or more spatial streams;
[0039] FIG. 6 shows a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] FIG. 7 shows a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] FIG. 8 shows a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to yet another em-bodiment of the present invention;
[0042] FIG. 9 shows an 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0043] FIG. 10 shows an 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and a method of using the same according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] FIG. 11 shows an 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and a method of using the same according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; and [0045] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a radio apparatus in which embodiments of the present invention are implemented.
Description of Embodiments [0046] Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0047] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a WLAN system to which an em-bodiment of the present invention can be applied.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, the WLAN system includes one or more Basic Service Sets (hereinafter referred to as a `BSS'). The BSS is a set of stations (hereinafter referred to as a 'STA') which can communicate with each other through successful synchro-nization. The BSS is not a concept indicating a specific area. Furthermore, as in a WLAN system to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied, a BSS
supporting ultra-high data processing of 1 GHz or higher at the MAC Service Access Point (SAP) is referred to as a VHT BSS.
[0049] The VHT BSS can be classified into an infrastructure BSS and an Independent BSS
(hereinafter referred to as an `IBSS'). An infrastructure BSS is shown in FIG.
1. The infrastructure BSS BSS1 and BSS2 includes one or more Non-AP STAs STA 1, STA
3, and STA 4, Access Points AP 1 (STA 2) and AP 2 (STA 5) providing distribution service, and a Distribution System (hereinafter referred to as a 'DS') interconnecting the plurality of APs AP 1 and AP 2. In the infrastructure BSS, an AP STA
manages the Non-AP STAs of the BSS.
[0050] On the other hand, the IBSS (i.e., the independent BSS) is a BSS
operating in the ad-hoc mode. The IBSS does not include a centralized management entity, performing a management function at the center, because it does not include an AP VHT STA.
That is, in the IBSS, Non-AP STAs are managed in a distributed manner. Furthermore, in the IBSS, all STAs can be composed of mobile STAs, and they form a self-contained network because access to a DS is not permitted.
[0051] An STA is certain function media, including a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and a physical layer interface for a radio medium in accordance with the IEEE
802.11 standard, and it broadly includes both an AP and a Non-AP STA. Furthermore, an STA, supporting MU-MIMO transmission to be described later and ultra-high data processing of 1 GHz or higher, is referred to as a VHT STA. In a VHT WLAN
system to which the embodiment of the present invention can be applied, all STAs included in the BSS may be VHT STAs or may be VHT STAs and non-VHT STAs (e.g., STAs supporting the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n standards) which coexist.
[0052] An STA for wireless communication includes a processor and a transceiver and further includes a user interface, display means, etc. The processor is a function unit configured to generate a frame which will be transmitted over a wireless network or to process a frame received over the wireless network. The processor performs various functions for controlling the STA. Furthermore, the transceiver is functionally connected to the processor and configured to transmit and receive a frame over the wireless network for the STA.
[0053] Portable terminal used by users, from among STAs, correspond to Non-AP STAs (e.g., STA1, STA3, and STA4). An STA may be simply referred as a Non-AP STA.
The Non-AP STA may also be referred to as another terminology, such as a terminal, a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a mobile terminal, or a mobile subscriber unit. Furthermore, a Non-AP
STA, supporting ultra-high data processing on the basis of MU-MIMO technology to be described later, is referred to as a Non-AP VHT STA or simply a VHT STA.
[0054] Furthermore, the APs AP1 and AP2 are function entities providing access to the DS
via a radio medium for STAs (i.e., association STAs) associated therewith. In an in-frastructure BSS including an AP, communication between Non-AP STAs is performed via the AP in principle. In case where a direct link is set up, communication can be directly performed between Non-AP STAs. The AP may also be referred to as a concentrated controller, a Base Station (BS), a node-B, a Base Transceiver System (BTS), or a site controller. Furthermore, an AP, supporting ultra-high data processing on the basis of MU-MIMO technology to be described later, is referred to as a VHT
AP.
[0055] A plurality of infrastructure BSSs can be interconnected through a DS (Distribution System). The plurality of BSSs interconnected through the DS is called an Extended Service Set (ESS). STAs included in the ESS can communicate with each other.
Non-AP STAs can continue to communicate with each other within the same ESS and move from one BSS to another BSS.
[0056] A DS is a mechanism for enabling one AP to communicate with the other AP.
According to the mechanism, an AP may send a frame to STAs which are managed by the AP and connected to a BSS, transfer a frame to any one STA in case where the STA has moved to another BSS, or transfer a frame over an external network, such as a wired network. The DS needs not to be necessarily a network, and it may have any type as long as it can provide predetermined distribution service regulated in the IEEE
802.11 standard. For example, the DS may be a wireless network, such as a mesh network, or a physical structure for interconnecting APs.
[0057] In a VHT WLAN system, several STAs use the MU-MIMO technology in order to efficiently use a radio channel at the same time. In other words, several STAs are permitted to send and receive data to and from an AP at the same time. An AP
may send spatially multiplexed radio frames to several STAs at the same time. To this end, the AP may measure a channel condition, perform beamforming, and send and receive data using a plurality of spatial stream.
[0058] Hereinafter, to spatially multiplex data and send the spatially multiplexed data to a plurality of STAs is referred to as MU-MIMO transmission or SDMA transmission.
In MU-MIMO transmission, at least one spatial stream is assigned to each STA
which is a transmission target, and data can be sent to the STA using the assigned spatial stream.
[0059] Hereinafter, an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g standards is referred to as a legacy STA and an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11n standard is referred to as an HT
STA, in order to distinguish a VHT STA from the legacy STA and the HT STA.
Likewise, a WLAN system supporting the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g standard is referred to as a legacy system and a WLAN system supporting the IEEE 802.11n standard is referred to as an HT system, in order to distinguish a VHT system from the legacy system and the HT system. The functions of fields, assigned the same name in a PLCP frame format described herein, are the same in the entire range of this specification, unless otherwise described.
[0060] A PLCP frame is generated in the PLCP sublayer of an STA and transmitted to a des-tination STA via a PMD sublayer by using multiple antennas. Hereinafter, a PLCP
frame format and a method of sending fields constituting the PLCP frame format are only illustrative, and the sequence in which the fields are transmitted is not limited to that shown in the drawings. In the following description, the sequence in which the fields are transmitted may be changed, unless the sequence is specially described otherwise, and some of the fields may be omitted or additional fields may be added.
[0061] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT
system.
[0062] For detailed information about the HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT
system, reference may be made to Paragraph 20.3 of IEEE 802.11n/D11.0 "Part 11:
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications;
Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput" disclosed on June, 2009.
[0063] A PLCP frame is used to send a PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). The HT-mixed mode PLCP format of FIG. 2 is a PLCP format for guaranteeing the coexistence of an HT STA and a legacy STA in the HT system. To this end, the HT-mixed mode PLCP
format includes a series of fields (e.g., L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG) for a legacy STA
(so that the legacy STA can also recognize the fields).
[0064] Elements included in the HT-mixed mode PLCP frame are listed in Table 1 below.
