CN109529295B - Exercise posture correction trainer and training method - Google Patents
Exercise posture correction trainer and training method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109529295B CN109529295B CN201811268077.1A CN201811268077A CN109529295B CN 109529295 B CN109529295 B CN 109529295B CN 201811268077 A CN201811268077 A CN 201811268077A CN 109529295 B CN109529295 B CN 109529295B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a training device and a training method for correcting a sports posture. The movement posture correction trainer comprises a measuring unit, an analyzing unit and a prompting unit; the measuring unit is connected with the analyzing unit, and the analyzing unit is connected with the prompting unit; the measuring unit is provided with a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, and the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is provided with an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis; the measuring unit is arranged on the trunk of the swimmer, and the X axis and the long axis of the trunk of the swimmer are positioned in the first plane; the detection parameters of the measuring unit comprise a left side rotation angle of the left side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis and a right side rotation angle of the right side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis; the prompt unit is disposed on the swimmer's head. The training method is realized by adopting the exercise posture correction trainer. The invention is especially suitable for swimming enthusiasts who adopt the freestyle swimming stroke, gives real-time feedback prompt in the swimming process, and can quickly and effectively improve the standard degree of the swimming stroke and the freestyle swimming speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a training device and a training method for correcting exercise postures, which are particularly suitable for correcting the free swimming postures of swimming enthusiasts and belong to the field of auxiliary equipment for swimming training.
Background
The inventor knows that swimming is a skill for people to float upwards under the buoyancy of water, and the body of people regularly moves in the water through the limbs by virtue of the buoyancy. Wherein, the free swimming is the gesture with the highest speed in the prior competitive swimming technologies.
For swimming fans, it is often difficult to have training time and training resources comparable to professional swimmers, which makes it difficult to further increase the swimming speed of the swimming fans after reaching the bottleneck, and the direct reason is mainly that the swimming postures of the swimming fans are not standard enough, which requires to develop corresponding swimming training auxiliary equipment to correct the swimming postures.
Through the search, the chinese patent application with application No. CN201610972638.0 and application publication No. CN106358024A discloses a swimming stroke monitoring system and a swimming stroke monitoring method, wherein the swimming stroke monitoring system comprises: the generating unit is used for generating a real-time swimming stroke model of the user; the first data processing unit is used for generating a comparison picture according to the real-time swimming stroke model of the user and a preset standard swimming stroke model; the display unit is used for displaying the comparison picture; the display unit comprises a display screen, and the display screen is a lens of the swimming goggles. Therefore, the user can observe the self swimming action while swimming, and correct the non-standard swimming action according to the standard swimming posture model so as to fulfill the aim of standardizing the self swimming action.
Chinese patent application No. CN201610959445.1 and publication No. CN107115653A disclose a device for adjusting swimming posture, comprising: the acquisition module is used for acquiring swimming stroke information of the position to be detected of the user limb; and the prompt information determining module is used for determining prompt information according to the swimming posture information, and the prompt information is used for prompting a user to adjust the swimming posture. The position to be detected of the limb comprises an interval detection position and/or an angle detection position, and the swimming stroke information comprises interval information corresponding to the interval detection position and/or angle information corresponding to the angle detection position; and the prompt information determination module is specifically used for determining the real-time swimming stroke model of the user according to the distance information and the angle information, comparing the real-time swimming stroke model with the standard swimming stroke model to determine prompt information, and prompting the user to adjust the distance and/or the angle by the prompt information. Therefore, the swimming stroke information of the user during swimming can be effectively processed, and the user is prompted to adjust the swimming stroke during swimming.
However, in the prior art represented by the above technical solutions, there is no swimming training auxiliary equipment specially for the freestyle swimming stroke; moreover, the judgment logic and structure of these prior art schemes are complex, which is not favorable for reducing cost, and the given prompt information is also complex, which is easy for users to leave.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purposes of the invention are: the training device and the training method can be used for overcoming the problems in the prior art, and can be used for quickly and effectively improving the standard degree of swimming postures and the free swimming speed of a swimming enthusiast with the free swimming postures.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems of the invention is as follows:
a movement posture correction trainer comprises a measuring unit, an analyzing unit and a prompting unit; the device is characterized in that a signal output end of the measuring unit is connected with a signal input end of the analyzing unit, and a control end of the analyzing unit is connected with a controlled end of the prompting unit; the measuring unit is provided with a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system serving as a measuring reference, the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is provided with an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis which are perpendicular to each other, the X axis and the Y axis are in the same horizontal plane, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the measuring unit is arranged on the trunk of the swimmer, the X axis and the long axis of the trunk of the swimmer are positioned in the same first plane, and the left side and the right side of the trunk of the swimmer are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first plane; the detection parameters of the measuring unit comprise a left side rotation angle of the left side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis and a right side rotation angle of the right side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis; the prompting unit is arranged on the head of the swimmer;
the exercise posture correction training device comprises: the measuring unit sends the detected detection parameters to the monitoring state of the analysis unit in real time;
the exercise posture correction trainer further has: on the basis of the monitoring state, in the free swimming process of the swimmer, the analysis unit judges whether the maximum value of the left rotating angle is in a preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water or judges whether the maximum value of the right rotating angle is in an analysis state in the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water according to the detection parameters; the preset angle range is 35-45 degrees or within 35-45 degrees;
the exercise posture correction trainer further has: on the basis of the analysis state, when the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left rotating angle or the maximum value of the right rotating angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range or smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range, the prompt unit sends a prompt state of corresponding prompt information to the swimmer.
