CN109556938A - A kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece - Google Patents
A kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN109556938A CN109556938A CN201811227251.8A CN201811227251A CN109556938A CN 109556938 A CN109556938 A CN 109556938A CN 201811227251 A CN201811227251 A CN 201811227251A CN 109556938 A CN109556938 A CN 109556938A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
- G01N27/84—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields by applying magnetic powder or magnetic ink
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece.The cambered surface defect inspection method of the workpiece, comprising: magnetic powder inspection detection determines defective locations；Sampling；Rejected region is polished manually, in polishing process, sample is contacted with polishing machine table top for line, and the force direction for holding sample is in always 45-60 ° of angle with the negative direction of plane where the table top of polishing machine；Rejected region is observed using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope.The cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece of the present invention can realize the mirror finish of workpiece cambered surface defective locations, the observation analysis of metallographic microstructure is carried out to defect and improve the accuracy of cambered surface defects detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sample polishing technology field, in particular to the cambered surface defect inspection method of a kind of workpiece.
Background technique
Steel generally can be larger along some specific Direction distortion during the manufacturing, it will usually become along rolling direction
Shape amount is big, and deflection very little on the direction vertical with rolling direction, and therefore, the defect of workpiece surface generally has apparent side
To type, defect often shows as slender type.It can be using the method for magnetic powder inspection to part after the completion of common metal Finishing Parts Machining
Surface is detected, and haves the defects that influence part performance or service life to avoid piece surface.Although usually part after finishing
Surface quality is preferable, but therefore the sensitivity of magnetic powder inspection detection is high, and it is aobvious within 2mm still to can detecte length
Microdefect.
Magnetic powder inspection detection can only find that surface defects of parts whether there is, specially which type of defect, the defect
But can not further accurate judgement as caused by what reason.It, need to be to defect but in actual part analysis treatment process
Property and the reason of generating defect accurately judged, and then further part is disposed.
In general, the property in order to determine defect, can intercept the cross section of defect, observe after grinding, polishing.But
Sample selection generally for polishing is plane sample, and is cut for special cambered surface sample or directly from production workpiece
The cambered surface of the sample taken carries out polishing detection, but there is more problem, is on the one hand, destroys defective locations in order to prevent, past
It is not in place ineffective toward polishing；On the other hand, polishing excessively, causes defective locations to be worn, and can not carry out normal defects point
Analysis；Third, polishing is uneven, leads to metallographic observation less effective.
Chinese patent CN108115547A discloses a kind of polishing method and polissoir, and cambered surface on the market is thrown at present
Light device function is similar, is all to be unable to satisfy metallographic to reduce workpiece surface roughness and the polishing that carries out, polishing precision are limited
Specimen surface is needed to be polished to the high-precision polishing of mirror surface in detection.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece, can be realized workpiece arc
The mirror finish of planar defect position, and then high-precision metallographic microstructure detection and analysis are carried out for defect, improve workpiece
The precision and accuracy of cambered surface defects detection.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece, comprising:
Magnetic powder inspection detection, determines defective locations；
Sampling；
Rejected region is polished manually, in polishing process, sample is contacted with polishing machine table top for line, holds sample
Force direction is in always 45-60 ° of angle with the negative direction of plane where the table top of polishing machine；
Rejected region is observed using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope.
In above-mentioned detection method, it is preferable that when the sampling, the defective locations are located at the highest point of sample cambered surface.
In above-mentioned detection method, it is preferable that the polishing carries out in two stages:
First stage, when polishing, the revolving speed of polishing machine determines the direction of polishing less than 200 revs/min；
Second stage, the revolving speed for adjusting polishing machine is 900-1100 revs/min, continues 1-3 minutes, completes polishing process.
In above-mentioned detection method, it is preferable that in the polishing process, diamond is selected to be sprayed polishing agent, abrasive pastes
Or polishing powder is as polishing agent；It is highly preferred that the polishing agent is that diamond is sprayed polishing agent；In the first stage, use
The spraying polishing agent that diamond powder grade is 7 microns carries out rough polishing；In the second stage, use diamond powder grade micro- for 3
The spraying polishing agent of rice carries out smart throwing.
