CN109539602A - A kind of house heat collection heat-extraction system based on sky radiation and solar energy heating - Google Patents
A kind of house heat collection heat-extraction system based on sky radiation and solar energy heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109539602A CN109539602A CN201811178984.7A CN201811178984A CN109539602A CN 109539602 A CN109539602 A CN 109539602A CN 201811178984 A CN201811178984 A CN 201811178984A CN 109539602 A CN109539602 A CN 109539602A
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
- F25B23/003—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect using selective radiation effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The house heat collection heat-extraction system based on sky radiation and solar energy heating that the invention discloses a kind of, belong to building energy conservation and field of renewable energy resource utilization, it has economic benefits and social benefits sizing phase change plate, sky radiation cooler and the solar thermal collector of economic benefits and social benefits sizing phase-change working substance and capillary by setting, correspondence work using heat-carrying cycle fluid in capillary in summer and winter effectively realizes summer whole day to indoor cooling supply and winter whole day to the temperature adjustment process of indoor heating.House heat collection heat-extraction system of the invention, its setting structure is simple, and control is easy, and maintenance, the difficulty of maintenance are smaller, it is applied widely, " heating " process at summer day, " cooling supply " process at night and daytime in winter, night can be realized simultaneously, reduced the use of summer " refrigeration equipment " and winter " heating equipment ", effectively improved the temperature environment of summer and winter architecture indoor, it is energy saving, energy consumption is reduced, the energy conservation and environmental protection of building is realized, has good promotion and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building energy conservation and renewable energy utilization, and particularly relates to a house heat collection and extraction system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the requirements of people on the indoor environment of buildings are higher and higher, the proportion of energy consumption of heating and air conditioning in the total operation energy consumption of the buildings is higher, and the proportion of energy consumption of the buildings in the social terminal energy consumption is higher and is often more than 30%; in the energy consumption division of the building, more than 40% of energy consumption is often needed to create a comfortable hot and humid environment in the building. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption of the building while achieving a good hot and humid environment in the building room has become an important issue of research today.
At present, the phase change technology is widely applied to building walls to realize energy conservation and consumption reduction of the walls. However, in the prior art, a mode of coupling a single phase-change material with a building envelope structure is mostly adopted, and a conventional method is to make the single phase-change material into a shaped plate and then compound the shaped plate with a building outer wall to form a single-layer shaped phase-change outer wall, or to respectively lay two single shaped phase-change plates with different phase-change temperatures on the outer wall surface and the inner wall surface of a common outer wall to form a sandwich type phase-change outer wall and the like. Although the structure can play a role in reducing building energy consumption and improving indoor environment to a certain extent, the phase-change wall structure is usually subjected to passive heat insulation, the energy-saving effect in winter is slightly better than that in summer, but the overall effect is very limited, mainly because the conventional phase-change wall only depends on passive heat dissipation/heat storage to reduce energy consumption, heat accumulated in the phase-change material cannot be effectively discharged outdoors in summer, and heat cannot be timely and efficiently obtained and accumulated outdoors in winter. Therefore, although the conventional phase-change wall adopting the passive heat insulation technology can reduce the peak load of cooling/heating, the energy-saving effect is very limited.