The inventor finds in practical research that for swimming enthusiasts, the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle when the left side of the swimming enthusiasts leaves water and the maximum value of the right-side rotation angle when the right side of the swimming enthusiasts leaves water are respectively controlled within a preset angle range (the preset angle range is 35-45 degrees or is within 35-45 degrees), and the standard degree of swimming postures and the swimming speed of the swimming enthusiasts are optimized. Based on the discovery, the inventor obtains the technical scheme through further research, and the standard degree of the swimming stroke of the swimmer is rapidly and effectively improved and the swimming speed of the swimmer is obviously improved by visually prompting the swimmer to increase or reduce the rotation angle of the swimmer on which side.
The technical scheme of the invention for further perfecting the product is as follows:
preferably, the exercise posture correction trainer further has: on the basis of the analysis state, the analysis unit calculates the rotational symmetry data of the two sides of the trunk of the swimmer according to the measured left-side rotating angle data and the right-side rotating angle data, and the rotational symmetry data of the two sides are in a dynamic adjustment state within a preset numerical range by adjusting a preset angle range; the two-side rotational symmetry data is the difference value between the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle and the maximum value of the corresponding right-side rotation angle; the preset numerical range has an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the upper limit value is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0 degrees.
The inventor further finds in practical research that for swimming enthusiasts, the standard degree of swimming stroke and the swimming speed can be further optimized by reducing the asymmetry of the left rotation and the right rotation of the trunk to the minimum during the free swimming process. Based on the discovery, the inventor further researches and obtains the preferable technical scheme, and the swimming device can guide the swimmer to improve the rotation symmetry of the trunk of the swimmer to the preset range without changing the prompting mode, so that the standard degree of the swimming stroke and the swimming speed of the swimmer can be further and effectively improved.
Preferably, the left-side rotation angle and the right-side rotation angle respectively use horizontal planes in which the X axis and the Y axis are located as measurement reference planes.
Preferably, the sensed parameters of the measuring unit further comprise the pitch angle, the swimming speed and the swimming acceleration of the swimmer.
Preferably, the measuring unit is a sensor, the analyzing unit is a processor, and the prompting unit is a vibrator or intelligent glasses; the measurement unit is placed in the middle of the sacral area of the back of the swimmer's trunk.
The present invention also provides:
a movement posture correction training method is characterized in that the movement posture correction training device is adopted; the training method comprises the following steps:
the first step, wearing the motion posture correction trainer on a swimmer, wherein the measuring unit is arranged on the body of the swimmer, and the prompting unit is arranged on the head of the swimmer;
secondly, starting the exercise posture correction trainer to enable the exercise posture correction trainer to be in a monitoring state;
thirdly, in the free swimming process of the swimmer, the motion posture correction trainer is in an analysis state and is in a prompt state when meeting the prompt condition; the prompting conditions are as follows: the analysis unit judges whether the maximum value of the left rotation angle or the maximum value of the right rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of a preset angle range or smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range;
and fourthly, after the swimmer finishes free swimming, the motion posture correction trainer is closed or is continuously in a monitoring state.
After the training method is adopted, a swimmer can obtain visual prompt information in real time in the free swimming process, and the standard degree of swimming postures can be quickly and effectively improved and the swimming speed is obviously improved only by adjusting the left side rotating angle or the right side rotating angle according to the prompt information.
The technical scheme of the invention for further perfecting the method is as follows:
preferably, in the third step, when the motion posture correction trainer is in a prompting state, if the analysis unit determines that the maximum value of the left side rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends first prompting information that the left side rotation is too large to the swimmer through the prompting unit; if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left rotation angle is smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends second prompt information that the left rotation is too small to the swimmer through the prompt unit; if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the right-side rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer is discharged with water, the analysis unit sends third prompt information that the right side of the swimmer is rotated too much to the swimmer through the prompt unit; if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the right side rotation angle is smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends fourth prompt information that the right side rotation is too small to the swimmer through the prompt unit.
More preferably, the prompting unit comprises a left vibrator positioned on the left side of the swimmer's head and a right vibrator positioned on the right side of the swimmer's head; the first prompt message comprises N times of vibration of the left vibrator, the second prompt message comprises M times of vibration of the left vibrator, the third prompt message comprises N times of vibration of the right vibrator, and the fourth prompt message comprises M times of vibration of the right vibrator; n is more than or equal to 1, M is more than or equal to 1, and N is not equal to M.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the swimmer can be further ensured to obtain visual and simple prompt information, and the training effect can be improved.
