CN109557573A - A kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method - Google Patents
A kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109557573A CN109557573A CN201811448004.0A CN201811448004A CN109557573A CN 109557573 A CN109557573 A CN 109557573A CN 201811448004 A CN201811448004 A CN 201811448004A CN 109557573 A CN109557573 A CN 109557573A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/204—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a liquid
Abstract
A kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method, after α/β ray is detected by detector, photomultiplier tube exports current pulse signal, after the conversion of RC feedback-type charge amplifier, two fingers number voltage signal is formed, then carries out digitizing to form digital pulse signal and enter FPGA being handled by ADC；The long Damped exponential signals that RC feedback-type charge amplifier is formed are eliminated using current waveform restorer；Using the parallel digitlization box filter device of building two-way, filter width is arranged according to the die-away time of ZnS (Ag), plastic scintillant, the output signal of current waveform restorer is handled；Peak-holding circuit is for box filter device automatic tracing and exports its peak value；The ratio of two-way peak-holding circuit is obtained using ratio comparator, alpha counter more than given threshold is counted, β counter lower than threshold value is counted, after α/β ray is screened, the counting of output α, β counter increases enable signal certainly, it is waiting to receive from after increasing enable signal, complete counting load.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radionetric survey technical fields, and in particular to carry out Zhen method for distinguishing for α/β ray to one kind.
Background technique
α/β surface contamination analyzer, Low background α/β measuring instrument can be compound using being made of ZnS (Ag) and plastic scintillant
Scintillator and photomultiplier tube, which are constituted, pops one's head in, and α/β ray is carried out while being detected.ZnS (Ag) to Alpha-ray detection efficient very
Height, but it is insensitive to β ray, and β radiolucent ZnS (Ag) coating reaches plastic scintillant and is absorbed.Compound scintillator is released
Photon current pulse signal is converted to by photomultiplier tube, current signal can be handled by rear class signal processing chain, current impulse
The existing alpha signal of signal sequence also has signal beta, and rear class signal processing chain has to screen two kinds of pulse signals in real time,
Step-by-step counting can be carried out respectively, achieve the purpose that while measuring α/β ray.
α/β ray is at present there are two types of main discriminating methods: the first is amplitude method, and principle is Alpha-ray signal amplitude
Bigger, Beta-ray signal amplitude is smaller, and the threshold value by the way that amplitude comparator is arranged screens two kinds of rays.Second
Kind is pulse width method, and principle is the voltage pulse signal that the current signal of photomultiplier tube output is formed after I-V is converted,
Alpha-ray pulse width is wider, and Beta-ray pulse width is narrow, by the measurement of pulse-width, can believe two kinds
It number is screened.For amplitude method, since α, signal beta have bigger overlapping in amplitude, for overlapping region ray just
The case where will appear mutual crosstalk, and since judgment criteria is amplitude, the gain stability of whole system is to particle
It is larger to screen influential effect.For pulse width method, the beginning and end location determination of impulse amplitude and baseline noise to pulse
Influence it is bigger, cause pulse width measurement inaccuracy, will affect the examination effect of particle.For above two method, also
Have a common defect, key is screened parameter and is all controlled by analog device, in amplitude method, the amplitude of pulse by photomultiplier tube,
Amplifying circuit is affected, stability influence of the threshold value by reference voltage；In pulse width method, pulse width is by photoelectricity times
Increase the influence of the peripheral cell of pipe.Work as environmental change, when device aging, these key parameters can all send out variation, entire to screen effect
The stability of fruit is affected.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of digitized α/β ray discriminating method, which can be substantially reduced
The influence of signal amplitude, analog device performance change to effect is screened.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is accomplished by the following way:
A kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method, specific steps are as follows:
1) after the detector detection that α/β ray is made of scintillator and photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube output index
The current pulse signal of attenuation function waveform；
2) current pulse signal in step 1) forms double exponential voltages after the conversion of RC feedback-type charge amplifier
Signal, while reducing input current pulse signal bandwidth；
3) two fingers number voltage signal is digitized by ADC, and formation digital pulse signal enters FPGA and digitized
Signal processing；
4) FPGA described in includes current waveform restorer, box filter device, peak-holding circuit and ratio comparator, first
Utilize current waveform restorer removal process 2) long Damped exponential signals that RC feedback-type charge amplifier is formed, allow signal
Original current pulse shape is restored to convenient for rear class processing；Then the digitlization box filter device parallel using building two-way,
Two filter widths of 2us and 0.2us are set according to the die-away time of ZnS (Ag), plastic scintillant, to current waveform restorer
Output signal handled；Peak-holding circuit for box filter device automatic tracing and exports its peak value again；Finally utilize than
It is worth the ratio that comparator obtains two-way peak-holding circuit, α/β ray pulse examination is carried out according to ratio, more than the α of given threshold
Counter is counted, and the β counter lower than threshold value is counted, and carries out α/β ray pulse examination according to ratio；
5) after α/β ray is screened, the counting of output α, β counter increases enable signal from enable signal, waiting receive is increased certainly
Afterwards, counter carries out plus one operates, and completes a counting load.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The parameter that α, β of the invention are screened is only related with the width of the damping time constant of scintillator and Square-Wave Filter,
The damping time constant of scintillator is relatively more fixed, and box filter device realizes that parameter is fixed by digital technology.Therefore the screening techniques
The influence of parameter during the influence and simulation of signal amplitude can be substantially reduced, and system gain is changed it is insensitive, convenient for adopting
It is realized with digital technology, is conducive to the stability of raising system and convenient for debugging production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is digitlization α/β ray discriminating method processing circuit structure chart
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, α/β ray discriminating method detailed process of the invention:
1) after the detector detection that α/β ray is made of scintillator and photomultiplier tube, photomultiplier tube output index
The current pulse signal I of attenuation function waveform(t), express as shown in formula (1)；
τ0Scintillator decay time constant, the time attenuation constant of ZnS (Ag) scintillator are 200ns or so, Plastic scintillation
Body is tens ns；I0For current impulse maximum value.