In the prior art, researchers have conducted numerous studies on active heat insulation of a building wall, and certain research results have been obtained, for example, in the prior patent application CN 201711329949.6 of the present applicant, a wall automatic heat collection and heat extraction system and a method for realizing wall heat collection and heat extraction by using the same are proposed, in which a radiation plate assembly is disposed on an outer wall of a wall, an embedded pipe is vertically disposed in the wall, a closed cavity structure with adjustable vacuum degree is disposed in the radiation plate assembly and contains a circulating working medium therein, and a working medium circulating pipeline is disposed to communicate the radiation plate assembly and the embedded pipe, so as to form a closed circulating working medium circulating passage, and heat collection or heat extraction of the wall is completed by the change of physical state of the circulating working medium and the circulation of the circulating working medium. Although the system can realize the function of reducing the energy consumption of the building to a certain extent, the system can adjust the indoor hot and humid environment of the building and play a certain role in building energy conservation; however, after subsequent research and long-term application, researchers find that the heat collecting and removing system has certain defects, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. the heat collecting and heat discharging system cannot realize the function of supplying cold to a room in the daytime in summer and cannot realize the function of supplying heat to a house at night in winter, so that the use function of the system is limited;
2. the heat collecting and heat exhausting processes of the heat collecting and heat exhausting system are usually only acted on an upper-layer room or a lower-layer room, if heat collecting and heat exhausting are needed to be realized simultaneously by an upper layer and a lower layer, an upper set of heat collecting and heat exhausting system and a lower set of heat collecting and heat exhausting system are usually needed to be arranged corresponding to one room, so that the arrangement cost of the heat collecting and heat exhausting system is greatly increased, and the lighting in a building room is influenced;
3. the pipe body structure of the heat collecting and heat removing system is arranged in a wall body, the pipeline is difficult to arrange, the pipeline is often required to be arranged during building construction or decoration, the difficulty in arrangement is high, certain limitations exist, the heat collecting and heat removing system is difficult to maintain and overhaul, and the arrangement cost of the system is indirectly increased;
4. the heat collecting and heat discharging systems are arranged on the outer wall and in the wall body, so that not only is the heat or cold energy transferred to the indoor by the wall body required to cause energy loss, but also the structural strength of the wall body is possibly influenced, the service life and the use safety of a building are influenced, and unnecessary loss is possibly caused;
5. the corresponding switching of multiple switch has been designed among the above-mentioned thermal-arrest heat extraction system, and the control of switch is loaded down with trivial details, and the setting of many places switch has also caused certain influence to the stability of system operation, in case there is the valve inefficacy or damage, just can influence the normal operating of system, and above-mentioned thermal-arrest heat extraction system in addition needs the inside vacuum of accurate control system, has higher requirement to the leakproofness of system architecture and the accuracy of control, leads to the problem that stability may appear in the application.
In view of the above reasons, the existing heat collecting and heat removing system has certain defects in structure, function and stability, cannot fully meet the requirements of energy conservation and consumption reduction of buildings, and has certain limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more of the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a house heat collection and heat extraction system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, which can simultaneously realize the process of cooling indoor in daytime and at night in summer and the process of heating indoor in daytime and at night in winter, effectively improve the indoor temperature environment of buildings in summer and winter, reduce the use of refrigeration equipment and heating equipment, save energy, reduce the energy consumption of the buildings and realize the energy conservation and environmental protection of the buildings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a house heat collection and extraction system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, which is characterized by comprising a double-effect shaping phase change flat plate arranged indoors, and a solar heat collector and a sky radiation cooler arranged outdoors; wherein,
a cavity capable of containing the double-effect shaping phase change working medium is arranged between the two plate surfaces of the double-effect shaping phase change plate, the double-effect shaping phase-change working medium is formed by uniformly mixing and shaping a low-temperature phase-change material with a lower phase-change temperature and a high-temperature phase-change material with a higher phase-change temperature, and a plurality of capillaries parallel to the two plate surfaces are arranged in the double-effect shaping phase-change working medium at intervals, the capillaries are mutually communicated, and a capillary network is formed between the two plate surfaces, and a first pipeline and a second pipeline are respectively arranged corresponding to the capillary network, the first pipeline is communicated with one end of the capillary network and is correspondingly provided with a circulating working medium pump, the second pipeline is communicated with the other end of the capillary network, so that the heat-carrying circulating working medium in the second pipeline can be pumped into the first pipeline through the capillary network;
the solar heat collector is used for providing heat for the heat-carrying circulating working medium flowing into the solar heat collector, the liquid inlet end of the solar heat collector is communicated with the first pipeline through a third pipeline, the liquid outlet end of the solar heat collector is correspondingly communicated with the second pipeline through a fourth pipeline, a first valve is correspondingly arranged on the third pipeline, and the connection or disconnection between the liquid inlet end of the solar heat collector and the first pipeline can be realized through the connection or disconnection of the first valve;
sky radiation cooler is used for to flow into wherein heat-carrying cycle fluid provides cold volume, and its inlet end passes through fifth pipeline intercommunication first pipeline, play liquid end passes through sixth pipeline intercommunication the second pipeline, promptly solar collector with the parallelly connected setting of sky radiation cooler, just the correspondence is provided with the second valve on the fifth pipeline, through the on/off of second valve can be realized sky radiation cooler inlet end with the intercommunication or the disconnection of second pipeline.
As a further development of the invention, the first valve is open in the winter and closed in the summer, and the second valve is open in the summer and closed in the winter.
As a further improvement of the invention, the phase transition temperature of the low-temperature phase change material is 16-20 ℃, and/or the phase transition temperature of the high-temperature phase change material is 26-30 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, the heat-carrying cycle working medium is water.
As a further improvement of the invention, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate is arranged on an indoor top plate or an indoor side wall.
