CN109543147A - A kind of method of the non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship and classification, Reasons - Google Patents

A kind of method of the non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship and classification, Reasons Download PDF

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CN109543147A
CN109543147A CN201811256521.8A CN201811256521A CN109543147A CN 109543147 A CN109543147 A CN 109543147A CN 201811256521 A CN201811256521 A CN 201811256521A CN 109543147 A CN109543147 A CN 109543147A
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任宗萍
贾路
李占斌
李鹏
徐国策
成玉婷
王飞超
王斌
张译心
张家欣
刘昱
杨殊桐
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Xian University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,首先确定研究流域,收集研究流域控制水文站年径流量与流域雨量站的年降雨量数据;得出最优理论概率分布函数;使用阿基米德家族Copula函数建立年降雨量和年径流量降雨径流关系的理论最优二维联合分布函数;得到理论最优二维联合分布的似然比统计量,计算样本的似然比统计值,确定突变点;假设突变年份之前为自然时期,并将自然时期作为基准期,突变年份之后为人类活动影响的时期;建立降雨径流模型,重构年径流量资料;将年径流量资料和实测资料进行对比,分析得到气候变化和人为活动对径流变化影响的贡献率,本发明提高了快速进行流域降雨径流关系诊断的的效率和准确性。

The invention discloses a method for rapid nonlinear diagnosis and attribution analysis of rainfall-runoff relationship in a watershed. First, a research watershed is determined, and the annual runoff data of the control hydrological station and the annual rainfall data of the watershed rainfall station are collected; the optimal theory is obtained. Probability distribution function; use the Archimedes family Copula function to establish the theoretical optimal two-dimensional joint distribution function of the relationship between annual rainfall and annual runoff rainfall-runoff; obtain the likelihood ratio statistic of the theoretical optimal two-dimensional joint distribution, calculate the sample Statistical value of the likelihood ratio to determine the mutation point; assume that the natural period is before the mutation year, and take the natural period as the reference period, and the period after the mutation year is the period affected by human activities; establish a rainfall-runoff model, and reconstruct the annual runoff data; The annual runoff data and the measured data are compared, and the contribution rate of climate change and human activities to the runoff change is obtained through analysis.

Description

A kind of method of the non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship and classification, Reasons
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrographic features variation diagnostic method technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship is non- The method of linear quick diagnosis and classification, Reasons.
Background technique
In the world, river flow be human survival, life, production water resource important sources, in recent years, Since especially reforming and opening up to the outside world, with the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, the construction of Chinese society doctrine and economic level It is continuously improved, influence of the mankind's activity to natural environment obviously aggravates, and water resources problems also constantly highlight, while global gas Variation is waited also to play an important role to hydrologic cycle.Therefore, science accurately evaluates mankind's activity and climate change to rivers and creeks diameter The influence of stream is particularly significant.
