CN109562520B - 具有可变负载重量响应的负载侧移的液压夹紧系统 - Google Patents

具有可变负载重量响应的负载侧移的液压夹紧系统 Download PDF

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CN109562520B
CN109562520B CN201680088077.6A CN201680088077A CN109562520B CN 109562520 B CN109562520 B CN 109562520B CN 201680088077 A CN201680088077 A CN 201680088077A CN 109562520 B CN109562520 B CN 109562520B
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D·W·彼得罗内克
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
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    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40523—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with flow dividers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/67—Methods for controlling pilot pressure
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于液压驱动的负载处理夹具的不同示例性控制系统，其为通常可安装在工业叉车或自动引导车辆上的类型。所公开的系统自动地取决于被移动的负载的重量可变地限制液压力，其中通过该液压力负载夹紧臂基本上横向地移动负载，从而避免施加到易碎负载的过大横向力。

Description

具有可变负载重量响应的负载侧移的液压夹紧系统
相关申请的交叉引用
不适用。
发明背景
通常可安装在叉车和其它工业车辆上用于操纵和运输负载的类型的液压负载处理夹具组件常常具有一对可横向打开和关闭的夹紧臂，该夹紧臂由一个或多个线性或旋转液压致动器提供动力，用于选择性地夹持和释放负载。这种液压夹具组件通常还具有可选择的液压侧移能力，该能力可以在夹紧负载的同时在两个相反方向中的任一方向上一致地横向移动夹紧臂。在一些这样的夹具组件中，执行负载夹紧功能的相同液压致动器也选择性地执行侧移功能，从而有利地使组件的尺寸和重量最小化。这种系统在本文中称为“整体”负载夹紧和侧移单元。相反，在“非整体”系统中，夹具组件的负载夹紧液压致动器可移动地由单独的侧移组件承载，该侧移组件具有其自己的单独的侧移液压致动器。
对于前述的整体和非整体单元类型均存在长期存在的问题，因为上述负载夹紧功能需要由两个夹紧臂在对应的相反方向上对负载施加的负载夹紧力，而同时侧移功能需要两个夹紧臂在相同方向上施加的侧移力。结果是，双向夹紧力被同时存在的单向侧移力自动减小，由此，如果侧移力相对于夹紧力过大，则会在侧移期间使被夹紧的负载从夹具滑脱和落下。这种类型的最有问题的情况发生在已经施加有限的液压夹紧力以夹持易碎负载从而避免对负载的过度夹紧损坏时，同时由于夹具操作者希望快速侧移，而导致液压侧移力没有受到充分限制。
通过结合附图考虑本发明的以下详细描述，将更容易理解前述概要描述。
附图说明
图1是举例说明与夹具侧移组件整体结合的负载处理夹具组件的液压回路图，并且还示出了负载提升回路，所有这些都可根据本发明操作。
图2是举例说明非整体侧移组件代替图1的整体侧移组件的液压回路图，为了清楚起见省略了负载处理夹具组件，并且其也可根据本发明操作。
图3是类似于图2的液压回路图，不同之处在于其示例性非整体侧移组件利用双向旋转液压马达来执行侧移功能。
图4是类似于图2的液压回路图，不同之处在于其示例性非整体侧移组件利用往复式旋转液压马达来执行侧移功能。
优选实施例的详细描述
整体实施例
图1中所示的液压装置举例说明了典型的用于控制一对夹紧臂10、12的整体负载夹紧回路9，每个夹紧臂10、12可选择性地朝向或远离彼此横向移动，以选择性地夹紧或松开它们之间的负载(未示出)。通过从手动或电动控制夹紧阀20经过管路14、16和18引入加压液压流体，夹紧臂可朝向彼此横向关闭以夹紧负载，该夹紧阀20在图1中向右移动时通过夹紧管路14、16和18从泵22引入压力下的液压流体，以使活塞26和28朝向彼此移动从而夹紧负载。在活塞26和28的上述夹紧移动期间，液压流体从活塞26和28的相对侧分别通过管路36和38分别通过先导式止回阀37和39、并通过传统的流量分配器/组合器阀34排出到管路32，该流体从管路32通过夹紧阀20的阀通道25和排出管路27排出到液压流体贮存器29。