As a further improvement of the invention, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate is arranged on an indoor top plate, and a heat insulation layer with a certain thickness is arranged between the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate and the top plate.
In a further improvement of the present invention, the capillaries are equidistant from the two plate surfaces, and the distance between two adjacent capillaries is equal, that is, the capillaries are arranged at equal intervals.
As a further improvement of the invention, the distance between the capillary tube and the plate surface is equal to two times of the diameter of the capillary tube, and/or the spacing distance between two adjacent capillary tubes is equal to four times of the diameter of the capillary tube.
As a further development of the invention, the solar collector and/or the sky radiant cooler are arranged on a roof.
As a further development of the invention, the solar collector operates only during the daytime in winter, and the sky radiant cooler operates all day in summer.
The above-described improved technical features may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention relates to a house heat collecting and heat discharging system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, which is provided with a double-effect shaping phase change flat plate, a sky radiation cooler and a solar heat collector, wherein a double-effect shaping phase change working medium formed by uniformly mixing and shaping a low-temperature phase change material and a high-temperature phase change material is arranged in the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate, and a plurality of mutually communicated capillary tubes are correspondingly arranged in the double-effect shaping phase change working medium, so that heat or cold is substituted into the double-effect shaping phase change working medium from a heat-carrying circulating working medium flowing through the capillary tubes, and the double-effect shaping phase change working medium is subjected to a corresponding phase change process, thereby changing the indoor temperature environment of a building, realizing the supply of cold to the indoor in summer all day and the supply of heat to the indoor in winter all day, respectively having comfortable temperature environments in summer, energy is saved, and energy conservation and environmental protection of buildings are realized;
(2) according to the house heat collection and heat extraction system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, a low-temperature phase change material with the phase change temperature of 16-20 ℃ and a high-temperature phase change material with the phase change temperature of 26-30 ℃ are preferably selected to be mixed and shaped to form the double-effect shaping phase change working medium, the phase change process of the phase change material is realized, the indoor temperature environment of a building in summer and winter is effectively combined, the continuous implementation of the phase change process of the phase change working medium in the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate is ensured, the continuous adjustment process of the indoor temperature environment is realized, the comfort of the indoor temperature environment is effectively ensured, the indoor and outdoor temperature characteristics in summer and winter are fully adapted, the cooling in summer and the heating in winter are correspondingly realized, the function is strong, and the effect is obvious;
(3) according to the house heat collecting and heat removing system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, the first valve and the second valve are respectively arranged corresponding to the solar heat collector and the sky radiation cooler, and cold or heat exchange in a heat-carrying circulating working medium can be realized by controlling the corresponding on/off of the first valve and the second valve, so that the house heat collecting and heat removing system is correspondingly suitable for working processes in summer and winter, and is simple to control and high in control accuracy;
(4) according to the house heat collecting and heat removing system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, the distance between the two plate surfaces of the capillary tube and the distance between the two adjacent capillary tubes are preferably set, so that the stabilizing effect of the capillary tube on the peripheral phase change material of the capillary tube is effectively realized, the stability and the uniformity of the phase change process of the phase change material in the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate are ensured, the service life of the phase change flat plate is prolonged, the uniform cooling or uniform heating of the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate to the interior of a building is realized, and the uniformity and the stability of indoor temperature environment regulation are improved;
(5) according to the house heat collecting and heat removing system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, the heat insulating layer is arranged between the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate and the wall body, so that heat exchange between the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate and the wall body can be effectively reduced, the loss of heat or cold is reduced, the indoor temperature regulation efficiency is ensured, energy is further saved, and energy consumption is reduced;
(6) according to the house heat collecting and heat removing system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection, the double-effect shaped phase change flat plates are correspondingly arranged on the indoor top plate, so that the system is simple to arrange and simple and convenient to maintain, not only can the occupation of the indoor available space be reduced to a certain extent, but also the pipeline is effectively prevented from being arranged in the building wall, the temperature environment is adjusted to directly act on the indoor environment without passing through the wall, the temperature adjusting efficiency is improved, the stability of the wall structure is ensured, and the loss of heat or cold in the indoor temperature adjusting process is reduced;
(7) the house heat collecting and heat discharging system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection has the advantages of simple structure, simplicity and convenience in control, small difficulty in maintenance and overhaul and wide application range, can realize the cold supply process in daytime and at night in summer and the heating process in daytime and at night in winter simultaneously, effectively improves the indoor temperature environment of buildings in summer and winter, reduces the use of refrigeration equipment in summer and heating equipment in winter, saves energy, reduces energy consumption, realizes energy conservation and environmental protection of buildings, and has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a house heat collecting and heat discharging system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion I of a sky radiant cooler of a heat collecting and removing system for a house according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion N of a heat collecting and heat removing system of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a double-effect shaping phase-change plate of a heat collecting and heat removing system of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a double-effect shaping phase-change plate of a heat collecting and heat removing system of a house in an embodiment of the invention;
in all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1. the double-effect shaping phase change plate comprises a double-effect shaping phase change plate 101, a plate surface 102, a double-effect shaping phase change working medium 103 and a capillary tube; 2. the heat insulation layer, 3, the top plate, 4, the heat-carrying circulating working medium, 5, the solar heat collector, 6, the sky radiation cooler, 601, the cooling film, 602, the metal plate wall, 603, the heat insulation material; 7. the side wall, 8 the circulation working medium pump, 9 the first valve, 10 the second valve, 11 the circulation pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic overall structure of a house heat collecting and heat removing system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes a double-effect shaped phase change flat plate 1 disposed on an indoor wall, and a solar heat collector 5 and a sky radiation cooler 6 disposed outdoors.
