CN109557282A - A kind of sloping upland gutter water protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of sloping upland gutter water protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN109557282A CN109557282A CN201811420538.2A CN201811420538A CN109557282A CN 109557282 A CN109557282 A CN 109557282A CN 201811420538 A CN201811420538 A CN 201811420538A CN 109557282 A CN109557282 A CN 109557282A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 208000028804 PERCHING syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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Abstract
The invention discloses the crop field observation experiment methods that a kind of sloping upland gutter (hereinafter referred gutter) water protects mechanism; by selection of land, the setting of gutter, the acquisition of sample, test observation and etc. not destructively gutter infiltrate, unilateral confluence and gutter soil and water conservation effect is measured over the ground on the basis of ditch wall integrity; sedimentation amount and distribution characteristics in energy Accurate Determining ditch, sedimentation amount is with sedimentation form in the long variation of ditch and ditch.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil erosions and conservation technology field, and in particular to a kind of sloping upland gutter water protects mechanism
Crop field observation experiment method.
Technical background
Slope surface water system engineering is the traditional engineering measures of soil and water conservation in southern area of China, and ground gutter is slope surface Hydraulic Projects
Important component is protected in hillside fields and plays key effect with improvement.In early stage, traditionally the soil and water conservation benefit of gutter is simultaneously
It is not very ideal.In the 1930s, gutter is improved (Wang Lihuai etc., 1997) to Buddhist nun's Gu etc. over the ground, hereafter, Liao Mianjun,
Gutter technology further progress is improved over the ground by graceful army, Shi Chaopu (Liao Mianrui, Zhang Xianming, 2004) etc., and ground gutter is arranged
At the channel of people, enhance ground gutter function gradually.But since its specification and shape are with hillside fields condition and type, farming system
Degree, farming habit, regional climate etc. be different and complicated multiplicity, insufficient to the attention of its theoretical research, be retained soil conservation function and
The influence and benefit of the mechanism of action and ground gutter to slope surface water sand migration rule are still unclear so far.In order to deepen gutter over the ground
It is retained the understanding of the soil conservation mechanism of action and rand ditch-water sand migration rule, needs to design different tests to obtain reliable examination
Data are tested to be studied.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of crop field observation experiment side of sloping upland gutter water guarantor mechanism
Method, in this way, sedimentation amount, sedimentation amount and distribution characteristics in ground gutter can be observed accurately；Sedimentation amount
With the long variation characteristic of ditch；Sedimentation form in ground gutter.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: choosing the gradient is 8 °, a length of 12.5m, and width is the sloping upland of 6m as practice ground；
(2) the setting of gutter: ground gutter is set in the digging of test sloping upland edge, ground gutter channel is modified, ditch is made
Road geometric shape is consistent, cuts a depth about 3-5cm, the gap of wide 2-3mm, while root in position among uphill side furrow bank with perching knife
Whole ground gutter is divided equally into 10-30 sections or more according to observation requirements, this observation is divided into 12 sections, whole with non-woven fabrics segmentation bedding
Channel, and filled in non-woven fabrics in furrow bank gap on one side with perching knife, non-woven fabrics is smooth to be fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall,
The exit or entrance of a clitch of ground gutter is provided with drainage tube, and drainage tube is connected with afflux pond；
(3) observed parameter is arranged: placing the sampling bottle of 3-5 bore rule in the different places of test sloping upland, uses
To measure the raininess of time rainfall；The ground gutter set is used to observe sedimentation amount, distribution characteristics, morphological feature in ditch；?
Afflux pond is installed at the exit or entrance of a clitch of ground gutter, collects the runoff flowed out through rand ditch, for observe the runoff flowed out from ground gutter and
Quantity of sand and mud；(4) test observation: rainfall is measured after each natural rainfall first and is made a record.Whether observation slope surface produces stream,
It flows and is observed as follows if producing: taking pictures to test sloping upland surface condition, to have the record vertically clapped, over the ground in gutter
The silt of deposition carries out sectional vertical and photographs to record, and weighing record is taken out in the silt segmentation in ground gutter, and take sample segment
It takes back indoor water content, organic matter, full N, full P, full K, particle composition and is further analyzed test；Measure 5-8 afflux pond
Middle muddy water depth is averaged and calculates runoff volume in afflux pond, after 24 hours, afflux pond clear water at the middle and upper levels is discharged, the bottom of by
Layer sposh, which is dug out, dries weighing, for calculating soil loss amount.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein the ground gutter is ladder
Shape.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein the non-woven fabrics is surface
Coarse and good penetrability non-woven fabrics.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein what the non-woven fabrics was laid with
Mode is cover tile formula laying method.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein in the uphill side furrow bank
Between position, with perching knife along cutting a depth about 3-5cm, the gap of wide 2-3mm.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein the non-woven fabrics is segmented paving
It covers whole channel and is filled in non-woven fabrics in furrow bank gap on one side with perching knife.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein the non-woven fabrics passes through iron
Hook is fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall.