For a long time, the influence of climate change and mankind's activity to river flow is the one of hydrographic water resource researcher concern A important directions, researcher proposes trend analysis and the various single argument catastrophe point methods of inspection, but these methods are all deposited In the serious problems that can not analyze non-linear variation between bivariate.Therefore propose that a kind of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship is non-thread Property quick diagnosis and the method for classification, Reasons are highly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship and the method for classification, Reasons, Improve the efficiency and accuracy for quickly carrying out the diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship and classification, Reasons Method, be specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1 determines research basin, the annual rainfall of collection research watershed control hydrometric station annual runoff and valley rainfall station Measure data;
Step 2, according to hydrological statistics principle, determine the optimal theoretical probability distribution letter of basin annual rainfall and annual runoff Number;
Step 3 establishes annual rainfall and annual runoff rainfall runoff relation using Archimedes family Copula function Theoretical optimal two-dimentional joint distribution function;
The likelihood ratio statistics of step 4, the optimal two-dimentional Joint Distribution of the theory of building rainfall runoff relation, according to foundation Likelihood ratio statistics calculate the likelihood ratio statistical value of sample, and determine catastrophe point according to the boundary threshold of likelihood ratio statistics;
Step 5, according to step 4 determine catastrophe point, it is assumed that mutation the time before be nature period, it is described nature period be Period without the effect of human activity, and using nature period as base period, the mutation time is the period of the effect of human activity later;
The natural period of step 6, the annual rainfall and the variation of annual runoff rainfall runoff relation that are obtained according to step 5 analysis Data establish Rainfall Runoff Model, reconstruct annual flow using the Rainfall Runoff Model established further according to the annual rainfall data of all the period of time Amount data;
Step 7 is compared using the obtained annual runoff data of reconstruct and field data, analysis obtain climate change and The contribution rate that human activity influences streamflow change.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that
Step 1 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1.1 first determines that the website continuous several years for research website, are then collected in the control hydrometric station in some basin Daily flow data, and annual annual runoff is calculated;
Step 1.2, selection basin and its near zone several rainfall website continuous several years daily precipitation datas, root The annual face rainfall in basin is calculated according to arithmetic mean method.
Step 2 are as follows:
According to hydrological statistics principle, is examined by nonparametric Andrei Kolmogorov-Si meter Nuo Fu, use the hydrology common four Kind probability distribution exponential distribution EXP, Geng Beier distribution GUM, gamma distribution GAM, three type of Pearson came distribution PE3 are to the step 1 In annual rainfall and annual runoff carry out probability-distribution function inspection, basin annual rainfall and Nian Jing are determined by AIC criterion The theoretical optimum probability distribution function of flow.
The parameter Estimation of 4 kinds of theoretical probability distribution functions of basin annual rainfall and annual runoff uses linear in step 2 Moments method is estimated that calculation formula is as follows respectively:
If X is that real value is overall, distribution function is F (x)=P (X≤x), and there are inverse function x=G (F), and G (F) is also known as Kernel smooth, for sample x1..., xn, remember order statistic: x1:n≤x2:n,....,≤xn:n,
The linear moment estimator of r rank of Hosking is as follows:
Wherein:
In formula: r is linear moment order, and n is number of samples.
The optimal theoretical probability-distribution function of basin annual rainfall and annual runoff uses nonparametric Ke Ermoge in step 2 Love-Si meter Nuo Fu is examined and AIC criterion, calculation formula are as follows:
If Sn (x) is the cumulative distribution function of random sample observed value, i.e. empirical distribution function, sample size n;Fo (x) it is a specific cumulative distribution function, i.e. theoretic distribution function, defines D=| Sn (x)-Fo (x) |, if for Each x value, Sn (x) and Fo (x) are close, then show that the fitting degree of empirical distribution function and theoretic distribution function is very high, reasonable By thinking sample data from the totality for obeying the theoretical distribution;
K-S examine be absolute value D=| Sn (x)-Fo (x) | in maximum deviation, i.e., examined using following statistic It tests:
Dmax=max | Sn (x)-Fo (x) |;
AIC information criterion calculation formula is as follows:
AIC=2k-2ln (L).
Step 4 calculation method is as follows:
Copula function likelihood ratio test method, it detects multivariable series of hydrological phase by measurement Copula Parameters variation The change point of structure is closed, the logarithmic form of this method likelihood ratio statistics is as follows:
It is converted under conditions of height λ is unknown are as follows:
In formula, n is number of samples, ΛλIt examines as Copula function likelihood ratio statistics, λ is catastrophe point in data sequence Position, η1For before catastrophe point sample subsequence establish Copula joint distribution function parameter, wherein comprising mutation Point itself,For η1Estimated value, η2For the ginseng for the Copula joint distribution function that the sample subsequence after catastrophe point is established Number,For η2Estimated value, η0For sample sequence establish Copula joint distribution function parameter,For η0Estimated value, The boundary value of statistic Zn is taken under 5% significance, i.e., refuses null hypothesis, Joint Distribution when statistic is greater than boundary value There are catastrophe points for dependency structure.