More specifically, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 in the preferred embodiment is of a plate structure, a closed accommodating space is formed between two plate surfaces 101 of the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate, and a double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 and a plurality of capillary tubes 103 are correspondingly arranged in the accommodating space; further, the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 in the preferred embodiment is formed by uniformly mixing two phase change materials with a certain difference in phase change temperature, and includes a low-temperature phase change material with a phase change temperature of 16-20 ℃ and a high-temperature phase change material with a phase change temperature of 26-30 ℃, and the two phase change materials are uniformly mixed and shaped, so that the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 can perform a corresponding phase change process in a corresponding temperature environment, and an indoor temperature environment adjusting process is completed. It should be noted that, after the low-temperature phase change material and the high-temperature phase change material are fully mixed and shaped, even if the phase change material is melted to a molten state, the phase change material does not flow in the plate body, and the stability of the circulation action of the two phase change materials is ensured.
In addition, the preferred embodiment adopts a double-effect shaping form of the low-temperature phase-change material and the high-temperature phase-change material, so that the requirements of cooling in summer and heating in winter are met, and the continuity of the cooling/heating process is realized. For example, when the selected phase change plate body is a single-effect phase change plate body, if the phase change temperature of the phase change plate body is low, in summer, the phase change material can be completely melted at the low temperature, although the heat of a part of rooms can be taken away, the heat taken away subsequently is very limited along with the rise of the room temperature, and the effect of adjusting the indoor temperature environment cannot be fully achieved; correspondingly, if the phase change plate body chooses for use the higher phase change material of phase transition temperature, on the one hand, daytime in summer, the time of phase change material work will shorten greatly, in the earlier stage of room indoor temperature intensification, the dull and stereotyped effect of phase transition is limited, only wait after the room temperature rises to phase transition temperature, phase change material just can take place the phase transition reaction that corresponds, lead to indoor temperature regulation effect not good, choose for use high temperature phase change material also can greatly influence the dull and stereotyped use in winter of phase transition moreover, influence heating process in winter.
Furthermore, the capillaries 103 in the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 are horizontally arranged in the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 at intervals, the capillaries 103 are communicated with each other, then the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 is introduced into each capillary 103, and the corresponding phase change material can be promoted to generate phase change reaction through the heat exchange between the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 and the capillaries 103, and between the capillaries 103 and the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102, so that the corresponding heat collection and heat extraction processes are realized, the adjustment of the indoor environment is correspondingly realized, and the indoor environment is improved.
Further preferably, the capillaries 103 in the preferred embodiment are arranged at equal intervals, as shown in fig. 5, the distances between the capillaries 103 and the two plate surfaces are equal, so as to ensure that the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 in the capillaries 103 can fully act on the double-effect shaping phase-change working medium 102 at the periphery of the capillaries 103, ensure the stability of heat exchange, form a stable temperature field in the plates, and ensure the normal use of the double-effect shaping phase-change flat plate 1; further preferably, the thickness of the double-effect shaping phase-change flat plate 1 is equal to 5 times the outer diameter of the capillary 103, as shown in fig. 4, wherein the distance between the capillary 103 and the plate surfaces on both sides is equal to two times of the pipe diameter, that is, the pipe diameter of the capillary is d, the distance between the capillary 103 and the plate surfaces on both sides is 2d, and the overall thickness of the double-effect shaping phase-change flat plate 1 is 5 d; furthermore, the interval between two adjacent capillaries 103 is equal to four times of the pipe diameter, namely 4d, so that the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 in the capillaries 103 can be fully acted with the double-effect shaping phase-change working medium 102 within the range of twice of the pipe diameter of the periphery of the capillaries, the action between the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 and the indoor environment or the floor 3 is reduced, and the stability of the double-effect shaping phase-change flat plate 1 is ensured.