相反，当阀20在图1中向左移动时，加压液压流体从泵22通过阀通道30和管路32、流体分配器/组合器阀34以及管路36和38引入，以彼此远离地移动活塞26和28以及它们相应的夹紧臂10和12，从而打开夹紧臂10和12。在夹紧打开过程中，液压流体从活塞26和28通过管路16和18、通过由管路32中的压力打开的先导式止回阀40以及通过管路14和阀通道42排出到排出管路27和液压贮存器29。
还如在图1的整体装置中所举例说明的那样，在负载夹紧阀20关闭时，夹紧臂10、12可选择性地在图1中向左或向右一致地横向双向移动，从而在夹紧负载或在没有任何负载的情况下执行侧移功能。在图1所示的示例性液压回路中，在侧移控制阀44向右移动时，压力下的液压流体从泵22和管路27通过侧移阀通道46、侧移管路48并因此被引入到管路36，从而在活塞26上施加向左的压力。无论夹紧臂10、12当前是否夹紧负载，活塞26上的向左的压力导致管路16中的夹紧流体被传送到另一个夹紧缸的管路18，由此也在活塞28上产生相应的向左的压力，并导致流体从管路38通过管路50和阀通道52排出到液压贮存器29，以使得活塞26和28一致地向左侧移。在上述左侧移过程期间，由于先导式止回阀40保持夹紧压力，因此不允许通过夹紧管路14泄漏流体。
相反，在图中向左致动阀44时，加压液压流体类似地从泵22和管路27通过阀44的阀通道54、右侧移动管路50和管路38引入，由此在活塞28上施加向右的压力。无论夹紧臂10、12当前是否夹紧负载，活塞28上的向右的压力仍然可以使管路18中的夹紧流体传送到另一个夹紧缸的相应的相对管路16，由此在活塞26上产生相应的向右的压力，并导致流体从管路36通过管路48和阀通道55排出到液压贮存器29，以使得活塞26和28一致地向右侧移。在右侧移期间，由于先导式止回阀40保持如上提到的夹紧压力，因此不允许通过夹紧管路14泄漏流体。
在图1中，负载提升阀56如果向左移动，则选择性地将来自管路27的液压负载提升加压流体通过阀通道58和管路59传导到诸如60、62的提升负载夹具10、12的一个或多个负载提升液压缸。阀56向右的移动将流体从管路59通过阀通道64排出到液压贮存器29，由此降低夹具10、12。负载提升缸可以具有任何合适的配置，包括具有用于顺序延伸的不同活塞直径的“自由升降”缸配置。
在前述发明背景中提及的长期存在的问题在本文中通过负载-重量响应侧移系统解决，该系统由在各个图1-4中示出的侧移力控制回路68举例说明。负载的可变重量可以优选地但不是必需地通过侧移力控制回路68的感测回路66从提升管路59中的可变液压压力感测。逐渐减小的负载重量(如通过管路66和72感测到的那样)自动地从如图1中所示的通常倾向于保持压力溢流阀70关闭的较高设定逐渐降低由阀弹簧74控制的阀70的侧移压力溢流设定。响应于溢流阀70的侧移溢流压力设定的这种降低，阀70打开并且由此释放管路71中的侧移压力，该管路71中的侧移压力表示在止回阀49和51之间通过管路76感测到的管路48或50中的最高压力，并且任何止回阀78或80以及管路48或50没有暴露于来自阀44的侧移压力，因此能够将流体通过阀44排出到贮存器29。
因此，在较低重量负载的情况下(其中夹紧压力同样可以安全地降低)，管路48或50中的任一个中的侧移压力可变地受到如通过管路66和72感测到的响应于负载的可变重量的阀70的自动可变溢流设定的限制。这解决了先前在发明背景中描述的问题，其中，当需要降低的液压夹紧压力以用于更轻或更易碎的负载、但是液压侧移压力不会自动地受到诸如68的侧移压力溢流回路的限制时，由此产生的高侧移压力可能通过与夹紧力相反而有害地导致夹紧力的减小，从而可能导致升高的夹紧负载在侧移期间滑脱或从夹具上落下。
应该认识到，前述解决方案仅旨在干预夹具的侧移回路的意料之外的后果，并且有意地防止干预由夹紧阀20控制的负载夹紧回路的夹紧功能。这种功能的分离是通过负载夹紧回路中的先导式止回阀40实现的，该止回阀将夹紧活塞26和28与夹紧压力的任何减小隔离，而不是由负载夹紧阀20指示的那样，以通过由管路32施加压力而使止回阀40离开阀座。
非整体实施例
图2示出了具有可逆侧移线性致动器100的示例性备选侧移回路，其不需要与示例性夹紧回路9(未示出)成整体。相反，如果需要，该侧移回路可以是叉车或其他负载承载车辆的单独附件的一部分，可与侧移单元一起使用，或作为侧移单元的部分、可能与诸如捆包夹具、叉形夹具、纸卷夹具等利用侧移的其他附件一起使用。
图3示出了能够执行侧移功能的另一示例性备选侧移回路，其具有可反向旋转的液压马达102，并且其不需要与夹紧回路9成整体。
图4示出了又一示例性备选侧移回路，其具有旋转往复式液压马达104，所述旋转往复式液压马达104能够执行用于分层拣选负载夹具的曲线侧向摇摆运动，并且其不需要与夹紧回路9成整体。这种分层拣选应用的另一个示例可以是伸缩臂夹紧力控制。
在前面的说明书中使用的术语和表达在其中用作描述而不用于限制目的，并且无意使用这些术语和表达来排除所示和所描述的特征的等同物或其部分，应认识到本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求限定和限制。特别地，由于在负载处理应用中主要使用液压致动器，因此所有前述实施例都显示为本质上是液压的。然而，如本领域技术人员认识到的，等效的电致动器和/或电控制系统可替代地用于这种负载处理应用中以执行与本文描述的那些类似的功能。因此，这些等效的电致动器和控制系统预定由所附权利要求覆盖。