In above-mentioned detection method, it is preferable that the polishing machine be the adjustable polishing machine of electrodeless variable-speed, the polishing machine can
Turning speed is 0-1500 revs/min.
In above-mentioned detection method, it is preferable that cause to lack according to the judgement of the result of metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscopic observation
Sunken reason, when defect is then to carry out surface corrosion as caused by metallographic structure using corrosive liquid to rejected region, rush through alcohol
It washes after surface, drying, carries out secondary observation using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope.
In above-mentioned detection method, it is preferable that carry out observation and secondary observation using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope
It afterwards, further include taking pictures to the metallographic structure observed；When taking pictures described in the progress, image capturing system is able to carry out scape
Deep extension, acquires rejected region plurality of pictures, a clearly rejected region picture is merged into after extending by the depth of field.
Technical solution provided by the invention has the benefit that
1) it realizes the high-precision polishing in workpiece cambered surface defects detection, realizes the mirror finish of defective locations, it can be to scarce
It is trapped into the observation analysis of row metallographic microstructure, improves the accuracy of cambered surface defects detection；
2) damage probability in cambered surface polishing process to defective locations is reduced；
3) use for reducing experimental facilities, reduces testing cost, improves detection accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the pattern picture of scanning electron microscopic observation after the workpiece polishing in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is that the workpiece magnetic powder inspection in the embodiment of the present invention 2 detects picture；
Fig. 3 is that sample cuts the metallographic microscope that cross section passes through metallography microscope sem observation in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 4 a is the defect one for passing through metallography microscope sem observation after the burnishing surface of sample in the embodiment of the present invention 2 is corroded
The metallographic microscope of a position；
Fig. 4 b is another by the defect of metallography microscope sem observation after the burnishing surface of sample in the embodiment of the present invention 2 is corroded
The metallographic microscope of one position.
Fig. 5 is that the plane metallographic that sample is produced through conventional method in comparative example 1 of the present invention passes through metallography microscope sem observation
Metallographic microscope；
Fig. 6 is that the surface that polishing action is played in sample force direction and polishing machine is held in the manual polishing process of the present invention
The angle schematic diagram of (i.e. polishing disk in Fig. 6).
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
For workpiece cambered surface defects detection, the planar disfigurement that compares detection, the main distinction and difficult point are defective locations
Polishing, due to cambered surface polishing in be easy to destroy defective locations or polishing effect it is bad, influence testing result.For defect
Microexamination, more accurate mode be prepared into polishing condition metallographic specimen observation.But it is on the one hand all at present
Metallic phase polisher milling is flat polisher；On the other hand, although occurring part arc-shaped workpiece on the market or in industry at present
Polissoir, but be mostly to be polished using grinding wheel, abrasive band etc. to workpiece surface, such polissoir is generally only reduction work
The roughness on part surface, workpiece surface still remains the particle bring scratch in a large amount of grinding wheel or abrasive band after polishing, can not
Achieve the effect that mirror finish.It is well known that specimen surface is necessary for mirror surface, through plane reflection in metallography microscope microscopic observation
By human eye it can be seen that micro- metallographic structure, and its precision of common polishing is still lower, and the specimen surface of non-specular surface generates
Diffusing reflection can not observe the metallographic structure of sample.Simultaneously there is also aliquot volume is too small, equipment is not easy to clamp, and leads
The problem of cause can not be polished.