[0065] [Table 11 [0066] Element Description L-STF Used for frame timing acquisition and Automatic Gain (Non-HT Short Training Field) Control (AGC) convergence L-LTF
Used for channel estimation (Non-HT Long Training Field) L-SIG Including information for demodulating and decoding data (Non-HT SIGNAL Field) for L-STA
HT-SIG Including information that an HT-STA
demodulates and (HT SIGNAL field) decodes data HT-STF
Used for frame timing acquisition and AGC convergence (HT Short Training Field) HT-GF-STF
. Used for frame timing acquisition and AGC
convergence (HT-Green Field Short Training (only an HT STA can read HT-GF-STF) Field) HT-LTF I
Used l'or. channel estimation (First HT Long Training Field) HT-LTF Including data HT-LTF, used for channel estimation for data demodulation for HT-STA, and extension HT-LTF
(HT Long Training Field) used for channel sounding Data Field Including PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) [0067] STFs (Short Training Fields), such as L-STF, HT-STF, and HT-GF-STF, are used for frame timing acquisition, Automatic Gain Control (AGC), and so on and thus also referred to as a sync signal or a sync channel. That is, the STF is used for synchro-nization between STAs or between an STA and an AP.
[0068] Long Training Fields (LTFs), such as L-LTF and HT-LTF, are used for channel es-timation for the demodulation of data or control information or both and thus also referred to as a reference signal, a training signal, or a pilot.
[0069] Fields, such as L-SIG and HT-SIG, are used to provide pieces of information necessary to decode data and thus also referred to as control information.
[0070] In the HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT system, a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), and a Legacy Signal (L-SIG) are first transmitted. Accordingly, a legacy STA can read the PLCP format. An HT STA can know that a corresponding PLCP format is for an HT STA by acquiring control in-formation from an HT-SIG field received after an L-SIG field.
[0071] In the HT system, Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) transmission is possible. An L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG, and an HT-SIG are transmitted omni-directionally according to a non-MIMO transmission scheme, and an HT-STF and data are transmitted according to a SU-MIMO transmission scheme.
[0072] An HT-SIG includes information for interpreting an HT packet format following the HT-SIG. The HT-SIG consists of a total of 24 bits and includes the following in-formation.
[0073] - Modulation and Coding Scheme: 7 bits [0074] - Channel bandwidth 20/40 MHz: 1 bit [0075] - HT length: 16 bits [0076] - Smoothing: 1 bit [0077] - Not sounding: 1 bit [0078] - Reserved: 1 bit [0079] - Aggregation: 1 bit [0080] - STBC: 2 bits [0081] - FEC coding: 1 bit [0082] - Short GI: 1 bit [0083] - Number of Extension Spatial Streams: 2 bits [0084] - CRC: 8 bits [0085] - Tail bits: 6 bits [0086] As can be seen from Number of Extension Spatial Streams which is one of the fields constituting the HT-SIG, an HT STA supports SU-MIMO using a maximum of four spatial streams. Accordingly, there is a need for a new LTF for the channel estimation of multi spatial streams because channel estimation for each stream cannot be performed using a legacy LTF.
[0087] An HT system defines an HT-LTF for MIMO channel estimation. An HT-LTF
is used for channel estimation like an LTF described above, but differs from an L-LTF in that the HT-LTF is designed to estimate an MIMO channel.
[0088] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a process of generating an LTF. In FIG. 3, the process of generating an HT-LTF is described as an example.
However, the above process may be applied to the generation of a VHT-LTF of the present invention.
[0089] An HTLTF sequence (HTLTFk) is multiplied by an HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF.
The HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF is an orthogonal mapping matrix multiplied to the HTLTF sequence such that an HT-LTF can use it to estimate a channel for an MIMO
channel. The HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF may be defined by Equation 1 below.
[0090] [Equation 11 [0091] 1 ¨1 1 1 -1 1 ¨1 1 "HTLTF ¨
1 1 1 ¨1 _-1 1 1 1_ [0092] Next, a Cyclic Shift Delay (CSD) process for preventing unwanted beamforming is performed, and the HTLTF sequence is mapped to a Transmit (Tx) antenna by means of an antenna map matrix Qk for a k subcarrier. The antenna map matrix Qk functions to map a space time stream and a transmit chain. The HTLTF sequence mapped to the transmit chain is subjected to Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and then transmitted through the Tx antenna.
[0093] The HTLTF sequence may be an example of a training signal generation sequence according to the present invention. The training signal generation sequence according to the present invention may be referred to as a VHTLTF sequence, but an arbitrary name. A different training signal generation sequence may be used according to a channel bandwidth used by a VHT WLAN system. In other words, a different training signal generation sequence may be used according to a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. The training signal generation sequence is already known to an STA, transmitting a training signal, and an STA receiving the training signal. The receiving STA can estimate a channel and demodulate data using a training signal with reference to a training signal generation sequence which is used according to a bandwidth of the channel.
[0094] FIG. 4 shows an example of an HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF according to the number of spatial streams.
[0095] As can be seen from the example of FIG. 4, a training symbol is defined per spatial stream and transmitted in order to estimate the channel of each spatial stream. When the number of spatial streams is 1, 2, or 4, 1, 2, or 4 HT-LTFs are transmitted.
However, when the number of spatial streams is 3, one extra long training symbol is added, and four HT-LTFs are used.
[0096] In order to describe a method of estimating the channel of an HT-STA
by using an orthogonal mapping matrix, it is assumed that in an HT system, a transmitting STA
sends a training symbol to a receiving STA through 2 layers. Here, the training symbol received by the receiving STA may be represented by Equation 2 below.
[0097] [Equation 21 [0098] ( P1(4)=HTLTF
[11(01 h12 1(t)1+Ii(t)1 P1(t2)= ¨HTLTF
Lr2 (t) 721 h22 j _P2 (t) n2 (t) P2 (4 ) = HTLTF
P2 (t2 ) = HTLTF
[0099] where him, indicates a channel between the nth antenna of a sender and the mth antenna of a receiver, 13,1(t) indicates a training symbol transmitted through the nth antenna of the sender, and nm(t) indicates Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) experienced by the mth antenna of the receiver. Equation 2 may be represented into Equation 3 below by substituting a training symbol into Equation 2.
[0100] [Equation 31 [0101] -71(0- - hip< HTLTF + hilx HTLTF + ni(ti) -r2(t1) h21x HTLTF + h22x HTLTF +
n2(t2) r1(t2) HTLTF + HTLTF + ni(t2) r2(t2) _ LI x HTLTF + h22 x Han,' + n-2(1-2) _ _ _ [0102] If the channel h is found for all n and m in Equation 3, it results in Equation 4 below.
[0103] [Equation 41 [0104]k (ti ) ¨ (t2 ) 2 x HTLTF
hu = 71(0+71(72) 2 x HTLTF
_r2(ti)¨ r2(t2) "21 ¨
2 x HTL TF
r2(t1) + r2(t2) h22 2 x HTLTF
[0105] When the number of layers is 3 or 4, the channel hi,m can be found through the process of Equation 2 to Equation 4.
[0106] Hereinafter, assuming that four Tx antennas and one Rx antenna exist, a channel in-formation Signal power-to-Noise power Ratio (SNR) when a channel is estimated is found.
[0107] Here, a signal received by the Rx antenna may be represented by Equation 5.
