CN109557309B - Application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as detection marker in diagnosis of kidney stones - Google Patents
Application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as detection marker in diagnosis of kidney stones Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/573—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
- G01N33/535—Production of labelled immunochemicals with enzyme label or co-enzymes, co-factors, enzyme inhibitors or enzyme substrates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
- G01N2333/988—Lyases (4.), e.g. aldolases, heparinase, enolases, fumarase
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/34—Genitourinary disorders
- G01N2800/345—Urinary calculi
Abstract
The invention provides an application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in kidney stone diagnosis, relates to the field of biomedical diagnosis, and particularly relates to an application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in kidney stone diagnosis, wherein the kidney stone diagnosis is carried out by detecting the content and activity of the carbonic anhydrase-2, the carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises multiple species and subtypes, has high homology, and can achieve the same effect by detecting different species and subtypes. Meanwhile, the diagnostic value of the urine carbonic anhydrase-2 in the discovery of the renal calculus patients is further verified, the method has the advantages of high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, convenience in detection and the like, and can also be used for judging whether the renal calculus patients have the risk of relapse, so that the method can be discovered as early as possible, and is convenient for clinicians to give corresponding prevention and treatment measures, and the economic burden and the physical pain of the patients are relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomedical diagnosis, in particular to application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in kidney stone diagnosis.
Background
The kidney stones are common diseases of the urinary system, frequently occur, more frequently occur in males than in females, and frequently occur in young and strong years, and the incidence rates of the kidney stones on the left side and the right side are not obviously different. 40-75% of patients with renal calculus have lumbago of different degrees. Large stones with small mobility, manifested as soreness and distension of the waist, or dull pain during increased physical activity. The colic caused by small stones often suddenly causes severe pain of incised sample of waist and abdomen, and is paroxysmal.
The main methods for determining the presence or absence of kidney stones in a patient rely on imaging methods such as color Doppler ultrasound, X-ray and CT. Although the imaging method is widely used for screening the kidney stone patients, the examination cost is relatively expensive, the examination process is complicated, and some imaging examinations have the harm of radioactive substances. Most importantly, the recurrence rate of the renal calculus patients is extremely high, and the recurrence risk of the renal calculus cannot be judged by the existing imaging examination. Passive diagnosis and treatment brings certain waste of medical resources.
Carbonic anhydrase-2 is one of the fourteen forms of human α -CA, almost ubiquitous in humans, with relatively high levels of expression in the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract and kidney. The main function of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the human body is to interconvert carbon dioxide and bicarbonate to maintain acid-base balance in blood and other tissues and to help export carbon dioxide from the tissues. Several studies have shown that carbonic anhydrase-2 is involved in calcification of human tissues, including blood vessels and brain. Similarly, carbonic anhydrase-2 and its isozymes are also involved in the calcification process in many biological systems, including bacteria-induced calcification, the formation of calcareous spicules, and the production of shell-forming animals.
In the earlier researches, the patients with kidney stones show that the content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in urine is higher, but the content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in normal healthy people and people with kidney tumors is lower, and then the occurrence of stones can be predicted by detecting the content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in urine. Meanwhile, a plurality of patients who have treated kidney stones keep urine carbonic anhydrase-2 at a continuously higher level, and the recurrence risk is far greater than that of the patients who have recovered urine carbonic anhydrase-2 to a normal level after the kidney stone treatment. These results also provide a theoretical basis for detecting carbonic anhydrase-2 levels as a marker of urine for diagnosis of kidney stones.
Higher levels of urinary carbonic anhydrase-2 play a role in the cause of kidney stone patients, and therefore carbonic anhydrase-2 may be a therapeutic target for kidney stone patients, so that it is necessary to use effective and valuable markers for diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones, and to judge the risk of recurrence of kidney stone patients, thereby enabling clinicians to find out relative preventive measures as soon as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in kidney stone diagnosis.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in kidney stone diagnosis.
Further, the kidney stone diagnosis is carried out by detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2.
Further, carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises multiple species and subtypes, and has high homology, and detection of different species and subtypes can often achieve the same effect, so detection of carbonic anhydrase-2 can comprise multiple species and subtypes.
Further, the method for diagnosing kidney stones by using carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring the carbonic anhydrase-2 content and activity in urine of healthy people;
(2) measuring the carbonic anhydrase-2 content and activity in the urine of the subject;
(3) if the content and the activity of the carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine of the tested person are higher than those of the carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine of a healthy person, the conclusion that the tested person suffers from the kidney stone is obtained, and otherwise, the conclusion that the tested person does not suffer from the kidney stone is obtained.