The boundary value of Zn is 3.69.
The invention has the advantages that the side of a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship and classification, Reasons Method, checkout result is reliable, calculation method is simple, can be diagnosed to be drop by obtaining research annual rainfall data and annual flow data Rain runoff relationship changes time and climate change and mankind's activity to the contribution rate of runoff.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Wudinghe River in a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship of the present invention and the method for classification, Reasons Basin Rainfall runoff is mutated time diagnostic result schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is Wudinghe River in a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship of the present invention and the method for classification, Reasons Watershed Runoff changes classification, Reasons contribution rate schematic diagram of calculation result.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The method of a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship of the present invention and classification, Reasons, specifically according to following Step is implemented:
Step 1 determines research basin, the annual rainfall of collection research watershed control hydrometric station annual runoff and valley rainfall station Data are measured, are specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1.1 first determines that the website continuous several years for research website, are then collected in the control hydrometric station in some basin Daily flow data, and annual annual runoff is calculated;
Step 1.2, selection basin and its near zone several rainfall website continuous several years daily precipitation datas, root The annual face rainfall in basin is calculated according to arithmetic mean method;
Step 2, according to hydrological statistics principle, examined by nonparametric Andrei Kolmogorov-Si meter Nuo Fu, it is normal using the hydrology Four kinds of probability distribution exponential distribution EXP, Geng Beier distribution GUM, gamma distribution GAM, three type of Pearson came distribution PE3 are to described Annual rainfall in step 1 and annual runoff carry out probability-distribution function inspection, by AIC criterion determine basin annual rainfall and The theoretical optimum probability distribution function of annual runoff, wherein 4 kinds of theoretical probabilities of basin annual rainfall and annual runoff are distributed letter Several parameter Estimations is estimated that calculation formula is as follows using linear moments method respectively:
If X is that real value is overall, distribution function is F (x)=P (X≤x), and there are inverse function x=G (F), and G (F) is also known as Kernel smooth, for sample x1..., xn, remember order statistic: x1:n≤x2:n,....,≤xn:n,
The linear moment estimator of r rank of Hosking is as follows:
Wherein:
In formula: r is linear moment order, and n is number of samples;
The optimal theoretical probability-distribution function of basin annual rainfall and annual runoff using nonparametric Andrei Kolmogorov-this Minot husband examines and AIC criterion, calculation formula are as follows:
If Sn (x) is the cumulative distribution function of random sample observed value, i.e. empirical distribution function, sample size n;Fo (x) it is a specific cumulative distribution function, i.e. theoretic distribution function, defines D=| Sn (x)-Fo (x) |, if for Each x value, Sn (x) and Fo (x) are close, then show that the fitting degree of empirical distribution function and theoretic distribution function is very high, reasonable By thinking sample data from the totality for obeying the theoretical distribution;
K-S examine be absolute value D=| Sn (x)-Fo (x) | in maximum deviation, i.e., examined using following statistic It tests:
Dmax=max | Sn (x)-Fo (x) |;
AIC information criterion calculation formula is as follows:
AIC=2k-2ln (L);
Step 3 establishes annual rainfall and annual runoff rainfall runoff relation using Archimedes family Copula function Theoretical optimal two-dimentional joint distribution function;
