CN109556837A - A method of measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity - Google Patents

A method of measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity Download PDF

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CN109556837A
CN109556837A CN201811390161.0A CN201811390161A CN109556837A CN 109556837 A CN109556837 A CN 109556837A CN 201811390161 A CN201811390161 A CN 201811390161A CN 109556837 A CN109556837 A CN 109556837A
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image intensifier
sensitivity
photocathode
cathode
tube core
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CN109556837B (en
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李晓峰
李永春
潘治云
苏天宁
曾进能
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North Night Vision Technology Co Ltd
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North Night Vision Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for

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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to gleam image intensifier technical fields, it is related to a kind of method for measuring the sensitivity of image intensifier photocathode, this method comprises the following steps: (1) photocathode of laser irradiation image intensifier is used, at this point, the image intensifier does not apply operating voltage;(2) fluorescence that photocathode is issued is received using photomultiplier tube, and measures the intensity of the fluorescence;(3) cathode sensitivity of image intensifier is calculated using following formula:In formula, R is the cathode sensitivity of image intensifier, R0For the tube core sensitivity of image intensifier, I is the fluorescence intensity of image intensifier cathode, I0For the cathode-luminescence intensity of image intensifier tube core.This method measurement method is simple, and convenient for operation, and measurement accuracy is high, solve the problems, such as image intensifier in previous production, check and accept and quality control procedure existing for it is a series of, to improve the production efficiency of image intensifier.

Description

A method of measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity
Technical field
The invention belongs to gleam image intensifier technical fields, are related to a kind of side for measuring the sensitivity of image intensifier photocathode Method.
Background technique
Gleam image intensifier (hereinafter referred to as image intensifier) is the core of low-light level night vision device, and the height of performance determines micro- The quality of light night vision device.Image intensifier is made of tube core and high-voltage power supply special, and tube core is by cathode windowpane 1, photoelectricity Cathode 2, microchannel plate (MCP) 3, fluorescent screen 4 and optical fiber output window 5 form.As shown in Figure 1, cathode windowpane 1 is used to support Photocathode film layer, photocathode 2 play faint light imaging, and microchannel plate 3 plays electronics amplification, and fluorescent screen 4 rises The effect that image is shown, optical fiber output window 5 are used to support fluorescent screen 4.The photocathode film layer is namely in cathode windowpane 1 The film layer of interface setting between photocathode 2.
The voltage applied at photocathode 2 is -1000V, and the voltage that the input terminal of microchannel plate 3 is applied is -800V, The voltage that the output end of microchannel plate 3 is applied is 0V, and the voltage that fluorescent screen 4 is applied is+6000V, when faint light image enters When being mapped on image intensifier, incident light penetrates cathode windowpane 1 and reaches at photocathode 2 and excite photoelectrons, and photoelectron exists Input end motion between photocathode 2 and microchannel plate 3 under the action of from applied 200V voltage to microchannel plate 3 is gone forward side by side in a subtle way Channel plate 3 doubles.After the photoelectron of multiplication is from the output of the output end of microchannel plate 3, in microchannel plate 3 and fluorescent screen It is moved under the action of 6000V voltage to the direction of fluorescent screen 4 between 4 and bombards fluorescent screen 4 and shone, to realize to faint light The enhancing of image.
The Specifeca tion speeification of image intensifier includes gain, resolving power and signal-to-noise ratio.Gain indicates image intensifier to dim light Amplifying power, resolving power indicates image intensifier to the resolution capability of image detail, and signal-to-noise ratio then indicates image intensifier to noise Rejection ability.In the Specifeca tion speeification of image intensifier, gain is one of most important performance parameter.Image intensifier gain It is directly proportional to the product of cathode sensitivity, micro channel plate gain and luminous efficiency of phosphor screen, see below formula:
G is the gain of image intensifier in formula, and R is cathode sensitivity, and η is luminous efficiency of phosphor screen, and V is screen voltage, m For image intensifier geometry magnifying power.