Further, the method for detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting early morning urine of a testee, requiring to be checked within 2h, if the urine cannot be checked in time, storing the urine in an environment at the temperature of 3-6 ℃, but requiring the storage time to be less than or equal to 24h, centrifuging the urine at the speed of 1500-2000r/min for 5-10min before urine detection, and taking a supernatant sample to be detected;
(2) taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, and arranging a standard substance hole and a sample hole, wherein 50 mu L of carbonic anhydrase-2 standard substances with different concentrations are added into the standard substance hole respectively, and 50 mu L of a sample to be detected is added into the sample hole;
(3) adding 100 μ L of carbonic anhydrase-2 antibody labeled by horse radish peroxidase into each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubating in a water bath at 37 deg.C for 60-80 min;
(4) discarding liquid, drying on absorbent paper, filling each hole with cleaning solution, standing for 1-5min, throwing off cleaning solution, drying on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) adding 50 μ L of color-developing agent A and color-developing agent B into each of the standard sample well and the sample well, and incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 10-30 min;
(6) adding 1.8-2.2M sulfuric acid stop solution into each hole within 50 μ L for 10-30min, and measuring OD value of each hole at wavelength of 450 nm;
(7) according to the OD value measured by the standard sample hole and the corresponding activity and content, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, and the activity and content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample are calculated.
Further, the specifications of the standard substance for detecting the content of carbonic anhydrase-2 are respectively 2.5ng/ml,5ng/ml,10ng/ml,20ng/ml,40ng/ml and 80 ng/ml; the specifications of the standard substance for detecting the activity of the carbonic anhydrase-2 are respectively 6.25IU/ml, 12.5IU/ml, 25IU/ml, 50IU/ml, 100IU/ml and 200 IU/ml.
Further, color-developing agent A contains hydrogen peroxide and functions as a hydrogen donor, and color-developing agent B contains 3,3',5,5' -tetramethylbenzidine and is used for color development.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in diagnosis of kidney stones, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the increase of carbonic anhydrase-2 in urine of renal calculus patients is screened out through earlier stage research, and the increase of urine carbonic anhydrase-2 in renal calculus patients is proved to be obvious, so that healthy people and renal tumor patients can be obviously distinguished. Meanwhile, the diagnostic value of the urine carbonic anhydrase-2 in the discovery of the renal calculus patients is further verified, the method has the advantages of high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, convenience in detection and the like, and can also be used for judging whether the renal calculus patients have the risk of relapse, so that the method can be discovered as early as possible, and is convenient for clinicians to give corresponding prevention and treatment measures, and the economic burden and the physical pain of the patients are relieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine of a renal calculus patient is higher than that of a normal human by immunoblotting in example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1, 2 and 3 are urine bands of the renal calculus patient, and 4, 5 and 6 are urine bands of a healthy human;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs showing the content and activity of the differential carbonic anhydrase-2 in urine of patients with renal calculus, renal tumor and normal human in example 1 of the present invention, wherein the control involved in the graphs is normal human;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are calculations of the value of urine carbonic anhydrase-2 in diagnosing renal calculus patients, which are related to normal control, calculated in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
selecting 3 kidney stone patients and 3 normal patients, and collecting urine of the patients for screening proteomics technology, wherein the people are males and the ages and the weights of the people are approximately similar.
The inventor selects 8 protein urine markers in the early stage, wherein only carbonic anhydrase-2 is stably expressed in the urine of a patient with renal calculus.
Inclusion criteria of the test population: the inventors included healthy people, patients with kidney stones, and patients with kidney tumors from 1 month to 10 months in 2017 to 2018. The following steps can only be carried out after the above population has met the following criteria:
(1) the age is 18-68 years;
(2) the kidney stone patient can be confirmed by color ultrasound, X-ray and CT examination of the urinary system;
(3) patients with renal tumor are operated and confirmed by postoperative cases;
(4) all people have no history of urinary infection within 1 month;
(5) no history of renal insufficiency or failure disease in all people;
(6) all people do not have chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and the like;
collecting, transporting and detecting the urine specimen: the people on the premise are further researched, urine in early morning of healthy people, kidney stone patients and kidney tumor patients is collected, and the urine is required to be delivered within 2 hours, if the urine cannot be delivered in time, the urine is stored in a refrigerator or the like at 4 ℃, but the urine is not required to exceed 24 hours at most. Centrifuging at 1500r/min for 5min before detecting the urine specimen, and taking the supernatant specimen for detection.