2) current pulse signal in step 1) forms double exponential voltages after the conversion of RC feedback-type charge amplifier
Signal, while reducing input current pulse signal bandwidth；Convenient for late-class circuit processing, output voltage signal V(t), such as formula (2) institute
Show.
A is signal amplitude, τRCIt is RC feedback network curring time, and meets τRC>>τ0。
3) two fingers number voltage signal is digitized by ADC (digital analog converter, similarly hereinafter), formed digital pulse signal into
Enter FPGA and carry out digitized signal processing, ADC uses the sampling rate of 80M.
4) FPGA includes current waveform restorer, box filter device, peak-holding circuit and ratio comparator, is existed first
Using Verilog language building digitlization current waveform restorer removal process 2 in FPGA) RC feedback-type charge amplifier
The long Damped exponential signals formed allow signal to be restored to original current pulse shape convenient for rear class processing；Wherein contain sudden strain of a muscle
The damping time constant inherent feature of bright body:
Output signal is the frequency-domain expression of formula (2):
Target output signal Q(t)With detector output current wave referring to formula (1), time-domain expression:
The frequency-domain expression of formula (4) are as follows:
Formula (2) signal is by transmission letter h(t)Conversion output type (4) signal, then formula (4) signal be exactly formula (2) with
The transfer function h of current waveform restorer(t)Convolution:
Q(t)=V(t)*h(t) (6)
The frequency-domain expression of formula (6) are as follows:
Q(jω)=V(jω)·H(jω) (7)
Bringing formula (3) and formula (5) into formula (7) can export:
Comprising all invariants in formula (8) in COEFFICIENT K, COEFFICIENT K is normalized in the coefficient A ' of output signal, transmits letter
Several frequency domain equations:
H(jω)=1+j ω τRC (9)
The continued time domain expression formula of transfer function:
Using the digitlization box filter device that Verilog language building two-way is parallel in FPGA, according to ZnS (Ag), modeling
Expect that two filter widths of 2us and 0.2us are arranged in the die-away time of scintillator, two-way box filter device is extensive to current waveform simultaneously
The output signal of multiple device is handled；Peak-holding circuit is constructed using Verilog language in FPGA again, for box filter device
Automatic tracing simultaneously exports its peak value；The ratio that two-way peak-holding circuit is finally obtained using ratio comparator, is carried out according to ratio
α/β ray pulse is screened, and the alpha counter more than given threshold is counted, and the β counter lower than threshold value is counted, according to
Ratio carries out α/β ray pulse examination；
The signal exported through current waveform restorer is handled with box filter device, box filter device b(t)Expression formula
(11)
T is box filter device width.
Formula (4) signal passes through the receptance function obtained after box filter device are as follows: p (t)
By (13) formula it is found that T > > τ0When p (t) reach maximum value A ' τ 0, otherwise amplitude peak is
Using two-way box filter device parallel processing, the width of two box filter devices is different, if wider rectangular
Filter uses width T1>>τ0, relatively narrow box filter device width T2With τ0Quite, two filters can be derived according to above-mentioned conclusion
The ratio R of wave device output signal are as follows:
By formula (14) it is found that the ratio of the output signal of two box filter devices, only with the width of relatively narrow Square-Wave Filter
It is related with the damping time constant of scintillator, it is unrelated with signal amplitude.
Wider box filter device width T1For 2us, relatively narrow box filter device width T2For 0.2us, β ray is by plastics
Scintillator detection, the current impulse time constant of formation are only tens ns, and the signal amplitude ratio of two box filter devices output connects
It is bordering on 1.Alpha ray is detected by ZnS (Ag) scintillator, and the current impulse time constant of formation is 0.2us, and two Square-Wave Filters are defeated
Signal, using amplitude ratio, can screen two kinds of particles than about 1.5 times out.
5) after α/β ray is screened, the counting of output α, β counter increases enable signal from enable signal, waiting receive is increased certainly
Afterwards, counter carries out plus one operates, and completes a counting load.