Further, in the preferred embodiment, the capillaries 103 are horizontally arranged at intervals, connecting pipes with axes perpendicular to the axes of the capillaries 103 are respectively arranged at two ends of each capillary 103, and each capillary 103 is correspondingly communicated with the connecting pipes at the two ends, as shown in fig. 5, so as to realize the corresponding communication of each capillary 103; of course, the arrangement form of the capillary 103 between the two plate surfaces 101 is not limited to the above-mentioned form, and it may be preferred to be another arrangement form according to actual needs, that is, the capillary 103 may be set at unequal intervals, and the distance between the capillary 103 and the two plate surfaces may also be set at unequal forms, for example, the distance between the capillary 103 and the plate surface 101 on the side close to the wall surface is greater than the distance between the capillary 103 and the plate surface 101 on the other side, so that the phase change material on the side close to the indoor space can fully react, the heat exchange in the phase change process can fully act on the indoor space of the building, which can be preferred according to actual needs, and the capillary structure may also be set as a "wave" structure that is continuously bent in a plane, which can be realized by using related technical.
Further, in the preferred embodiment, a heat insulating layer 2 is disposed corresponding to the double-effect shaped phase change plate 1, and has a heat insulating effect, in general, before the double-effect shaped phase change plate 1 is disposed, a heat insulating layer 2 may be disposed on the wall, and then the double-effect shaped phase change plate 1 is disposed corresponding to the heat insulating layer 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, so that the double-effect shaped phase change plate 1 is separated from the wall by the heat insulating layer 2, thereby reducing heat exchange between the double-effect shaped phase change plate 1 and the wall, reducing energy loss, ensuring that the double-effect shaped phase change plate 1 can fully act on the indoor space, and improving the adjusting effect of the double-effect shaped phase change plate on the indoor temperature.
Further preferably, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 in the preferred embodiment is arranged on an indoor top plate 3, namely after the heat insulation layer 2 is arranged on the top plate 3, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 is fastened with the heat insulation layer 2 and the top plate 3; obviously, the arrangement of the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 does not need to greatly adjust the wall body of an original building and change the structure of the original wall body, so that the arrangement efficiency of the phase change flat plate 1 can be effectively improved, the stability of the wall body structure can be ensured, and the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 is arranged on the top plate 3, so that the plane size in a building room cannot be influenced, and the use space in the building room is not occupied to a certain extent; certainly, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 can also be arranged on the indoor side wall 7 according to actual needs, and the heat-insulating layer 2 can also be correspondingly arranged between the side wall 7 and the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1, so that the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate can be optimally arranged according to actual needs, and further description is omitted here.
Furthermore, the solar heat collector 5 and the sky radiation cooler 6 which are connected in parallel are arranged corresponding to the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 arranged indoors, generally, the two structures can be arranged on the roof of a building, the solar heat collector 5 and the sky radiation cooler 6 are ensured not to occupy the use space and the outer wall space of the building, the attractiveness of the building and the normal lighting in the building are ensured, and one solar heat collector 5 and/or one sky radiation cooler 6 can be correspondingly communicated with the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 in one room or simultaneously communicated with a plurality of double-effect shaping phase change flat plates 1 in a plurality of rooms; further, in the preferred embodiment, the solar heat collector 5 and the sky radiant cooler 6 are arranged on the roof of the building, and the two devices are communicated with the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 through a circulating pipeline 11.
Further, the circulation pipeline 11 in the preferred embodiment includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline, one end of the first pipeline is communicated with the capillary 103 on one side of the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1, correspondingly, one end of the second pipeline is communicated with the capillary 103 on the other side of the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1, that is, the first pipeline and the second pipeline are correspondingly communicated through a plurality of capillaries 103; furthermore, a circulating working medium pump 8 is arranged on the first pipeline and used for realizing the continuous flow of the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 in the circulating pipeline, the liquid inlet ends of the solar heat collector 5 and the sky radiation cooler 6 are respectively communicated with the first pipeline through pipelines, a first valve 9, namely a winter valve, is arranged on the pipeline of the solar heat collector 5 communicated with the first pipeline, and a second valve 10, namely a summer valve, is arranged on the pipeline of the sky radiation cooler 6 communicated with the first pipeline; then the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 can be respectively pumped into the solar heat collector 5 or the sky radiation cooler 6 under the action of the circulating working medium pump 8; further, the liquid outlet ends of the solar heat collector 5 and the sky radiation cooler 6 are respectively communicated with a second pipeline through pipelines, so as to form a closed circulation pipeline, as shown in fig. 1, so that the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 can circularly flow in the capillary 103 in the double-effect shaped phase change flat plate 1, the solar heat collector 5 or the sky radiation cooler 6, and thus the heat collection and heat extraction functions of the circulation system are completed.
