CN109540626B - Research device for preparing and separating micro-plastic in water body - Google Patents

Research device for preparing and separating micro-plastic in water body Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109540626B
CN109540626B CN201811594428.8A CN201811594428A CN109540626B CN 109540626 B CN109540626 B CN 109540626B CN 201811594428 A CN201811594428 A CN 201811594428A CN 109540626 B CN109540626 B CN 109540626B
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box
membrane
micro
transparent square
sample preparation
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CN109540626A (en
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黄宝铨
林玮
钱庆荣
陈庆华
肖荔人
罗富彬
曹长林
成惠斌
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Fujian Normal University
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Fujian Normal University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q

Abstract

The invention discloses a research device for preparing and separating micro-plastics in a water body, which comprises a sample preparation box, a xenon lamp, an anti-aging lampshade, four fan blades, a material inlet box, a collection box, a membrane support, a nano-filtration membrane, a micro-filtration membrane, a common filtration membrane, a transparent square water inlet pipe and a transparent square water outlet pipe, wherein the sample preparation box is a closed box body, the xenon lamp and the anti-aging lampshade are arranged above the inside of the box body, the material inlet box is arranged above the outside of the box body, the four fan blades are arranged at the bottom of the box body, the collection box is connected with the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe and can be detachably cleaned, the membrane support is respectively arranged in the collection box in three layers and can be moved and taken out conveniently, and the nano-filtration membrane, the micro. The device can simulate the aging phenomenon of bulk plastics or textile fabrics in the water body to form the micro-plastics, and the research device is easy to prepare the micro-plastics, simple to operate, high in efficiency and reusable.

