CN109538321B - Hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat - Google Patents
Hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN109538321B CN109538321B CN201811188620.7A CN201811188620A CN109538321B CN 109538321 B CN109538321 B CN 109538321B CN 201811188620 A CN201811188620 A CN 201811188620A CN 109538321 B CN109538321 B CN 109538321B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/14—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
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- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat, which comprises a hydrogen reaction bed unit, a gas mixer, a hydrogen expander, a generator, a flue gas heat exchange pipeline and an air heat exchange pipeline, wherein the hydrogen reaction bed unit is connected with the gas mixer through a pipeline; the hydrogen expander is connected with the shaft of the generator, and low-temperature flue gas is discharged outside after passing through the primary flue gas heat exchanger and the secondary flue gas heat exchanger; one path of a heat exchange hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is connected with a heat exchange hydrogen inlet through a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump, a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank, a flue gas heat exchanger and a three-way valve; the other path is connected with a heat exchange hydrogen inlet through a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank, an air heat exchanger and a three-way valve; a high-pressure hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is connected with a gas mixer, a hydrogen outlet of the gas mixer is connected with an inlet of a hydrogen expander through a secondary flue gas heat exchanger, and one path of the outlet of the hydrogen expander is connected with the hydrogen reaction bed unit; the other path is connected with a gas mixer. The invention adopts the metal hydride hydrogen heat compressor technology and utilizes low-temperature waste heat to generate electricity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste heat utilization, and relates to a hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat by adopting a hydrogen heat compressor technology with reversible metal hydride as a working medium.
Background
Energy shortage, environmental pollution, global climate change, and the development of clean, efficient, safe and sustainable energy is urgently needed, and hydrogen energy is being valued by more and more countries.
The hydrogen is widely used and has strong applicability, wherein, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation system can also directly convert the hydrogen energy into electric energy, so that the hydrogen energy is more conveniently used, and the hydrogen power generation system is used in the fields of mobile communication base stations and the like at present. In the prior art, the above-mentioned H2From hydrogen-generating plants or hydrogen-storage devices, O2It is directly sourced from the outside air. Fuel cells emit heat during the electricity generated by the electrochemical reaction, which, if not conducted away in time, can cause the fuel cells to burn out as their temperature increases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat, which takes hydrogen as a circulating working medium, adopts a hydrogen heat compressor technology to convert the heat of the low-temperature waste heat into mechanical energy, drives a generator to generate power, fully utilizes the low-temperature waste heat, saves energy, reduces emission and increases the economic benefit of enterprises.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat comprises a hydrogen reaction bed unit, a gas mixer, a hydrogen expander, a power generator, a primary flue gas heat exchanger, a secondary flue gas heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank, a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump, a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump, a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline, a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline, a flue gas heat exchange pipeline, an air heat exchange pipeline, a heating hydrogen pipeline and a cooling hydrogen pipeline. The gas mixer is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, a high-pressure hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The hydrogen expander is connected with the generator shaft. Each hydrogen reaction bed of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is respectively provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, a high-pressure hydrogen outlet, a heat exchange hydrogen inlet and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet. And low-temperature flue gas is discharged outside after passing through the shell passes of the primary flue gas heat exchanger and the secondary flue gas heat exchanger through a flue gas pipeline in sequence. The air heat exchange pipeline is connected to a shell pass inlet of the air heat exchanger, and a shell pass outlet of the air heat exchanger is communicated with the atmosphere. The heat exchange hydrogen outlet of each hydrogen reaction bed of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is divided into two paths by a three-way valve, one path is connected to a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump through a heating hydrogen pipeline, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump is connected to the heat exchange hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen reaction bed through a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank, a tube pass of a primary flue gas heat exchanger and the three-way valve in sequence to form a heating loop; and the other path is connected to a heat exchange hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen reaction bed through a cooling hydrogen pipeline sequentially by a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank, a tube pass of an air heat exchanger and a three-way valve to form a cooling loop. The high-pressure hydrogen outlets of the hydrogen reaction beds of the hydrogen reaction bed unit are connected to the high-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer through a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen outlets of the gas mixer are connected to the inlet of a hydrogen expansion machine after passing through the tube pass of the secondary flue gas heat exchanger, the outlet of the hydrogen expansion machine is divided into two paths, and one path of the hydrogen expansion machine is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen reaction bed unit through a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline for hydrogen absorption and recycling of the hydrogen reaction beds; the other path is directly connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer for recycling.
