CN109540461B - Wind load simulation test device and test method based on magnetic attraction force - Google Patents
Wind load simulation test device and test method based on magnetic attraction force Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind load simulation test device and a test method based on magnetic attraction, wherein the wind load simulation test device comprises an electromagnet wind power simulation system, a nearly cuboid building model and a laser displacement measurement device, the electromagnet wind power simulation system is used for generating magnetic attraction, the laser displacement measurement device is used for measuring displacement data of the end part of the building model, the electromagnet wind power simulation system, the building model and the laser displacement measurement device are positioned on the same straight line, the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the laser displacement measurement device are respectively arranged on two sides of the building model, and a plurality of iron wires are arranged in each floor slab in the building model. The method can rapidly and accurately measure the limit wind load born by the building model, and meanwhile, the test device is not damaged when the building model is damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind load simulation test device and a test method, in particular to a near-cuboid building surface wind load simulation test device and a test method based on magnetic attraction.
Background
For high-rise buildings and super high-rise buildings, the wind load received by the high-rise buildings and super high-rise buildings is remarkable. At present, the effect of the structure under the action of wind load is clarified by wind tunnel test and structure calculation, including displacement, internal force and the like. However, for the wind tunnel test at the present stage, the rigid body model test can only measure the whole wind load and the local wind load on the surface of the structure, the aeroelastic model test can only obtain the displacement of the structure, and the whole damage process of the structure under the wind load cannot be reproduced. In the wind tunnel test, if the structural model breaks and breaks, the broken pieces fly away in the wind tunnel and can be involved in the fan, so that the fan is damaged. Therefore, the wind tunnel test cannot perform destructive tests, and therefore the destructive process of the structure under wind load cannot be reproduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wind load simulation test device and a test method based on magnetic attraction, which can rapidly and accurately measure the limit wind load born by a building model and can not damage the test device when the building model is damaged.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
wind load analogue test device based on magnetic attraction, its characterized in that: the device comprises an electromagnet wind power simulation system, a building model of a nearly cuboid and a laser displacement measuring device, wherein the electromagnet wind power simulation system is used for generating magnetic attraction, the laser displacement measuring device is used for measuring displacement data of the end part of the building model, the electromagnet wind power simulation system, the building model and the laser displacement measuring device are positioned on the same straight line, the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the laser displacement measuring device are respectively arranged on two sides of the building model, and a plurality of iron wires are arranged in each floor slab in the building model.
The horizontal distance adjusting device is arranged on the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model, and the horizontal distance between the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model is adjustable.
The horizontal distance adjusting device adopts an insulating guide rail, an electromagnet insulating slide block and a building model insulating slide block are respectively arranged on the insulating guide rail in a sliding mode, the electromagnet is fixed on the electromagnet insulating slide block through an electromagnet plastic fixing support, and the building model is fixed on the building model insulating slide block through a building model plastic fixing support.
The electromagnet wind power simulation system comprises an electromagnet, a direct current power supply, a precision ammeter, a resistance changing box, a switch and a sliding rheostat, wherein a first binding post of the sliding rheostat is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply, a second binding post of the sliding rheostat is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through the switch, and a sliding contact, the precision ammeter, the resistance changing box and a coil of the electromagnet of the sliding rheostat are connected in series and then connected with the second binding post of the sliding rheostat.
A plurality of copper wires are arranged in each floor except the top floor in the building model.
The building model is an n-layer building model made of mortar and provided with n layers of floorslabs, k iron wires are arranged in the highest layer of floorslab, and the t layer of floorslab is provided withA root iron wire, n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the t-th floor is internally provided with +.>The n is more than 1, and t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the iron wires and the copper wires are mutually parallel and uniformly arranged in the floor at intervals.
The laser displacement measuring device adopts a laser displacement meter, and the height of a measuring point of the laser displacement meter is consistent with the height of the top end of the building model.