The present invention provides a kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece, and specific method includes: to be examined first using magnetic powder inspection
Survey technology determines defective locations；Secondly for defect, there are positions to be sampled, and obtained sample should be ensured that defective bit set
In the highest point of sample cambered surface, in order to find defective locations accurately when subsequent polishing, in addition, defect is located at arc when metallographic observation
It also may make when the highest point in face and be not easy to scratch microscopical object lens in mobile specimen；Rejected region is carried out later manual
It polishes, in polishing process, therefore, to assure that sample is contacted with polishing machine table top for line, if the two is not line contact, shows to throw
Light is excessive, has damaged surface where sample defect, meanwhile, in entire polishing process, need the force side of hand-held sample
To always with plane where the table top of polishing machine (i.e. the surface of polishing machine polishing action) in 45-60 ° of angle, the angle is by arc
The radian size in face determines that, when the radian of cambered surface is bigger, polishing angle is smaller, and the radian of cambered surface is smaller, and angle when polishing is got over
Greatly, schematic diagram such as attached drawing 6 can guarantee that the cambered surface of workpiece after polishing remains initial arc surfaced with this condition
Shape, in addition to the radius where cambered surface reduces, other parameters do not change；After polishing, using metallographic microscope or scanning
Electronic Speculum observes rejected region.In manual polishing process, the force direction and polishing machine table top angle mistake of sample are held
Hour, polishing sample cannot substantially be polished to mirror when vertical direction stress is smaller, horizontal direction force is larger, therefore polishes
Face；If angle is excessive, sample is polished vertical direction stress is larger, horizontal direction force is smaller, such polishing efficiency
It is very high, but the specimen surface after polishing is be easy to cause phenomena such as residual stress is excessive, even overheats occur, it will lead to sample
There is Artifact etc. in deformation, and is easy to appear sample in actual operation and flies out phenomenon, therefore, in the present invention controls hand-held sample
Force direction and polishing machine table top where the angle of plane be 45-60 °.
Cambered surface is still remained after the completion of cambered surface polishing where capable of guaranteeing the defect of workpiece sample by the above method
State, and defective locations can be prevented to be damaged due to excessive polishing.
For above-mentioned detection method, in sampling process, guarantee that defect is in the vertex of sample cambered surface as far as possible, in order to
Later for the observation of sample, and facilitate in polishing process, holds the force direction of sample and the table top place of polishing machine
The determination of the angle of plane guarantees the precision of polishing.
For polishing, need to carry out in two stages:
First stage, when polishing, the revolving speed of polishing machine determines the direction of polishing less than 200 revs/min；This stage is main
For debugging process, the specific direction of polishing, that is, the angle above-mentioned (force direction and polishing machine of hand-held sample can determine
Table top where plane angle).
Second stage, adjust polishing machine revolving speed be 900-1100 revs/min, such as can be 900 revs/min, 950
Rev/min, 1000 revs/min, 1100 revs/min, until completing polishing.Second stage is the formal polishing stage, polishes revolving speed
It is too low, then it is too low to will lead to polishing efficiency, and it is too fast to polish revolving speed, then will lead to polished face and be damaged or polished examination
Sample is detached from the control of operator and flies out since horizontal shear force is excessive.It is polished particularly with cambered surface, for the control of precision
It is required that higher, revolving speed can not be excessively high, and preferably revolving speed is 900-1100 revs/min in the present invention, in the revolving speed, for convex surface
Arc sample is applicable in.
In polishing, available polishing agent includes that diamond is sprayed polishing agent, abrasive pastes or polishing powder.
In order to improve polishing precision, the preferred polishing agent of the present invention is that diamond be sprayed polishing agent, this is sprayed polishing powder can be with
It is commercially available, it is formed with bortz powder and alcohol, being potted in can be pressurized in the pressure vessel of injection, in use, directly
Pressing sprays mist, and alcohol therein can help bortz powder to form even spraying shape when spraying, help as carrier
In on the polishing table top that polishing agent is equably covered on polishing machine, sample metallographic structure after guaranteeing polishing it is uniform, and it is common
Abrasive pastes or polishing powder be unable to ensure it and can equably be covered on the polishing table top of polishing machine.
Diamond is sprayed polishing agent, is distinguished according to the difference of diamond dust granularity, in the present invention, selects gold respectively
Hard rock powder is that 7 microns and 3 microns of diamond is sprayed polishing agent, wherein using granularity for 7 microns in polishing in the first stage
Polishing agent carry out rough polishing；In second stage polishing, granularity is used to carry out smart throwing for 3 microns of polishing agent.