The likelihood ratio statistics of step 4, the optimal two-dimentional Joint Distribution of the theory of building rainfall runoff relation, according to foundation Likelihood ratio statistics calculate the likelihood ratio statistical value of sample, and determine catastrophe point according to the boundary threshold of likelihood ratio statistics, count Calculation method is as follows:
Copula function likelihood ratio test method, it detects multivariable series of hydrological phase by measurement Copula Parameters variation The change point of structure is closed, the logarithmic form of this method likelihood ratio statistics is as follows:
It is converted under conditions of height λ is unknown are as follows:
In formula, n is number of samples, ΛλIt examines as Copula function likelihood ratio statistics, λ is catastrophe point in data sequence Position, η1For before catastrophe point sample subsequence establish Copula joint distribution function parameter, wherein comprising mutation Point itself,For η1Estimated value, η2For the ginseng for the Copula joint distribution function that the sample subsequence after catastrophe point is established Number,For η2Estimated value, η0For sample sequence establish Copula joint distribution function parameter,For η0Estimated value, The boundary value of statistic Zn is taken under 5% significance, i.e., refuses null hypothesis, Joint Distribution when statistic is greater than boundary value There are catastrophe points for dependency structure;
The boundary value of Zn is 3.69;
Step 5, according to step 4 determine catastrophe point, it is assumed that mutation the time before be nature period, it is described nature period be Period without the effect of human activity, and using nature period as base period, the mutation time is the period of the effect of human activity later;
The natural period of step 6, the annual rainfall and the variation of annual runoff rainfall runoff relation that are obtained according to step 5 analysis Data establish Rainfall Runoff Model, reconstruct annual flow using the Rainfall Runoff Model established further according to the annual rainfall data of all the period of time Amount data;
Step 7 is compared using the obtained annual runoff data of reconstruct and field data, analysis obtain climate change and The contribution rate that human activity influences streamflow change.
Wherein, data reconstruct and contribution rate calculating are realized using double mass curve method in step 6 and step 7:
Double cumulative curves have been widely used in hydrographic features consistency or long-term evolution tendency analysis, double cumulative curves It is exactly that the relation line in the phase same time between the continuous accumulated value of two variables is being drawn in rectangular coordinate system, in step 5 Mutation the time before be used as base period, establish the rainfall runoff linear regression model (LRM) of accumulated value, with building regression model and All the period of time year precipitation data calculates the run-off of effect of human activity phase, the i.e. reconstruct of run-off time series, with field data Comparison in difference is carried out, contribution rate is calculated.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, being specifically implemented according to the following steps by taking the hydrometric station Wudinghe River Catchment Bai Jiachuan as an example:
Step 1, basic data is collected first:
(1), the data on flows day by day of the hydrometric station Wudinghe River Catchment control station Bai Jiachuan 1963~2005 years, and be calculated every The annual runoff in year, data come from the Yellow River Water Year Book;
(2), basin and its near zone Ding Jiagou, Suide, Zhao Shipan, Hengshan Mountain, hall city, Zhao's stone kiln, pacify the border region, Qing Yangcha, Ma Huyu, Korea Spro family's loess hills, the Daily rainfall amount data of rainfall website 1963~2005 years of Meng Jiawan, Li Jiahe 12, it is flat according to arithmetic The annual face rainfall in basin is calculated in equal method;