A kind of sloping upland gutter water of the present invention protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, wherein setting beside the afflux pond
It is equipped with five holes being connected to afflux pond top and shunts pond.
The present invention with preferably resolving field in gutter observation process in ditch silt sediment sampling difficulty, by detailed
Block sampling can also analyze the distribution characteristics and morphological feature of silt sediment in ditch, in conjunction with runoff and mud in the afflux pond of the exit or entrance of a clitch
Husky situation can analyse in depth rand ditch soil and water conservation function.From the above technical scheme, the present invention passes through selection of land, rand
The setting of ditch, observed parameter setting, test observation and etc. not destructively gutter infiltrate, unilateral confluence and ditch wall integrity
On the basis of the relevant parameter of sloping upland gutter water and soil conservation is measured, can accurately measure sedimentation amount in ditch, point
Cloth feature, sedimentation amount are with sedimentation form in ditch long variation characteristic and ditch.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the global figure of hillside fields gutter crop field observation experiment design；
Fig. 2 is hillside fields gutter crop field observation experiment design partial enlarged view；
Fig. 3 is hillside fields gutter crop field observation experiment design profilograph.
In figure: 1, carrying on the back ditch；2, sloping upland is tested；3, furrow bank gap；4, non-woven fabrics；5, drainage tube；6, afflux pond.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of sloping upland gutter water protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: choosing the gradient is 8 °, a length of 12.5m, and width is the hillside fields of 6m as practice ground；
(2) the setting of gutter: ground gutter is set in the digging of test sloping upland edge, ground gutter channel is modified, ditch is made
Road geometric shape is consistent, cuts a depth about 5cm along position among uphill side furrow bank with perching knife, the gap of wide 2mm, while according to sight
Whole ground gutter is divided equally into 12 sections by survey demand, is segmented the whole channel of bedding and with perching knife by one side of non-woven fabrics 4 with non-woven fabrics 4
It fills in furrow bank gap 3, non-woven fabrics is smooth to be fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall, and on ground, the exit or entrance of a clitch of gutter is provided with drainage tube 5,
Drainage tube 5 is connected with afflux pond 6, and five holes being connected to afflux pond top are provided with beside afflux pond 6 and shunt pond 7；
(3) observed parameter is arranged: the sampling bottle of 3 bore rules is placed in the different places of test sloping upland, for surveying
The raininess of fixed rainfall；The ground gutter set is used to observe sedimentation amount, distribution characteristics, morphological feature in ditch；In rand
Afflux pond 6 is installed at the exit or entrance of a clitch of ditch, the runoff flowed out through hillside fields gutter is collected, for observing the runoff and mud that flow out from ground gutter
Sha Liang；(4) test observation: measuring rainfall first and make a record after each natural rainfall, whether observation slope surface produces stream, if
It produces and flows and observed as follows: taking pictures to test sloping upland surface condition, to there is the record vertically clapped, sink in gutter over the ground
Long-pending silt carries out sectional vertical and photographs to record, and weighing record is taken out in the silt segmentation in ground gutter, and take sample segment band
It returns indoor water content, organic matter, full N, full P, full K, particle composition and is further analyzed test；It measures in 5-8 afflux pond
Muddy water depth is averaged and calculates runoff volume in afflux pond, after 24 hours, afflux pond clear water at the middle and upper levels is discharged, by bottom
Sposh, which is dug out, dries weighing, to calculate soil loss amount.