[0108] [Equation 51 [0109]
r(to) = +hoP + hiP + h2P ¨ h3P + n(to) r(ti) = ¨hoP + hiP + h2P + h3P + n(ti) r(t2)= +hoP ¨ hiP + h2P + h3P + n(t2) r(t3)= +hoP + hiP ¨ h2P +173P + n(t3) [0110] A result of the channel estimation obtained by Equation 5 may be represented by Equation 6 below.
[0111] [Equation 61 [0112]h = r(to)¨ r(ti) + r(t2)+ r(t3) o ' 4 x P
= h + n(to) ¨ n(4) + n(t2)+ n(t3) o 4 x P
[0113] In Equation 6, the second term on the right side indicates noise included in the received signal. From Equation 6, the SNR of a signal received by a receiving terminal can be found as in Equation 7 below.
[0114] [Equation 71 [0115] s 14121 E[n(to) ¨ n(ti)+ n(t2)+ n(t3) 2 4 x P
1h012 1 xE[In(to)¨n(ti)+ n(t2)+ n(t3 )12]
EV12 ____________________________________ 16 x E[1P12]x lho n(I1)+ n(12) n(13)121 16x ETIP12 x lho 4 x o-2 = 4 x 114 o-2 [0116] In Equation 7, cY2 is a noise power spectrum density. As can be seen from the expansion of the equation, a channel estimation gain of about 6 dB can be obtained from four times of LTF transmission.
[0117] A VHT WLAN system supports MU-MIMO in addition to SU-MIMO. It is expected that a VHT system will support MIMO transmission of a minimum of 8 spatial streams. An example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a VHT system supporting MU-MIMO transmission using 8 or more spatial streams is shown in FIG.
5.
[0118] In FIG. 5, a VHT-Green Field Format is an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a system consisting of only VHT STAs. A VHT-Mixed Format is an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a system in which a legacy STA, an HT STA, and a VHT STA coexist. A VHT-Mixed Green Field Format is an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a system consisting of only an HT STA and a VHT STA. The names of fields constituting the PLCP frame format and the PLCP frame format shown in FIG. 5, the sequence in which the fields are transmitted, and a method of sending the fields are arbitrary. Hereinafter, the sequence and the method, unless specially described otherwise, are not limited to that shown in FIG. 5.
[0119] The VHT-Mixed Format is different from the VHT-Green Field Format in that it further includes fields (e.g., an L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG field, and an HT-SIG field) for a legacy STA and an HT STA existing in a system. Here, the fields (e.g., an L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG field, and an HT-SIG field) for a legacy STA and an HT STA
are transmitted without beamforming. Fields from a VHT-STF may be precoded, subjected to beamforming, and then transmitted.
[0120] The VHT-Mixed Green Field Format may include an HT-GF-STF, an HT-LTF1, and an HT-SIG field for an HT STA.
[0121] In the PLCP frame format of FIG. 5,the VHT-STF and the VHT-LTF for a VHT
STA may be precoded, subjected to beamforming, and then transmitted. A PLCP
frame format which is used in a VHT system supporting MU-MIMO using 8 or more spatial streams requires more transmission of a VHT-LTF and an extension VHT-LTF, as compared with an HT system. The VHT-LTF is used to estimate a channel and de-modulate data. The extension VHT-LTF is used to sound the extra spatial dimensions of an MIMO channel.
[0122] The present invention proposes a method of generating VHT-LTFs for transmitting 5 or more layers which may be used in a VHT system, an orthogonal mapping matrix used to generate the VHT-LTF, and a method of using the orthogonal mapping matrix.
[0123] FIG. 6 shows the method of generating VHT-LTFs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0124] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the orthogonal mapping matrix applied to the VHT-LTF may be used on an STA basis. In FIG. 6, it is assumed that in a VHT system, a VHT-STAO is sought to perform MU-MIMO transmission to a VHT-STA1 and a VHT-STA2. It is also assumed that the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-STA2 (i.e., destination STAs for MU-MIMO transmission) can perform reception through 4 layers and 2 layers, respectively.
[0125] The number of LTFs that should be received by the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-may be signaled to the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-STA2 through a VHT-SIG field transmitted prior to sending VHT-LTFs. When the transmitting STA VHT-STAO
sends a PLCP frame, the transmitting STA VHT-STAO sends a total of 6 VHT-LTFs. The first 4 VHT-LTFs of the 6 VHT-LTFs may be received by the VHT-STA1 in order to estimate a channel. The remaining 2 VHT-LTFs of the 6 VHT-LTFs may be received by the VHT-STA2 in order to estimate a channel. An orthogonal mapping matrix used to generate the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA1 and an orthogonal mapping matrix 620 used to generate the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA2 may be individually used.
[0126] For example, the HTLTF mapping matrix of an HT system in Equation 1 may be used as the orthogonal mapping matrix.
[0127] FIG. 6 shows an example in which a 4x4 HT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is used for the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA1 and a 2x2 HT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is used for the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA2.
[0128] FIG. 7 shows an example of a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0129] In accordance with the method of generating VHT-LTFs according to the em-bodiment of the present invention, VHT-LTFs may be generated and transmitted using one VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix irrespective of the number of destination STAs. In other words, the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix may be configured and used according to the number of a total of layers (i.e., a required number of VHT-LTFs).
[0130] In FIG. 7, it is assumed that a source STA VHT-STAO sends data to each of a des-tination STA VHT-STA1 and a destination VHT-STA2 through 3 layers. Here, the number of VHT-LTFs that should be sent to each of the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-STA2 is 4, and a total of eight times of VHT-LTF transmission is required. The method of FIG. 6 in which the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is applied to each of destination STAs also requires eight times of VHT-LTF transmission.
[0131] The VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix used to generate the eight VHT-LTFs may be configured as in the matrix 710 of FIG. 7.
[0132] A 3x4 matrix 710-1 used to generate four VHT-LTFs sent to the VHT-STA1 and a 3x4 matrix 710-2 used to generate four VHT-LTFs sent to the VHT-STA2 can be obtained by using a 3x4 HT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix. The remaining elements of the matrix 710 other than the 3x4 matrix 710-1 and the 3x4 matrix 710-2 consist of O.
[0133] The above method of sending the eight VHT-LTFs in a condition that the eight VHT-LTFs are sent to the destination STAs through a total of 6 layers may cause throughput loss.
[0134] In order to solve the above problem, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix may be used according to the number of a total of layers. That is, the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix may be used for one layer, two layers, or four layers.
[0135] This method can be used to prevent a reduction of transmission efficiency by reducing an unnecessary number of VHT-LTF transmissions.
[0136] FIG. 8 shows a method of generating and sending VHT-LTFs according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
[0137] In case where data is sought to be sent to each of a VHT-STA1 and a through 3 layers, a total of 6 VHT-LTFs have to be generated. Here, a VHT-LTF
or-thogonal mapping matrix may be configured according to one layer, two layers, or 4 layers without distinguishing destination STAs to which data will be sent through the total of 6 layers.
[0138] A VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix 810 of FIG. 8 may have a 6x6 square matrix, including a 4x4 partial matrix 810-1 and a 2x2 partial matrix 810-2.