In image intensifier manufacturing process, tube core and high-voltage power supply special are manufactured and are tested respectively, qualified tube core and specially With high voltage power supply, integration packaging forms complete image intensifier together again.The integration packaging of tube core and high-voltage power supply special is benefit It is bonded, sealed with silicon rubber and fixed in a plastic housing.After the completion of image intensifier integration packaging, it is also necessary to picture The various performance parameters of booster, such as gain, resolving power, signal-to-noise ratio, equivalent background illumination are tested, it is qualified after ability Factory.However, cathode sensitivity, micro channel plate gain, fluorescent screen, which shine, imitates during the performance parameter test of image intensifier Rate cannot measure in image intensifier after packaging is accomplished, can only measure on tube core before packaging, this just gives as increasing Production, examination and the quality control of strong device bring a series of problem.Such as in image intensifier production process, tube core with it is dedicated After high voltage power supply integration packaging, various tests, such as high/low temperature, damp and hot, aging and service life test are carried out.In these tests Afterwards, if the gain reduction of image intensifier, according to formula (1), it may be possible to the cathode sensitivity of tube core, microchannel plate Gain, luminous efficiency of phosphor screen or screen voltage reduce.Because of image intensifier luminous efficiency of phosphor screen, screen voltage It will not change with booster geometry magnifying power, so it is cathode sensitivity or micro- logical that the reason of image intensifier gain reduction, which is only possible to, The reduction of guidance tape gain.If it is the gain reduction of microchannel plate, then the voltage that need to only adjust microchannel plate can With, but if being the cathode sensitivity reduction of image intensifier, then it means that the cathode sensitivity of image intensifier is unstable, The image intensifier is rejected product.
Since image intensifier is not capable of measuring cathode sensitivity and micro channel plate gain after the completion of integration packaging, work as picture When gain decline occurs in booster, image intensifier can only be sealed off, tube core and high-voltage power supply special be isolated, respectively to tube core Cathode sensitivity and micro channel plate gain are tested, and then judge that photocathode goes wrong or microchannel plate goes out to ask again Topic.This processing method is time-consuming and laborious because being related to the opening of image intensifier.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that image intensifier cathode sensitivity cannot test after the completion of encapsulation, the invention proposes a kind of surveys The method for measuring the sensitivity of image intensifier photocathode, the effective solution measurement problem of image intensifier cathode sensitivity.
Present invention employs following design structure and design schemes: a kind of measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity Method, this method comprises the following steps: step 1: using the photocathode (2) of laser irradiation image intensifier, at this point, the picture Booster does not apply operating voltage step 2: receiving the fluorescence that photocathode (2) are issued using photomultiplier tube, and measures The intensity of the fluorescence;Step 3: the cathode sensitivity of image intensifier is calculated using following formula:In formula, R is as increasing The cathode sensitivity of strong device, R0For the tube core sensitivity of image intensifier, I is the fluorescence intensity of image intensifier cathode, I0For image intensifying The cathode-luminescence intensity of device tube core.
Further, the laser is near-infrared laser.
Further, the near-infrared laser is near-infrared laser of the wave-length coverage between 800nm~950nm.
Further, the tube core sensitivity R of the image intensifier0With the cathode-luminescence intensity I of image intensifier tube core0In picture Test is carried out before the tube core integration packaging of booster and will be recorded.
Further, the photomultiplier tube is near-infrared photomultiplier tube.
Further, the near-infrared laser projects photocathode after half-reflecting mirror (7) and object lens (8) focus (2) on, the fluorescence that photocathode (2) is issued is after object lens (8), half-reflecting mirror (7), eyepiece (9), groove optical filter (10) It focuses on near-infrared photomultiplier tube (11).
Inventive principle: photocathode can issue fluorescence under the irradiation of laser, and for same branch image intensifier, which increases The intensity for the fluorescence that strong device issues is directly proportional to the image intensifier cathode sensitivity, therefore the variation of photocathode sensitivity can be It is reflected in the variation of fluorescence intensity.Using the cathode sensitivity of this method measurement image intensifier, the tube core of image intensifier exists To the sensitivity R of the image intensifier tube core cathode before integration packagingoWith the intensity I of the image intensifier tube core fluorescenceoIt is tested And measurement data record is got off, when measuring the image intensifier photocathode sensitivity later, it need to only measure the image intensifier The fluorescence intensity of photocathode can calculate the sensitivity of the image intensifier cathode.