Process for detecting carbonic anhydrase-2 in urine samples
(1) Taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, setting standard substance holes and sample holes, adding 50 mu L of standard substances with different concentrations into the standard substance holes, and respectively detecting the specifications of the standard substance for the content of carbonic anhydrase-2 to be 2.5ng/ml,5ng/ml,10ng/ml,20ng/ml,40ng/ml and 80 ng/ml; the specifications of the standard substance for detecting the activity of the carbonic anhydrase-2 are respectively 6.25IU/ml, 12.5IU/ml, 25IU/ml, 50IU/ml, 100IU/ml and 200 IU/ml;
(2) 50 μ L of the sample to be tested was added to the sample well.
(3) 100 μ L of detection antibody to carbonic anhydrase-2 labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was added to each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubated in a 37 ℃ water bath or incubator for 60 min.
(4) Discarding the liquid, patting dry on absorbent paper, filling each well with washing solution (350 μ L), standing for 1min, throwing off the washing solution, patting dry on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times in this way.
(5) Adding 50 μ L of each substrate A, B into each well, incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 15min, wherein the substrate A is developer A containing hydrogen peroxide and has hydrogen donor effect; the substrate B is a color developing agent containing 3,3',5,5' -tetramethyl benzidine and is used for developing color.
(6) The reaction was stopped by adding 50. mu.L of 2M sulfuric acid stop solution to each well, and the OD value of each well was measured at a wavelength of 450nm within 15 min.
Calculating the activity and content of the carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample: according to the OD value and the corresponding activity and content measured by the standard sample hole, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, so that the activity and content of the carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample can be calculated.
The diagnostic effect of the urinary carbonic anhydrase-2 activity and content on kidney stone patients was evaluated, and ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the AUC curve of the urinary carbonic anhydrase-2 activity and content was 0.8741 and 0.965, respectively, compared to normal persons, and the area under the AUC curve of the urinary carbonic anhydrase-2 activity and content was 0.8923, compared to kidney cancer patients. It was concluded that carbonic anhydrase-2 urine levels have accuracy in predicting kidney stone risk.
Example 2:
the method for detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting early morning urine of a testee, requiring 2h for submission, if the urine cannot be submitted in time, storing the urine in an environment at 5 ℃, but requiring the storage time to be less than or equal to 24h, centrifuging the urine at 1800r/min for 10min before urine detection, and taking a supernatant sample for detection;
(2) taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, and arranging a standard substance hole and a sample hole, wherein 50 mu L of carbonic anhydrase-2 standard substances with different concentrations are added into the standard substance hole respectively, and 50 mu L of a sample to be detected is added into the sample hole;
(3) adding 100 μ L of carbonic anhydrase-2 antibody labeled by horseradish peroxidase into each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubating in a water bath at 37 deg.C for 65 min;
(4) discarding liquid, drying on absorbent paper, filling each hole with cleaning solution, standing for 2min, throwing off the cleaning solution, drying on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) adding 50 μ L of color-developing agent A and color-developing agent B into each of the standard sample well and the sample well, and incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 20 min;
(6) adding 50 μ L of 1.8M sulfuric acid stop solution into each well, and measuring the OD value of each well at the wavelength of 450nm within 20 min;
(7) according to the OD value measured by the standard sample hole and the corresponding activity and content, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, and the activity and content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample are calculated.
Example 3:
the method for detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting early morning urine of a testee, requiring 2h for submission, if the urine cannot be submitted in time, storing the urine in an environment at 6 ℃, but requiring the storage time to be less than or equal to 24h, centrifuging the urine at 2000r/min for 6min before urine detection, and taking a supernatant sample for detection;
(2) taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, and arranging a standard substance hole and a sample hole, wherein 50 mu L of carbonic anhydrase-2 standard substances with different concentrations are added into the standard substance hole respectively, and 50 mu L of a sample to be detected is added into the sample hole;
(3) adding 100 μ L of carbonic anhydrase-2 antibody labeled by horseradish peroxidase into each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubating in a water bath at 37 deg.C for 65 min;
(4) discarding liquid, drying on absorbent paper, filling each hole with cleaning solution, standing for 2min, throwing off the cleaning solution, drying on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) adding 50 μ L of color-developing agent A and color-developing agent B into each of the standard sample well and the sample well, and incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 18 min;
(6) adding 50 μ L of 1.8M sulfuric acid stop solution into each well, measuring OD value of each well at 450nm wavelength within 15 min;
(7) according to the OD value measured by the standard sample hole and the corresponding activity and content, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, and the activity and content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample are calculated.