The remaining elements of the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix 810 other than the 4x4 partial matrix 810-1 and the 2x2 partial matrix 810-2 consist of 0. Here, an HTLTF mapping matrix may be used as the 4x4 partial matrix 810-1, and a 2x2 HTLTF mapping matrix may be used as the 2x2 partial matrix 810-2.
[0139] The 8 VHT-LTFs are used to send data through the total of 6 layers in the method of FIG. 7. However, if the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix of FIG. 8 is used, 6 VHT-LTFs can be used to send data through the total of 6 layers. Accordingly, a reduction of system efficiency can be prevented because two VHT-LTFs for data transmission can be reduced.
[0140] Meanwhile, a conventional HT system is problematic in that it cannot be applied to a VHT system for supporting data transmission through at least 8 layers because it supports data transmission through a maximum of 4 layers. In other words, an 8x8 or-thogonal mapping matrix that can be used in a VHT system for supporting data transmission through 5 or more layers must be taken into consideration.
[0141] The present invention proposes an 8x8 orthogonal mapping matrix P
- VHT-LTF(8Tx) for a VHT system.
[0142] An example of the 8x8 orthogonal mapping matrix P
- VHT-LTF(8Tx) for a VHT system, proposed by the present invention, can be obtained by using Equation 8 below.
[0143] [Equation 81 [0144] H2 k _1 H2k -1 H2 k =
ff2 k -1 - H2 k-1 _ _ (where =[11) [0145] The 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix obtained according to Equation 8 and a method of using the same are shown in FIG. 9.
[0146] The 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention may be obtained and applied to transmission through 5, 6, 7, or 8 layers, as shown in FIG. 9. In the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix of FIG.
9, codes between the layers always maintain orthogonality. Accordingly, an STA
receiving VHT-LTFs can easily obtain information about a channel to be estimated through calculation using + and - in the same manner as Equation 4. In the VHT-LTF
orthogonal mapping matrix of FIG. 9, the sequence of column vectors may be randomly changed.
[0147] Another example of the 8x8 orthogonal mapping matrix P
- VHT-LTF(8Tx) for a VHT
system, proposed by the present invention, can be obtained by using Equation 9 below.
[0148] [Equation 91 [0149] H2 k -1 H2k-1 II2k =
_ff2 k -1 - [12 k-1 _ [0150] The matrix generation method according to Equation 9 is basically the same as that of Equation 8. Here, ff2k -1 of Equation 9 may become the LTF mapping matrix of an HT system. In other words, an 8x8 matrix, obtained by extending the HT LTF mapping matrix of Equation 1 according to Equation 9, can be used as the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix of the method of generating and sending VHT-LTFs, proposed by the present invention.
[0151] As described above, the 8x8 or 16x16 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is obtained by using an HT system. The conventional transmission limit using a maximum of 4 layers can be overcome, and the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix that can be applied to a VHT system supporting 8 layers or more can be obtained. Fur-thermore, there is an advantage in terms of backward compatibility.
[0152] FIG. 10 shows the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix described in connection with Equation 9 and a method of using the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix for transmission through 5 to 8 layers according to another em-bodiment of the present invention.
[0153] For example, in case where transmission is performed through 5 layers, a partial matrix obtained by first to fifth row vectors may be used. In case where transmission is performed through 7 layers, a partial matrix obtained by first to seventh row vectors may be used. Here, the sequence of column vectors may be randomly changed.
[0154] FIG. 11 shows the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix described in connection with Equation 9 and a method of using the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix for transmission through 5 to 8 layers according to yet another em-bodiment of the present invention.
[01551 If the method of generating and sending a training signal using the matrix of FIG. 11 is used, 1 to 4 layers may be used according to the existing HT system method, a 5x6 or 6x6 matrix set may be used in 5 or 6 layers, and a 7x8 or 8x8 matrix set may be used in 7 or 8 layers.
[0156] In the above method of generating and sending VHT-LTFs, in case where VHT-LTFs are sought to be transmitted through 5 or 6 layers, only 6 VHT-LTFs can be transmitted. Accordingly, there is an advantage in terms of transmission efficiency.
[0157] In the partial matrices used according to the number of layers in FIG. 11, the sequence of column vectors may be randomly changed.
[0158] FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a radio apparatus in which the embodiments of the present invention are implemented. The radio apparatus 1200 may be part of the non-AP STA or the AP of a WLAN system.
[0159] The radio apparatus 1200 includes an LTF generation unit 1210 and an LTF
transmission unit 1220. The LTF generation unit 1210 generates a training signal by using the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix according to the above-described em-bodiments. The LTF transmission unit 1220 sends the generated training signal to one or more radio apparatuses. The generation and transmission of the training signal may be performed through multiple antennas by multiplying the training signal sequence VHTLTFk by the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and then performing processes, such as Cyclic Shift Delay (CSD) for preventing unwanted beamforming, mapping between a space time stream and a transmit chain, and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). To this end, the LTF transmission unit 1220 may include multiple antennas. The LTF transmission unit 1220 may send part of or the entire training signal, generated by the LTF generation unit 1210, through a beamforming process through precoding and beamforming. Here, the beamforming process through precoding may be performed by the LTF generation unit 1210.
[0160] The LTF generation unit 1210 and the LTF transmission unit 1220 may be im-plemented in a single chip in the form of a processor. The above embodiments in which the training signal is generated and sent may be configured as a software module, stored in memory, and executed by a processor.
[0161] While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
[0162]
100241 Transmitting the plurality of training signals to the one or more destination stations may include mapping the plurality of training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix and performing IFFT on each of the plurality of training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and sending the training signals through the plurality of antennas.
[0025] The training signal generation sequence may be a predetermined value and selected according to a bandwidth of a channel used.
(00261 In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of transmitting a training signal in a WLAN system, including generating a first training signal for a first destination station by applying a first mapping matrix to a training signal generation sequence, generating a second training signal for a second destination station by applying a second mapping matrix to the training signal generation sequence, and sending or transmitting the first training signal and the second training signal to a plurality of destination stations, comprising the first destination station and the second destination station, by using Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) technology.
[0027] In another aspect, there is provided a radio apparatus, including a training signal transmission unit transmitting a training signal and a training signal generation unit generating the training signal. The training signal generation unit generates one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P toa training signal generation sequence. transmitting the first training signals and the second training signals to the first destination station and the second destination station is configured to map the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas based on an antenna mapping matrix and to perform 11-.F1 on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and tranmit the first training signals and the second training signals through the plurality of antennas.
[0028] The mapping matrix P may be determined by Equation below.
[0029]
[.1)4x4 P4x4 P =
1'4x4 ¨P4x4 [0030] where P4x4 is a 4x4 orthogonal matrix.
[0031] The P4x4 may be equal to Equation below.
1 ¨1 1 1 1 1 ¨1 1 P4x4 1 1 1 ¨1 ¨1 1 1 1 [0033] In some aspects, there is provided a mapping matrix which can be used in a method of generating and sending a training signal in a WLAN system. Accordingly, multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) using a plurality of spatial streams can be supported.