The system also comprises an organic working medium compressor, an organic working medium expander, a No. 2 generator, a No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger and a No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger. The organic working medium compressor, the organic working medium expander and the No. 2 generator are connected coaxially or non-coaxially. And low-temperature flue gas is discharged after passing through a flue gas pipeline and sequentially passing through the shell pass of the primary flue gas heat exchanger, the shell pass of the secondary flue gas heat exchanger and the shell pass of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger for heat exchange. The tube pass outlet of the first-stage flue gas heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen reaction bed through a heating hydrogen pipeline via the tube pass of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger and a three-way valve (30). The outlet of the organic working medium expander is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger tube pass, and the outlet of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger tube pass is connected to the inlet of the organic working medium compressor. The outlet of the organic working medium compressor is connected to the shell side inlet of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger, and the shell side outlet of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the organic working medium expander.
The hydrogen reaction bed unit is provided with at least two hydrogen reaction beds, and each hydrogen reaction bed is respectively provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, a high-pressure hydrogen outlet, a heat exchange hydrogen inlet and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet. The low-pressure hydrogen inlet is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet valve. The high-pressure hydrogen outlet is provided with a high-pressure hydrogen outlet valve, and the heat exchange hydrogen inlet and the heat exchange hydrogen outlet are respectively provided with a three-way valve.
Loading a metallic hydrogen storage material, including but not limited to a rare earth metal hydride, in the hydrogen reaction bed; the low-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogen reaction bed from the low-pressure hydrogen inlet, is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material to form metal hydride, and heats the metal hydride after completing hydrogen absorption to release the high-pressure hydrogen. The hydrogen reaction beds are of a one-stage structure or a multi-stage structure using heat in stages, allowing the species, mass or volume of the metal hydride in each of the hydrogen reaction beds in each stage to be different, and the hydrogen reaction beds in each stage may be the same or different.
The hydrogen reaction bed adopts a circulating medium to exchange heat with a heating medium dividing wall or a non-dividing wall, and the heating medium is air, flue gas, seawater, river water, lake water, a gas heating medium, a liquid heating medium, a solid heating medium, a gas-liquid-solid two-phase mixed heating medium or a three-phase mixed heating medium. When the heat exchange is not performed between the partition walls, the hydrogen reaction bed adopts a high-pressure or low-pressure circulating medium to exchange heat with a heating medium, the circulating medium comprises hydrogen but is not limited to hydrogen, and the circulating medium directly enters the hydrogen reaction bed to be heated or transfer heat, or adopts an electric, electromagnetic or internal heating mode, or adopts an external heating mode, or simultaneously adopts an internal and external heating mode.
The hydrogen reaction bed is provided with a metal hydride replacing device, powdered or aged metal hydride in the production process is quickly removed and replaced to load new metal hydride, the materials in the hydrogen reaction bed are quickly replaced by utilizing the hydrogen absorption and release interval time, the machine can also be stopped to replace the materials in the hydrogen reaction bed, and the replaced materials can be in a hydrogen absorption state, a hydrogen release state or a transition state of hydrogen absorption and release.
The hydrogen reaction bed of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is provided with a used metal hydride extraction port and a fresh metal hydride addition port. The metal hydride changing device comprises a fresh metal hydride cabin and a used metal hydride cabin, and a used metal hydride pumping outlet is connected to the used metal hydride cabin through a sealing valve and a pumping pump. The fresh metal hydride silo is connected to the hydrogen reaction bed by adding a pump and sealing valve. The metal hydride replacing device or any method which adopts gravity conveying, mechanical conveying, pneumatic conveying, vacuum conveying, hydraulic conveying, electromagnetic conveying or the combination of the gravity conveying, the mechanical conveying, the pneumatic conveying, the vacuum conveying, the hydraulic conveying and the electromagnetic conveying, thereby reliably realizing the replacement of the metal hydride in the hydrogen reaction bed, is suitable for use.
The working medium of the organic working medium compressor and the organic working medium expander is stable inorganic working medium or organic working medium or liquid nitrogen or inert gas or n-butane or propane, and the working medium can be in a stable single state or in a gas-liquid conversion state under the working condition in the organic working medium circulation.
The gas mixer is a simple mixing device or a combined mixing device, and is provided with mechanical and/or electrical system devices including but not limited to push rods, pull rods, a vacuum system and the like, so that the hydrogen outlet is ensured to obtain gas with stable parameters including pressure and temperature and continuous flow. The air in the air heat exchange pipeline can be replaced by other medium of normal temperature or low temperature solid, liquid or gaseous state.