Examples hereinafter 2 and 3 please refers to 1 modification
Embodiment 2
A kind of sloping upland gutter water protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: choosing the gradient is 8 °, a length of 12.5m, and width is the hillside fields of 6m as practice ground；
(2) the setting of gutter: ground gutter is set in the digging of test sloping upland edge, ground gutter channel is modified, ditch is made
Road geometric shape is consistent, cuts a depth about 4cm, the gap of wide 2.5mm, while basis in position among uphill side furrow bank with perching knife
Whole ground gutter is divided equally into 12 sections by observation requirements, is segmented the whole channel of bedding and with perching knife by the one of non-woven fabrics 4 with non-woven fabrics 4
Frontier fortress is into furrow bank gap 3, and non-woven fabrics is smooth to be fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall, and on ground, the Caused by Sloping Surfaces of gutter is provided with drainage
Pipe 5, drainage tube 5 are connected with afflux pond 6, and five holes being connected to afflux pond top are provided with beside afflux pond 6 and shunt pond 7；
(3) acquisition of sample: the sampling bottle of 4 bore rules is placed in the different places of test sloping upland, in ground gutter
The exit or entrance of a clitch afflux pond 6 is installed, collect the runoff that flows out through hillside fields gutter；(4) it test observation: is measured first after each natural rainfall
It takes rainfall and makes a record, whether observation slope surface produces stream, flows and is observed as follows if producing: to test sloping upland surface condition
It takes pictures, to there is the record vertically clapped, the silt deposited in gutter over the ground carries out sectional vertical and photographs to record, and measures 6 diameters
Muddy water depth in pond is flowed, weighing record is taken out into the silt segmentation in ground gutter, and sample segment is taken to take back indoor water content, have
Machine matter, full N, full P, full K, particle composition are further analyzed test；After 24 hours, afflux pond clear water at the middle and upper levels is discharged,
Bottom sposh is dug out and dries weighing, to calculate soil loss amount.
Embodiment 3
A kind of sloping upland gutter water protects the crop field observation experiment method of mechanism, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: choosing the gradient is 8 °, a length of 12.5m, and width is the hillside fields of 6m as practice ground；
(2) the setting of gutter: ground gutter is set in the digging of test sloping upland edge, ground gutter channel is modified, ditch is made
Road geometric shape is consistent, cuts a depth about 3cm along position among uphill side furrow bank with perching knife, the gap of wide 3mm, while according to sight
Whole ground gutter is divided equally into 12 sections by survey demand, is segmented the whole channel of bedding and with perching knife by one side of non-woven fabrics 4 with non-woven fabrics 4
It fills in furrow bank gap 3, non-woven fabrics is smooth to be fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall, and on ground, the Caused by Sloping Surfaces of gutter is provided with drainage tube
5, drainage tube 5 is connected with afflux pond 6, and five holes being connected to afflux pond top are provided with beside afflux pond 6 and shunt pond 7；
(3) acquisition of sample: the sampling bottle of 5 bore rules is placed in the different places of test sloping upland, in ground gutter
The exit or entrance of a clitch afflux pond 6 is installed, collect the runoff that flows out through hillside fields gutter；(4) it test observation: is measured first after each natural rainfall
It takes rainfall and makes a record, whether observation slope surface produces stream, flows and is observed as follows if producing: to test sloping upland surface condition
It takes pictures, to there is the record vertically clapped, the silt deposited in gutter over the ground carries out sectional vertical and photographs to record, and measures 5 diameters
Muddy water depth in pond is flowed, weighing record is taken out into the silt segmentation in ground gutter, and sample segment is taken to take back indoor water content, have
Machine matter, full N, full P, full K, particle composition are further analyzed test；After 24 hours, afflux pond clear water at the middle and upper levels is discharged,
Bottom sposh is dug out and dries weighing, to calculate soil loss amount.
It is tested as follows by this method:
With observing sample: position (30 ° 46 ' 12.11 " N, 108 ° 29 ' 22.70 " E, 262 meters of height above sea level), purple soil, basic parameter
It is shown in Table 1:
1 soil basic parameter table of table
Silt sediment in observation sample trench is observed and is counted on the following date respectively:
A, 2010 on Augusts, 15, accumulated rainfall 115.1mm, silt sediment total amount 76500g in ditch, silt sink in ditch
Long-pending distribution is shown in Table A1 in 2,434000ml in afflux pond, containing husky total amount 598g；
B, on August 23,2010 accumulated rainfall 56mm, silt sediment total amount 1191.4g in ditch, silt sink in ditch
Long-pending distribution is shown in Table B1 in 2,50000ml in afflux pond, containing husky total amount 183g.