Further preferably, the sky radiant cooler 6 in the preferred embodiment is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and it is generally horizontally disposed or disposed at an inclined angle, so that one side end of its main body in a plate-like structure faces upwards, the other side end faces downwards, a cavity structure for heat carrying cycle fluid 4 to pass through is reserved between two metal plate walls 602, and preferably, a cooling film 601 is disposed on the metal plate wall 602 disposed upwards to improve the cooling efficiency of the heat carrying cycle fluid 4; further preferably, the heat insulating material 603 is arranged on the metal plate walls 602 arranged downward of the sky radiant cooler 6 to reduce the loss of cold energy of the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 between the two metal plate walls 602, and the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 can fully absorb sky long-wave radiation to reduce the temperature when passing through the cavity structure between the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end, and then flows to the second pipeline and the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 from the liquid outlet end.
Correspondingly, the solar heat collector 5 in the preferred embodiment is as shown in fig. 1, and includes a liquid inlet end and a liquid outlet end which are respectively communicated with the first pipeline and the second pipeline, and a plurality of pipelines for heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 to pass through are arranged between the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end, and when the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 passes through the pipelines, the heat-carrying circulating working medium can fully absorb solar radiation to heat up, and then flows to the second pipeline from the liquid outlet end and the double-effect shaping phase-change flat plate 1. Further preferably, the heat insulating material 603 is correspondingly disposed on the outer periphery of the circulation pipeline 11 in the preferred embodiment, so as to ensure that the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 in the circulation pipeline 11 can sufficiently transfer cold or heat, and improve the operation effect and stability of the system.
Through the setting, can correspond the indoor house thermal-arrest heat extraction system that sets up of building, utilize it to carry out automatic cooling or automatic heat supply's process as follows:
in summer, the first valve 9 is closed, the second valve 10 is opened, the solar heat collector 5 does not work, and the sky radiation cooler 6 runs all day long;
in the daytime:
initially, the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 is in a solid state form, along with the gradual rise of the indoor temperature, the low-temperature phase change material reaches the phase change temperature at first and starts to be melted into a molten state, a part of indoor heat is absorbed in the process, and the absorbed heat is initially stored in the low-temperature phase change material; with the further increase of the temperature, the high-temperature phase-change material starts to melt, further absorbs the heat in the chamber, and reduces the temperature in the chamber.
Further, with the rise of indoor temperature, two phase change materials in the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 are melted into a molten state, the sky radiation cooler 6 and the circulation pipeline 11 are always operated, and the heat-carrying circulation working medium 4 flowing through the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 absorbs cold energy generated by sky long wave radiation in the sky radiation cooler 6, and has a temperature lower than that of the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 on the periphery of the capillary tube 103, so that the phase change working medium on the periphery of the capillary tube 103 is solidified to a certain extent, and during solidification, the high-temperature phase change material preferentially absorbs the cold energy in the capillary tube 103 to be solidified, and the low-temperature phase change material on the periphery of the capillary tube 103 is also solidified to a certain extent; however, because the indoor temperature is high, the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 close to the indoor side is in a molten state, because the indoor heat is more, the molten phase change working medium can continuously extend towards the condensed phase change working medium, so that the condensed phase change working medium absorbs heat to be melted, the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 in the capillary tube 103 can continuously solidify the phase change working medium on the periphery of the capillary tube 103, and then the phase change working medium on the periphery of the capillary tube 103 continuously repeats the switching between the 'solidification state' and the 'melting state', so that the indoor heat can be continuously taken away, that is, the adjustment process of the indoor temperature environment is completed, and the 'cooling process' from summer to the building indoor in daytime is realized.
At night:
because the indoor and outdoor temperatures are high in the daytime, most of the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 in the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 is melted and is in a molten state, correspondingly, at night in summer, more cold energy is absorbed by the sky radiation cooler 6, the temperature of the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 passing through the sky radiation cooler 6 is greatly reduced, and the cold energy introduced into the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 by the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 is far greater than that transmitted in the daytime; at this time, the phase change working medium on the periphery of the capillary tube 103 absorbs the cold energy in the capillary tube 103 to gradually solidify, which is equivalent to storing the cold energy in the heat-carrying cycle working medium 4 in the phase change working medium, thereby realizing the process of cold accumulation.