Step 2, it according to hydrological statistics principle, is examined by nonparametric Andrei Kolmogorov-Si meter Nuo Fu, it is normal using the hydrology Four kinds of probability distribution exponential distributions (EXP), Geng Beier distribution (GUM), gamma distribution (GAM), the distribution of three type of Pearson came (PE3) probability distribution inspection is carried out to Wudinghe River annual rainfall and annual runoff, by AIC criterion determine basin annual rainfall and The theoretical optimum probability distribution form of annual runoff, the theoretical optimum probability of Wudinghe River Catchment annual rainfall are distributed as Pearson came three The theoretical optimum probability distribution of type distribution, Wudinghe River Catchment annual runoff is also distributed for three type of Pearson came;
Step 3, the theoretical cumulative distribution for calculating separately basin annual rainfall and annual runoff by R language lmom packet is general Rate, then annual rainfall is calculated using the theoretical cumulative distribution probability of basin annual rainfall and annual runoff by R language CDVine packet Three kinds of Copula functions such as Clayton copula, Frank copula, Gumbel copula of amount and annual runoff water sand Theory joint cumulative distribution probability, finally calculates AIC, selects theory of the optimal Copula function as description rainfall runoff relation Two-dimentional Optimal Distribution function;
Step 4, the construction that Copula function likelihood ratio statistics are realized by R Programming with Pascal Language, according to λ in Document system amount From 7~(n-6), the likelihood ratio statistics time sequence that the optimal two-dimentional Joint Distribution of rainfall runoff relation is calculated in program is run Column, such as Fig. 1, the statistic time series and more than 3.69;
Step 5, the mutation time for determining rainfall runoff relation is 1974, and 1963~1974 years are nature period, as Base period, 1975~2005 years periods for the effect of human activity;
Step 6, the annual rainfall that 1963~1974 years are nature period is obtained according to double mass curve method and step 5 analysis Cumulant linear regression model (LRM) is established with annual runoff rainfall runoff relation data, is reconstructed further according to the annual rainfall data of all the period of time Annual runoff data;
Step 7, the difference of the annual flow data and field data that are obtained using reconstruct, analysis obtains climate change and people comes The contribution rate that activity influences streamflow change, if Fig. 2 is that Wudinghe River Catchment streamflow change classification, Reasons contribution rate calculated result is shown It is intended to, from figure 2 it can be seen that the relationship between Wudinghe River Catchment rainfall and runoff mutated in 1974, is mutated the time Rainfall runoff relation has good consistency before, and linear fit degree is preferable, illustrates that mankind's activity changes runoff relationship Substantially without influence, rainfall runoff relation does not have consistency after being mutated the time, and people carrys out the movable contribution to runoff relationship variation Rate reaches 112.9%, has leading position, and climate change only has -12.9% to the contribution rate that runoff relationship changes, to sum up illustrates The production of the current Wudinghe River Catchment mankind and the influence lived to river flow are more violent.
The method of a kind of non-linear quick diagnosis of Basin Rainfall runoff relationship of the present invention and classification, Reasons, can be quick and precisely It is diagnosed to be the catastrophe point of rainfall runoff and carries out classification, Reasons and calculate the contribution of climate change and mankind's activity to runoff influence Rate provides scientific basis for basin water resources matching and ecological construction.

Claims (7)