The invention adopts a hydrogen reaction bed unit of a hydrogen heat compressor technology, and high-pressure hydrogen is discharged at a certain temperature after absorbing the heat of low-temperature flue gas; feeding the high-pressure hydrogen into a gas mixer to pressurize the direct circulating hydrogen in the gas mixer; the pressurized hydrogen is sent into a hydrogen expansion machine to do work after being subjected to temperature increase through a secondary flue gas heat exchanger, and a generator is driven to generate electric power; part of the expanded hydrogen is sent to the hydrogen reaction bed unit for low-temperature hydrogen absorption and recycling, and the rest part of the expanded hydrogen is directly sent back to the gas mixer for direct recycling. In order to improve the utilization rate of low-temperature flue gas, the invention can also be provided with an organic working medium compression/expansion circulation heat transfer system.
The invention adopts the hydrogen heat compressor technology which takes reversible metal hydride as the working medium, effectively utilizes the heat of low-temperature waste heat, converts the heat into the pressure energy of high-pressure hydrogen, and utilizes the pressure energy of the hydrogen to push the hydrogen expander to do work to generate electric power, thus being an energy-saving and environment-friendly power generation system. The hydrogen hot compressor technology has the following advantages: (1) the regulation range of the pressure increase ratio and the gas transmission capacity is large, the regulation is convenient, and the universality is high; (2) the hydrogen can be purified while pressurizing; (3) the system has few accessories, simple structure, high reliability and convenient maintenance; (4) no running part, no abrasion and low noise; (5) can work by utilizing solar energy, waste heat and low-grade heat sources, has low operation cost, is clean and saves energy. The invention creatively utilizes the high-pressure hydrogen generated by the hydrogen reaction bed unit to mix and pressurize the hydrogen to directly circulate the hydrogen, increases the hydrogen flow at the inlet of the hydrogen expander, reduces the inlet pressure and the expansion ratio of the hydrogen expander, and effectively reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the hydrogen expander. In order to improve the utilization rate of the low-temperature waste heat, the invention can also be provided with an organic working medium compression/expansion heat transfer system, and the heat pump principle is adopted, so that part of mechanical work is consumed to transfer the low-grade heat of the low-temperature waste heat to high-grade heat for hydrogen discharge of the hydrogen reaction bed unit, and the heat efficiency of the whole system is improved. The high-pressure direct heating circulation medium hydrogen is adopted to directly heat the hydrogen reaction bed for hydrogen discharge or the low-pressure hydrogen is adopted to circularly transfer heat for hydrogen absorption, so that the efficiency can be increased, and the volume and the weight of the hydrogen reaction bed can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen reaction bed unit;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a hydrogen reaction bed metal hydride exchange device.
Wherein: wherein: 1-hydrogen reaction bed unit, 2-gas mixer, 3-hydrogen expander, 4-generator, 5-first stage smoke heat exchanger, 6-second stage smoke heat exchanger, 7-air heat exchanger, 8-1 hydrogen intermediate tank, 9-2 hydrogen intermediate tank, 10-heat exchange medium high pressure hydrogen circulating pump, 11-heat exchange medium low pressure hydrogen circulating pump, 12-organic working medium compressor, 13-organic working medium expander, 14-2 generator, 15-1 organic working medium heat exchanger, 16-2 organic working medium heat exchanger, 17-used metal hydride extraction outlet, 18-fresh metal hydride inlet, 19-fresh metal hydride cabin, 20-used metal hydride cabin, 21-low pressure hydrogen pipeline, 22-high pressure hydrogen pipeline, 23-smoke heat exchange pipeline, 24-air heat exchange pipeline, 25-heating hydrogen pipeline, 26-cooling pipeline, 27-high temperature organic working medium circulation pipeline, 28-low temperature organic working medium circulation pipeline, 29-sealing valve, 30-three-way valve, 31-valve, 32-extraction pump, 33-addition pump, 35-low pressure hydrogen inlet valve, 36-high pressure hydrogen outlet valve, 41-low pressure hydrogen inlet, 42-high pressure hydrogen outlet, 43-heat exchange hydrogen inlet, 44-heat exchange hydrogen outlet, A-1 hydrogen reaction bed, B-2 hydrogen reaction bed and C-3 hydrogen reaction bed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any modification made by those skilled in the art within the scope defined by the claims also falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses a hydrogen energy power generation system utilizing low-temperature waste heat, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a hydrogen reaction bed unit 1, a gas mixer 2, a hydrogen expander 3, a power generator 4, a primary flue gas heat exchanger 5, a secondary flue gas heat exchanger 6, an air heat exchanger 7, a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank 8, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank 9, a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 10, a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 11, a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline 21, a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22, a flue gas heat exchange pipeline 23, an air heat exchange pipeline 24, a heating hydrogen pipeline 25 and a cooling hydrogen pipeline 26. The low-temperature flue gas is discharged after passing through the shell pass heat exchange of the primary flue gas