Brief Description of Drawings [0034] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a WLAN system to which an em-bodiment of the present invention can be applied;
[0035] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT
system;
[0036] FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of a process of generating an LTF;
[0037] FIG. 4 shows an example of an HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF
according to the number of spatial streams;
[0038] FIG. 5 shows an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a VHT
system supporting MU-MIMO transmission using 8 or more spatial streams;
[0039] FIG. 6 shows a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] FIG. 7 shows a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] FIG. 8 shows a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to yet another em-bodiment of the present invention;
[0042] FIG. 9 shows an 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and a method of using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0043] FIG. 10 shows an 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and a method of using the same according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] FIG. 11 shows an 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and a method of using the same according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; and [0045] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a radio apparatus in which embodiments of the present invention are implemented.
Description of Embodiments [0046] Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0047] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a WLAN system to which an em-bodiment of the present invention can be applied.
[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, the WLAN system includes one or more Basic Service Sets (hereinafter referred to as a `BSS'). The BSS is a set of stations (hereinafter referred to as a 'STA') which can communicate with each other through successful synchro-nization. The BSS is not a concept indicating a specific area. Furthermore, as in a WLAN system to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied, a BSS
supporting ultra-high data processing of 1 GHz or higher at the MAC Service Access Point (SAP) is referred to as a VHT BSS.
[0049] The VHT BSS can be classified into an infrastructure BSS and an Independent BSS
(hereinafter referred to as an `IBSS'). An infrastructure BSS is shown in FIG.
1. The infrastructure BSS BSS1 and BSS2 includes one or more Non-AP STAs STA 1, STA
3, and STA 4, Access Points AP 1 (STA 2) and AP 2 (STA 5) providing distribution service, and a Distribution System (hereinafter referred to as a 'DS') interconnecting the plurality of APs AP 1 and AP 2. In the infrastructure BSS, an AP STA
manages the Non-AP STAs of the BSS.
[0050] On the other hand, the IBSS (i.e., the independent BSS) is a BSS
operating in the ad-hoc mode. The IBSS does not include a centralized management entity, performing a management function at the center, because it does not include an AP VHT STA.
That is, in the IBSS, Non-AP STAs are managed in a distributed manner. Furthermore, in the IBSS, all STAs can be composed of mobile STAs, and they form a self-contained network because access to a DS is not permitted.
[0051] An STA is certain function media, including a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and a physical layer interface for a radio medium in accordance with the IEEE
802.11 standard, and it broadly includes both an AP and a Non-AP STA. Furthermore, an STA, supporting MU-MIMO transmission to be described later and ultra-high data processing of 1 GHz or higher, is referred to as a VHT STA. In a VHT WLAN
system to which the embodiment of the present invention can be applied, all STAs included in the BSS may be VHT STAs or may be VHT STAs and non-VHT STAs (e.g., STAs supporting the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n standards) which coexist.
[0052] An STA for wireless communication includes a processor and a transceiver and further includes a user interface, display means, etc. The processor is a function unit configured to generate a frame which will be transmitted over a wireless network or to process a frame received over the wireless network. The processor performs various functions for controlling the STA. Furthermore, the transceiver is functionally connected to the processor and configured to transmit and receive a frame over the wireless network for the STA.
[0053] Portable terminal used by users, from among STAs, correspond to Non-AP STAs (e.g., STA1, STA3, and STA4). An STA may be simply referred as a Non-AP STA.
The Non-AP STA may also be referred to as another terminology, such as a terminal, a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a mobile terminal, or a mobile subscriber unit. Furthermore, a Non-AP
STA, supporting ultra-high data processing on the basis of MU-MIMO technology to be described later, is referred to as a Non-AP VHT STA or simply a VHT STA.
[0054] Furthermore, the APs AP1 and AP2 are function entities providing access to the DS
via a radio medium for STAs (i.e., association STAs) associated therewith. In an in-frastructure BSS including an AP, communication between Non-AP STAs is performed via the AP in principle. In case where a direct link is set up, communication can be directly performed between Non-AP STAs. The AP may also be referred to as a concentrated controller, a Base Station (BS), a node-B, a Base Transceiver System (BTS), or a site controller. Furthermore, an AP, supporting ultra-high data processing on the basis of MU-MIMO technology to be described later, is referred to as a VHT
AP.
[0055] A plurality of infrastructure BSSs can be interconnected through a DS (Distribution System). The plurality of BSSs interconnected through the DS is called an Extended Service Set (ESS). STAs included in the ESS can communicate with each other.
Non-AP STAs can continue to communicate with each other within the same ESS and move from one BSS to another BSS.
[0056] A DS is a mechanism for enabling one AP to communicate with the other AP.
According to the mechanism, an AP may send a frame to STAs which are managed by the AP and connected to a BSS, transfer a frame to any one STA in case where the STA has moved to another BSS, or transfer a frame over an external network, such as a wired network. The DS needs not to be necessarily a network, and it may have any type as long as it can provide predetermined distribution service regulated in the IEEE
802.11 standard. For example, the DS may be a wireless network, such as a mesh network, or a physical structure for interconnecting APs.
[0057] In a VHT WLAN system, several STAs use the MU-MIMO technology in order to efficiently use a radio channel at the same time. In other words, several STAs are permitted to send and receive data to and from an AP at the same time. An AP
may send spatially multiplexed radio frames to several STAs at the same time. To this end, the AP may measure a channel condition, perform beamforming, and send and receive data using a plurality of spatial stream.
[0058] Hereinafter, to spatially multiplex data and send the spatially multiplexed data to a plurality of STAs is referred to as MU-MIMO transmission or SDMA transmission.
In MU-MIMO transmission, at least one spatial stream is assigned to each STA
which is a transmission target, and data can be sent to the STA using the assigned spatial stream.
[0059] Hereinafter, an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g standards is referred to as a legacy STA and an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11n standard is referred to as an HT
STA, in order to distinguish a VHT STA from the legacy STA and the HT STA.
Likewise, a WLAN system supporting the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g standard is referred to as a legacy system and a WLAN system supporting the IEEE 802.11n standard is referred to as an HT system, in order to distinguish a VHT system from the legacy system and the HT system. The functions of fields, assigned the same name in a PLCP frame format described herein, are the same in the entire range of this specification, unless otherwise described.
[0060] A PLCP frame is generated in the PLCP sublayer of an STA and transmitted to a des-tination STA via a PMD sublayer by using multiple antennas. Hereinafter, a PLCP
frame format and a method of sending fields constituting the PLCP frame format are only illustrative, and the sequence in which the fields are transmitted is not limited to that shown in the drawings. In the following description, the sequence in which the fields are transmitted may be changed, unless the sequence is specially described otherwise, and some of the fields may be omitted or additional fields may be added.
[0061] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT
system.
[0062] For detailed information about the HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT
system, reference may be made to Paragraph 20.3 of IEEE 802.11n/D11.0 "Part 11:
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications;
Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput" disclosed on June, 2009.
[0063] A PLCP frame is used to send a PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). The HT-mixed mode PLCP format of FIG. 2 is a PLCP format for guaranteeing the coexistence of an HT STA and a legacy STA in the HT system. To this end, the HT-mixed mode PLCP
format includes a series of fields (e.g., L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG) for a legacy STA
(so that the legacy STA can also recognize the fields).