1.一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,具体按照以下步骤实施:1. a method for non-linear rapid diagnosis and attribution analysis of rainfall-runoff relationship in a river basin, is characterized in that, is specifically implemented according to the following steps: 步骤1、确定研究流域,收集研究流域控制水文站年径流量与流域雨量站的年降雨量数据;Step 1. Determine the study watershed, and collect the annual runoff data of the study watershed control hydrological station and the annual rainfall data of the watershed rainfall station; 步骤2、根据水文统计原理,确定流域年降雨量和年径流量的最优理论概率分布函数;Step 2. According to the principle of hydrological statistics, determine the optimal theoretical probability distribution function of annual rainfall and annual runoff in the basin; 步骤3、使用阿基米德家族Copula函数建立年降雨量和年径流量水沙关系的理论最优二维联合分布函数;Step 3. Use the Copula function of the Archimedes family to establish the theoretical optimal two-dimensional joint distribution function of the relationship between annual rainfall and annual runoff, water and sediment; 步骤4、构建降雨径流关系的理论最优二维联合分布的似然比统计量,根据建立的似然比统计量计算样本的似然比统计值,并根据似然比统计量的边界阈值确定突变点;Step 4. Construct the likelihood ratio statistic of the theoretical optimal two-dimensional joint distribution of rainfall-runoff relationship, calculate the likelihood ratio statistic value of the sample according to the established likelihood ratio statistic, and determine according to the boundary threshold of the likelihood ratio statistic Discontinuity; 步骤5、根据步骤4确定的突变点,假设突变年份之前为自然时期,所述自然时期为无人类活动影响的时期,并将自然时期作为基准期,突变年份之后为人类活动影响的时期;Step 5. According to the mutation point determined in step 4, it is assumed that before the mutation year is a natural period, the natural period is a period without the influence of human activities, and the natural period is used as a reference period, and the period after the mutation year is a period affected by human activities; 步骤6、根据步骤5分析得到的年降雨量和年径流量降雨径流关系变化的自然时期数据建立降雨径流模型,再根据全时段的年降雨数据利用建立的降雨径流模型重构年径流量资料;Step 6. Establish a rainfall-runoff model according to the natural period data of the relationship between annual rainfall and annual runoff obtained from the analysis in step 5, and then reconstruct the annual runoff data by using the established rainfall-runoff model according to the annual rainfall data of the whole period; 步骤7、利用重构得到的年径流量资料和实测资料进行对比,分析得到气候变化和人为活动对径流变化影响的贡献率。Step 7. Use the reconstructed annual runoff data to compare with the measured data, and analyze the contribution rate of climate change and human activities to the runoff change. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1具体按照以下步骤实施:2. the method for nonlinear rapid diagnosis and attribution analysis of a river basin rainfall-runoff relationship according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 1 is specifically implemented according to the following steps: 步骤1.1、先确定某个流域的控制水文站为研究站点,然后收集该站点连续若干年每日流量数据,并计算得到每年的年径流量;Step 1.1. First determine the control hydrological station of a certain watershed as the research station, then collect the daily flow data of the station for several consecutive years, and calculate the annual annual runoff; 步骤1.2、选择流域及其附近区域若干个雨量站点连续若干年每日降水量数据,根据算术平均法计算得到流域每年的面降雨量。Step 1.2. Select the daily precipitation data of several rainfall stations in the watershed and its surrounding areas for several consecutive years, and calculate the annual surface rainfall of the watershed according to the arithmetic mean method. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2为:3. the method for non-linear rapid diagnosis and attribution analysis of a river basin rainfall-runoff relationship according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 2 is: 根据水文统计原理,通过非参数柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验,使用水文常用的四种概率分布指数分布EXP、耿贝尔分布GUM、伽马分布GAM、皮尔逊三型分布PE3对所述步骤1中的年降雨量和年径流量进行概率分布函数检验,通过AIC准则确定流域年降雨量和年径流量的理论最优概率分布函数。According to the principle of hydrological statistics, through the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Sminov test, four commonly used probability distributions in hydrology are used: Exponential distribution EXP, Gumbel distribution GUM, Gamma distribution GAM, Pearson three-type distribution PE3 pair The probability distribution function is tested for the annual rainfall and annual runoff in the step 1, and the theoretical optimal probability distribution function of the annual rainfall and annual runoff in the basin is determined by the AIC criterion. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中流域年降雨量和年径流量的4种理论概率分布函数的参数估计使用线性矩法分别进行估计,计算公式如下:4. the method for nonlinear rapid diagnosis and attribution analysis of a river basin rainfall-runoff relationship according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described step 2, 4 kinds of theoretical probability distribution functions of annual rainfall and annual runoff of the basin The parameter estimates of are estimated separately using the linear moment method, and the calculation formula is as follows: 设X为实值总体,分布函数为F(x)=P(X≤x),且存在反函数x=G(F),G(F)又称为分位函数,对于样本x1,...,xn,记顺序统计量:x1:n≤x2:n,....,≤xn:nLet X be a real-valued population, the distribution function is F(x)=P(X≤x), and there is an inverse function x=G(F), G(F) is also called the quantile function, for the sample x 1 , . .., x n , note order statistics: x 1:n ≤x 2:n ,....,≤x n:n , Hosking的r阶线性矩估计量如下:Hosking's order r linear moment estimator is as follows: 其中: in: 式中:r为线性矩阶数,n为样本个数。