Preferably, in the third step, when the exercise posture correction trainer is in an analysis state, the analysis unit further calculates data of rotational symmetry of two sides of the trunk of the swimmer according to the measured data of the left side rotation angle and the right side rotation angle, and adjusts a preset angle range to enable the data of rotational symmetry of two sides to be within a preset numerical range; the two-side rotational symmetry data is the difference between the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle and the maximum value of the corresponding right-side rotation angle; the preset numerical range has an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the upper limit value is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0 degrees.
By adopting the preferable scheme, the swimmer can be further guided to improve the rotation symmetry of the trunk of the swimmer to a preset range, so that the standard degree of the swimming stroke and the swimming speed of the swimmer can be further and effectively improved.
Preferably, the third step further comprises the analysis unit recording the detection parameters, the analysis result data and the prompt event data, and uploading the data to an external upper computer.
By adopting the preferable scheme, various data generated by the swimmer in the swimming process can be uploaded to the upper computer, and then the upper computer can display various visual data charts according to the data for subsequent analysis or research.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is based on the independent research results of the inventor, is particularly suitable for swimming enthusiasts adopting the free swimming stroke, gives real-time feedback prompt in the swimming process, and can quickly and effectively improve the standard degree of the free swimming stroke and the free swimming speed. In addition, the trainer body can be made into a box with small size, and is small and portable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the apparatus in the research result on which the present invention is based.
Fig. 2 shows the requirements of the optimum internal and external rotation angle ranges in the research results on which the present invention is based. Wherein, the dot-dash line is the water surface; two solid lines are the existing reports[9]The ranges set forth; the dotted line is the range relaxed in this study.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a graph of rotation angle data in a research result on which the present invention is based.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary graph of the timing of a single swim stroke in the results of the study on which the present invention is based.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the analysis of variance test of two groups of mean velocities in the results of the study on which the present invention is based.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing two typical rotation performances of the research result on which the present invention is based.
Fig. 7 is a statistical chart of the body rotation data of all swimmers in the study on which the present invention is based. In the figure, R1 to R8 are swimming enthusiasts, respectively, and E1 to E6 are professional athletes, respectively.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the rotation ratio and the swimming speed according to the requirements of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between rotational asymmetry and swimming speed in the results of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the rotation proportion and the rotation symmetry meeting the requirements in the research result based on the invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the overall situation of all swimmers in the study on which the invention is based.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
First, the research result based on the technical scheme of the invention
Study background
Free-swimming is the fastest and most popular swimming style that is liked by and brought physically (e.g., by coordination) by swimming enthusiasts and professional swimmersImproved balance of mediation) and mental (e.g., stress relief) health benefits. Free-swimming related research has been extensively developed in recent years: acquisition of instantaneous swimming speed of freestyle athletes by applying MEMS system[1-2](ii) a Developing time-phase detection algorithms for describing different arm stroke phases, such as hand entry, grab, sweep, and sweep internally[3-4](ii) a Detecting leg kicking patterns and rates for freestyle athletes[5-6]. However, studies on the importance of internal and external rotation (also called body rotation) have not been extensively analyzed.
Body rotation refers to the rotation of a swimmer about its long axis during swimming. In a requirement, the freestyle athlete should turn his/her shoulders, torso, and hips together as a unit. This is called "streamline rolling".
Streamlined body rotation can be achieved through adequate body rotation and body balance. Sufficient body rotation means internal and external rotation that produces maximum propulsive force while avoiding unnecessary water resistance. Researchers have studied the rotation angle of the inside and outside of the free swimming[7]The average angle was found to be 58 ° for the shoulders and 36 ° for the hips. In subsequent studies it was found that the relationship between body rotation and swimming speed[8]The reduction of the shoulder rotation from 75 to 66 increases the swimming speed from 1.3 to 1.6 m/s; but does not give an optimal body rotation amplitude. There are reports that[9]It is stated that the body rotation of the trunk of a freestyle athlete is preferably 40-45 ° per side, however the statement is more like a subjective guess and is not confirmed by any experimental data, experimental results.
Body balance is another evaluation criterion for evaluating streamline rotation. Body balance refers to rotational symmetry and possible systematic deviations in freestyle swimming. The respiratory side is generally considered to rotate at a greater angle than the non-respiratory side. There are studies on[10]The presence of asymmetric body rotation was confirmed, with 38% of the subjects presenting such errors. There have also been studies on[11]Reported are, in terms of the magnitude of the angle of rotation, an average left side of 57.1 °/right side of 49.6 ° for the shoulder, and an average left side of 24.6 °/right side of 25.7 ° for the hip; but rotational symmetry and playNo correlation between the swimming speeds is shown.
The research finally obtains the relationship among the rotation size, the rotation symmetry and the swimming speed by researching how the rotation performance meeting the requirements influences the overall performance of the freestyle athletes.
(II) research method
A. Participants
Eight swimming enthusiasts and six professional swimmers were selected to participate in the study. Their basic information statistics are shown in the table below.
