CN109558690B - Centroid driving machine tool design method based on complete machine digital model - Google Patents
Centroid driving machine tool design method based on complete machine digital model Download PDFInfo
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- CN109558690B CN109558690B CN201811518177.5A CN201811518177A CN109558690B CN 109558690 B CN109558690 B CN 109558690B CN 201811518177 A CN201811518177 A CN 201811518177A CN 109558690 B CN109558690 B CN 109558690B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing a centroid driving machine tool based on a complete machine digital model, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: establishing a criterion of machine tool design, namely the center of mass of the upper structure of the machine tool body is superposed with the center of mass of the machine tool body; step two: on the basis of completing the optimization design of the structures such as the main spindle box, the upright post, the lathe bed and the like, the mass center positions of all parts are respectively calculated, a symmetrical structure is adopted, the mass center moves forwards, and the mass distribution measures are changed, so that the mass centers of the lathe bed and the upper structure of the lathe bed are coincided. The invention establishes the criterion of machine tool design, namely the mass center of the upper structure of the machine tool body coincides with the mass of the machine tool body, respectively calculates the mass center position of each part on the basis of finishing the structure optimization design of a main spindle box, a stand column, the machine tool body and the like, and adopts the measures of symmetrical structure, mass center forward movement, mass distribution change and the like to enable the mass centers of the machine tool body and the upper structure of the machine tool body to coincide, thereby reducing the vibration of the machine tool and improving the surface processing quality of workpieces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine tool design method based on a complete machine digital model, in particular to a centroid driving machine tool design method based on the complete machine digital model.
Background
The design of the machine tool is to consider the structure optimization design of each key functional component such as a main spindle box, a stand column, a machine body and the like, and more importantly, the whole machine quality of the machine tool needs to be reasonably distributed. The overall layout of the machine tool structure determines the machining characteristics of the machine tool, and particularly the mass distribution of the machine tool body and the upper structure of the machine tool body has important influence on the dynamic characteristics and the machining characteristics of the machine tool.
In the prior design, the overall structure layout of the machine tool is usually designed by experience, and in the process of developing and developing the machine tool based on experience, the experience is usually a double-edged sword, so that on one hand, the solution of innovation problems can be quickly found by depending on experience and analogy, and the design efficiency is improved. But at the same time it is possible to miss solutions that implement greater innovation, thereby converting empirical design to stochastic design. The quality of the product innovation design is reduced. Although there is some understanding of the impact of mass distribution on the machining performance of machine tools, design criteria are lacking. There are few considerations for the quality allocation of each critical functional component. The improvement scheme of mass distribution needs to be provided after experimental research is carried out on a test prototype through a large number of experiments. And after the design process is repeated for many times, the final shaping is carried out. Although the mass distribution has been known at design time to have an important impact on the dynamic design of the machine tool, there is a lack of reasonable design criteria and design methods.
Theoretically, when the action position of the driving force is not at the centroid position of the object, a torsional moment can occur, so that the object is unstable in rotation or vibration, and the like; when the force action position is just at the mass center position, no torsion moment can occur, and at the moment, the object can only stably do linear motion along the guide rail.
Therefore, it can be seen that, at the beginning of machine tool design, if design criteria and design methods can be given to the overall layout scheme of the machine tool, changing empirical design into ordered design will greatly reduce the design cost of the machine tool and improve the quality and the processing performance of the machine tool. The method has very important practical significance in the field of design and development of machine tools.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis of statistics of the existing mass production machine tool, the invention provides a method for designing a centroid driving machine tool based on a complete machine digital model, and the method establishes the criterion of the layout design of the machine tool, namely that the centroid of the upper structure of the machine tool body is coincident with the centroid of the machine tool body.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a design method of a centroid driving machine tool based on a complete machine digital model comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, performing dynamic optimization primary design on main functional components of the machine tool, including a lathe bed, a workbench, a stand column and a spindle box;
step two: on the basis of completing the structure optimization design of the main spindle box, the upright post and the lathe bed, calculating each functional part respectivelyThe mass and the mass center position of the workpiece are distributed, and the mass of the lathe bed is M 1 The mass of the column is M 2 The main spindle box and the main spindle have the mass M 3 Mass of the table being M 4 ；d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 And d 4 The distances from the mass center of the lathe bed, the upright post, the spindle box, the spindle and the workbench to the integral mass center of the lathe structure are respectively;
step three: respectively calculating the moment M generated by each functional component to the integral mass center of the machine tool structure 1 ×d 1 ,M 2 ×d 2 ,M 3 ×d 3 ,M 4 ×d 4 A value of (d);
step four: according to the criterion of layout design, namely the mass center of the upper structure of the machine bed is coincident with the mass center of the machine bed, the overall layout of the machine tool can meet the following requirements: m 1 ×d 1 ＝M 2 ×d 2 +M 3 ×d 3 +M 4 ×d 4 And calculating mass distribution ratio coefficient of the existing preliminary design:
η＝[M 1 ×d 1 -(M 2 ×d 2 +M 3 ×d 3 +M 4 ×d 4 )]/(M 1 +M 2 +M 3 +M 4 )；