[0064] Elements included in the HT-mixed mode PLCP frame are listed in Table 1 below.
[0065] [Table 11 [0066] Element Description L-STF Used for frame timing acquisition and Automatic Gain (Non-HT Short Training Field) Control (AGC) convergence L-LTF
Used for channel estimation (Non-HT Long Training Field) L-SIG Including information for demodulating and decoding data (Non-HT SIGNAL Field) for L-STA
HT-SIG Including information that an HT-STA
demodulates and (HT SIGNAL field) decodes data HT-STF
Used for frame timing acquisition and AGC convergence (HT Short Training Field) HT-GF-STF
. Used for frame timing acquisition and AGC
convergence (HT-Green Field Short Training (only an HT STA can read HT-GF-STF) Field) HT-LTF I
Used l'or. channel estimation (First HT Long Training Field) HT-LTF Including data HT-LTF, used for channel estimation for data demodulation for HT-STA, and extension HT-LTF
(HT Long Training Field) used for channel sounding Data Field Including PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) [0067] STFs (Short Training Fields), such as L-STF, HT-STF, and HT-GF-STF, are used for frame timing acquisition, Automatic Gain Control (AGC), and so on and thus also referred to as a sync signal or a sync channel. That is, the STF is used for synchro-nization between STAs or between an STA and an AP.
[0068] Long Training Fields (LTFs), such as L-LTF and HT-LTF, are used for channel es-timation for the demodulation of data or control information or both and thus also referred to as a reference signal, a training signal, or a pilot.
[0069] Fields, such as L-SIG and HT-SIG, are used to provide pieces of information necessary to decode data and thus also referred to as control information.
[0070] In the HT-mixed mode PLCP format of an HT system, a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), and a Legacy Signal (L-SIG) are first transmitted. Accordingly, a legacy STA can read the PLCP format. An HT STA can know that a corresponding PLCP format is for an HT STA by acquiring control in-formation from an HT-SIG field received after an L-SIG field.
[0071] In the HT system, Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) transmission is possible. An L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG, and an HT-SIG are transmitted omni-directionally according to a non-MIMO transmission scheme, and an HT-STF and data are transmitted according to a SU-MIMO transmission scheme.
[0072] An HT-SIG includes information for interpreting an HT packet format following the HT-SIG. The HT-SIG consists of a total of 24 bits and includes the following in-formation.
[0073] - Modulation and Coding Scheme: 7 bits [0074] - Channel bandwidth 20/40 MHz: 1 bit [0075] - HT length: 16 bits [0076] - Smoothing: 1 bit [0077] - Not sounding: 1 bit [0078] - Reserved: 1 bit [0079] - Aggregation: 1 bit [0080] - STBC: 2 bits [0081] - FEC coding: 1 bit [0082] - Short GI: 1 bit [0083] - Number of Extension Spatial Streams: 2 bits [0084] - CRC: 8 bits [0085] - Tail bits: 6 bits [0086] As can be seen from Number of Extension Spatial Streams which is one of the fields constituting the HT-SIG, an HT STA supports SU-MIMO using a maximum of four spatial streams. Accordingly, there is a need for a new LTF for the channel estimation of multi spatial streams because channel estimation for each stream cannot be performed using a legacy LTF.
[0087] An HT system defines an HT-LTF for MIMO channel estimation. An HT-LTF
is used for channel estimation like an LTF described above, but differs from an L-LTF in that the HT-LTF is designed to estimate an MIMO channel.
[0088] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a process of generating an LTF. In FIG. 3, the process of generating an HT-LTF is described as an example.
However, the above process may be applied to the generation of a VHT-LTF of the present invention.
[0089] An HTLTF sequence (HTLTFk) is multiplied by an HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF.
The HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF is an orthogonal mapping matrix multiplied to the HTLTF sequence such that an HT-LTF can use it to estimate a channel for an MIMO
channel. The HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF may be defined by Equation 1 below.
[0090] [Equation 11 [0091] 1 ¨1 1 1 -1 1 ¨1 1 "HTLTF ¨
1 1 1 ¨1 _-1 1 1 1_ [0092] Next, a Cyclic Shift Delay (CSD) process for preventing unwanted beamforming is performed, and the HTLTF sequence is mapped to a Transmit (Tx) antenna by means of an antenna map matrix Qk for a k subcarrier. The antenna map matrix Qk functions to map a space time stream and a transmit chain. The HTLTF sequence mapped to the transmit chain is subjected to Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and then transmitted through the Tx antenna.
[0093] The HTLTF sequence may be an example of a training signal generation sequence according to the present invention. The training signal generation sequence according to the present invention may be referred to as a VHTLTF sequence, but an arbitrary name. A different training signal generation sequence may be used according to a channel bandwidth used by a VHT WLAN system. In other words, a different training signal generation sequence may be used according to a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. The training signal generation sequence is already known to an STA, transmitting a training signal, and an STA receiving the training signal. The receiving STA can estimate a channel and demodulate data using a training signal with reference to a training signal generation sequence which is used according to a bandwidth of the channel.
[0094] FIG. 4 shows an example of an HT-LTF mapping matrix PHTLTF according to the number of spatial streams.
[0095] As can be seen from the example of FIG. 4, a training symbol is defined per spatial stream and transmitted in order to estimate the channel of each spatial stream. When the number of spatial streams is 1, 2, or 4, 1, 2, or 4 HT-LTFs are transmitted.
However, when the number of spatial streams is 3, one extra long training symbol is added, and four HT-LTFs are used.
[0096] In order to describe a method of estimating the channel of an HT-STA
by using an orthogonal mapping matrix, it is assumed that in an HT system, a transmitting STA
sends a training symbol to a receiving STA through 2 layers. Here, the training symbol received by the receiving STA may be represented by Equation 2 below.
[0097] [Equation 21 [0098] ( P1(4)=HTLTF
[11(01 h12 1(t)1+Ii(t)1 P1(t2)= ¨HTLTF
Lr2 (t) 721 h22 j _P2 (t) n2 (t) P2 (4 ) = HTLTF
P2 (t2 ) = HTLTF
[0099] where him, indicates a channel between the nth antenna of a sender and the mth antenna of a receiver, 13,1(t) indicates a training symbol transmitted through the nth antenna of the sender, and nm(t) indicates Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) experienced by the mth antenna of the receiver. Equation 2 may be represented into Equation 3 below by substituting a training symbol into Equation 2.
[0100] [Equation 31 [0101] -71(0- - hip< HTLTF + hilx HTLTF + ni(ti) -r2(t1) h21x HTLTF + h22x HTLTF +
n2(t2) r1(t2) HTLTF + HTLTF + ni(t2) r2(t2) _ LI x HTLTF + h22 x Han,' + n-2(1-2) _ _ _ [0102] If the channel h is found for all n and m in Equation 3, it results in Equation 4 below.
[0103] [Equation 41 [0104]k (ti ) ¨ (t2 ) 2 x HTLTF
hu = 71(0+71(72) 2 x HTLTF
_r2(ti)¨ r2(t2) "21 ¨
2 x HTL TF
r2(t1) + r2(t2) h22 2 x HTLTF
[0105] When the number of layers is 3 or 4, the channel hi,m can be found through the process of Equation 2 to Equation 4.