heat exchanger 5 and the secondary flue gas heat exchanger 6 in turn through the flue gas pipeline 23. The hydrogen expander 3 is connected with a generator 4 shaft, and the electricity generated by the generator is connected with the power grid for external supply. As shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 is provided with three hydrogen reaction beds, a hydrogen reaction bed No. 1, a hydrogen reaction bed No. 2, and a hydrogen reaction bed No. 3, each of which is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41, a high-pressure hydrogen outlet 42, a heat exchange hydrogen inlet 43, and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet 44. The low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41 of each hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen pipe 21, and the high-pressure hydrogen outlet 42 of each hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen pipe 22. The heat exchange hydrogen outlet 44 of each hydrogen reaction bed is divided into two paths by the three-way valve 30, one path is connected to the heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 10 through the heating hydrogen pipeline 25, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 10 is connected to the heat exchange hydrogen inlet 43 of the hydrogen reaction bed sequentially through the No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank 8, the tube pass of the primary flue gas heat exchanger 5 and the three-way valve 30 to form a heating loop. The other path is connected to a heat exchange hydrogen inlet 43 of the hydrogen reaction bed through a cooling hydrogen pipeline 26 sequentially through a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 11, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank 9, a tube pass of the air heat exchanger 7 and a three-way valve 30 to form a cooling loop. The air heat exchange line 24 is connected to the shell side inlet of the air heat exchanger 7, and the shell side outlet of the air heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the atmosphere. The gas mixer 2 is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, a high-pressure hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The high pressure hydrogen outlet 42 of the hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the high pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer 2 via the high pressure hydrogen line 22. The hydrogen outlet of the gas mixer 2 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen expander 3 after being subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise by the tube pass of the secondary flue gas heat exchanger 6. The outlet of the hydrogen expansion machine is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41 of the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 through the low-pressure hydrogen pipeline 21 for hydrogen absorption and recycling of the hydrogen reaction bed; the other path is directly connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer 2 for recycling.
The hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 is provided with a plurality of hydrogen reaction beds for alternately performing a hydrogen absorption/desorption process, and the hydrogen reaction beds are filled with rare earth metal hydrides. When the hydrogen reaction bed discharges hydrogen, the heat exchange hydrogen inlet and the heat exchange hydrogen outlet are communicated with the heating hydrogen pipeline 25 through the switching of the three-way valve 30, the low-pressure hydrogen inlet valve 35 is closed, the high-pressure hydrogen outlet valve 36 is opened, and the heat exchange medium hydrogen enters the hydrogen reaction bed after being subjected to heat exchange with low-temperature flue gas through the primary flue gas heat exchanger and heated, so that the hydrogen reaction bed absorbs heat at 130 ℃ to discharge high-pressure hydrogen, heat is supplied to the hydrogen reaction bed when the low-temperature waste heat is used for discharging hydrogen, and the hydrogen reaction bed discharges high-pressure hydrogen. The temperature of the low-temperature flue gas entering the primary flue gas heat exchanger is 150 ℃, and the low-temperature flue gas is cooled to 130 ℃ after heat exchange and then sent to the secondary flue gas heat exchanger. When the hydrogen reaction bed absorbs hydrogen, the heat exchange hydrogen inlet and the heat exchange hydrogen outlet are communicated with the cooling hydrogen pipeline 26 through the switching of the three-way valve 30, the high-pressure hydrogen outlet valve 36 is closed, the low-pressure hydrogen inlet valve 35 is opened, the heat exchange medium hydrogen enters the hydrogen reaction bed after exchanging heat and cooling with the ambient air entering the shell pass of the air heat exchanger through the tube pass of the air heat exchanger 7, so that the temperature of the hydrogen reaction bed is reduced to 40 ℃ to absorb hydrogen and emit reaction heat, the hydrogen absorption reaction heat is taken away by the heat exchange medium hydrogen and is transferred to the ambient air, the ambient air entering the air heat exchanger is 20 ℃, and the ambient air discharged by the air heat exchanger is 35 ℃.
The working process of the hydrogen reaction bed unit comprises a hydrogen absorption process I, a hydrogen absorption process II and a hydrogen discharge process; the operation of each hydrogen reaction bed is circulated according to the sequence of a hydrogen absorption procedure I, a hydrogen absorption procedure II, a hydrogen discharge procedure and a hydrogen absorption procedure I. Taking the case that the hydrogen reaction bed unit is provided with three hydrogen reaction beds, one hydrogen reaction bed is respectively in the hydrogen absorption process I, the hydrogen absorption process II and the hydrogen discharge process in each time period.