2 observed result of table
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention in any form, appoint
What is to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention any simply to repair without departing from technical solution of the present invention content
Change, equivalent variations and modification, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of crop field observation experiment method that sloping upland gutter water protects mechanism, comprising the following steps:
1) selection of land: choosing the gradient is 8 °, a length of 12.5m, and width is the hillside fields of 6m as practice ground；
2) setting of gutter: ground gutter is set in the digging of test sloping upland edge, ground gutter channel is modified, channel geometry is made
Form is consistent, cuts a depth about 3-5cm along position among uphill side furrow bank with perching knife, the gap of wide 2-3mm, while according to observation
Whole ground gutter is divided equally into 12-30 sections by demand, with non-woven fabrics (4) whole channel of segmentation bedding and with perching knife by non-woven fabrics (4)
Filled in furrow bank gap (3) on one side, non-woven fabrics is smooth to be fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall, and on ground, the exit or entrance of a clitch of gutter is provided with
Drainage tube (5), drainage tube (5) are connected with afflux pond (6), and five holes point being connected to afflux pond top are provided with beside afflux pond
It flows pond (7)；
3) acquisition of sample: on ground, the different places of gutter place the sampling bottle of 3-5 bore rule, for measuring time drop
The raininess of rain, on ground, afflux pond (6) are installed at the exit or entrance of a clitch of gutter, collect the runoff flowed out through hillside fields gutter；
4) rainfall in the container or sampling bottle placed in test sloping upland test observation: is measured after each natural rainfall first
It measures and makes a record, whether observation slope surface produces stream, flows and is observed as follows if producing: clapping test sloping upland surface condition
According to having the record vertically clapped, the silt that deposits in gutter over the ground carries out sectional vertical and photographs to record, by the silt in ground gutter
Segmentation take out weighing record, and take sample segment take back indoor water content, organic matter, full N, full P, full K, particle composition and its
The analysis test item that he needs；5-8 runoff muddy water depth is measured to the runoff in afflux pond (6), average value is calculated, with this
The yielding flow in afflux pond (6) is calculated, after 24 hours, afflux pond (6) clear water at the middle and upper levels is discharged, bottom sposh is dug out and is dried in the air
Dry weighing, to calculate soil loss amount.
2. the crop field observation experiment method that a kind of sloping upland gutter water as described in claim 1 protects mechanism, it is characterised in that: institute
The ground gutter stated is inverted trapezoidal.
3. the crop field observation experiment method that a kind of sloping upland gutter water as described in claim 1 protects mechanism, it is characterised in that: institute
The non-woven fabrics stated is the non-woven fabrics of rough surface and good penetrability.
4. the crop field observation experiment method that a kind of sloping upland gutter water as described in claim 1 protects mechanism, it is characterised in that: institute
The mode that the non-woven fabrics stated is laid with is cover tile formula laying method.
5. the crop field observation experiment method that a kind of sloping upland gutter water as described in claim 1 protects mechanism, it is characterised in that: use
Perching knife cuts a depth about 3-5cm, the gap of wide 2-3mm in position among uphill side furrow bank.
6. the crop field observation experiment method that a kind of sloping upland gutter water as described in claim 1 protects mechanism, it is characterised in that: nothing
The whole channel of woven fabric segmentation bedding is simultaneously filled in non-woven fabrics in furrow bank gap (3) with perching knife on one side.
7. the crop field observation experiment method that a kind of sloping upland gutter water as described in claim 1 protects mechanism, it is characterised in that: institute
The non-woven fabrics stated is fixed on bottom of trench and descending lateral sulcus wall by iron hook.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109556916A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-02 | 贵州师范大学 | Sloping upland gutter sheet flow sampler |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012127181A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-27 | Rockwash Prep And Store Limited | A method and apparatus for washing rock samples |
| CN104374894B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-10-26 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Small watershed different geomorphologic units water erosion process fine analog test method |
-
2018
- 2018-11-26 CN CN201811420538.2A patent/CN109557282A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012127181A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-27 | Rockwash Prep And Store Limited | A method and apparatus for washing rock samples |
| CN104374894B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-10-26 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Small watershed different geomorphologic units water erosion process fine analog test method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 蔡雄飞: "坡地边沟水土保持机理研究", 《中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109556916A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-02 | 贵州师范大学 | Sloping upland gutter sheet flow sampler |
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