If the indoor temperature at night is higher, the phase change working medium close to the indoor side and the phase change working medium close to the capillary 103 side can also be switched between a solidification state and a melting state to a certain degree, and the indoor heat is continuously taken away, because the outdoor heat at night is greatly reduced compared with the daytime, the indoor heat source is greatly reduced, and in addition, the cold quantity introduced by the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 through the sky radiation cooler 6 at night is greatly increased compared with the daytime. Therefore, at night, the solidification trend of the double-effect shaping phase change working medium 102 is greater than the melting trend, and the double-effect shaping phase change working medium finally tends to be in a full or mostly solidified state (the phase change working medium close to the indoor side may be partially in a molten state and mostly is a low-temperature phase change working medium), so that the cold energy in the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 is stored and used for supplying cold to the indoor space in the daytime.
In summary, the heat collecting and heat discharging system in the preferred embodiment of the invention can effectively complete the process of respectively supplying cold to the building indoor in summer day and summer night, so as to realize the regulation of the indoor temperature environment, reduce the use of indoor air conditioners, fans and other equipment, and reduce energy consumption. According to research data, the solar radiation intensity is often larger than 900W/m in summer and daytime2At this time, the cooling effect of the sky radiation cooler 6 can reach 93W/m2Above, the cooling effect at night can reach 140W/m2Above, the average cooling effect in the whole day is more than 110W/m2Therefore, a large amount of cold can be introduced into the room through the sky radiant cooler 6 and a large amount of heat can be taken away from the room, which is particularly noticeable in summer and at night.
In winter, the first valve 9 is opened, the second valve 10 is closed, the sky radiation cooler 6 does not work, and the solar heat collector 5 operates in daytime;
in the daytime:
the indoor temperature of the building is low at night in winter, the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 releases heat to the indoor, most or all of two phase change materials in the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 are in a condensed state through a heat release process at night, the solar heat collector 5 starts to work along with the rising of the sun, the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 flowing through the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 absorbs solar radiation heat to greatly increase the temperature, the heated heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 flows into the capillary tube 103 in the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 through the second pipeline, and the low-temperature phase change materials and the high-temperature phase change materials on the periphery of the; however, because the temperature in the building room is low, the phase change material near the indoor side is in a solidification state at the beginning, that is, a coexistence form of a "molten state" and a "solidification state" is formed in the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 at the beginning, the phase change working medium near the indoor side continuously absorbs indoor cold through the switching of the "melting" state and the "solidification" state, namely, heat introduced by the heat-carrying cycle working medium 4 is transferred to the indoor, so that the indoor environment is heated, as the heat introduced in the capillary tube 103 is gradually increased, the two phase change materials in the double-effect shaping phase change plate 1 are both in the molten state, and the process of heating the indoor is completed, and the redundant heat substituted into the shaping phase change working medium 102 by the heat-carrying cycle working medium 4 in the daytime is "stored" in the phase change working medium so as to heat the indoor at night.
At night:
the solar heat collector 5 stops working, the heat-carrying circulating working medium 4 stops circulating, and the double-effect shaping phase-change working medium 102 is in a molten state due to the fact that a large amount of heat is absorbed in the daytime. Therefore, at night, because the indoor temperature is reduced, and heat-carrying cycle working medium 4 no longer introduces heat, so along with the reduction of indoor temperature, the phase change working medium that is close to indoor one side begins to solidify, high temperature phase change material solidifies earlier, solidify behind the low temperature phase change material, and release the heat of daytime "storage" in phase change working medium indoor, slow down the reduction of indoor temperature, then phase change material in double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 absorbs indoor cold volume and all or most solidification gradually, thereby release the heat of daytime "storage" in phase change material indoor, accomplish the heating to indoor environment, adjust indoor ambient temperature.
In summary, the heat collecting and heat discharging system in the preferred embodiment of the invention can effectively complete the process of heating the building indoor in winter day and night respectively, realize the regulation of indoor temperature environment, reduce the use of indoor air conditioners, heating systems and other equipment, and reduce energy consumption. According to research results, the heat collection efficiency of the solar heat collector 5 in winter is about 35% -55%, namely, the heat collection amount is 35% -55% of the solar radiation intensity, and a large amount of heat can be conveyed to the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate 1 and the building room, so that the indoor temperature environment is improved.