Description

Research device for preparing and separating micro-plastic in water body
Technical Field
The invention relates to a research device for preparing separation and micro-plastic, in particular to a research method for preparing and separating micro-plastic in a water body.
Background
Micro-plastics are an emerging environmental problem in recent years, and have attracted wide attention from various fields. The micro plastic is plastic particles with the diameter less than 5 millimeters, and is one of the main influence factors causing water body pollution. Because of the small volume of the micro plastic, the micro plastic is easy to enter organisms in water and cause harm, nowadays, the distribution area of the micro plastic is distributed all over the corners of the earth, from the area of the near bank estuary to the ocean, from the equatorial sea area to the north and south poles, from the surface layer of the ocean to the ultra-deep yuyuan zone of the ocean, people find the trace of the micro plastic, the micro plastic is widely existed in the water areas all over the world, the existence of the micro plastic is found in various organisms, and people probably eat polluted aquatic products without knowing.
According to statistics, 1000-2000 million tons of plastic garbage enter the ocean every year in the world, and over time, the plastic garbage is aged and crushed into countless micro plastics which exist in a water body and can exist for hundreds of years. How to rapidly degrade plastics in water to make the plastics become micro plastics is convenient for researching the characteristics of the plastics and relieving the environmental pressure, and a processing method is purposefully provided, which is a problem that researchers should think.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a research device capable of quickly preparing micro-plastic in a water body.
Another object of the invention is to isolate the microplastics to make them easy to study.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a research device for preparing and separating micro-plastic in water sequentially comprises a sample preparation box, a xenon lamp, an anti-aging lampshade, four fan blades, a material inlet box, a transparent square water inlet pipe, a collection box and a transparent square water outlet pipe, wherein the material inlet box comprises a solid sample inlet, a powder sample inlet and a mixed sample inlet, and the collection box comprises a membrane support, a nanofiltration membrane, a microfiltration membrane and a common filtration membrane; the device is characterized in that the sample preparation box is a closed box body, the xenon lamp and the anti-aging lampshade are arranged above the interior of the box body, the xenon lamp is used for simulating solar illumination, the anti-aging lampshade is covered outside the xenon lamp, the feeding box is arranged above the outer surface of the box body, a solid sample can be added into the sample preparation box from a solid sample inlet of the feeding box, powder can be added into the sample preparation box from a powder sample inlet of the feeding box, and a mixture can be added into the sample preparation box from a mixed sample inlet of the feeding box; four flabellums set up in the bottom half, and four flabellums can circular telegram rotation be used for simulating unrestrained impact of water, collect the box on even transparent square inlet tube, connect transparent square outlet pipe down, can dismantle the washing, collect the box by last to be equipped with three draw-in groove according to the preface equidistant down, three membrane holder can arrange in the draw-in groove of collecting the three equidistant of box inside respectively, portable convenience takes out, receive filter membrane, micro-filtration membrane, ordinary filter membrane can arrange in respectively and collect on the three membrane holder of box inside, be convenient for separate the micro-plastic.
All be equipped with the draw-in groove about system appearance incasement portion, xenon lamp and anti-aging lamp shade are arranged box inside top inboard in through the draw-in groove, four flabellums can stably arrange the bottom half in and can the circular telegram rotation through the draw-in groove.
A feeding box comprising a solid sample inlet, a powder sample inlet and a mixed sample inlet is arranged above the surface of the sample preparation box through a clamping groove.
The sample preparation box is provided with an interface below, the upper part of the transparent square water inlet pipe can be connected with the sample preparation box, and the lower part of the transparent square water inlet pipe is connected with the collection box.
The collecting box is internally provided with three clamping grooves at equal intervals, the three membrane supports can be respectively arranged in the clamping grooves, a nanofiltration membrane with the aperture of 1nm, a microfiltration membrane with the aperture of 0.1-10 mu m and a common filtration membrane are respectively arranged in the membrane supports, and the collecting box is externally connected with the transparent square water outlet pipe.
The sample preparation box, the material inlet box, the fan blades, the collection box and the membrane support are made of stainless steel, and the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe are made of plastic materials.
The research device for preparing and separating the micro-plastic in the water body is used for the research method for preparing and separating the micro-plastic, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pure water is injected to 3/4 height of the sample preparation box, four fan blades are opened simultaneously to rotate, water wave impact is simulated, the sample preparation box is washed and washed for three times, and the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe are opened to facilitate water outflow;
(2) closing the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe, conveying the large plastic or textile into the sample preparation box through the solid sample inlet, simultaneously turning on the xenon lamp to simulate the sun illumination, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the radiation intensity at 340nm at 0.51W/m2The time is 180 min;