A test method of a wind load simulation test device based on the magnetic attraction force as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a: conducting wire arrangement is carried out in a floor slab of the building model close to the cuboid;
defining building model 1 as nearly cuboid with four sides, building model 1 as n layers, having n layers of floorslab (bottom layer is fixed and not counted as floorslab), setting k iron wires in the highest layer of floorslab, and setting t layer of floorslabA root iron wire, n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the t-th floor is internally provided with +.>The n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and a plurality of iron wires and copper wires are mutually parallel and uniformly arranged in the floor at intervals;
b: arranging a building model with the arranged lead wires in a building model insulating sliding block on an insulating guide rail;
c: arranging an electromagnet in the electromagnet wind power simulation system on an electromagnet insulation sliding block on an insulation guide rail, and enabling the electromagnet to be positioned on the left side of the building model; then connecting an electromagnet power supply circuit, connecting a first binding post of the sliding rheostat with the positive electrode of a direct current power supply, connecting a second binding post of the sliding rheostat with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through a switch, connecting a sliding contact of the sliding rheostat, a precision ammeter, a resistance changing box and coils of the electromagnet in series, and then connecting the sliding contact, the precision ammeter, the resistance changing box and the coils of the electromagnet with the second binding post of the sliding rheostat;
d: installing a laser displacement meter on the right side of the building model, enabling the height of a measuring point of the laser displacement meter to be consistent with the height of the top end of the building model, and ensuring that the electromagnet, the building model and the laser displacement meter are positioned on the same straight line;
e: respectively adjusting the resistance values of the slide rheostat and the resistance changing box to enable the building model to generate displacement change, and recording the current I passing through the electromagnet coil at the corresponding moment by using a precise current meter n And record the displacement w of the building model at the corresponding moment by using a laser displacement meter n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then multiple groups of data I n And w n Fitting to a graph yields a straight line w=i (X) =ki, followed by increasing the current I through the electromagnet coil n And calculating the simulated wind power when the building model is damaged according to the current I when the building model is damaged and the measured displacement w when the building model is damaged until the building model is damaged.
The step E comprises the following steps:
e1: adjusting the sliding rheostat to enable the current passing through the electromagnet coil to be in a safe current range;
e2: opening the laser displacement meter and adjusting the resistance changing box, and recording the number I of the precise ammeter when the building model generates observable displacement due to the magnetic attraction generated by the electromagnet 1 And indication w of laser displacement meter 1 ；
E3: the resistance changing box is adjusted to enable the current passing through the electromagnet coil to be increased; then when the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet causes the building model to generate observable displacement, the indication I of the precise ammeter is recorded 2 And indication w of laser displacement meter 2 ；
E4: repeating the above test steps until the buildingThe model is destroyed to obtain a plurality of groups of data I n And w n ；
E5: multiple groups of data I n And w n And integrating the linear relationship with the current I to calculate the corresponding relationship between the current I and the average wind speed v, and calculating the average wind speed at the standard height when the building model is damaged when the building model 1 is in the elastic stage.
The step E5 comprises the following steps:
step E5 (1): it is known that even in the same region, the average wind speed is different due to different heights, and according to analysis of actual measurement results, the rule of the average wind speed along the height change can be described by an exponential function, namely:
wherein v is the average wind speed at any point, v s For standard wind speed, i.e. average wind speed at standard altitude, z is the altitude at any point, z s For standard height, the basic wind pressure in most countries is specified to be z s =10m; alpha is a coefficient related to the topography or the roughness of the ground;
step E5 (2): the formula of the average wind speed v and the wind pressure q is obtained by the Bernoulli equation:
wherein q is wind pressure, which is equivalent to nearly uniform load, gamma is gravity of unit volume of air, g is gravity acceleration;
the wind pressure q obtained at this time is the surface wind pressure, because the actual building is nearly cuboid, and windward side and leeward side all receive wind load, this wind load does not change along width direction, has apparent difference along the direction of height, so can change this surface load into the line load along the direction of height change, obtain the line wind pressure q (z) of z height through the formula:
q(z)＝q×b×C D formula (3);
wherein b is the width of the actual building, C D Taking a resistance coefficient as a resistance coefficient, and taking 1.0 for a vertical plane body resistance coefficient;
step E5 (3): combining the formula (1) with the formulas (2) and (3), the line wind pressure at the z height is obtained as follows:
step E5 (4): in the elastic stage of the actual building, the end displacement W and the end load q (h) have a linear relation, the proportionality coefficient of the end displacement W and the end load q (h) is assumed to be m, namely W=q (h) multiplied by m, the end load q (h) at the h height is obtained by a formula (4), under the condition of determining a building model and the end load q (h), the end displacement W is obtained through basic mechanical calculation, and since the end displacement W and the end load q (h) are determined, the m is calculated through the ratio of the end displacement W to the end load q (h); thereby obtaining the end displacement W and the standard wind speed v in the actual building s Is defined by the relation:
W＝v s ×f 1 (b,C D α, m) equation (5);
meanwhile, w=ki is known, and the actual end displacement is W, where w=λ×w, which is converted to the actual building size, and the scale is λ;
then, the current I and the standard wind speed v in the actual building can be obtained by combining the formula (5) s The relation of (2) is:
kI＝λv s ×f 1 (b,C D ,α,m)；
finally, the standard height z when the building model is destroyed is calculated s Standard wind speed v s 。
The invention simulates wind load by utilizing the magnetic attraction force generated by the electrified conductor to the iron, and can accurately simulate the wind power born by an actual building because the magnetic attraction force born by the building model is uniformly distributed, rapidly and accurately measure the limit wind load born by the building model, and simultaneously, the traditional wind tunnel test device cannot be damaged when the building model is damaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind load simulation test device based on magnetic attraction force in the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
as shown in FIG. 1, the wind load simulation test device based on magnetic attraction force comprises an electromagnet wind power simulation system, a nearly cuboid building model 1 and a laser displacement measuring device 2, wherein the electromagnet wind power simulation system is used for generating magnetic attraction force, the laser displacement measuring device 2 is used for measuring displacement data of the end part of the building model 1, the electromagnet wind power simulation system, the building model 1 and the laser displacement measuring device 2 are positioned on the same straight line, and the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the laser displacement measuring device 2 are respectively arranged on two sides of the building model 1.
The building model 1 is used for simulating a real building, a floor slab (comprising a floor slab body and beams arranged on the floor slab body) and supporting columns are arranged in the building model 1, and a plurality of iron wires are arranged in each floor slab and each supporting column in the building model 1 and used for simulating the floor slab (comprising the floor slab body and the beams arranged on the floor slab body) and the reinforcing steel bars in the supporting columns in the real building. The floor in the building model 1 and the iron wires arranged in the supporting columns can be subjected to magnetic attraction force under the action of the electromagnet wind power simulation system, and the magnetic attraction force is sequentially reduced from top to bottom along the height direction of the building model and is approximately distributed along the height with wind load born by the building structure.
In order to quickly and accurately adjust the horizontal distance between the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model 1 so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the magnetic attraction force exerted on the iron wires arranged on the inner surface of the vertical face of the building model 1, the invention is also provided with a horizontal distance adjusting device 3, the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model 1 are arranged on the horizontal distance adjusting device 3, and the horizontal distance between the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model 1 is adjustable. The horizontal distance adjusting device 3 adopts an insulating guide rail so as to avoid the influence of the electromagnet wind power simulation system on the horizontal adjusting device and improve the accuracy of test results. The insulating guide rail is respectively provided with an electromagnet 4 insulating slide block and a building model 1 insulating slide block in a sliding manner, the electromagnet 4 is fixed on the electromagnet 4 insulating slide block through an electromagnet 4 plastic fixing support, and the building model 1 is fixed on the building model 1 insulating slide block through a building model 1 plastic fixing support.
In this embodiment, the electromagnet wind power simulation system includes an electromagnet 4, a dc power supply U, a precision ammeter G, a resistance changing box R2, a switch and a sliding rheostat R1, where a first terminal of the sliding rheostat R1 is connected to the positive pole of the dc power supply U, and a second terminal of the sliding rheostat R1 is connected to the negative pole of the dc power supply U through a switch K, and a sliding contact of the sliding rheostat R1, the precision ammeter G, the resistance changing box R2 and a coil of the electromagnet 4 are connected in series and then connected to the second terminal of the sliding rheostat R1. In the scheme, the electromagnet 4 and the direct-current power supply U are connected by adopting a shunt method, so that the current passing through the electromagnet coil is conveniently regulated through the sliding rheostat R1, the current is in a safe range, damage to electric elements and equipment in a circuit is avoided, the current passing through the electromagnet coil can be accurately and freely regulated by utilizing the rheostat R2, the electromagnet 4 can generate the current required by a test, and the test is convenient to accurately and efficiently carry out.