Wherein, the swimming fans swim at least 2 times per week, and the professional swimmers train for five days per week.
In each test, each swimmer was asked to continue free-swimming for 25 meters at their normal speed. There was a one minute break between each test to minimize the effect of fatigue on the experimental results. Swimmers standing at the beginning in the pool before starting; and requires the swimmer to stand up immediately after touching the end wall.
B. Experimental setup
In order to collect quantitative data of body posture and time information of the freestyle athletes, a wearable embedded device consisting of a nine-degree-of-freedom inertial measurement unit MPU9150(InvenSense, USA) and an ATmega2560 microcontroller (Atmel, USA) is adopted, and an SD card is added as a memory.
Acquisition parameters of the device include three-axis acceleration and three-axis angular rate. The raw data is passed through a 5Hz low pass Butterworth filter to minimize noise and maximize smoothness, which is a common method in the art. Using built-in motionosuctionTMThe algorithm calculates the euler angles. The device is of size W75 × D100 × H35(mm) and is positioned on the swimmer's torso as shown in fig. 1, i.e. horizontally placed in the middle of the sacral area of the swimmer's back, in order to directly collect body rotation information.
Wherein the rotation angle (rotation about the X-axis) describes the internal and external rotation of the swimmerTurning, the pitch angle (rotation about the Y axis) explains the swimmer's state: swimming or standing upright. Notably, there have been reports[9]The optimum body rotation range is recommended to be 40-45 and this range is so small that it is difficult to maintain in early pilot experiments, so the present study has relaxed this range to 35-45 as shown in figure 2.
C. Data analysis
Mean value of rotation angle per side
Calculated as follows:
wherein, thetanThe angle of the nth rotation is indicated, and N is the total rotation times in single swimming.
The filtered rotation angle is used for describing the internal and external rotation of the swimmer, and the single-stroke water-stroke times, the body rotation sufficiency and the rotation symmetry of the swimmer are evaluated according to the internal and external rotation of the swimmer. When the body rotation angle is within the preset angle range of 35-45, the rotation angle data map is recorded and marked, an example is shown in fig. 3. The Ratio of the full rotation to the total rotation is calculated as follows:
here, no.rolls in range is the number of full rotations, and no.total rolls is the number of full rotations.
The average velocity v is calculated as:
wherein, laptime is used for timing single swimming.
Considering the preset angle range of 35-45 deg., the maximum deviation between bilateral rotations is limited to 10 deg., so that a bilateral body rotation difference of less than 10 deg. is considered as a symmetric rotation.
The pitch angle and X-axis acceleration data together provide end time information for each swim. The end point of a single trip is defined as the moment when the pitch angle is greater than 45 ° and the X-axis acceleration is greater than 0.7 g. However, this specific moment represents a situation where the swimmer has his body vertically upwards by 45 ° and has stopped swimming, not the actual moment of touching the wall. The average time from touching the wall to 45 ° vertically up the body was tested to be 0.5 seconds. Thus, the lap swimming timing Laptime is calculated as follows:
wherein, TACCx>0.7g&&Pitch>45°The time is counted up to the end time of the single swimming. See fig. 4.
(III) results of the study
A. Statistical analysis
In total, 88 swim data were collected for 8 swimming enthusiasts and 68 swim data for 6 professional swimmers. To determine whether the swimming enthusiast group and the professional athlete group are statistically different populations, an analysis of variance test was performed on the average speeds. The statistical data are shown in the table below.
The results of the test are shown in FIG. 5, where there is a statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001) and therefore they can be analyzed independently.
B. Analysis of rotation angle
The following table summarizes the performance of each swimmer and figure 6 shows typical turning performance for swimming enthusiasts and professional athletes.
In the table, R1 to R8 are swimming enthusiasts, respectively, and E1 to E6 are professional athletes, respectively.
From the above data, swimming enthusiasts have difficulty in maintaining body rotation within a preset angular range (35 ° -45 °) and maintaining balance, as compared to professional athletes. The body rotation of the professional athletes is relatively consistent every time of paddling, and the integral amplitude of the body rotation of the professional athletes is smaller than that of swimming enthusiasts. In addition, the average 25 meter single lap swim timing (T) for professional athleteselite24.65s) is much smaller than swimming enthusiasts (T)recreational＝44.08s)。
Fig. 7 shows the body rotation statistics of all 14 swimmers. FIG. 7 is a graph showing average rolling amplitude and average swim speed for each group of nearly half swimmers within a preset angular range (the area between the two bold lines in the figure); the swimming enthusiasts have excessive rotation (the body rotation amplitude exceeds 45 degrees), and the swimming speed of keeping the body rotation amplitude within the preset angle range is high; at the same time, there is very little difference in the professional athlete group speed profiles among all swimmers (0.05).
Comparing the left and right rotation, the rotational asymmetries of the two groups are significantly different as shown in the average rotational asymmetry diagram of fig. 7; the deviation of the double-sided rotation of the swimming enthusiast can reach 18 degrees, and the deviation of all professional athletes is smaller than that of the swimming enthusiast.