[0106] Hereinafter, assuming that four Tx antennas and one Rx antenna exist, a channel in-formation Signal power-to-Noise power Ratio (SNR) when a channel is estimated is found.
[0107] Here, a signal received by the Rx antenna may be represented by Equation 5.
[0108] [Equation 51 [0109]
r(to) = +hoP + hiP + h2P ¨ h3P + n(to) r(ti) = ¨hoP + hiP + h2P + h3P + n(ti) r(t2)= +hoP ¨ hiP + h2P + h3P + n(t2) r(t3)= +hoP + hiP ¨ h2P +173P + n(t3) [0110] A result of the channel estimation obtained by Equation 5 may be represented by Equation 6 below.
[0111] [Equation 61 [0112]h = r(to)¨ r(ti) + r(t2)+ r(t3) o ' 4 x P
= h + n(to) ¨ n(4) + n(t2)+ n(t3) o 4 x P
[0113] In Equation 6, the second term on the right side indicates noise included in the received signal. From Equation 6, the SNR of a signal received by a receiving terminal can be found as in Equation 7 below.
[0114] [Equation 71 [0115] s 14121 E[n(to) ¨ n(ti)+ n(t2)+ n(t3) 2 4 x P
1h012 1 xE[In(to)¨n(ti)+ n(t2)+ n(t3 )12]
EV12 ____________________________________ 16 x E[1P12]x lho n(I1)+ n(12) n(13)121 16x ETIP12 x lho 4 x o-2 = 4 x 114 o-2 [0116] In Equation 7, cY2 is a noise power spectrum density. As can be seen from the expansion of the equation, a channel estimation gain of about 6 dB can be obtained from four times of LTF transmission.
[0117] A VHT WLAN system supports MU-MIMO in addition to SU-MIMO. It is expected that a VHT system will support MIMO transmission of a minimum of 8 spatial streams. An example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a VHT system supporting MU-MIMO transmission using 8 or more spatial streams is shown in FIG.
5.
[0118] In FIG. 5, a VHT-Green Field Format is an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a system consisting of only VHT STAs. A VHT-Mixed Format is an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a system in which a legacy STA, an HT STA, and a VHT STA coexist. A VHT-Mixed Green Field Format is an example of a PLCP frame format which may be used in a system consisting of only an HT STA and a VHT STA. The names of fields constituting the PLCP frame format and the PLCP frame format shown in FIG. 5, the sequence in which the fields are transmitted, and a method of sending the fields are arbitrary. Hereinafter, the sequence and the method, unless specially described otherwise, are not limited to that shown in FIG. 5.
[0119] The VHT-Mixed Format is different from the VHT-Green Field Format in that it further includes fields (e.g., an L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG field, and an HT-SIG field) for a legacy STA and an HT STA existing in a system. Here, the fields (e.g., an L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG field, and an HT-SIG field) for a legacy STA and an HT STA
are transmitted without beamforming. Fields from a VHT-STF may be precoded, subjected to beamforming, and then transmitted.
[0120] The VHT-Mixed Green Field Format may include an HT-GF-STF, an HT-LTF1, and an HT-SIG field for an HT STA.
[0121] In the PLCP frame format of FIG. 5,the VHT-STF and the VHT-LTF for a VHT
STA may be precoded, subjected to beamforming, and then transmitted. A PLCP
frame format which is used in a VHT system supporting MU-MIMO using 8 or more spatial streams requires more transmission of a VHT-LTF and an extension VHT-LTF, as compared with an HT system. The VHT-LTF is used to estimate a channel and de-modulate data. The extension VHT-LTF is used to sound the extra spatial dimensions of an MIMO channel.
[0122] The present invention proposes a method of generating VHT-LTFs for transmitting 5 or more layers which may be used in a VHT system, an orthogonal mapping matrix used to generate the VHT-LTF, and a method of using the orthogonal mapping matrix.
[0123] FIG. 6 shows the method of generating VHT-LTFs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0124] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the orthogonal mapping matrix applied to the VHT-LTF may be used on an STA basis. In FIG. 6, it is assumed that in a VHT system, a VHT-STAO is sought to perform MU-MIMO transmission to a VHT-STA1 and a VHT-STA2. It is also assumed that the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-STA2 (i.e., destination STAs for MU-MIMO transmission) can perform reception through 4 layers and 2 layers, respectively.
[0125] The number of LTFs that should be received by the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-may be signaled to the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-STA2 through a VHT-SIG field transmitted prior to sending VHT-LTFs. When the transmitting STA VHT-STAO
sends a PLCP frame, the transmitting STA VHT-STAO sends a total of 6 VHT-LTFs. The first 4 VHT-LTFs of the 6 VHT-LTFs may be received by the VHT-STA1 in order to estimate a channel. The remaining 2 VHT-LTFs of the 6 VHT-LTFs may be received by the VHT-STA2 in order to estimate a channel. An orthogonal mapping matrix used to generate the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA1 and an orthogonal mapping matrix 620 used to generate the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA2 may be individually used.
[0126] For example, the HTLTF mapping matrix of an HT system in Equation 1 may be used as the orthogonal mapping matrix.
[0127] FIG. 6 shows an example in which a 4x4 HT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is used for the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA1 and a 2x2 HT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is used for the VHT-LTFs for the VHT-STA2.
[0128] FIG. 7 shows an example of a method of generating VHT-LTFs according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0129] In accordance with the method of generating VHT-LTFs according to the em-bodiment of the present invention, VHT-LTFs may be generated and transmitted using one VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix irrespective of the number of destination STAs. In other words, the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix may be configured and used according to the number of a total of layers (i.e., a required number of VHT-LTFs).
[0130] In FIG. 7, it is assumed that a source STA VHT-STAO sends data to each of a des-tination STA VHT-STA1 and a destination VHT-STA2 through 3 layers. Here, the number of VHT-LTFs that should be sent to each of the VHT-STA1 and the VHT-STA2 is 4, and a total of eight times of VHT-LTF transmission is required. The method of FIG. 6 in which the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is applied to each of destination STAs also requires eight times of VHT-LTF transmission.
[0131] The VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix used to generate the eight VHT-LTFs may be configured as in the matrix 710 of FIG. 7.
[0132] A 3x4 matrix 710-1 used to generate four VHT-LTFs sent to the VHT-STA1 and a 3x4 matrix 710-2 used to generate four VHT-LTFs sent to the VHT-STA2 can be obtained by using a 3x4 HT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix. The remaining elements of the matrix 710 other than the 3x4 matrix 710-1 and the 3x4 matrix 710-2 consist of O.
[0133] The above method of sending the eight VHT-LTFs in a condition that the eight VHT-LTFs are sent to the destination STAs through a total of 6 layers may cause throughput loss.
[0134] In order to solve the above problem, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix may be used according to the number of a total of layers. That is, the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix may be used for one layer, two layers, or four layers.
[0135] This method can be used to prevent a reduction of transmission efficiency by reducing an unnecessary number of VHT-LTF transmissions.