Example 4:
the method for detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting early morning urine of a testee, requiring 2h for submission, if the urine cannot be submitted in time, storing the urine in an environment at 4 ℃, but requiring the storage time to be less than or equal to 24h, centrifuging at 1500r/min for 10min before urine detection, and taking a supernatant sample for detection;
(2) taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, and arranging a standard substance hole and a sample hole, wherein 50 mu L of carbonic anhydrase-2 standard substances with different concentrations are added into the standard substance hole respectively, and 50 mu L of a sample to be detected is added into the sample hole;
(3) adding 100 μ L of carbonic anhydrase-2 antibody labeled by horseradish peroxidase into each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubating in a water bath at 37 deg.C for 80 min;
(4) discarding liquid, drying on absorbent paper, filling each hole with cleaning solution, standing for 5min, throwing off the cleaning solution, drying on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) adding 50 μ L of color-developing agent A and color-developing agent B into each of the standard sample well and the sample well, and incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 30 min;
(6) adding 50 μ L of 2.2M sulfuric acid stop solution into each well, and measuring the OD value of each well at the wavelength of 450nm within 30 min;
(7) according to the OD value measured by the standard sample hole and the corresponding activity and content, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, and the activity and content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample are calculated.
Example 5:
the method for detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting early morning urine of a testee, requiring 2h for submission, if the urine cannot be submitted in time, storing the urine in an environment at 3 ℃, but requiring the storage time to be less than or equal to 24h, centrifuging at 1500r/min for 5min before urine detection, and taking a supernatant sample for detection;
(2) taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, and arranging a standard substance hole and a sample hole, wherein 50 mu L of carbonic anhydrase-2 standard substances with different concentrations are added into the standard substance hole respectively, and 50 mu L of a sample to be detected is added into the sample hole;
(3) adding 100 μ L of carbonic anhydrase-2 antibody labeled by horseradish peroxidase into each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubating in a water bath at 37 deg.C for 60 min;
(4) discarding liquid, drying on absorbent paper, filling each hole with cleaning solution, standing for 1min, throwing off the cleaning solution, drying on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) adding 50 μ L of color-developing agent A and color-developing agent B into each of the standard sample well and the sample well, and incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 10 min;
(6) adding 50 μ L of 1.8M sulfuric acid stop solution into each well, and measuring the OD value of each well at the wavelength of 450nm within 10 min;
(7) according to the OD value measured by the standard sample hole and the corresponding activity and content, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, and the activity and content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample are calculated.
Example 6:
the method for detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting early morning urine of a testee, requiring 2h for submission, if the urine cannot be submitted in time, storing the urine in an environment at 6 ℃, but requiring the storage time to be less than or equal to 24h, centrifuging the urine at 2000r/min for 10min before urine detection, and taking a supernatant sample for detection;
(2) taking out the microporous enzyme label plate, and arranging a standard substance hole and a sample hole, wherein 50 mu L of carbonic anhydrase-2 standard substances with different concentrations are added into the standard substance hole respectively, and 50 mu L of a sample to be detected is added into the sample hole;
(3) adding 100 μ L of carbonic anhydrase-2 antibody labeled by horseradish peroxidase into each of the standard wells and the sample wells, and incubating in a water bath at 37 deg.C for 80 min;
(4) discarding liquid, drying on absorbent paper, filling each hole with cleaning solution, standing for 5min, throwing off the cleaning solution, drying on absorbent paper, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) adding 50 μ L of color-developing agent A and color-developing agent B into each of the standard sample well and the sample well, and incubating at 37 deg.C in dark for 30 min;
(6) adding 50 μ L of 2.2M sulfuric acid stop solution into each well, and measuring the OD value of each well at the wavelength of 450nm within 30 min;
(7) according to the OD value measured by the standard sample hole and the corresponding activity and content, the activity and content corresponding to the corresponding OD value are calculated, and the activity and content of carbonic anhydrase-2 in the urine sample are calculated.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The application of carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in the preparation of a reagent for diagnosing kidney stones is characterized in that: the diagnosis of kidney stones is carried out by detecting the content and the activity of carbonic anhydrase-2.
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