Polishing machine is according to revolving speed difference, and there are many model, the preferred polishing machine of the present invention is the adjustable polishing machine of electrodeless variable-speed,
The adjustable revolving speed of the polishing machine is 0-1500 revs/min.
When carrying out Observation of Defects analysis by metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope, when observing that defect is by sample
The metallic inclusion aggregation that surface is formed causes, then knows that the workpiece is the defect formed in casting process, can be to casting
Technique improves or carries out other respective handlings.It observes polishing section if defect is longer and does not find apparent defect,
It is largely the defect that the microstructure of inside workpiece generates, needs to corrode polished surface at this time, according to specific
Workpiece material characteristic select suitable corrosive agent to carry out corrosion and then secondary carry out using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope
Observation, it can be found that the specific defect that its micro- metallographic structure generates.
It is common process in field for polishing section corrosion, corrosion is carried out using suitable corrosive liquid and then through wine
Fine dries up after washing surface.
For the ease of analyzing later test result, after being observed using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope,
It further include taking pictures to the metallographic structure observed.When the observation result to metallographic microscope is taken pictures, image is adopted
Collecting system need to have depth of field extension function, acquire rejected region plurality of pictures, one is merged into after extending by the depth of field clearly
Rejected region picture.Image capturing system does not need the depth of field overlaying function when taking pictures for scanning electron microscopic observation result.
In order to further illustrate scheme provided by the invention in detail, carried out by following two embodiment combination attached drawing detailed
It describes in detail bright.
Embodiment 1
Taking cross section is certain workpiece of positive round, carries out magnetic powder inspection, the visible short strip shape defect in surface, measurement to the workpiece
The defect length is about 2mm.
Using method provided by the invention to defect sampling (highest point that defective locations are located at sample cambered surface) and to defect
Place cambered surface is polished, and wherein polishing fluid selects diamond to be sprayed polishing agent, and polishing machine selects the adjustable polishing machine of electrodeless variable-speed,
Adjustable revolving speed is 0-1500 revs/min, in polishing process, and the two (sample with polishing machine table top) contacts for line.Polishing is divided to two ranks
Duan Jinhang, first stage, the revolving speed of polishing machine are set as 100 revs/min, determine the force direction of hand-held sample and the platform of polishing machine
It is best polishing angle that plane included angle where face, which is 60 °, and second stage, the revolving speed for adjusting polishing machine is 900 revs/min, polishing 1
Entire polishing process is completed after minute.
The burnishing surface of sample after polishing is observed using scanning electron microscope later, Fig. 1 is workpiece, defect place
The shape appearance figure shot after cambered surface polishing through scanning electron microscopic observation finds that the defective locations are the non-metallic inclusion of aggregation, thus
It is found that the defect is that workpiece generates in smelting process.Momentum profiles instrument analyzes the ingredient of field trash, can determine whether coming for field trash
Source provides improved direction to smelt.
Embodiment 2
The cross section for taking GCr15 steel to prepare is the bar workpiece of positive round, magnetic powder inspection detection is carried out to it, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, the visible short strip shape defect in surface (slight magnetic trace).
Position where the workpiece, defect is sampled, the shape appearance figure in sampling section is illustrated in figure 3, is had no from Fig. 3
Obvious shortcoming.
Cambered surface where defect is polished using method provided by the invention, wherein polishing fluid selects diamond to throw by spraying
Photo etching, polishing machine select the adjustable polishing machine of electrodeless variable-speed, and adjustable revolving speed is 0-1500 revs/min, and in polishing process, the two connects for line
Touching.Polishing carries out in two stages, and first stage, the revolving speed of polishing agent is set as 180 revs/min, determines specimen surface and polishing
It is that most preferably polishing angle, second stage, the revolving speed for adjusting polishing agent are that the negative direction angle of plane where the burnishing surface of machine, which is 45 °,
1100 revs/min, polishing completed entire polishing process after 3 minutes.