The present invention excites the fluorescence of multi space using the near infrared light of 800nm~950nm, is because of multi space Longwave absorption threshold value is 950nm, and the wavelength of multi space fluorescence is greater than the wavelength of exciting light, usually more than 950nm.Therefore Using in the wave-length coverage near infrared light excitation multi space fluorescence when, the near infrared light inspired to multi space and Speech is absorbed smaller or is not absorbed, and the signal of such fluorescence is stronger, is easy to detect., whereas if using short wavelength light, such as 505nm wave Long laser swashs fluorescence, then wavelength of fluorescence that multi space is issued is in 700nm or so, therefore fluorescence can be by multi space It is absorbed, the signal of such fluorescence is just quite weak, is unfavorable for signal detection.But if being greater than the light of 950nm using wavelength to swash The fluorescence of multi space is sent out, then because multi space does not absorb the light more than 950nm wavelength, fluorescence, institute will not be generated With for cathode, optimal fluorescent exciting wavelength is within the scope of 800nm~950nm.
Generated beneficial effect is the present invention compared with prior art: a kind of measurement image intensifier light proposed by the present invention The method of electric cathode sensitivity, overcome technical problem of the existing technology, effective solution image intensifier cathode sensitivity Measurement problem, measurement method is simple, and convenient for operation, and measurement accuracy is high, solve image intensifier in previous production, check and accept and A series of problem existing for quality control procedure, to improve the production efficiency of image intensifier.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the method for the present invention refers to image enhancer structure schematic diagram in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the image intensifier photocathode sensitivity measure schematic diagram of the method for the present invention.
Wherein label is 1- cathode windowpane in figure;2- photocathode;3- microchannel plate;4- fluorescent screen;5- optical fiber output Window;6- near-infrared semiconductor laser;7- half-reflecting mirror;8- object lens;9- eyepiece;10- groove optical filter;11- near-infrared photoelectricity Multiplier tube;12- photomultiplier tube power supply;13- sample stage.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The method for a kind of measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity that this method proposes, using measurement as shown in Figure 2 Device measures.According to light projecting direction, near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 issues near-infrared Semiconductor Laser Irradiation to half On reflecting mirror 7, object lens 8 are provided with below the half-reflecting mirror 7, while the object lens 8 are arranged above image intensifier, the image intensifying Device is placed on sample stage 13.Eyepiece 9, groove optical filter 10 and near-infrared photoelectricity have been sequentially arranged above in the half-reflecting mirror 7 Multiplier tube 11 and photomultiplier tube power supply 12.
The light beam that near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 issues projects photoelectricity yin after half-reflecting mirror 7 and object lens 8 focus On pole 2, the fluorescence that photocathode 2 is issued is focused on closely after object lens 8, half-reflecting mirror 7 and groove optical filter 10 by eyepiece 9 On infrared photo multiplier 11, the output electric current of near-infrared photomultiplier tube 11 is by amplifying and finally showing over the display Come.The effect of groove optical filter 10 is to filter out the reflected light of 6 launch wavelengths of near-infrared semiconductor laser, makes near-infrared photoelectricity Multiplier tube 11 only receives the fluorescence that photocathode 2 is emitted.
Embodiment 1
Select an image intensifier tube core, number 5210#.Before 5210# image intensifier tube core integration packaging, respectively Measure the tube core sensitivity R of the image intensifier0With the cathode-luminescence intensity I of the image intensifier tube core0.Measure 5210# image intensifying The cathode-luminescence intensity I of device tube core0When, near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 and photomultiplier tube power supply 12 are opened, its stable work is made Make.The near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 used is 808nm single mode circular light spot laser device, and the photomultiplier tube used is near-infrared Photomultiplier tube 11.