The house heat collecting and heat discharging system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection in the preferred embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient control, small difficulty in maintenance and overhaul and wide application range, can realize the cold supply process in daytime and at night in summer and the heating process in daytime and at night in winter simultaneously, can effectively improve the indoor temperature environment of buildings in summer and winter, reduces the use of refrigerating equipment in summer and heating equipment in winter, saves energy, reduces energy consumption, and realizes energy conservation and environmental protection of the buildings.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A house heat collection and heat extraction system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection is characterized by comprising a double-effect shaping phase change flat plate (1) arranged indoors, a solar heat collector (5) arranged outdoors and a sky radiation cooler (6); wherein,
a cavity capable of containing a double-effect shaping phase change working medium (102) is arranged between two plate surfaces (101) of the double-effect shaping phase change flat plate (1), the double-effect shaping phase change working medium (102) is formed by uniformly mixing and shaping a low-temperature phase change material with a lower phase change temperature and a high-temperature phase change material with a higher phase change temperature, a plurality of capillaries (103) parallel to the two plate surfaces (101) are arranged in the double-effect shaping phase change working medium (102) at intervals, the capillaries (103) are mutually communicated, a capillary network is formed between the two plate surfaces (101), a first pipeline and a second pipeline are respectively arranged corresponding to the capillary network, the first pipeline is communicated with one end of the capillary network and is correspondingly provided with a circulation working medium pump (8) on the first pipeline, and the second pipeline is communicated with the other end of the capillary network, so that a heat-carrying circulation working medium (4) in the second pipeline can be pumped into the first pipeline through the capillary network;
the solar heat collector (5) is used for providing heat for the heat-carrying circulating working medium (4) flowing into the solar heat collector, the liquid inlet end of the solar heat collector is communicated with the first pipeline through a third pipeline, the liquid outlet end of the solar heat collector is correspondingly communicated with the second pipeline through a fourth pipeline, a first valve (9) is correspondingly arranged on the third pipeline, and the connection or disconnection between the liquid inlet end of the solar heat collector (5) and the first pipeline can be realized through the connection or disconnection of the first valve (9);
sky radiation cooler (6) are used for to flow into wherein heat-carrying cycle fluid (4) provide cold volume, and its inlet end passes through fifth pipeline intercommunication first pipeline, go out the liquid end and pass through sixth pipeline intercommunication the second pipeline, promptly solar collector (5) with sky radiation cooler (6) parallelly connected setting, just the correspondence is provided with second valve (10) on the fifth pipeline, through opening/disconnected realization of second valve (10) sky radiation cooler (6) inlet end with the intercommunication or the disconnection of second pipeline.
2. A sky radiation and solar heat collection based house heat collection and extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the first valve (9) is open in winter and closed in summer and the second valve (10) is open in summer and closed in winter.
3. The sky radiation and solar heat collection based house heat collection and removal system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the phase change temperature of the low temperature phase change material is 16-20 ℃ and/or the phase change temperature of the high temperature phase change material is 26-30 ℃.
4. A house heat collection and removal system based on sky radiation and solar energy collection according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the heat carrying cycle (4) is water.
5. A house heat collection and extraction system based on sky radiation and solar energy collection according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the double-effect shaped phase change flat plate (1) is arranged on an indoor top plate (3) or an indoor side wall.
6. A sky radiation and solar heat collection based house heat collection and extraction system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the double effect shaped phase change flat plate (1) is arranged on an indoor roof (3), and a heat insulation layer (2) with a certain thickness is arranged between the double effect shaped phase change flat plate (1) and the roof (3).
7. The house heat collecting and removing system based on sky radiation and solar heat collection according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the capillary tubes (103) are equidistant from the two plate surfaces (101), and the adjacent capillary tubes (103) are spaced at equal intervals, i.e. the plurality of capillary tubes (103) are arranged at equal intervals.
8. The skyward radiation and solar heat collection based house heat collection and removal system of claim 7, wherein the distance between the capillary tube (103) and the plate surface (101) is equal to two capillary tube diameters, and/or the spacing distance between two adjacent capillary tubes (103) is equal to four capillary tube diameters.
9. A sky radiation and solar energy collection based house heat collection and extraction system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solar collector (5) and/or the sky radiation cooler (6) is/are provided on a roof.
10. A sky radiation and solar energy collection based house heat collection and extraction system as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the solar collector (5) operates during the daytime in winter only and the sky radiation cooler (6) operates during the whole day in summer.
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