Hydrogen absorption process I:
after the hydrogen reaction bed finishes the hydrogen discharging process, the hydrogen reaction bed enters a hydrogen absorption process I, the hydrogen reaction bed firstly closes the high-pressure hydrogen outlet valve 36, the heat exchange hydrogen inlet and the heat exchange hydrogen outlet are communicated with the cooling hydrogen pipeline 26 through the switching of the three-way valve 30, then the low-pressure hydrogen inlet valve 35 is opened, the heat exchange medium hydrogen and the low-pressure hydrogen directly enter the hydrogen reaction bed for cooling, the hydrogen reaction bed starts to absorb hydrogen after the temperature is cooled to 40 ℃, and the heat released by hydrogen absorption is taken away by the heat exchange medium hydrogen and is transferred to the ambient air.
A hydrogen absorption process II:
the hydrogen absorption process II continues the hydrogen absorption operation of the hydrogen absorption process I.
A hydrogen releasing procedure:
and after the hydrogen absorption process II of the hydrogen reaction bed is finished, the hydrogen reaction bed enters a hydrogen discharge process, the hydrogen reaction bed firstly closes the low-pressure hydrogen inlet valve 35, then the heat exchange hydrogen inlet and the heat exchange hydrogen outlet are communicated with the heating hydrogen pipeline 25 through the switching of the three-way valve 30, the heat exchange medium hydrogen directly enters the hydrogen reaction bed through the three-way valve 30 after being subjected to heat exchange with the low-temperature flue gas at the temperature of 150 ℃ through the primary flue gas heat exchanger and heated, the hydrogen reaction bed starts to discharge hydrogen after being heated to the temperature of 130 ℃ by the heat exchange medium hydrogen, and the hydrogen discharge process is carried out until the pressure in the hydrogen reaction bed reaches the set pressure, and then the high-pressure hydrogen outlet valve 36 is opened to send out the high-pressure hydrogen.
The work flow of the whole system is as follows:
firstly, feeding 40 ℃ and 0.2MPa low-pressure hydrogen from the outlet of a hydrogen expander 3 and 130 ℃ and 1.2 MPa high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22, which is pressurized by a hydrogen reaction bed unit 1, into a gas mixer 2, wherein the pressure of the mixed low-pressure hydrogen and the high-pressure hydrogen is 0.26MPa, and the mass ratio of the mixed low-pressure hydrogen to the high-pressure hydrogen is 15.7: 1; the 0.26MPa hydrogen is heated to 60 ℃ by the secondary flue gas heat exchanger and then sent to the hydrogen expander 3 to do work through expansion, and the hydrogen expander 3 drives the generator to operate to generate electricity.
The hydrogen with the pressure of 0.26MPa and the temperature of 60 ℃ expands in the hydrogen expander 3 to work to 0.2MPa, and is divided into two paths after the temperature of 40 ℃, wherein one path is connected to a low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41 of the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 through a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline 21 for hydrogen absorption and recycling of the hydrogen reaction bed; the other path is directly connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer 2 for recycling.
The gas mixer 2 works as follows: firstly, opening a low-pressure hydrogen inlet of a gas mixer 2 and closing a hydrogen outlet of the gas mixer 2, and feeding 0.2MPa low-pressure hydrogen at 40 ℃ from an outlet of a hydrogen expander 3 into the gas mixer 2, wherein the pressure in the gas mixer is 0.2MPa at the moment; then closing a low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer and opening a high-pressure hydrogen inlet, sending 130 ℃ high-pressure hydrogen with the pressure of 1.2 MPa from the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 into the gas mixer 2, wherein the mass ratio of the added high-pressure hydrogen to the previously added low-pressure hydrogen is 1:15.7, the pressure in the gas mixer is 0.26MPa, then opening a valve 31 of a hydrogen outlet, sending the high-pressure and low-pressure mixed hydrogen into a hydrogen expander 3 for expansion to work, and driving a generator 4 to operate by the hydrogen expander 3 to generate electricity. The gas mixer 2 can be provided with a plurality of gas mixers connected in parallel, so as to ensure that the gas mixer continuously and stably supplies gas to the hydrogen expander 3. Including but not limited to the use of mechanical and/or electrical system devices such as push rods, pull rods, vacuum systems, etc. on the gas mixer 2.
The hydrogen reaction bed is provided with a metal hydride replacing device, powdered or aged metal hydride in the production process is quickly removed and replaced to load new metal hydride, the materials in the hydrogen reaction bed are quickly replaced by utilizing the hydrogen absorption and release interval time, the machine can also be stopped to replace the materials in the hydrogen reaction bed, and the replaced materials can be in a hydrogen absorption state, a hydrogen release state or a transition state of hydrogen absorption and release. The metal hydride replacing device or any method which adopts gravity conveying, mechanical conveying, pneumatic conveying, vacuum conveying, hydraulic conveying, electromagnetic conveying or the combination of the gravity conveying, the mechanical conveying, the pneumatic conveying, the vacuum conveying, the hydraulic conveying and the electromagnetic conveying, thereby reliably realizing the replacement of the metal hydride in the hydrogen reaction bed, is suitable for use.