step five: when the mass distribution ratio coefficient is less than 0.5%, the design requirement is met; otherwise, a symmetrical structure is adopted, the mass center moves forwards, and the mass distribution measure is changed, so that the mass centers of the lathe bed and the upper structure of the lathe bed are superposed, the vibration of the lathe bed is reduced, and the surface processing quality of the workpiece is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and outstanding beneficial effects:
the invention establishes the criterion of machine tool design, namely that the mass center of the upper structure of the machine tool body is coincided with the mass of the machine tool body. On the basis of completing the optimized design of the structures of a main spindle box, a stand column, a lathe bed and the like, the mass center positions of all parts are respectively calculated, measures such as symmetrical structures, mass center forward movement, mass distribution change and the like are adopted, and the vibration of the lathe bed is reduced and the surface processing quality of workpieces is improved by enabling the mass centers of the upper structures of the lathe bed and the lathe bed to coincide. The technology is also a key technology for realizing three-point support of the machine tool.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distance from the center of mass of the machine body, the column, the headstock, the spindle and the worktable to the overall center of mass of the machine tool structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention relates to a method for designing a centroid driving machine tool based on a complete machine digital model, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the dynamics characteristics of the machine tool, performing dynamics optimization primary design on main functional components of the machine tool, including a lathe bed, a workbench, a stand column and a spindle box;
step two: on the basis of completing the structure optimization design of a main shaft box, a stand column, a lathe bed and the like, respectively calculating the mass and the mass center position distribution of each functional part, and enabling the mass of the lathe bed to be M 1 The mass of the column is M 2 The main spindle box and the main spindle have the mass M 3 The mass of the working table is M 4 ；d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 And d 4 The distances from the mass center of the lathe bed, the upright post, the main shaft box, the main shaft and the worktable to the integral mass center of the lathe structure are respectively shown in figure 1;
step three: respectively calculating the moment M generated by each functional component to the integral mass center of the machine tool structure 1 ×d 1 ,M 2 ×d 2 ,M 3 ×d 3 ,M 4 ×d 4 A value of (d);
step four: according to the criterion of layout design, namely the mass center of the upper structure of the machine body is coincident with the mass center of the machine body, the overall layout of the machine tool can meet the following requirements: m 1 ×d 1 ＝M 2 ×d 2 +M 3 ×d 3 +M 4 ×d 4 And calculating mass distribution ratio coefficient of the existing preliminary design:
η＝[M 1 ×d 1 -(M 2 ×d 2 +M 3 ×d 3 +M 4 ×d 4 )]/(M 1 +M 2 +M 3 +M 4 )；
step five: when the mass distribution ratio coefficient is less than 0.5%, the design requirement is met; otherwise, the symmetrical structure, the mass center is moved forward, the mass distribution is changed, and the like, so that the mass centers of the lathe bed and the upper structure of the lathe bed are superposed, the vibration of the lathe bed is reduced, and the surface processing quality of the workpiece is improved.
The invention establishes a mass center driving machine tool design technical method based on a complete machine digital model, and provides a design criterion of a machine tool overall layout scheme at the beginning of machine tool design. The experience design is changed into the ordered design, so that the design cost of the machine tool is greatly reduced, and the quality and the processing performance of the machine tool are improved. The method has very important practical significance in the field of design and development of machine tools.
Claims (1)
1. A method for designing a centroid driving machine tool based on a complete machine digital model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, performing dynamic optimization primary design on main functional components of the machine tool, including a lathe bed, a workbench, a stand column and a spindle box;
step two: on the basis of completing the structure optimization design of the spindle box, the upright post and the lathe bed, respectively calculating the mass and the mass center position distribution of each functional part, and enabling the mass of the lathe bed to be M 1 The mass of the column is M 2 The main spindle box and the main spindle have the mass M 3 The mass of the working table is M 4 ；d 1 ,d 2 ,d 3 And d 4 Respectively the distances from the center of mass of the lathe bed, the upright post, the spindle box, the spindle and the workbench to the integral center of mass of the lathe structure;
step three: respectively calculating the moment M generated by each functional component to the integral mass center of the machine tool structure 1 ×d 1 ,M 2 ×d 2 ,M 3 ×d 3 ,M 4 ×d 4 A value of (d);
step four: according to the criterion of layout design, namely the mass center of the upper structure of the machine body is coincident with the mass center of the machine body, the overall layout of the machine tool can meet the following requirements: m 1 ×d 1 ＝M 2 ×d 2 +M 3 ×d 3 +M 4 ×d 4 To have already been formedCalculating mass distribution ratio coefficient by step design:
η＝[M 1 ×d 1 -(M 2 ×d 2 +M 3 ×d 3 +M 4 ×d 4 )]/(M 1 +M 2 +M 3 +M 4 )；
step five: when the mass distribution ratio coefficient eta is less than 0.5%, the design requirement is met, otherwise, a symmetrical structure is adopted, the mass center moves forwards, and the mass distribution measures are changed, so that the mass centers of the lathe bed and the upper structure of the lathe bed are superposed, the vibration of the lathe bed is reduced, and the surface processing quality of the workpiece is improved.
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| TWI497242B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-08-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Design method and design system for machine tools |
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| CN103366043A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-10-23 | 天津大学 | Three-point support optimization design method of machine tool bed based on response surface model |
| CN106777820A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-31 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of big part Dynamic performance Optimization method for designing of machine tool basic |
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