Claims (8)

1.一种包括负载处理夹具组件的控制系统，所述负载处理夹具组件具有可选择性地朝向或远离彼此或者沿共同的横向方向彼此一致地横向移动的相对的负载夹紧臂，所述控制系统包括侧移力控制回路和传感器组件，所述侧移力控制回路被配置成响应于减小的负载重量逐渐降低侧移压力，所述侧移力控制回路包含压力溢流阀，所述压力溢流阀打开，以释放侧移压力，所述传感器组件能够感测被支撑在所述负载夹紧臂之间的负载的重量，并且所述控制系统自动地响应于所述重量可变地限制力，其中通过所述力，所述负载夹紧臂可选择性地朝向或远离彼此或者替代地沿所述共同的横向方向彼此一致地横向移动。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够液压地可变地限制所述力。
3.如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够通过限制由多个致动器施加以使所述负载夹紧臂沿所述共同的方向彼此一致地移动的力来可变地限制所述力。
4.如权利要求3所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够液压地可变地限制所述力。
5.如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够通过限制由单个致动器施加以使所述负载夹紧臂沿所述共同的方向彼此一致地移动的力来可变地限制所述力。
6.如权利要求5所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够液压地可变地限制所述力。
7.如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够通过限制由致动器施加以使所述负载夹紧臂沿曲线方向彼此一致地移动的力来可变地限制所述力。
8.如权利要求7所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制系统能够液压地可变地限制所述力。
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