One embodiment of the metal hydride exchanging apparatus is shown in fig. 4, and the hydrogen reaction bed a/B/C of the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 is provided with a used metal hydride withdrawing port 17 and a fresh metal hydride charging port 18, taking any one of the hydrogen reaction beds as an example. The metal hydride changing device comprises a fresh metal hydride storage 19 and a used metal hydride storage 20. The used metal hydride withdrawal port 17 is connected to the used metal hydride storage 20 through a sealing valve 29 and a withdrawal pump 32; the fresh metal hydride storage 19 is connected to the hydrogen reaction bed by adding a pump 33 and a sealing valve 29.
The operation process of the metal hydride replacing device is as follows: when the metal hydride needs to be replaced, the sealing valve 29 of the fresh metal hydride adding port 18 is closed, the sealing valve 29 of the used metal hydride extracting port 17 is opened, and the hydrogen reaction bed is started to convey the used metal hydride to the used metal hydride bin 20 by the extracting pump 32; after the used metal hydride in the hydrogen reaction bed is extracted, the sealing valve 29 of the used metal hydride extraction port 17 is closed, the sealing valve 29 of the fresh metal hydride addition port 18 is opened, the addition pump 33 is started to add the fresh metal hydride to the hydrogen reaction bed from the fresh metal hydride storage 19, and the sealing valve 29 of the fresh metal hydride addition port 18 is closed after the addition.
Example 2
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 2, and includes a hydrogen reaction bed unit 1, a gas mixer 2, a hydrogen expander 3, a generator 4, a primary flue gas heat exchanger 5, a secondary flue gas heat exchanger 6, an air heat exchanger 7, a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank 8, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank 9, a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulation pump 10, a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulation pump 11, an organic working medium compressor 12, an organic working medium expander 13, a No. 2 generator 14, a No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger 15, a No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger 16, a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline 21, a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22, a flue gas heat exchange pipeline 23, an air heat exchange pipeline 24, a heating hydrogen pipeline 25, and a cooling hydrogen pipeline 26. The low-temperature flue gas is discharged after passing through a flue gas pipeline 23 and sequentially passing through the shell pass of the primary flue gas heat exchanger 5, the shell pass of the secondary flue gas heat exchanger 6 and the shell pass of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger 16 for heat exchange. The hydrogen expander 3 is connected with a generator 4 shaft, the organic working medium compressor 12, the organic working medium expander 13 and the No. 2 generator 14 shaft are connected, and the electricity generated by the generator is connected with an electric network for external supply. The outlet of the organic working medium expander 13 is connected to the inlet of the tube pass of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger 16, the outlet of the tube pass of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the organic working medium compressor 12, the outlet of the organic working medium compressor 12 is connected to the shell pass inlet of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger 15, and the shell pass outlet of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the organic working medium expander 13. As shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 is provided with three hydrogen reaction beds, a hydrogen reaction bed No. 1, a hydrogen reaction bed No. 2, and a hydrogen reaction bed No. 3, each of which is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41, a high-pressure hydrogen outlet 42, a heat exchange hydrogen inlet 43, and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet 44. The low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41 of each hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen pipe 21, and the high-pressure hydrogen outlet 42 of each hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen pipe 22. The heat exchange hydrogen outlet 44 of each hydrogen reaction bed is divided into two paths by the three-way valve 30, one path is connected to the heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 10 through the heating hydrogen pipeline 25, and the outlet of the heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 10 is connected to the heat exchange hydrogen inlet 43 of the hydrogen reaction bed sequentially through the No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank 8, the tube pass of the primary flue gas heat exchanger 5, the tube pass of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger and the three-way valve 30 to form a heating loop. The other path is connected to a heat exchange hydrogen inlet 43 of the hydrogen reaction bed through a cooling hydrogen pipeline 26 sequentially through a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump 11, a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank 9, a tube pass of the air heat exchanger 7 and a three-way valve 30 to form a cooling loop. The air heat exchange line 24 is connected to the shell side inlet of the air heat exchanger 7, and the shell side outlet of the air heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the atmosphere. The gas mixer 2 is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, a high-pressure hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. The high pressure hydrogen outlet 42 of the hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the high pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer 2 via the high pressure hydrogen line 22. The hydrogen outlet of the gas mixer 2 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen expander 3 after being subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise by the tube pass of the secondary flue gas heat exchanger 6. The outlet of the hydrogen expansion machine 3 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41 of the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 through the low-pressure hydrogen pipeline 21 for hydrogen absorption and recycling of the hydrogen reaction bed; the other path is directly connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer 2 for recycling.