In order to ensure the stability of the building model 1, a plurality of copper wires are arranged in each floor except the top floor in the building model 1. The building model 1 can be made of mortar, the mortar is used for simulating concrete in a building, the building model 1 is n layers and is provided with n layers of floors (the bottom layer is fixed and not counted as the floor), k iron wires are arranged in the highest layer of floors, and the t layer of floors is provided withA root iron wire, n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the t-th floor is internally provided with +.>And n is more than 1, and t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n. The iron wires and the copper wires are mutually parallel and uniformly arranged in the floor at intervals.
In this embodiment, it is assumed that the building model 1 has 5 floors, and has 5 floors (the bottom floor is not fixed as a floor), and 120 iron wires are provided on the bottom floor of the 5 floors, i.e., n=5, k=120; then, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 iron wires are sequentially arranged in the 5-layer floor slab from bottom to top, and 60, 45, 30, 15 and 0 copper wires are sequentially arranged in the 5-layer floor slab from bottom to top.
Because in a real environment, the wind pressure born by the top layer of the building is twice that born by the bottom, and the wind pressure born by the building is a gradual process along with the difference of heights. The special building model 1 and the arrangement of the iron wires and the copper wires in the floor slab thereof can ensure the stability of the building model 1, so that the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet 4 is used as external load to generate a distribution force to act on the building model 1; but also more accurately simulate the condition that the wind pressure born by the high-rise building in the real environment is continuously increased along with the increase of the self-body height so as to ensure the test precision and the accuracy of the test result. In this embodiment, 8 iron wires are provided in each support column in the building model 1 for simulating the reinforcing bars in the support columns in an actual building.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the end displacement data of the building model 1 detected by the laser displacement measuring device 2, in the invention, the laser displacement measuring device 2 adopts a laser displacement meter, and the height of a measuring point of the laser displacement meter is consistent with the height of the top end of the building model 1, namely the height of laser emitted by the laser displacement meter is consistent with the height of the top end of the building model 1.
The test method by using the wind load simulation test device based on the magnetic attraction force comprises the following steps:
a: conducting wire arrangement is carried out in the floor slab of the building model 1 which is nearly cuboid;
defining the building model 1 as a nearly cuboid with four sides, the building model 1 is n layers and is provided with n layers of floors (the bottom layer is fixed and not counted as the floor), k iron wires are arranged in the highest layer of floors, and the t th layerThe floor slab is internally provided withA root iron wire, n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the t-th floor is internally provided with +.>The n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and a plurality of iron wires and copper wires are mutually parallel and uniformly arranged in the floor at intervals;
the special building model 1 and the arrangement of the iron wires and the copper wires in the floor slab thereof can ensure the stability of the building model 1, so that the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet 4 is used as external load to generate a distribution force to act on the building model 1; but also more accurately simulate the condition that the wind pressure born by the high-rise building in the real environment is continuously increased along with the increase of the self-body height so as to ensure the test precision and the test result accuracy.
B: arranging the building model 1 with the wire arrangement completed in an insulating sliding block of the building model 1 on an insulating guide rail; the building model 1 can be fixed on the insulating sliding block of the building model 1 through the plastic fixing support of the building model 1, so that the influence of the electromagnet wind power simulation system on the building model is avoided, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.
C: an electromagnet 4 in the electromagnet wind power simulation system is arranged on an electromagnet 4 insulation sliding block on an insulation guide rail, and the electromagnet 4 is positioned on the left side of the building model 1; and then the power supply circuit of the electromagnet 4 is connected, the first binding post of the sliding rheostat R1 is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply U, the second binding post of the sliding rheostat R1 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply U through a switch, and the sliding contact of the sliding rheostat R1, the precision ammeter G, the resistance changing box R2 and the coil of the electromagnet 4 are connected in series and then connected with the second binding post of the sliding rheostat R1.
In the scheme, the electromagnet 4 and the direct-current power supply U are connected by adopting a shunt method, so that the current passing through the electromagnet coil is conveniently regulated through the sliding rheostat R1, the current is in a safe range, damage to electric elements and equipment in a circuit is avoided, the current passing through the electromagnet coil can be accurately and freely regulated by utilizing the rheostat R2, the electromagnet 4 can generate the current required by a test, and the test is convenient to accurately and efficiently carry out.