[0136] FIG. 8 shows a method of generating and sending VHT-LTFs according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
[0137] In case where data is sought to be sent to each of a VHT-STA1 and a through 3 layers, a total of 6 VHT-LTFs have to be generated. Here, a VHT-LTF
or-thogonal mapping matrix may be configured according to one layer, two layers, or 4 layers without distinguishing destination STAs to which data will be sent through the total of 6 layers.
[0138] A VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix 810 of FIG. 8 may have a 6x6 square matrix, including a 4x4 partial matrix 810-1 and a 2x2 partial matrix 810-2.
The remaining elements of the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix 810 other than the 4x4 partial matrix 810-1 and the 2x2 partial matrix 810-2 consist of 0. Here, an HTLTF mapping matrix may be used as the 4x4 partial matrix 810-1, and a 2x2 HTLTF mapping matrix may be used as the 2x2 partial matrix 810-2.
[0139] The 8 VHT-LTFs are used to send data through the total of 6 layers in the method of FIG. 7. However, if the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix of FIG. 8 is used, 6 VHT-LTFs can be used to send data through the total of 6 layers. Accordingly, a reduction of system efficiency can be prevented because two VHT-LTFs for data transmission can be reduced.
[0140] Meanwhile, a conventional HT system is problematic in that it cannot be applied to a VHT system for supporting data transmission through at least 8 layers because it supports data transmission through a maximum of 4 layers. In other words, an 8x8 or-thogonal mapping matrix that can be used in a VHT system for supporting data transmission through 5 or more layers must be taken into consideration.
[0141] The present invention proposes an 8x8 orthogonal mapping matrix P
- VHT-LTF(8Tx) for a VHT system.
[0142] An example of the 8x8 orthogonal mapping matrix P
- VHT-LTF(8Tx) for a VHT system, proposed by the present invention, can be obtained by using Equation 8 below.
[0143] [Equation 81 [0144] H2 k _1 H2k -1 H2 k =
ff2 k -1 - H2 k-1 _ _ (where =[11) [0145] The 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix obtained according to Equation 8 and a method of using the same are shown in FIG. 9.
[0146] The 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention may be obtained and applied to transmission through 5, 6, 7, or 8 layers, as shown in FIG. 9. In the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix of FIG.
9, codes between the layers always maintain orthogonality. Accordingly, an STA
receiving VHT-LTFs can easily obtain information about a channel to be estimated through calculation using + and - in the same manner as Equation 4. In the VHT-LTF
orthogonal mapping matrix of FIG. 9, the sequence of column vectors may be randomly changed.
[0147] Another example of the 8x8 orthogonal mapping matrix P
- VHT-LTF(8Tx) for a VHT
system, proposed by the present invention, can be obtained by using Equation 9 below.
[0148] [Equation 91 [0149] H2 k -1 H2k-1 II2k =
_ff2 k -1 - [12 k-1 _ [0150] The matrix generation method according to Equation 9 is basically the same as that of Equation 8. Here, ff2k -1 of Equation 9 may become the LTF mapping matrix of an HT system. In other words, an 8x8 matrix, obtained by extending the HT LTF mapping matrix of Equation 1 according to Equation 9, can be used as the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix of the method of generating and sending VHT-LTFs, proposed by the present invention.
[0151] As described above, the 8x8 or 16x16 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix is obtained by using an HT system. The conventional transmission limit using a maximum of 4 layers can be overcome, and the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix that can be applied to a VHT system supporting 8 layers or more can be obtained. Fur-thermore, there is an advantage in terms of backward compatibility.
[0152] FIG. 10 shows the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix described in connection with Equation 9 and a method of using the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix for transmission through 5 to 8 layers according to another em-bodiment of the present invention.
[0153] For example, in case where transmission is performed through 5 layers, a partial matrix obtained by first to fifth row vectors may be used. In case where transmission is performed through 7 layers, a partial matrix obtained by first to seventh row vectors may be used. Here, the sequence of column vectors may be randomly changed.
[0154] FIG. 11 shows the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix described in connection with Equation 9 and a method of using the 8x8 VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix for transmission through 5 to 8 layers according to yet another em-bodiment of the present invention.
[01551 If the method of generating and sending a training signal using the matrix of FIG. 11 is used, 1 to 4 layers may be used according to the existing HT system method, a 5x6 or 6x6 matrix set may be used in 5 or 6 layers, and a 7x8 or 8x8 matrix set may be used in 7 or 8 layers.
[0156] In the above method of generating and sending VHT-LTFs, in case where VHT-LTFs are sought to be transmitted through 5 or 6 layers, only 6 VHT-LTFs can be transmitted. Accordingly, there is an advantage in terms of transmission efficiency.
[0157] In the partial matrices used according to the number of layers in FIG. 11, the sequence of column vectors may be randomly changed.
[0158] FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a radio apparatus in which the embodiments of the present invention are implemented. The radio apparatus 1200 may be part of the non-AP STA or the AP of a WLAN system.
[0159] The radio apparatus 1200 includes an LTF generation unit 1210 and an LTF
transmission unit 1220. The LTF generation unit 1210 generates a training signal by using the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix according to the above-described em-bodiments. The LTF transmission unit 1220 sends the generated training signal to one or more radio apparatuses. The generation and transmission of the training signal may be performed through multiple antennas by multiplying the training signal sequence VHTLTFk by the VHT-LTF orthogonal mapping matrix and then performing processes, such as Cyclic Shift Delay (CSD) for preventing unwanted beamforming, mapping between a space time stream and a transmit chain, and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). To this end, the LTF transmission unit 1220 may include multiple antennas. The LTF transmission unit 1220 may send part of or the entire training signal, generated by the LTF generation unit 1210, through a beamforming process through precoding and beamforming. Here, the beamforming process through precoding may be performed by the LTF generation unit 1210.
[0160] The LTF generation unit 1210 and the LTF transmission unit 1220 may be im-plemented in a single chip in the form of a processor. The above embodiments in which the training signal is generated and sent may be configured as a software module, stored in memory, and executed by a processor.
[0161] While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
[0162]
Claims (3)
1. A method of transmitting a training signal in a wireless local area network, the method comprising:
generating, by a transmitter, eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the eight VHT-LTF symbols to a receiver, wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, where P4x4 is a defined as below
generating, by a transmitter, eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the eight VHT-LTF symbols to a receiver, wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, where P4x4 is a defined as below
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the eight VHT-LTF symbols are used for the receiver to estimate a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel.
3. A radio apparatus, comprising:
a training signal generation unit configured to generate eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven;
and a training signal transmission unit operatively connected to the training signal generation unit and configured to transmit the eight VHT-LTF symbols to a receiver;
wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, where P4x4 is a defined as below
a training signal generation unit configured to generate eight Very High Throughput-Long Training Field (VHT-LTF) symbols by applying a mapping matrix P to a VHT-LTF sequence when a number of spatial streams to be transmitted is seven;
and a training signal transmission unit operatively connected to the training signal generation unit and configured to transmit the eight VHT-LTF symbols to a receiver;
wherein the mapping matrix P is defined as below, where P4x4 is a defined as below
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| PCT/KR2010/008718 WO2011071300A2 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2010-12-07 | Method and apparatus of transmitting training signal in wireless local area network system |
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