The work flow of the whole system is as follows:
firstly, feeding 40 ℃ and 0.2MPa low-pressure hydrogen from the outlet of a hydrogen expander 3 and 130 ℃ and 1.2 MPa high-pressure hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22, which is pressurized by a hydrogen reaction bed unit 1, into a gas mixer 2, wherein the mixed pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen and the high-pressure hydrogen is 0.3MPa, and the mass ratio of the mixed low-pressure hydrogen to the mixed high-pressure hydrogen is 9: 1; the 0.3MPa hydrogen is heated to 74 ℃ by the secondary flue gas heat exchanger and then sent to the hydrogen expander 3 to do work through expansion, and the hydrogen expander 3 drives the generator to operate to generate electricity.
Hydrogen with the pressure of 0.3MPa and the temperature of 74 ℃ expands in the hydrogen expander 3 to work to 0.2MPa, and is divided into two paths after the temperature of 40 ℃, wherein one path is connected to a low-pressure hydrogen inlet 41 of the hydrogen reaction bed unit 1 through a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline 21 for hydrogen absorption and recycling of the hydrogen reaction bed; the other path is directly connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer 2 for recycling.
Carbon dioxide gas with the outlet of 0.1MPa and the temperature of 21 ℃ of the organic working medium expander is sent into the tube side inlet of a No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger 16, exchanges heat with low-temperature flue gas from a secondary flue gas heat exchanger in the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger, is sent into an organic working medium compressor after being heated to 45 ℃, is compressed to 0.3MPa, enters a No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger 15 after being compressed to 160 ℃, exchanges heat with heat exchange medium hydrogen from a primary flue gas heat exchanger, is sent into the organic working medium expander after being cooled to 130 ℃, is expanded to 0.1MPa and is recycled after being expanded to 21 ℃.
This example is otherwise the same as example 1.
Claims (7)
1. A hydrogen energy power generation system using low-temperature waste heat is characterized in that: the system comprises a hydrogen reaction bed unit (1), a gas mixer (2), a hydrogen expander (3), a generator (4), a primary flue gas heat exchanger (5), a secondary flue gas heat exchanger (6), an air heat exchanger (7), a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank (8), a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank (9), a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump (10), a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump (11), a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline (21), a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline (22), a flue gas heat exchange pipeline (23), an air heat exchange pipeline (24), a heating hydrogen pipeline (25) and a cooling hydrogen pipeline (26); the gas mixer (2) is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, a high-pressure hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet; the hydrogen expander (3) is connected with a generator (4) through a shaft; each hydrogen reaction bed of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is respectively provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet (41), a high-pressure hydrogen outlet (42), a heat exchange hydrogen inlet (43) and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet (44); low-temperature flue gas is discharged outside after passing through the shell pass of the primary flue gas heat exchanger (5) and the secondary flue gas heat exchanger (6) in sequence through a flue gas pipeline (23); the air heat exchange pipeline (24) is connected to a shell pass inlet of the air heat exchanger (7), and a shell pass outlet of the air heat exchanger (7) is communicated with the atmosphere; a heat exchange hydrogen outlet (44) of each hydrogen reaction bed of the hydrogen reaction bed unit is divided into two paths through a three-way valve (30), one path is connected to a heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump (10) through a heating hydrogen pipeline (25), and an outlet of the heat exchange medium high-pressure hydrogen circulating pump (10) is connected to a heat exchange hydrogen inlet (43) of the hydrogen reaction bed through a No. 1 hydrogen intermediate tank (8), a tube pass of a primary flue gas heat exchanger (5) and the three-way valve (30) in sequence to form a heating loop; the other path is connected to a heat exchange hydrogen inlet (43) of the hydrogen reaction bed through a cooling hydrogen pipeline (26) sequentially through a heat exchange medium low-pressure hydrogen circulating pump (11), a No. 2 hydrogen intermediate tank (9), a tube pass of an air heat exchanger (7) and a three-way valve (30) to form a cooling loop; the high-pressure hydrogen outlets (42) of the hydrogen reaction beds of the hydrogen reaction bed unit are connected to the high-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer (2) through a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline (22), the hydrogen outlets of the gas mixer (2) are connected to the inlet of the hydrogen expander (3) after passing through the tube pass of the secondary flue gas heat exchanger (6), the outlet of the hydrogen expander is divided into two paths, and one path is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen inlet (41) of the hydrogen reaction bed unit (1) through a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline (21) and is used for hydrogen absorption and circulation of the hydrogen reaction beds; the other path is directly connected to a low-pressure hydrogen inlet of the gas mixer (2) for recycling;
the gas mixer (2) is a simple mixing device or combined mixing equipment, comprises a push rod, a pull rod, a vacuum system and/or an electrical system device, and ensures that the hydrogen outlet obtains gas with stable parameters including pressure and temperature and continuous flow.