(3) after the illumination time is up, installing a nanofiltration membrane with the aperture of 1nm on a membrane support, installing the membrane support above a collection box, sequentially placing a microfiltration membrane and a common filtration membrane with the aperture of 0.1-10 mu m on the membrane support, sequentially installing the microfiltration membrane and the common filtration membrane into the collection box, and opening a transparent square water inlet pipe and a transparent square water outlet pipe;
(4) and (4) taking down the three membrane supports, taking out the membranes inside, storing at room temperature, taking the membranes to a laboratory, and carrying out next treatment.
Compared with the prior art: the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the process of aging large plastic or textile fabrics to form micro plastic in the water body can be simulated; (2) the prepared micro plastic is easy to obtain and analyze; (3) convenient operation, high efficiency and repeated use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made briefly to the accompanying drawings, which are used in the embodiments and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing a micro-plastic;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed cassette used in the present invention, which includes a solid inlet, a powder inlet, and a mixing inlet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of four fan blades used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a collection cassette used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a membrane holder used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
As shown in the attached drawing, the invention provides a research device for preparing and separating micro-plastics in a water body, which sequentially comprises a sample preparation box 1, a xenon lamp 2, an anti-aging lampshade 3, four fan blades 4, a feeding box 5, a transparent square water inlet pipe 9, a collecting box 10 and a transparent square water outlet pipe 15, wherein the feeding box 5 comprises a solid sample inlet 6, a powder sample inlet 7 and a mixed sample inlet 8, and the collecting box 10 comprises a membrane bracket 14, a nanofiltration membrane 11, a microfiltration membrane 12 and a common filtration membrane 13. Its characterized in that, system appearance case 1 is inclosed box, the inside top of box is arranged in to xenon lamp 2 and anti-aging lamp shade 3, and anti-aging lamp shade 3 covers in 2 outsides of xenon lamp, feed box 5 installs in box surface top, and four flabellums 4 set up in the bottom half, collect the box 10 and go up even transparent square inlet tube 9, connect transparent square outlet pipe 15 down, can dismantle the washing, collect the box 10 by last to be equipped with three draw-in groove according to the preface equidistant, three membrane support 14 is arranged in respectively and is collected the inside three equidistant draw-in groove of box, and portable convenient taking out, receive on filter membrane 11, micro-filtration membrane 12, ordinary filter membrane 13 arrange in three equidistant membrane support 14 respectively, be convenient for separate the micro-plastic.
All be equipped with the draw-in groove about system appearance 1 is inside, xenon lamp 2 and anti-aging lamp shade 3 place the inside top inboard in the box through the draw-in groove, four flabellums 4 can stabilize with the bottom half through the draw-in groove, and four flabellums 4 can the circular telegram rotation.
The system appearance case 1 is placed including solid introduction port 6, powder introduction port 7, the feeding box 5 of mixed introduction port 8 through the draw-in groove in the surface top, and solid sample (like bulk plastics or fabric etc.) can be added into system appearance case 1 from the solid introduction port 6 of feeding box 5, and the powder can be added into system appearance case 1 from the powder introduction port 7 of feeding box 5, and the mixture then can be added into system appearance case 1 from the mixed introduction port 8 of feeding box 5.
The lower part of the sample preparation box 1 is connected with the upper part of a transparent square water inlet pipe 9 through a port, and the lower part of the transparent square water inlet pipe 9 is connected with the collection box 10.
The collecting box 10 is internally provided with three clamping grooves at equal intervals, the membrane support 14 can be placed in the clamping grooves, a nanofiltration membrane with the aperture size of 1nm, a microfiltration membrane with the aperture size of 0.1-10 mu m and a common filtration membrane are placed in the three membrane support 14, and the collecting box 10 is externally connected with the transparent square water outlet pipe 15.
The system appearance case 1, feed box 5, flabellum 4, collect box 10, membrane support 14 all belong to stainless steel, transparent square inlet tube and transparent square outlet pipe all belong to the plastics material.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
(1) in the embodiment, 3/4 of the sample preparation box 1 is filled with pure water, the four fan blades 4 are opened simultaneously to rotate to simulate the water wave impact, the sample preparation box 1 is washed and repeatedly washed for three times, and the transparent square water inlet pipe 9 and the transparent square water outlet pipe 15 are opened to facilitate the water to flow out;
(2) in the embodiment, the transparent square water inlet pipe 9 and the transparent square water outlet pipe 15 are closed, a large piece of plastic or textile fabric enters the sample preparation box 1 through the solid sample inlet 6, the xenon lamp 2 is turned on at the same time to simulate the solar illumination, the set temperature is 60 ℃, and the radiation intensity is 0.51W/m at the position of 340nm2The time is 180 min;
(3) in the embodiment, after the time comes, a nanofiltration membrane 11 with the aperture of 1nm is installed on a membrane support 14, the membrane support is arranged above a collection box 10, a microfiltration membrane 12 (with the aperture of 0.1-10 μm) and a common filtration membrane 13 are sequentially arranged on the membrane support 14 and are sequentially arranged in the collection box 10, and a transparent square water inlet pipe 9 and a transparent square water outlet pipe 15 are opened;
(4) in this embodiment, the three membrane holders 14 are removed, the membranes inside are removed, stored at room temperature, and taken to a laboratory for further processing.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the sample preparation box 1, the material inlet box 5, the fan blades 4, the collecting box 10, and the membrane holder 14 are all made of stainless steel.