Further, in the average rotation amplitude uniformity diagram of fig. 7, the rotation uniformity is expressed in terms of the standard deviation of the average rotation; this figure reinforces the finding in figure 6 that professional athletes are better able to maintain a consistent level of body rotation, whereas swimming enthusiasts vary greatly in body rotation.
C. Satisfactory body rotation and swimming speed
The average ratio of satisfactory turns (i.e. turns within 35-45) to total turns for each swim was plotted against the average swim speed, and the results are shown in figure 8. The data were then fitted to a linear model with the fitting parameters shown in the table below.
As can be seen from the fitted curve of fig. 8, in the swimming enthusiast group, a higher swimming speed can be achieved with an increase in the required rotation ratio. However, this is not the case for professional athletes, who have little correlation between the required turn ratio and swimming speed. This is also confirmed by the above table, where the R-square value for the swimming enthusiast team model (0.2435) is higher than for the professional athlete team model (0.0037). It follows that the swimming speed of a swimming enthusiast has a better correlation with its required turn ratio than that of a professional athlete.
D. Rotational symmetry and swimming speed
The rotational asymmetry is plotted against the average swim speed and the results are shown in figure 9. The data were then fitted to a linear model with the fitting parameters shown in the table below.
From the above results, it is understood that the rotational asymmetry and the average swimming speed are in a weak linear relationship in both groups, and the swimming speed decreases in both groups when the difference in the rotational angle increases. This indicates that rotational symmetry plays a role in the average speed. This correlation is more evident in the swimming enthusiast group. For example, for a swimming enthusiast, an asymmetry between bilateral body rotations above 25 ° would result in a swimming speed of less than 0.5 m/s; meanwhile, for professional athletes, the swimming speed of the athlete hardly changes even if the difference of the two-side rotation is less than 5 degrees. In fact, the rotational asymmetry is less than 10 ° for 80% of professional athletes, while their average swimming speed does not vary much. The R-square values for the swimming enthusiast team model (0.2182) and the professional athlete team model R-square values (0.0938) also demonstrate little correlation between symmetric rotations and velocity profiles for professional athletes. The relatively stable speed profile of professional athletes indicates that rotational asymmetry has little effect on their performance and therefore there may be other parameters that play a more important role in this set of actions.
E. Satisfactory body rotation and rotational symmetry
The relationship between the desired rotation ratio and the rotational symmetry is shown in fig. 10. The data were then fitted to a linear model with the fitting parameters shown in the table below.
From the above results, it can be seen that the higher the required rotation ratio, the smaller the difference in the bilateral rotation amplitudes. This correlation was equally evident in both groups, where the R-square value for the swimming enthusiast team model was 0.0896 and the R-square value for the professional athlete team model was 0.0365. From this perspective, both groups showed similar behavior in maintaining both the desired number of rotations and rotational symmetry, as demonstrated in the mixed display of the data points of FIG. 10.
F. General conditions
The data of all swimmers are integrated, and the influence of the rotation proportion and the rotation symmetry meeting the requirements on the swimming speed is researched by drawing a curved surface graph. And converting the rotational symmetry data recorded according to the degrees into percentages according to the corresponding rotation proportion meeting the requirements. The fitting model is shown in fig. 11, and the fitting parameters are shown in the following table.
From the above results, the average speed of the professional athlete group was higher than that of the swimming enthusiast group. Numerically, compliance with the required rotation ratio, body rotational symmetry, is equally important to swimmer speed performance, and the first parameter is somewhat more important. However, there is no clear relationship between these two parameters and the speed profile of the professional athlete's team. The swimming enthusiast group model R square value 0.3569 indicates a better linear relationship than the professional athlete group model R square value of 0.0938.
(IV) discussion
This study discusses the effect of internal and external body rotation on freestyle speed. Body rotation information is collected by using a specially designed wearable embedded device. The device is placed in the middle of the sacral region of the swimmer's back so that body rotation information can be directly extracted. The main performance indexes collected include the inner and outer rotation amplitude, the number of strokes per pass and the average swimming speed.
The speed profile is used to analyze the characteristics of different levels of swimmers. As a result, the two groups were found to be statistically different. Body rotation analysis was therefore performed separately for both groups.
Although the speed profiles of the swimming enthusiast group and the professional athlete group are different, the two groups still have a common point. The results shown in fig. 10 indicate that the ability of the swimmer to maintain the desired amplitude of body rotation helps maintain rotational symmetry. The more satisfactory the body rotation, the smaller the bilateral rotation difference. In addition, both groups exhibited similar dispersion characteristics in terms of maintaining the desired number of rotations and rotational symmetry.