In the formula: r is the linear moment order, and n is the number of samples. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中流域年降雨量和年径流量的最优理论概率分布函数使用非参数柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验和AIC准则,计算公式如下:5. The method for nonlinear rapid diagnosis and attribution analysis of rainfall-runoff relationship in a watershed according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the optimal theoretical probability distribution function of annual rainfall and annual runoff in the watershed Using the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Sminov test and the AIC criterion, the formula is as follows: 设Sn(x)是随机样本观察值的累积概率分布函数,即经验分布函数,样本量为n;Fo(x)是一个特定的累积概率分布函数,即理论分布函数,定义D=|Sn(x)-Fo(x)|,如果对于每个x值,Sn(x)与Fo(x)接近,则表明经验分布函数与理论分布函数的拟合程度很高,有理由认为样本数据来自服从该理论分布的总体;Let Sn(x) be the cumulative probability distribution function of random sample observations, that is, the empirical distribution function, and the sample size is n; Fo(x) is a specific cumulative probability distribution function, that is, the theoretical distribution function, defined D = |Sn( x)-Fo(x)|, if Sn(x) is close to Fo(x) for each x value, it indicates that the empirical distribution function fits well with the theoretical distribution function, and it is reasonable to think that the sample data comes from obeying the population of the theoretical distribution; K-S检验的是绝对值D=|Sn(x)-Fo(x)|中最大的偏差,即使用如下的统计量做检验:The K-S test is the largest deviation in the absolute value D=|Sn(x)-Fo(x)|, that is, the following statistics are used for the test: Dmax=max|Sn(x)-Fo(x)|;D max =max|Sn(x)-Fo(x)|; AIC信息准则计算公式如下:The formula for calculating the AIC information criterion is as follows: AIC=2k-2ln(L)。AIC=2k-2ln(L). 6.根据权利要求3所述的一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4计算方法如下:6. the method for nonlinear rapid diagnosis and attribution analysis of a kind of rainfall-runoff relationship in a river basin according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described step 4 calculation method is as follows: Copula函数似然比检验方法,它通过测量Copula参数变化检测多变量水文系列相关结构的变化点,该方法似然比统计量的对数形式如下:Copula function likelihood ratio test method, which detects the change point of multivariate hydrological series correlation structure by measuring the change of Copula parameter. The logarithmic form of the likelihood ratio statistic of this method is as follows: 在变点λ未知的条件下变换为:Under the condition that the change point λ is unknown, it can be transformed into: 式中,n为样本个数,Λλ考为Copula函数似然比统计量,λ为突变点在数据序列中的位置,η1为突变点之前的样本子序列建立的Copula联合分布函数的参数,其中包含突变点本身,为η1的估计值,η2为突变点之后的样本子序列建立的Copula联合分布函数的参数,为η2的估计值,η0为样本序列建立的Copula联合分布函数的参数,为η0的估计值,在5%的显著性水平下取统计量Zn的边界值,即统计量大于边界值时拒绝原假设,联合分布相关结构存在突变点。In the formula, n is the number of samples, Λ λ is the likelihood ratio statistic of the Copula function, λ is the position of the mutation point in the data sequence, η 1 is the parameter of the Copula joint distribution function established by the sample subsequence before the mutation point , which contains the mutation point itself, is the estimated value of η 1 , η 2 is the parameter of the Copula joint distribution function established by the sample subsequence after the mutation point, is the estimated value of η 2 , η 0 is the parameter of the Copula joint distribution function established by the sample sequence, is the estimated value of η 0 , and the boundary value of the statistic Zn is taken at the 5% significance level, that is, the null hypothesis is rejected when the statistic is greater than the boundary value, and there is a mutation point in the correlation structure of the joint distribution. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种流域降雨径流关系非线性快速诊断及归因分析的方法,其特征在于,所述Zn的边界值为3.69。7 . The method for rapid nonlinear diagnosis and attribution analysis of rainfall-runoff relationship in a watershed according to claim 6 , wherein the boundary value of Zn is 3.69. 8 .
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