Light power meter is placed on 13 on sample stage, then object lens 8 are focused on the input end face of power meter, are adjusted simultaneously The output power of near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 makes the output power 45mW of the near-infrared semiconductor laser 6.Remove light 5210# image intensifier tube core is placed on sample stage 13 by power meter, makes its upward face object lens 8 in 2 one end of photocathode.By object Mirror 8 focuses on the photocathode face of image intensifier tube core, opens the barn door of near-infrared photomultiplier tube 11, measures fluorescence Intensity I0
The cathode-luminescence intensity I of the 5210# image intensifier tube core is measured0After, by 5210# image intensifier tube core and specially It is integrated to form complete image intensifier with high voltage power supply, the gain of the image intensifier is adjusted, then to image intensifying The parameters such as gain, equivalent background illumination, the resolving power of device measure.Measured yield value is 9800cd/m2Lx, the gain For initial value.
Then the test such as high/low temperature, aging is successively carried out.Test again carries out the gain of the image intensifier after completing Measurement.Measurement result shows that the gain of the image intensifier is 7690cd/m2Lx, decreases compared with initial value.Again by the image intensifying Device is placed on sample stage 13, makes the face object lens 8 upward of photocathode 2, object lens 8 are focused on to the photocathode face of the image intensifier On, the barn door of near-infrared photomultiplier tube 11 is opened, measures the fluorescence intensity I of the image intensifier cathode, measurement data again As shown in table 1.
Image intensifier test data in 1 embodiment 1 of table
Performance parameter R0(μA/lm) I0(Counts) I(Counts)
Measured value 847 1175 1183
According to measurement data as can be seen that the fluorescence intensity I of the image intensifier cathode is 1183,5210# image intensifier pipe The cathode-luminescence intensity I of core0It is 1175, and the initial value of cathode sensitivity is 847 μ A/lm, then the cathode spirit of the image intensifier Sensitivity isSubstantially unchanged compared with initial value.
This illustrates the image intensifier after the test such as high/low temperature, and the reason of gain reduction is not that photocathode is sensitive Degree decline, but the gain reduction of microchannel plate, therefore the branch image intensifier does not have to seal off, it is only necessary to again to the image intensifier Gain be adjusted and can dispatch from the factory.
Embodiment 2
Select an image intensifier tube core, number 5130#.Before 5130# image intensifier tube core integration packaging, respectively Measure the tube core sensitivity R of the image intensifier0With the cathode-luminescence intensity I of the image intensifier tube core0.Measure 5130# image intensifying The cathode-luminescence intensity I of device tube core0When, near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 and photomultiplier tube power supply 12 are opened, its stable work is made Make.The near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 used is 808nm single mode circular light spot laser device, and the photomultiplier tube used is near-infrared Photomultiplier tube 11.
Light power meter is placed on 13 on sample stage, then object lens 8 are focused on the input end face of power meter, are adjusted simultaneously The output power of near-infrared semiconductor laser 6 makes the output power 45mW of the near-infrared semiconductor laser 6.Remove light 5130# image intensifier tube core is placed on sample stage 13 by power meter, makes its upward face object lens 8 in 2 one end of photocathode.By object Mirror 8 focuses on the photocathode face of image intensifier tube core, opens the barn door of near-infrared photomultiplier tube 11, measures fluorescence Intensity I0
The cathode-luminescence intensity I of the 5130# image intensifier tube core is measured0After, by 5130# image intensifier tube core and specially It is integrated to form complete image intensifier with high voltage power supply, the gain of the image intensifier is adjusted, then to image intensifying The parameters such as gain, equivalent background illumination, the resolving power of device measure.Measured yield value is 9800cd/m2Lx, the gain For initial value.
Then the test such as high/low temperature, aging is successively carried out.Test again carries out the gain of the image intensifier after completing Measurement.Measurement result shows that the gain of the image intensifier is 7690cd/m2Lx, decreases compared with initial value.Again by the image intensifying Device is placed on sample stage 13, makes the face object lens 8 upward of photocathode 2, object lens 8 are focused on to the photocathode face of the image intensifier On, the barn door of near-infrared photomultiplier tube 11 is opened, measures the fluorescence intensity I of the image intensifier cathode, measurement data again As shown in table 2.