The above is only embodiments of the present invention, is stated again, and those skilled in the art are come
It says, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be carried out to the present invention, these improvement are also included in the present invention
In scope of protection of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method, it is characterised in that: itself specific steps are as follows:
1) after the detector detection that α/β ray is made of scintillator and photomultiplier tube, the decaying of photomultiplier tube output index
The current pulse signal I of function waveform(t)As shown in formula (1):
τ0Scintillator decay time constant, I0For current impulse maximum value；
2) current pulse signal in step 1) forms double exponential voltage letters after the conversion of RC feedback-type charge amplifier
Number, while input current pulse signal bandwidth is reduced, it is handled convenient for late-class circuit, output voltage signal V(t)As shown in formula (2):
A is signal amplitude, τRCIt is RC feedback network curring time, and meets τRC>>τ0；
3) two fingers number voltage signal is digitized by ADC, is formed digital pulse signal and is entered FPGA progress digitized signal
Processing；
4) FPGA described in includes current waveform restorer, box filter device, peak-holding circuit and ratio comparator, first with
Current waveform restorer removal process 2) RC feedback-type charge amplifier formed long Damped exponential signals, allow signal to restore
To original current pulse shape convenient for rear class processing；Then the digitlization box filter device parallel using building two-way, according to
Die-away time setting two filter widths of 2us and 0.2us of ZnS (Ag), plastic scintillant, to the defeated of current waveform restorer
Signal is handled out；Peak-holding circuit for box filter device automatic tracing and exports its peak value again；Finally utilize odds ratio
Compared with the ratio that device obtains two-way peak-holding circuit, α/β ray pulse examination is carried out according to ratio, the α more than given threshold is counted
Device is counted, and the β counter lower than threshold value is counted, and carries out α/β ray pulse examination according to ratio；
5) after α/β ray is screened, the counting of output α, β counter increases enable signal certainly, waiting to receive from after increasing enable signal, meter
Number device carries out plus an operation, completes a counting load.
2. a kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: packet in the step 4)
Contained the damping time constant inherent feature of scintillator: output signal is the frequency-domain expression of formula (2):
Target output signal Q(t)With detector output current wave referring to formula (1), time-domain expression:
The frequency-domain expression of formula (4) are as follows:
Formula (2) signal is by transmission letter h(t)Conversion output type (4) signal, then formula (4) signal is exactly formula (2) and electric current
The transfer function h of waveform restorer(t)Convolution:
Q(t)=V(t)*h(t) (6)
The frequency-domain expression of formula (6) are as follows:
Q(jω)=V(jω)·H(jω) (7)
Bringing formula (3) and formula (5) into formula (7) can export:
Comprising all invariants in formula (8) in COEFFICIENT K, COEFFICIENT K is normalized in the coefficient A ' of output signal, transfer function
Frequency domain equation:
H(jω)=1+j ω τRC (9)
The continued time domain expression formula of transfer function:
3. a kind of digitlization α/β ray discriminating method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: through electricity in the step 4
The signal of stream waveform restorer output is handled with box filter device, the expression formula (11) of box filter device b (t)
Formula (4) signal passes through the receptance function obtained after box filter device are as follows: p (t)
Using two-way box filter device parallel processing, the width of two box filter devices is different, and wider box filter device is adopted
With width T1>>τ0, relatively narrow box filter device width T2With τ0Quite, two filter outputs can be derived according to above-mentioned conclusion
The ratio R of signal are as follows:
By formula (14) it is found that the ratio of the output signal of two box filter devices, only with the width of relatively narrow Square-Wave Filter and sudden strain of a muscle
The damping time constant of bright body is related, and β ray is detected by plastic scintillant, and the signal amplitude ratio of two box filter devices output connects
It is bordering on 1, alpha ray is detected by ZnS (Ag) scintillator, and the current impulse time constant of formation is 0.2us, and two Square-Wave Filters are defeated
Signal, using amplitude ratio, can screen two kinds of particles than about 1.5 times out.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110068855A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-30 | 上海仁机仪器仪表有限公司 | Multi-functional ray detector and its assemble method based on MPPC |
| CN111025373A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | Method for digitally correcting decay time of sodium iodide crystal in real time |
| CN111060982A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-24 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | Front radiation detector for X-ray machine |
| CN111404542A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 四川新先达测控技术有限公司 | Double-exponential nuclear signal counting method and device |
| CN112327347A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-05 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | Digital nuclear pulse forming system with adjustable curvature |
| CN112946721A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Detector capable of simultaneously identifying alpha, beta and gamma rays and detection method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110068855A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-30 | 上海仁机仪器仪表有限公司 | Multi-functional ray detector and its assemble method based on MPPC |
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| CN111404542A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 四川新先达测控技术有限公司 | Double-exponential nuclear signal counting method and device |
| CN112327347A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-05 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | Digital nuclear pulse forming system with adjustable curvature |
| CN112946721A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Detector capable of simultaneously identifying alpha, beta and gamma rays and detection method |
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