D: installing a laser displacement meter on the right side of the building model 1, enabling the height of a measuring point of the laser displacement meter to be consistent with the height of the top end of the building model 1, and ensuring that the electromagnet 4, the building model 1 and the laser displacement meter are positioned on the same straight line;
e: the resistance values of the slide rheostat R1 and the rheostat box R2 are respectively adjusted to enable the building model 1 to generate displacement change, and a precise ammeter G is utilized to record the current I passing through the electromagnet coil at corresponding moments n And record the displacement w of the building model 1 at the corresponding moment by using a laser displacement meter n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then multiple groups of data I n And w n Fitting to a graph yields a straight line w=i (X) =ki, followed by increasing the current I through the electromagnet coil n Until the building model 1 is destroyed, the magnitude of the simulated wind force when the building model 1 is destroyed is calculated from the current I when the building model 1 is destroyed and the measured displacement w when the building model 1 is destroyed.
The step E comprises the following steps:
e1: adjusting the sliding rheostat R1 to enable the current passing through the electromagnet coil to be in a safe current range;
e2: opening the laser displacement meter and adjusting the resistance changing box R2, and recording the indication I of the precise ammeter G when the building model 1 generates observable displacement due to the magnetic attraction generated by the electromagnet 4 1 And indication w of laser displacement meter 1 ；
E3: the resistance changing box R2 is regulated to enable the current passing through the electromagnet coil to be increased; then, when the building model 1 generates observable displacement due to the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet 4, the indication I of the precise ammeter G is recorded 2 And indication w of laser displacement meter 2 ；
E4: repeating the above test steps until the building model 1 is destroyed to obtain multiple groups of data I n And w n ；
E5: multiple groups of data I n And w n Fitting to a graph to obtain a straight line w=i (X) =ki, and buildingWhen the model 1 is in the elastic stage, the linear relation between the displacement w and the current I is measured, and the corresponding relation between the current I and the average wind speed v is calculated according to the linear relation, and the corresponding relation between the current I and the average wind speed v is calculated as follows:
step E5 (1): it is known that even in the same region, the average wind speed is different due to different heights, and according to analysis of actual measurement results, the rule of the average wind speed along the height change can be described by an exponential function, namely:
wherein v is the average wind speed at any point, v s For standard wind speed, i.e. average wind speed at standard altitude, z is the altitude at any point, z s For standard height, the basic wind pressure in most countries is specified to be z s =10m; alpha is a coefficient related to the topography or the roughness of the ground; according to building structure load specification GB50009-2012, dividing the roughness grade of the national land landform into four classes, wherein class A refers to offshore sea surfaces, islands, coasts, lakes, deserts and the like, and the roughness index is 0.12; class B refers to suburban areas of small and medium towns and large cities with sparse open fields, villages, jungles, hills and houses, and the roughness index is 0.16; class C refers to urban areas with dense building groups, with a roughness index of 0.22; class D refers to metropolitan areas with dense buildings and large numbers of high-rise buildings, with a roughness index of 0.3.
Step E5 (2): the formula of the average wind speed v and the wind pressure q can be obtained by the Bernoulli equation:
wherein q is wind pressure, which is equivalent to nearly uniform load, gamma is gravity of unit volume of air, and g is gravity acceleration.