Swimming enthusiasts often have high variations in body rotation amplitude. According to the existing theory[9]Observing their unilateral amplitude of rotation, this difference increases water drag and causes the swimmer to waste energy in overcoming the drag. From a hydrodynamic point of view, the large difference in the amplitude of the body rotation may be one of the reasons for the poor speed distribution of the swimming enthusiast group. Furthermore, the swimming enthusiast group has a common problem of over-rotation, which can result in excessive energy loss. This is further confirmed by the fact that the body rotation amplitudes of the individual swimming enthusiasts R4, R6, R7, R8 are within the preset angle range, and their velocity distributions are relatively prominent in the swimming enthusiasts group. All swimming enthusiasts do not perform well in this term, considering the bilateral rotation amplitude symmetry. The large difference in the rotation amplitude of the two sides can cause the fluctuation of the water flow, thereby increasing the water resistance.
The R-squared values for all of the fitted first order polynomial models for the swimming enthusiasts groups shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 11 are greater than 0.2. These models may be considered valid in view of the large differences that can be expected when analyzing human subjects. The results of (tri) -C, (tri) -D, (tri) -F show that satisfactory body rotation amplitude and body rotation symmetry both affect the speed profile of swimming enthusiasts. To achieve high velocity profiles, swimming enthusiasts need to increase the number of body turns that meet requirements while maintaining rotational symmetry inside and outside each.
Although both parameters affect the speed of the swimming enthusiast, they are of different importance. The fitted model for the swimming enthusiast group in fig. 11 shows numerically that the absolute value of the X-axis coefficient is larger, indicating that the proportion of turn that is satisfactory plays a more important role in increasing swimming speed. Together with the fact that the rotational symmetry of the body, as indicated by the (three) -E results, can be induced by a greater number of rotations required, it can be determined that the proportion of rotations required is more dominant than the rotational symmetry for swimming enthusiasts.
The rolling performance of the professional athlete group is significantly different from the swimming enthusiast group. Professional athletes have a smaller standard deviation of body rotation, indicating that their rotation is more consistent and the angle is also narrower. This streamlined turning technique saves energy. By observing the performance of professional athletes, it was found that the group did not strictly adhere to the preset angular range. The professional athletes have different performances in the rotation proportion and bilateral rotation symmetry which meet the requirements. However, regardless of the above parameters, the high speed profile of professional athletes remains unchanged. It follows that the internal and external body rotation technique is not critical for professional athletes. There may be other parameters that play a more important role in influencing the performance of professional athletes.
The results of this study confirm the existing theory from a practical point of view[9]And promote the existing research[10-11]. This is still only initially explored in the field of free-swimming body rotation studies. Researchers may further add other influencing parameters, adding model complexity to optimize the body posture-velocity model. For swimming enthusiasts, feedback mechanisms can be introduced to improve body turning performance.
(V) conclusion
This study demonstrates that swimming enthusiasts can increase swimming speed by keeping body rotation within the range of 35 ° -45 °; it was found that rotational asymmetry affects the swimming speed of the swimming enthusiast, and if rotational asymmetry is minimized, the swimming speed of the swimming enthusiast is increased. The effect of these two parameters on professional athletes is not significant, indicating that professional athletes have adapted other mechanisms in their swimming style to achieve and maintain higher swimming speeds. It has also been found that the rotational symmetry in both groups increases with the number of rotations required.
Based on the research results, the invention provides a corresponding technical scheme to improve the standard degree of the free swimming stroke and the swimming speed of the swimming enthusiasts.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawings. The invention is not limited to the examples given.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 12, the exercise posture correction trainer of the present embodiment includes a measurement unit, an analysis unit, and a presentation unit; the signal output end of the measuring unit is connected with the signal input end of the analyzing unit, and the control end of the analyzing unit is connected with the controlled end of the prompting unit; the measuring unit is provided with a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system serving as a measuring reference, the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is provided with an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis which are perpendicular to each other, the X axis and the Y axis are in the same horizontal plane, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the measuring unit is arranged on the trunk of the swimmer, the X axis and the long axis of the trunk of the swimmer are positioned in the first plane, and the left side and the right side of the trunk of the swimmer are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first plane; the detection parameters of the measuring unit comprise a left side rotation angle of the left side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis and a right side rotation angle of the right side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis; the prompt unit is disposed on the swimmer's head.
The exercise posture correction trainer has the following states:
(1) and the measuring unit sends the detected detection parameters to the monitoring state of the analysis unit in real time.
(2) On the basis of the monitoring state, in the free swimming process of the swimmer, the analysis unit judges whether the maximum value of the left rotating angle is in a preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water or judges whether the maximum value of the right rotating angle is in an analysis state in the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water according to the detection parameters; the predetermined angle is in the range of 35-45 or within the range of 35-45.
(3) On the basis of the analysis state, when the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left side rotation angle or the right side rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range or smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range, the prompt unit sends a prompt state of corresponding prompt information to the swimmer.
(4) On the basis of the analysis state, the analysis unit calculates the rotational symmetry data of the two sides of the trunk of the swimmer according to the measured left side rotational angle data and the right side rotational angle data, and the rotational symmetry data of the two sides are in a dynamic adjustment state within a preset numerical range by adjusting a preset angle range; the rotational symmetry data of the two sides is the difference value between the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle and the maximum value of the corresponding right-side rotation angle; the preset value range has an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the upper limit value is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0 degrees.