The burnishing surface of the defect sample is corroded using nitric acid alcohol, for the interface after corrosion, uses metallographic microscope
Observation carries out two position shootings to it since the defect is longer, as shown in figures 4 a and 4b, can be bright from Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b
It is aobvious to see since carbide is assembled, the defect of generation, it follows that the defect is caused by being segregated in steel, it can be inclined to the steel
The raw link of division carries out specific aim Optimal improvements.
Therefore, the cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece provided by the invention is primarily adapted for use in the cambered surface defect of metal works
Detection, is particularly suitable for the cambered surface defects detection of steel material workpiece, can be further smart on the basis of magnetic powder inspection detection
Refinement detection confirmation defect Producing reason, and facilitate the improvement of work pieces process technique.
Comparative example 1
The workpiece employed in embodiment 2 carry out magnetic powder inspection detection and to position is sampled where defect after, into
Row conventional method (referring to GB/T13298-2015 standard) produces plane metallographic specimen, is seen later using metallographic microscope
It examines, structure is not as shown in figure 5, observe defect in the plane metallographic specimen that conventional method is produced as can be seen from Figure 5.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can pass through the embodiment party of other essence without departing from its spirit or essential feature
Case is realized.Therefore, embodiment disclosed above, in all respects are merely illustrative, not the only.Institute
Have within the scope of the present invention or is included in the invention in the change being equal in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cambered surface defect inspection method of workpiece characterized by comprising
Magnetic powder inspection detection, determines defective locations；
Sampling；
Rejected region is polished manually, in polishing process, sample is contacted with polishing machine table top for line, holds the force of sample
Direction is in always 45-60 ° of angle with the negative direction of plane where the table top of polishing machine；
Rejected region is observed using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope.
2. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
When the sampling, the defective locations are located at the highest point of sample cambered surface.
3. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The polishing carries out in two stages:
First stage, when polishing, the revolving speed of polishing machine determines the direction of polishing less than 200 revs/min；
Second stage, the revolving speed for adjusting polishing machine is 900-1100 revs/min, continues 1-3 minutes, completes polishing process.
4. detection method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
In the polishing process, diamond is selected to be sprayed polishing agent, abrasive pastes or polishing powder as polishing agent.
5. detection method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The polishing agent is that diamond is sprayed polishing agent；
In the first stage, diamond powder grade is used to carry out rough polishing for 7 microns of spraying polishing agent；
In the second stage, diamond powder grade is used to carry out smart throwing for 3 microns of spraying polishing agent.
6. detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The polishing machine is the adjustable polishing machine of electrodeless variable-speed, and the adjustable revolving speed of the polishing machine is 0-1500 revs/min.
7. detection method according to claim 1-6, which is characterized in that
The reason of causing defect according to the judgement of the result of metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscopic observation, when defect is drawn by metallographic structure
It rises, then surface corrosion is carried out using corrosive liquid to rejected region and use metallography microscope after alcohol rinse surface, drying
Mirror or scanning electron microscope carry out secondary observation.
8. detection method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
Using metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscope carry out observation and secondary observation after, further include to the metallographic structure observed into
Row is taken pictures；
When taking pictures described in the progress, image capturing system is able to carry out depth of field extension, acquires rejected region plurality of pictures, passes through
A clearly rejected region picture is merged into after depth of field extension.
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| CN110333283A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-15 | 天津钢管制造有限公司 | A kind of pinpoint wet magnetic powder detection method of metal lamination defect |
| CN112730484A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Diamond film sample and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112816277A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-05-18 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating internal quality of core region of hot-rolled round bar steel |
| CN113063847A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-02 | 中航金属材料理化检测科技有限公司 | Method for detecting defects of 35NCD16 alloy magnetic powder flaw detection |
| CN113514310A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-10-19 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Detection method for non-metallic inclusions on curved surface of shaft part |
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| CN112730484A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Diamond film sample and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113063847A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-02 | 中航金属材料理化检测科技有限公司 | Method for detecting defects of 35NCD16 alloy magnetic powder flaw detection |
| CN113514310A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-10-19 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Detection method for non-metallic inclusions on curved surface of shaft part |
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