The wind pressure q obtained at this time is the surface wind pressure, because the actual building is nearly cuboid, and windward side and leeward side all receive wind load, this wind load does not change along width direction, has apparent difference along the direction of height, so can change this surface load into the line load along the direction of height change, simplify calculation procedure, to obtain the line wind pressure q (z) of z height, need through the formula:
q(z)＝q×b×C D formula (3);
wherein b is the width of the actual building, C D Taking a resistance coefficient as a resistance coefficient, and taking 1.0 for a vertical plane body resistance coefficient;
step E5 (3): combining equation (1) with equations (2) and (3), the line wind pressure at z height can be obtained as:
step E5 (4): in the case of a material which is elastic and plastic and has uneven distribution load, the end displacement W must have a certain linear relation with the end load in the elastic stage, and assuming that the proportionality coefficient is m, that is, w=q (h) ×m, where m is related to the elastic modulus E and the height h of the building model material, the end load q (h) at the height h can be obtained by the formula (4), and under the condition of determining the building model 1 and the end load, the end displacement W can be directly obtained by the mechanical calculation of the foundation, and since the end displacement W and the end load q (h) can be determined, m can be calculated by the ratio of the end displacement W and the end load q (h); thereby obtaining the end displacement W and the standard wind speed v in the actual building s Is defined by the relation:
W＝v s ×f 1 (b,C D α, m) equation (5);
meanwhile, we know that w=ki, converted to the actual building size, the actual end displacement is W, where λ×w is the scale λ
Then, the current I and the standard wind speed v in the actual building can be obtained by combining the formula (5) s The relation of (2) is:
kI＝λv s ×f 1 (b,C D ,α,m)；
finally, the standard height z when the building model 1 is destroyed is calculated s Standard wind speed v s 。
Claims (8)
1. Wind load analogue test device based on magnetic attraction, its characterized in that: the device comprises an electromagnet wind power simulation system, a nearly cuboid building model and a laser displacement measuring device, wherein the electromagnet wind power simulation system is used for generating magnetic attraction, the laser displacement measuring device is used for measuring displacement data of the end part of the building model, the electromagnet wind power simulation system, the building model and the laser displacement measuring device are positioned on the same straight line, the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the laser displacement measuring device are respectively arranged on two sides of the building model, and a plurality of iron wires are arranged in each floor slab in the building model;
each floor except the top floor in the building model is internally provided with a plurality of copper wires;
the building model is an n-layer building model made of mortar and provided with n layers of floorslabs, k iron wires are arranged in the highest layer of floorslab, and the t layer of floorslab is provided withA root iron wire, n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the t-th floor is internally provided with +.>The n is more than 1, and t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the iron wires and the copper wires are mutually parallel and uniformly arranged in the floor at intervals.
2. The wind load simulation test device based on magnetic attraction force according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal distance adjusting device is arranged on the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model, and the horizontal distance between the electromagnet wind power simulation system and the building model is adjustable.
3. The wind load simulation test device based on magnetic attraction force according to claim 2, wherein: the horizontal distance adjusting device adopts an insulating guide rail, an electromagnet insulating slide block and a building model insulating slide block are respectively arranged on the insulating guide rail in a sliding mode, the electromagnet is fixed on the electromagnet insulating slide block through an electromagnet plastic fixing support, and the building model is fixed on the building model insulating slide block through a building model plastic fixing support.
4. The wind load simulation test device based on magnetic attraction force according to claim 2, wherein: the electromagnet wind power simulation system comprises an electromagnet, a direct current power supply, a precision ammeter, a resistance changing box, a switch and a sliding rheostat, wherein a first binding post of the sliding rheostat is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply, a second binding post of the sliding rheostat is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through the switch, and a sliding contact, the precision ammeter, the resistance changing box and a coil of the electromagnet of the sliding rheostat are connected in series and then connected with the second binding post of the sliding rheostat.
5. The wind load simulation test device based on magnetic attraction force according to claim 4, wherein: the laser displacement measuring device adopts a laser displacement meter, and the height of a measuring point of the laser displacement meter is consistent with the height of the top end of the building model.
6. A test method of a wind load simulation test device based on the magnetic attraction force as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a: conducting wire arrangement is carried out in a floor slab of the building model close to the cuboid;
defining building model 1 as a nearly cuboid with four sides, building model 1 as n layers with n layers of floors, setting k iron wires in the highest floor, and setting t layer of floorsA root iron wire, n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the t-th floor is internally provided with +.>The n is more than 1, t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and a plurality of iron wires and copper wires are mutually parallel and uniformly arranged in the floor at intervals;
b: arranging a building model with the arranged lead wires in a building model insulating sliding block on an insulating guide rail;
c: arranging an electromagnet in the electromagnet wind power simulation system on an electromagnet insulation sliding block on an insulation guide rail, and enabling the electromagnet to be positioned on the left side of the building model; then connecting an electromagnet power supply circuit, connecting a first binding post of the sliding rheostat with the positive electrode of a direct current power supply, connecting a second binding post of the sliding rheostat with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through a switch, connecting a sliding contact of the sliding rheostat, a precision ammeter, a resistance changing box and coils of the electromagnet in series, and then connecting the sliding contact, the precision ammeter, the resistance changing box and the coils of the electromagnet with the second binding post of the sliding rheostat;
d: installing a laser displacement meter on the right side of the building model, enabling the height of a measuring point of the laser displacement meter to be consistent with the height of the top end of the building model, and ensuring that the electromagnet, the building model and the laser displacement meter are positioned on the same straight line;
e: respectively adjusting the resistance values of the slide rheostat and the resistance changing box to enable the building model to generate displacement change, and recording the current I passing through the electromagnet coil at the corresponding moment by using a precise current meter n And record the displacement w of the building model at the corresponding moment by using a laser displacement meter n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then multiple groups of data I n And w n Fitting to a graph yields a straight line w=i (X) =ki, followed by increasing the current I through the electromagnet coil n And calculating the simulated wind power when the building model is damaged according to the current I when the building model is damaged and the measured displacement w when the building model is damaged until the building model is damaged.