2. The hydrogen energy generation system using low-temperature waste heat according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises an organic working medium compressor (12), an organic working medium expander (13), a No. 2 generator (14), a No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger (15) and a No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger (16); the organic working medium compressor (12), the organic working medium expander (13) and the No. 2 generator (14) are connected with each other coaxially or in different shafts; the low-temperature flue gas is discharged after passing through a flue gas pipeline (23) and sequentially passing through the shell pass of a primary flue gas heat exchanger (5), the shell pass of a secondary flue gas heat exchanger (6) and the shell pass of a No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger (16) for heat exchange; the tube pass outlet of the primary flue gas heat exchanger (5) is connected to a heat exchange hydrogen inlet (43) of the hydrogen reaction bed through a heating hydrogen pipeline (25) and a tube pass of a No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger (15) and a three-way valve (30); an outlet of the organic working medium expander (13) is connected to an inlet of a tube pass of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger (16), and an outlet of the tube pass of the No. 2 organic working medium heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the organic working medium compressor (12); the outlet of the organic working medium compressor (12) is connected to the shell side inlet of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger (15), and the shell side outlet of the No. 1 organic working medium heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the organic working medium expander (13).
3. The hydrogen energy generation system using low-temperature waste heat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen reaction bed unit (1) is provided with at least two hydrogen reaction beds, and each hydrogen reaction bed is respectively provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet (41), a high-pressure hydrogen outlet (42), a heat exchange hydrogen inlet (43) and a heat exchange hydrogen outlet (44); the low-pressure hydrogen inlet (41) is provided with a low-pressure hydrogen inlet valve (35), the high-pressure hydrogen outlet (42) is provided with a high-pressure hydrogen outlet valve (36), and the heat exchange hydrogen inlet (43) and the heat exchange hydrogen outlet (44) are respectively provided with a three-way valve (30).
4. The hydrogen energy generation system using low-temperature waste heat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen reaction bed is loaded with a metallic hydrogen storage material, including but not limited to rare earth metal hydrides; low-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogen reaction bed from a low-pressure hydrogen inlet, is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material to form metal hydride, and heats the metal hydride after hydrogen absorption to release high-pressure hydrogen; the hydrogen reaction beds are of a one-stage structure or a multi-stage structure which utilizes heat step by step, and the metal hydride in each hydrogen reaction bed in each stage of hydrogen reaction bed is allowed to have the same or different varieties, the same or different masses, the same or different volumes, and the same or different hydrogen reaction beds in each stage.
5. The hydrogen energy generation system using low-temperature waste heat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen reaction bed adopts a circulating medium to exchange heat with a dividing wall or a non-dividing wall of a heating medium, a high-pressure or low-pressure circulating medium adopted by the hydrogen reaction bed exchanges heat with the heating medium when the non-dividing wall exchanges heat, the circulating medium comprises hydrogen but is not limited to hydrogen, and the circulating medium directly enters the hydrogen reaction bed to be heated or heat-removed, or adopts an electric, electromagnetic or internal heating mode, or adopts an external heating mode, or simultaneously adopts an internal and external heating mode.
6. The hydrogen energy generation system using low-temperature waste heat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen reaction bed is provided with a metal hydride replacing device, powdered or aged metal hydride in the production process is quickly removed and replaced and loaded with new metal hydride, and the materials in the hydrogen reaction bed are quickly replaced by utilizing the hydrogen absorption and desorption interval time or the materials in the hydrogen reaction bed are replaced by stopping the machine; the material to be replaced is in a hydrogen absorption state, a hydrogen desorption state or a transition state of hydrogen absorption and desorption.
7. The hydrogen energy generation system using low-temperature waste heat according to claim 6, wherein: the hydrogen reaction bed of the hydrogen reaction bed unit (1) is provided with a used metal hydride extraction outlet (17) and a fresh metal hydride addition inlet (18), the metal hydride replacement device comprises a fresh metal hydride bin (19) and a used metal hydride bin (20), the used metal hydride extraction outlet (17) is connected to the used metal hydride bin (20) through a sealing valve (29) and a extraction pump (32), and the fresh metal hydride bin (19) is connected to the hydrogen reaction bed through an addition pump (33) and a sealing valve (29).
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