Image intensifier test data in 2 embodiment 2 of table
Performance parameter Ro(μA/lm) Io(Counts) I(Counts)
Measured value 797 1211 992
According to measurement data as can be seen that the fluorescence intensity I of the image intensifier is 992, with 5130# image intensifier tube core Fluorescence intensity I01211 compared to reducing 18%, and its initial cathode sensitivity is 797 μ A/lm, therefore obtained picture increasing The cathode sensitivity of device is by forceIt is reduced compared with initial value.
This illustrates the image intensifier after the test such as high/low temperature, and gain reduction is photocathode sensitivity decline institute Caused, the cathode sensitivity of the branch image intensifier fails.The branch image intensifier is rejected product, is sealed off, more Booster tube core is changed to Reseal.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited;Although referring to aforementioned reality Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, still can be to aforementioned implementation Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features;And these are modified or replace It changes, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for measuring the sensitivity of image intensifier photocathode, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: using the photocathode (2) of laser irradiation image intensifier, at this point, the image intensifier does not apply operating voltage;
Step 2: receiving the fluorescence that photocathode (2) are issued using photomultiplier tube, and measure the intensity of the fluorescence;
Step 3: the cathode sensitivity of image intensifier is calculated using following formula:In formula, R is the cathode of image intensifier Sensitivity, R0For the tube core sensitivity of image intensifier, I is the fluorescence intensity of image intensifier cathode, I0For the yin of image intensifier tube core Pole fluorescence intensity.
2. the method for measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser is close Infrared laser.
3. the method for measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the near-infrared swashs Light is near-infrared laser of the wave-length coverage between 800nm~950nm.
4. the method for measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the image intensifier Tube core sensitivity R0With the cathode-luminescence intensity I of image intensifier tube core0It is surveyed before the tube core integration packaging of image intensifier It tries and will record.
5. the method for measurement image intensifier photocathode sensitivity as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photomultiplier transit Pipe is near-infrared photomultiplier tube.
6. measuring the method for image intensifier photocathode sensitivity as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that described close Infrared laser projects on photocathode (2) after half-reflecting mirror (7) and object lens (8) focus, and photocathode (2) is issued Fluorescence focuses on near-infrared photomultiplier tube after (10) by object lens (8), half-reflecting mirror (7), eyepiece (9), groove optical filter (11) on.
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CN112798231A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-05-14 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for testing memory effect of micro-channel plate of low-light-level image intensifier
CN112880974A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Detection device, clamp and method for influence of MCP reflectivity on cathode sensitivity
CN112904103A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-04 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for measuring absorptivity and sensitivity of same multi-alkali photocathode
CN113432833A (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-24 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Device and method for testing stability of photo-cathode of image intensifier tube after illumination

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CN111610002A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-09-01 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for measuring cathode close-proximity distance of image intensifier
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CN112798231A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-05-14 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for testing memory effect of micro-channel plate of low-light-level image intensifier
CN112880974A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Detection device, clamp and method for influence of MCP reflectivity on cathode sensitivity
CN112904103A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-04 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for measuring absorptivity and sensitivity of same multi-alkali photocathode
CN112798231B (en) * 2021-01-14 2023-02-10 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for testing memory effect of micro-channel plate of low-light-level image intensifier
CN112880974B (en) * 2021-01-14 2023-04-11 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Detection device, fixture and method for influence of MCP reflectivity on cathode sensitivity
CN112904103B (en) * 2021-01-14 2023-08-18 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Method for measuring absorptivity and sensitivity of same polybasic photocathode
CN113432833A (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-24 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Device and method for testing stability of photo-cathode of image intensifier tube after illumination
CN113432833B (en) * 2021-06-15 2022-09-16 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 Device and method for testing stability of photo-cathode of image intensifier tube after illumination

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