Claims (7)

1. A research device for preparing and separating micro-plastic in water sequentially comprises a sample preparation box, a xenon lamp, an anti-aging lampshade, four fan blades, a material inlet box, a transparent square water inlet pipe, a collection box and a transparent square water outlet pipe, wherein the material inlet box comprises a solid sample inlet, a powder sample inlet and a mixed sample inlet, and the collection box comprises a membrane support, a nanofiltration membrane, a microfiltration membrane and a common filtration membrane; the device is characterized in that the sample preparation box is a closed box body, the xenon lamp and the anti-aging lampshade are arranged above the interior of the box body, the xenon lamp is used for simulating solar illumination, the anti-aging lampshade is covered outside the xenon lamp, the feeding box is arranged above the outer surface of the box body, a solid sample can be added into the sample preparation box from a solid sample inlet of the feeding box, powder can be added into the sample preparation box from a powder sample inlet of the feeding box, and a mixture can be added into the sample preparation box from a mixed sample inlet of the feeding box; four flabellums set up in the bottom half, and four flabellums can circular telegram rotation be used for simulating unrestrained impact of water, collect the box on even transparent square inlet tube, connect transparent square outlet pipe down, can dismantle the washing, collect the box by last to be equipped with three draw-in groove according to the preface equidistant down, three membrane holder can arrange in the draw-in groove of collecting the three equidistant of box inside respectively, portable convenience takes out, receive filter membrane, micro-filtration membrane, ordinary filter membrane can arrange in respectively and collect on the three membrane holder of box inside, be convenient for separate the micro-plastic.
2. The device for researching preparation and separation of micro-plastics in water according to claim 1, wherein the sample preparation box is provided with a slot at the upper and lower parts, the xenon lamp and the anti-aging lampshade are arranged at the upper inner side of the box body through the slot, and the four fan blades can be stably arranged at the bottom of the box body through the slot and can be electrified and rotated.
3. The device for researching preparation and separation of micro-plastics in water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein a feeding box comprising a solid sample inlet, a powder sample inlet and a mixed sample inlet is disposed above the surface of the sample preparation box through a clamping groove.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample preparation box has a connector at its lower part for connecting the upper part of the transparent square water inlet pipe with the sample preparation box and the lower part with the collection box.
5. The device for researching preparation and separation of the micro-plastics in the water body according to claim 1, characterized in that three clamping grooves with equal intervals are arranged in the collection box, the three membrane supports can be respectively placed in the clamping grooves, a nanofiltration membrane with the aperture of 1nm, a microfiltration membrane with the aperture of 0.1-10 μm and a common filtration membrane are respectively placed in the membrane supports, and the collection box is externally connected with the transparent square water outlet pipe.
6. The research device for preparing and separating the micro-plastic in the water body according to claim 1, wherein the sample preparation box, the material inlet box, the fan blades, the collection box and the membrane support are made of stainless steel, and the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe are made of plastic.
7. An investigation apparatus for the preparation and separation of micro-plastics in a body of water as claimed in any of claims 1-6, for the preparation and separation of micro-plastics or textiles, comprising the steps of:
(1) pure water is injected to 3/4 height of the sample preparation box, four fan blades are opened simultaneously to rotate, water wave impact is simulated, the sample preparation box is washed and washed for three times, and the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe are opened to facilitate water outflow;
(2) closing the transparent square water inlet pipe and the transparent square water outlet pipe, conveying the large plastic or textile into the sample preparation box through the solid sample inlet, simultaneously turning on the xenon lamp to simulate the sun illumination, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the radiation intensity at 340nm at 0.51W/m2The time is 180 min;
(3) after the illumination time is up, installing a nanofiltration membrane with the aperture of 1nm on a membrane support, installing the membrane support above a collection box, sequentially placing a microfiltration membrane and a common filtration membrane with the aperture of 0.1-10 mu m on the membrane support, sequentially installing the microfiltration membrane and the common filtration membrane into the collection box, and opening a transparent square water inlet pipe and a transparent square water outlet pipe;
(4) and (4) taking down the three membrane supports, taking out the membranes inside, storing at room temperature, taking the membranes to a laboratory, and carrying out next treatment.
CN201811594428.8A 2018-12-25 2018-12-25 Research device for preparing and separating micro-plastic in water body Active CN109540626B (en)

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