7. The method of testing a near-rectangular parallelepiped building surface wind load simulation test apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said step E comprises the steps of:
e1: adjusting the sliding rheostat to enable the current passing through the electromagnet coil to be in a safe current range;
e2: opening the laser displacement meter and adjusting the resistance changing box, and recording the number I of the precise ammeter when the building model generates observable displacement due to the magnetic attraction generated by the electromagnet 1 And indication w of laser displacement meter 1 ；
E3: the resistance changing box is adjusted to enable the current passing through the electromagnet coil to be increased; then when the magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet causes the building model to generate observable displacement, the indication I of the precise ammeter is recorded 2 And indication w of laser displacement meter 2 ；
E4: repeating the above test steps until the building model is destroyed to obtain multiple groups of data I n And w n ；
E5: multiple groups of data I n And w n And integrating the linear relationship with the current I to calculate the corresponding relationship between the current I and the average wind speed v, and calculating the standard wind speed at the standard height when the building model is damaged.
8. The method of testing a near-rectangular parallelepiped building surface wind load simulation test apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said step E5 comprises the steps of:
step E5 (1): it is known that even in the same region, the average wind speed is different due to different heights, and according to analysis of actual measurement results, the rule of the average wind speed along the height change can be described by an exponential function, namely:
wherein v is the average wind speed at any point, v s For standard wind speed, i.e. average wind speed at standard altitude, z is the altitude at any point, z s For standard height, the basic wind pressure in most countries is specified to be z s =10m; alpha is a coefficient related to the topography or the roughness of the ground；
Step E5 (2): the formula of the average wind speed v and the wind pressure q is obtained by the Bernoulli equation:
wherein q is wind pressure, which is equivalent to nearly uniform load, gamma is gravity of unit volume of air, g is gravity acceleration;
the wind pressure q obtained at this time is the surface wind pressure, because the actual building is nearly cuboid, and windward side and leeward side all receive wind load, this wind load does not change along width direction, has apparent difference along the direction of height, so can change this surface load into the line load along the direction of height change, obtain the line wind pressure q (z) of z height through the formula:
q(z)＝q×b×C D formula (3);
wherein b is the width of the actual building, C D Taking a resistance coefficient as a resistance coefficient, and taking 1.0 for a vertical plane body resistance coefficient;
step E5 (3): combining the formula (1) with the formulas (2) and (3), the line wind pressure at the z height is obtained as follows:
step E5 (4): in the elastic stage of the actual building, the end displacement W and the end load qh have a linear relation, the proportionality coefficient of the end displacement W and the end load qh is assumed to be m, namely W=q (h) multiplied by m, the end load q (h) at the h height is obtained by a formula (4), under the condition of determining a building model and the end load q (h), the end displacement W is obtained through the mechanical calculation of a foundation, and since the end displacement W and the end load q (h) are determined, the m is calculated through the ratio of the end displacement W to the end load q (h); thereby obtaining the end displacement W and the standard wind speed v in the actual building s Is defined by the relation:
W＝v s ×f 1 (b，C D α, m) equation (5);
meanwhile, w=ki is known, and the actual end displacement is W, where w=λ×w, which is converted to the actual building size, and the scale is λ;
then, the current I and the standard wind speed v in the actual building can be obtained by combining the formula (5) s The relation of (2) is:
kI＝λv s ×f 1 (b,C D ,α,m)；
finally, the standard height z when the building model is destroyed is calculated s Standard wind speed v s 。
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