In addition, the left-side rotation angle and the right-side rotation angle respectively use horizontal planes in which the X axis and the Y axis are located as measurement reference planes. The sensed parameters of the measuring unit also include the pitch angle of the swimmer, the swimming speed and the swimming acceleration. The measuring unit is a sensor, the analyzing unit is a processor, and the prompting unit is a vibrator or intelligent glasses; the measurement unit is placed in the middle of the sacral area of the back of the swimmer's trunk.
Example 2
The exercise posture correction training method of the present embodiment adopts the exercise posture correction trainer of embodiment 1; the training method comprises the following steps:
the first step, wearing the motion posture correction trainer on a swimmer, wherein the measuring unit is arranged on the body of the swimmer, and the prompting unit is arranged on the head of the swimmer;
secondly, starting the exercise posture correction trainer to enable the exercise posture correction trainer to be in a monitoring state;
thirdly, in the free swimming process of the swimmer, the movement posture correction trainer is in an analysis state and is in a prompt state when meeting the prompt condition; the prompting conditions are as follows: the analysis unit judges whether the maximum value of the left rotation angle or the maximum value of the right rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of a preset angle range or smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range;
and fourthly, after the swimmer finishes free swimming, the motion posture correction trainer is closed or is continuously in a monitoring state.
In the third step, when the movement posture correction trainer is in the prompting state,
if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer is drained, the analysis unit sends first prompt information that the left side of the swimmer is rotated too much to the swimmer through the prompt unit;
if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left rotation angle is smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends second prompt information that the left rotation is too small to the swimmer through the prompt unit;
if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the right-side rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer is discharged with water, the analysis unit sends third prompt information that the right side of the swimmer is rotated too much to the swimmer through the prompt unit;
if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the right side rotation angle is smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends fourth prompt information that the right side rotation is too small to the swimmer through the prompt unit.
The prompting unit comprises a left vibrator positioned on the left side of the head of the swimmer and a right vibrator positioned on the right side of the head of the swimmer; the first prompt message comprises N times of vibration of the left vibrator, the second prompt message comprises M times of vibration of the left vibrator, the third prompt message comprises N times of vibration of the right vibrator, and the fourth prompt message comprises M times of vibration of the right vibrator; n is more than or equal to 1, M is more than or equal to 1, and N is not equal to M.
In the third step, when the exercise posture correction trainer is in an analysis state, the analysis unit also calculates symmetry data of the left side rotation angle and the right side rotation angle of the swimmer trunk according to the measured left side rotation angle data and right side rotation angle data, and the two sides of the rotation symmetry data are in a preset numerical range by adjusting a preset angle range; the rotational symmetry data of the two sides is the difference value between the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle and the maximum value of the corresponding right-side rotation angle; the preset value range has an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the upper limit value is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0 degrees.
And the third step of further comprising the step of recording the detection parameters, the analysis result data and the prompt event data by the analysis unit and uploading the data to an external upper computer.
The inventor of the invention trains swimming enthusiasts by adopting the training method of the embodiment to find that the detection result after 8 weeks of training shows that the free swimming action of the swimming enthusiasts and professional athletes obviously tends to be consistent, and the swimming speed is obviously improved.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Reference to the literature
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[2]A.Stamm,D.A.James,and D.V.Thiel,“Velocity profiling using inertial sensors for freestyle swimming,”Sports Engineering,vol.16,no.1,pp.1–11,2013.
[3]F.Dadashi,F.Crettenand,G.P.Millet,L.Seifert,J.Komar,and K.Aminian,“Automatic front-crawl temporal phase detection using adaptive filtering of inertial signals,”Journal of sports sciences,vol.31,no.11,pp.1251–1260,2013.
[4]Y.Ohgi,“Microcomputer-based acceleration sensor device for sports biomechanics-stroke evaluation by using swimmer’s wrist acceleration,”in Proceedings of IEEE Sensors,vol.1.IEEE,2002,pp.699–704.
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Claims (8)
1. A movement posture correction trainer comprises a measuring unit, an analyzing unit and a prompting unit; the device is characterized in that a signal output end of the measuring unit is connected with a signal input end of the analyzing unit, and a control end of the analyzing unit is connected with a controlled end of the prompting unit; the measuring unit is provided with a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system serving as a measuring reference, the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is provided with an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis which are perpendicular to each other, the X axis and the Y axis are in the same horizontal plane, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the measuring unit is arranged on the trunk of the swimmer, the X axis and the long axis of the trunk of the swimmer are positioned in the same first plane, and the left side and the right side of the trunk of the swimmer are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first plane; the detection parameters of the measuring unit comprise a left side rotation angle of the left side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis and a right side rotation angle of the right side of the swimmer trunk rotating around the long axis; the prompting unit is arranged on the head of the swimmer;
the exercise posture correction training device comprises: the measuring unit sends the detected detection parameters to the monitoring state of the analysis unit in real time;
the exercise posture correction trainer further has: on the basis of the monitoring state, in the free swimming process of the swimmer, the analysis unit judges whether the maximum value of the left rotating angle is in a preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water or judges whether the maximum value of the right rotating angle is in an analysis state in the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water according to the detection parameters; the preset angle range is 35-45 degrees or within 35-45 degrees;
the exercise posture correction trainer further has: on the basis of the analysis state, when the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left rotating angle or the maximum value of the right rotating angle is larger than the upper limit value of a preset angle range or smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range, the prompt unit sends a prompt state of corresponding prompt information to the swimmer;
the exercise posture correction trainer further has: on the basis of the analysis state, the analysis unit calculates the rotational symmetry data of the two sides of the trunk of the swimmer according to the measured left-side rotating angle data and the right-side rotating angle data, and the rotational symmetry data of the two sides are in a dynamic adjustment state within a preset numerical range by adjusting a preset angle range; the two-side rotational symmetry data is the difference value between the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle and the maximum value of the corresponding right-side rotation angle; the preset numerical range has an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the upper limit value is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0 degrees.
2. The training device for correcting exercise posture according to claim 1, wherein the left-side rotation angle and the right-side rotation angle are measured with reference to horizontal planes on which the X-axis and the Y-axis are located, respectively.
3. The training device for correcting exercise posture according to claim 1, wherein the sensed parameters of the measuring unit further include a pitch angle of the swimmer, a swimming speed and a swimming acceleration.
4. The exercise posture correction trainer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring unit is a sensor, the analyzing unit is a processor, and the prompting unit is a vibrator or smart glasses; the measurement unit is placed in the middle of the sacral area of the back of the swimmer's trunk.
5. An exercise posture correction training method characterized by using the exercise posture correction training device according to any one of claims 1 to 4; the training method comprises the following steps:
the first step, wearing the motion posture correction trainer on a swimmer, wherein the measuring unit is arranged on the body of the swimmer, and the prompting unit is arranged on the head of the swimmer;
secondly, starting the exercise posture correction trainer to enable the exercise posture correction trainer to be in a monitoring state;
thirdly, in the free swimming process of the swimmer, the motion posture correction trainer is in an analysis state and is in a prompt state when meeting the prompt condition; the prompting conditions are as follows: the analysis unit judges whether the maximum value of the left rotation angle or the maximum value of the right rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of a preset angle range or smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range;
fourthly, after the swimmer finishes free swimming, the exercise posture correction trainer is closed or is continuously in a monitoring state;
in the third step, when the exercise posture correction trainer is in an analysis state, the analysis unit also calculates the rotational symmetry data of the two sides of the trunk of the swimmer according to the measured left side rotation angle data and right side rotation angle data, and adjusts the preset angle range to enable the rotational symmetry data of the two sides to be in the preset numerical range; the two-side rotational symmetry data is the difference between the maximum value of the left-side rotation angle and the maximum value of the corresponding right-side rotation angle; the preset numerical range has an upper limit value and a lower limit value, the upper limit value is less than or equal to 10 degrees, and the lower limit value is greater than or equal to 0 degrees.
6. The exercise posture correction training method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the third step, when the exercise posture correction trainer is in a prompt state, if the analyzing unit judges that the maximum value of the left side turning angle is greater than the upper limit value of the preset angle range when the left side of the swimmer's trunk is out of water, the analyzing unit sends a first prompt message that the left side is turned too much to the swimmer through the prompting unit; if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the left rotation angle is smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range when the left side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends second prompt information that the left rotation is too small to the swimmer through the prompt unit; if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the right-side rotation angle is larger than the upper limit value of the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer is discharged with water, the analysis unit sends third prompt information that the right side of the swimmer is rotated too much to the swimmer through the prompt unit; if the analysis unit judges that the maximum value of the right side rotation angle is smaller than the lower limit value of the preset angle range when the right side of the trunk of the swimmer leaves water, the analysis unit sends fourth prompt information that the right side rotation is too small to the swimmer through the prompt unit.
7. The exercise posture rectification training method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the prompting unit includes a left vibrator located at a left side of the swimmer's head and a right vibrator located at a right side of the swimmer's head; the first prompt message comprises N times of vibration of the left vibrator, the second prompt message comprises M times of vibration of the left vibrator, the third prompt message comprises N times of vibration of the right vibrator, and the fourth prompt message comprises M times of vibration of the right vibrator; n is more than or equal to 1, M is more than or equal to 1, and N is not equal to M.
8. The exercise posture correction training method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the third step further comprises the analysis unit recording the detection parameters, the analysis result data and the prompt event data and uploading to an external upper computer.
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| US9839830B1 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-12 | PNI Sensor Corporation | Aiding a swimmer in maintaining a desired bearing |
| CN206473763U (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-09-08 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of wearable device for adjusting stroke |
| CN107899203A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-13 | 河南理工大学 | One kind swimming posture training equipment |
| CN207950567U (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-10-12 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of swimming position monitoring system |
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| CN108452504B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-04-14 | 昆山快乐岛运动电子科技有限公司 | Swimming posture analysis device and method based on sensor |
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